Amagqabantshintshi: Njengokufunda ngaphambi kwayo, ukuvavanywa kwengqondo kutyhila utshintsho olunje ngomlutha kwabo banomlutha we-Intanethi. Ukuphathwa gwenxa kwimicimbi emhlophe nengwevu kufunyanwa nakwabo bafumana iziyobisi.
imvelaphi
Ingxaki yeziyobisi kwi-Intanethi (i-IAD) ngoku iba yinto enobuzaza yezempilo yengqondo kwilizwe jikelele. Izifundo zangaphambili malunga ne-IAD bezijolise ikakhulu kwiimviwo zengqondo ezinxulumene nazo. Nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa ezifundweni zesakhiwo sobuchopho kunye nomsebenzi malunga ne-IAD. Kolu phando, sisebenzise i-infusion tensor imaging (DTI) ukuphanda ukuthembeka kwimiba emhlophe kulutsha olufikisa ne-IAD.
Iindlela / Iinkcukacha eziphambili
Izifundo ezilishumi elinesixhenxe ze-IAD kunye nolawulo lweshumi elinesithandathu olusempilweni ngaphandle kwe-IAD ethathe inxaxheba kolu phando. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha be-anisotropy ye-anisotropy (FA) yenziwa ngamanani asekwe kwitrektara (i-TBSS) yokufumana imimandla engaqhelekanga emhlophe phakathi kwamacandelo. I-TBSS ibonakalise ukuba i-IAD yayine-FA ephantsi kakhulu kunolawulo kuyo yonke ingqondo, kubandakanya ne-orbito-frontal white matter, corpus callosum, cingulum, infonto-occipital fasciculus, kunye ne-corona radiation, njengeepilisi zangaphakathi nangaphandle, ngelixa zingabonisi ndawo ze-FA ephezulu. Uvolumu-lomdla (VOI) Uhlalutyo lwalusetyenziselwa ukukhangela utshintsho lweempawu zokungafaniyo kwimimandla ebonisa ukungaqheleki kwe-FA. Kwii-VOIs ezininzi, ukuncitshiswa kwe-FA kubangelwe kukonyuka kobubanzi be-radial ngelixa kungekho tshintsho kwi-axial diffusivity. Uhlalutyo lokuhambelana lwenziwa ukuvavanya ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-FA kunye neendlela zokuziphatha kwiqela le-IAD. Unxibelelwano olubi kakhulu lufunyenwe phakathi kwexabiso le-FA kwi-corpus callosum kunye neScreen sokuKhathazeka koNyana esiDala ukuPhazamiseka kweMvakalelo, naphakathi kwamaxabiso e-FA kwiphilisi yangaphandle yasekhohlo kunye nenqanaba lokulutha kwi-Intanethi.
izigqibo
Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba i-IAD ibonakalise ukunciphisa okuxhaphakileyo kwe-FA kwiindlela ezinkulu zemicimbi emhlophe kwaye eso sakhiwo semicimbi engaqhelekanga sinokunxulunyaniswa nothintelo lokuziphatha. Ukongeza, ukuthembeka kwimiba emhlophe kunokusebenza njengeyona nto iphambili ekujolise kuyo kunyango kwaye i-FA ibe njenge-biomarker efanelekileyo yokuqonda iindlela ezisisiseko zokulimala okanye ukuvavanya ukusebenza kongenelelo oluthile kwakwangoko kwi-IAD.
Ukucaphula: Lin F, Zhou Y, Du Y, Qin L, Zhao Z, et al. (2012) Ukunyaniseka kweMicimbi emhlophe engaqhelekanga kulutsha olufikisayo olunengxaki yokufumana iziyobisi kwi-Intanethi: Isifundo esisekwe kwiteknoloji esekwe kwiteknoloji. IPLOKO ZOKUQALA 7 (1): e30253. ikhonkco: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253
Umhleli: UMartin Gerbert Frasch, kwiYunivesithi yaseMontréal, eCanada
Ifunyenwe: Nge-4 ka-Okthobha ka-2011; Yamkelwe: Disemba 15, 2011; Ipapashwe: ngoJanuwari 11, 2012
Ilungelo lokushicilela: © 2012 Lin et al. Eli linqaku lokufikelela ngokuvulekileyo elihanjiswe phantsi kwemiqathango yeLayisensi ye-Creative Commons Attribution, evumela ukusetyenziswa, ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokuzala okungathintelwanga kulo naluphi na uhlobo, ukuba umbhali wokuqala kunye nomthombo bayafakwa.
Inkxaso-mali: Lo msebenzi wawuxhaswe ngokuyinxenye yi-Natural Science Foundation yase-China (Nombolo. Inkqubo yeThisisi yeSikolo samaTshayina seSayensi. Abaxhasi-mali bebengenandima kuyilo lokufunda, ukuqokelela idatha kunye nohlalutyo, isigqibo sokupapasha, okanye ukulungiselela umbhalo obhaliweyo.
Umdla wokukhuphisana: Ababhali bavakalise ukuba akukho mdla ukhuphiswano ukhona.
* I-imeyile: [imeyile ikhuselwe] (JX); [imeyile ikhuselwe] (HL)
# Aba babhali banegalelo elilinganayo kulo msebenzi.
Ukuphazamiseka kweziyobisi kwi-Intanethi (IAD), ekwabizwa ngokuba yingxaki okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi, ibonakaliswa kukungakwazi komntu ukulawula ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi, okunokuthi ekugqibeleni kubangele uxinzelelo kunye nokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kobomi ngokubanzi njengokufunda, intlalontle. ukusebenzisana, umdla emsebenzini kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha [1]. Inkcazo ngokubhekisele kwi-IAD isekwe kwinkcazo yokuxhomekeka kwezinto okanye ukugembula kwengqondo, ekwabelana ngepropathi yokuxhomekeka kwezinto, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukunyamezelana, ukurhoxa, ukudodobala kunye nokuphazamiseka emsebenzini. [2], [3]. Ngokunyuka kwenani labasebenzisi be-Intanethi, ingxaki ye-IAD okwangoku itsala umdla oqwalaselweyo ovela kwizifo zengqondo, kootitshala nakuluntu; ke ngoko i-IAD iba ngumcimbi onzulu wezempilo yeengqondo kwihlabathi liphela [4], [5], [6].
Izifundo ezikhoyo malunga ne-IAD zijolise kwizishwankathelo zamatyala, iindlela zokuziphatha, iziphumo ezibi kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kunye nokuxilongwa kliniki, isifo sephepha, izinto ezihambelana nengqondo, ulawulo lweempawu, ukuqaqamba kwengqondo kunye nesiphumo sonyango. [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. Ezi zifundo zixhomekeke ikakhulu kwimibuzo ephendulwa ngokwengqondo kwaye zihlala zixeliwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-intanethi kunokuba neziphumo ezinokubakho kwiingxaki zengqondo zabantu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zimbalwa nje izifundo ezenziwa nge-neuroimaging ezenziweyo ukuphonononga utshintsho lwengqondo kunye nokusebenza okuhambelana ne-IAD. Uphononongo lwangaphambili lwe-voxel-based morphometry (VBM) luye lwachaza ukuba uxinzelelo lwempunga luyi-cortex yecala lasekhohlo, umva we-cortex yangaphakathi, isisulu kunye nolwimi olufikisayo lwolutsha lwe-IAD. [12]. U-Yuan noogxa bakhe bafumanisa ukuba izifundo ze-IAD zineenguqu ezininzi ezakhiweyo kwingqondo, kwaye olo tshintsho luhambelana kakhulu nexesha lokulutha kwe-Intanethi. [13]. Uphononongo olunye lokuphumla-lokusebenza kwengqondo yemagnethi yokuphumla (fMRI) lubonise ukuba abafundi beekholeji ze-IAD bonyuse i-homogeneity yommandla kwimimandla emininzi yobuchopho kubandakanya i-cerebellum, ubuchopho, i-limbic lobe, i-lobe yangaphambili kunye ne-apical lobe [14]. Izifundo ezibini ezinxulumene nomsebenzi we-FMRI yabantu abanomlutha we-Intanethi zibonisa ukuba ukwenziwa kwe-cue okubangelwa kukuphendula kumdlalo wevidiyo we-Intanethi kuyafana noko kwabonwa ngexesha lokubonakaliswa kwabantu abanokuxhomekeka kwizixhobo okanye ukugembula kwengqondo. [15], [16]. Dong et al. [17]yaxela ukuba abafundi be-IAD babenokusebenza okuncinci kwinqanaba lokufumana ungquzulwano, kwaye babonisa ukusebenza okuncinci ekusebenzeni kolwazi kunye nolawulo olusezantsi lokuphatha kunolawulo oluqhelekileyo ngokurekhoda amandla ezinxulumene nomsitho onxulumene nomsitho ngexesha lomsebenzi ka-Go / No-Go. Ukongeza, uphando lwe-positron emission Tomogra (PET) lufumaniseke ukuba umdlalo we-intanethi ngaphezulu wabelana ngeendlela zengqondo kunye neendlela zangaphakathi kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphazamiseka kolawulo kunye neziyobisi / iziyobisi ezingahambelani neziyobisi. [18]. Ithathiwe kunye, ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zibonisa ukuba izifundo ze-IAD zidibene notshintsho lolwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwimimandla yobuchopho ebandakanya ukuqhutywa kweemvakalelo, ingqalelo enkulu, ukwenza izigqibo nolawulo lwengqondo.
Sibonisa ukuba izifundo ze-IAD zikwanxulunyaniswa nokudodobala kwemicu emhlophe edibanisa ezi ngingqi kwaye olo tshintsho lubonwa ngumbala wokudibanisa imilo (DTI), indlela ye-MRI engahlaseliyo enakho ukubonelela ngomda wobungakanani bemeko emhlophe yomcimbi. [19]. I-DTI inomdla kwiimpawu zokungafani kwamanzi kwaye iye yaphuhliswa njengesixhobo sokuphanda iipropathi zendawo yengqondo emhlophe kwengqondo [20]. Iiparamitha ezine ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ezinokubakho zisuselwa kwidatha ye-DTI: i-1) i-anisotropy (FA), ebonisa ulungelelwaniso lokungafani kwamanzi kunye nokudibana kwamaphecana emicimbi emhlophe; I-2) kuthetha ukwahluka (MD), ukubala ubungakanani bokuphambuka kwamanzi; I-3) i-axial diususus (Da) yokulinganisa ubukhulu bokuhluka ecaleni komgaqo kunye ne-4) i-radial disusivity (Dr) ibonisa ubungakanani bokungafani kobodwa kwindlela eya kumgaqo wokuhanjiswa [21],[22]. La manyathelo ahambelana nombutho wezinto ezincinci zombane kwaye usetyenziselwa ukumiliselwa kweempawu zobume bendawo yezicubu zasekhaya.
Kolu phando, sisebenzise i-DTI ukuphanda ukuthembeka komba omhlophe kulutsha oluninzi lwe-IAD. Indlela yokuhlalutya esekwe kumzi-mveliso yezibalo (i-TBSS) esetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya idatha ye-DTI. Le ndlela igcina amandla ohlalutyo olusekwe kwi-voxel ngelixa ijongana nezinye iingxaki zayo, njengokuhambelana kwemifanekiso kwizifundo ezininzi kunye nokuchasana kokukhetha ukulungiswa komhlaba [23]. Iinjongo zesifundo yi-1) ukuphanda umahluko kulwabiwo lwendawo emhlophe yokunyaniseka kwemicimbi phakathi kwabakwishumi elivisayo abane-IAD kunye nolawulo olusempilweni ngaphandle kwe-IAD, bengenzi ngcinga zangaphambili malunga nokuchaphazeleka okunokubakho, kunye ne-2) ukumisela ukuba akukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwemicimbi emhlophe yokunyaniseka kunye nemilinganiselo ye-neurophysiological kwizifundo ze-IAD.
I zifundo
Abalishumi elinesibhozo abakwishumi elivisayo abane-IAD baqeshwa kwakhona kwiSebe labantwana nakwingqondo yabakwishumi elivisayo. [2]. Iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, isini kunye nee-yes yemfundo ehambelana nezifundo eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwe-IAD yakhethwa njengolawulo. Zonke izifundo zazinikelwe ekunene njengoko kuvavanywa iphepha lemibuzo ngokweempahla zokuhanjiswa kwe-Edinburgh [24]. Idatha yesakhiwo ye-MRI kwezi zifundo yayisetyenziswa kwisifundo sethu se-VBM sangaphambili [12]. Kolu phando, idatha yokucinga evela kulawulo ezimbini kunye nesifundo esinye se-IAD kuye kwafuneka kulahlwe ngenxa yezinto ezinkulu zokuhamba. Ngenxa yoko, inani lilishumi elinesithandathu lolawulo (ububanzi beminyaka: 15-24) kunye nezifundo ezilishumi elinesixhenxe ze-IAD (udidi lobudala: 14-24). Ulwazi loluntu ngezifundo ezifakiweyo zidweliswe apha 1 Table.
Ithebula 1. Iimpawu zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha kwabathathi-nxaxheba ababandakanyiweyo.
I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253.t001
Olu phando lwamkelwe yiKomiti yeeNqobo zokuziphatha zeSibhedlele saseRenJi seShanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School. Abathathi-nxaxheba nabazali babo / abagcini bomthetho baxelelwa ngeenjongo zesifundo sethu phambi kweemviwo ze-MRI. Imvume ebhaliweyo epheleleyo yafunyanwa kubazali / abagcini bomntu ngamnye othathe inxaxheba.
Inkcazo yokungeniswa kunye noKhuseleko
Zonke izifundo zenziwa ngovavanyo olulula lomzimba kubandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nemilinganiselo yokubetha kwentliziyo, kwaye kwenziwa udliwanondlebe nodliwanondlebe nengcali yezonyango ngokubhekisele kwimbali yazo yezonyango kwimithambo-luvo, ukushukuma, ukugaya, ukuphefumla, ukujikeleza, i-endocrine, umchamo kunye neenkqubo zokuzala. Baye ke bavavanyelwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, iMibuzo yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeNuropsychiatric yaBantwana naBafikisayo (MINI-KID) [25]. Inkqubo yokuthintela ibandakanya imbali yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye ukuxhomekeka; imbali yeziphazamiso eziphambili zengqondo, ezinje ngokuba yi-schizophrenia, uxinzelelo, ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo, izigulo zengqondo, okanye ukugula esibhedlele ngezifo zengqondo. Izifundo ze-IAD azikhange ziphathwe nawaphi na amayeza. Nangona kunjalo, inani elincinci lezifundo ze-IAD lafumana i-psychotherapy.
Umgangatho wokuqonda isifo we-IAD wahlengahlengiswa kwiPhepha lemibuzo loLutsha oluchongiweyo lokuqonda isifo kwiindlela zokulutha kwi-Intanethi nguBeard noWolf [2]. Iikhrayitheriya ezibandakanya izinto 'ezisibhozo' okanye u-'ha 'zaguqulelwa kwisiTshayina. Ibandakanya le mibuzo ilandelayo: (1) Ngaba uziva uzixakekise nge-Intanethi (okt ucinga ngesenzo se-Intanethi sangaphambili okanye ulindele iseshoni elandelayo ye-intanethi)? (2) Ngaba uziva isidingo sokusebenzisa i-Intanethi ngenani lexesha elongezelelweyo ukuze ufezekise ulwaneliseko? (3) Ngaba uye wenza imizamo engaphumelelanga yokulawula, ukunqumamisa okanye ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi? (4) Ngaba uziva ungaphumli, unomsindo, unxunguphalo, okanye unomsindo xa uzama ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi? (5) Ngaba uhlala kwi-intanethi ixesha elide kunokuba ubucwangcisiwe kwasekuqaleni? (6) Ngaba ubeke emngciphekweni okanye ubeke emngciphekweni wokuphulukana nolwalamano olubalulekileyo, umsebenzi, imfundo okanye ithuba lomsebenzi ngenxa ye-Intanethi? (7) Ngaba uxokile kumalungu osapho, ugqirha okanye abanye abantu ukufihla ubungakanani bokuzibandakanya kwi-Intanethi? (8) Ngaba usebenzisa i-Intanethi njengendlela yokubaleka kwiingxaki okanye ukhulule uxinzelelo (umzekelo, ukuziva ungeloncedo, unetyala, unxunguphalo noxinzelelo)? Abathathi-nxaxheba abaphendule 'ewe' kwizinto ze-1 ngokusebenzisa i-5 kwaye nakuphi na kwezinto ezintathu ezisele zahlelwa njengezinobunzima kwi-IAD.
Uvavanyo lokuziphatha kakuhle
Amaphepha emibuzo amathandathu asetyenziselwa ukuvavanya isimilo sabathathi-nxaxheba, esibizwa ngokuba yi-Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS) [26], UMda wokuLawulwa kweXesha lexesha (i-TMDS) [27], Amandla kunye nobunzima bephepha lemibuzo (SDQ) [28]I-Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS) [29], Iscreen senkxalabo enxulumene nokukhubazeka komntwana (SCARED) [30] kunye nesixhobo sovavanyo losapho (FAD) [31]. Zonke iikhweshine zenziwe ngesiNgesi zaguqulelwa kwisiTshayina.
Ukufunyanwa komfanekiso
Ukujongwa kobunzima obunzima kwenziwa kwi-3.0-Tesla Phillips Achieva scanner yonyango. I-echo ye-single eco-planar infusion enesisindo somlinganiso kunye nokuhambelana kweplanethi ye-anterior-posterior commissures yenziwa ngokwezi paramitha zilandelayo: ixesha lokuphindaphinda = 8,044 ms; ixesha le-echo = 68 ms; Into ye-SENSE = 2; ukufunyanwa kwe-matrix = i-128 × 128 zero-ezaliswe kwi-256 × 256; indawo yokujonga = 256 × 256 mm2; ubukhulu be-slice = 4 mm ngaphandle komda. Amanqaku onke e-34 ewugubungele ubuchopho bonke kubandakanya ne-cerebellum. I-infusion ivuselela iigradients zisetyenziswe kunye ne-15 ye-non-collinear gradient khowudi khowudi nge-b = 800 s / mm2. Umfanekiso omnye ongezelelweyo ngaphandle kwegradients yokwahlula (b = 0 s / mm2) yafunyanwa. Ukuphucula isandi kumlinganiselo wengxolo, ukucinga bekuphindwa kathathu.
Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha
Yonke idatha ye-DTI yenziwe kwangaphambili yi-FMRIB's Diffusion Toolbox (FDT) ngaphakathi kwithala leencwadi leSoftware ye-FMRIB (FSL; http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl). Kuqala, ivolum enesilinganiselo sokulinganisa zalungelelaniswa kunye non-infusion-weighting ehambelana nayo (b0) umfanekiso ngotshintsho lwe-affine ukunciphisa ukugqabhuka komfanekiso kwimisinga ye-eddy kunye nokunciphisa intshukumo elula yentloko. Emva koko, izicubu ezingenangqondo kunye nengxolo yangemva zakhutshwa kwi-b0 umfanekiso usebenzisa isixhobo seBrain Extraction Tool. Emva kwala manyathelo, i-tensor tensor kwi-voxel nganye iqikelelwe yi-multivariate yomgca ofanelekileyo we-algorithm, kwaye i-tensor matrix yafakwa diagonalized ukufumana iipere zayo ezintathu ze-eigenvalues (λ1, λ2, λ3) kunye neeegengenics. Kwaye emva kwexabiso le-voxelwise ye-FA, MD, Da (Da = λ1) kunye noGqr2+ λ3) / 2) zibaliwe.
Uhlalutyo lwe-TBSS
Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lobugcisa bemifanekiso ye-FA lwenziwa nge-TBSS [23], eyaqala ukwenziwa kwi-FSL. Ngamafutshane, iimephu ze-FA zazo zonke izifundo zaqala ukuhanjiswa kwindawo ebekujoliswa kuzo kwaza kwajikwa ukuba ii-modumo ze-F zomgaqo-nkqubo zilungelelaniswe kwi-1 x 1 × 1 mm3 Iziko leMontreal Neurological Institute (MNI152) indawo esemgangathweni ngokusebenzisa itemplate ye-FMRIB58_FA. Emva koko, imifanekiso ebhalisiweyo ye-FA yatshintshwa ukuvelisa umfanekiso we-FA osetyenziswayo, emva koko umfanekiso we-FA wasetyenziselwa ukwenza umfanekiso-ngqondweni we-FA emele ezona ndlela ziphambili zetrektara kunye neziko lazo zonke iitrektara zefibre ziqhelekile kwiqela. Amathambo e-FA atyhidiwe ngakumbi ukubekwa ixabiso le-FA le-0.2 ukukhuphela ngaphandle amaphecana apho bekukho umahluko ophakathi kwisifundo kunye / okanye neempembelelo zevolum yento emdaka. Ukulandela isithintelo se-FA skeleton, idatha yedatha ye-FA yomthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye yaqikelelwa kwisikeji sokuyila imephu ye-FA, ngokukhangela indawo ejikeleze amathambo kwicala lendawo nganye, nokufumana eyona ndawo iphezulu ye-FA Ixabiso, kwaye emva koko ukwabela eli xabiso kwisakhiwo sethambo esihambelanayo.
Ukuchonga iiyantlukwano ze-FA phakathi kwezifundo ze-IAD kunye nolawulo oluqhelekileyo, idatha ye-skeletonised FA yayondliwe kuhlalutyo lwamanani e-voxel-based based based on non-parametric process esebenzisa theti ye-permchas test. Uvavanyo lwenziwa yinkqubo ye-FSL engakhethiyo, esebenzisa i-5000 yemvume engekho mthethweni. Ukuthelekiswa kwezinto ezimbini kuqikelelwa: Izifundo ze-IAD zingaphezulu kolawulo kunye nolawulo olukhulu kunezifundo ze-IAD. Ubudala bangena ekuhlalutyweni njenge-covariate yokuqinisekisa ukuba nawuphi na umahluko obonwayo we-FA phakathi kwamaqela wawuzimele kwiinguqu ezinxulumene nobudala. Uphuculo lweqela elingahlanganyelwanga mda (TFCE) [32], enye indlela yesiqhelo esekwe kwiklastikhi esekwe ngokwesiqhelo esonakaliswa kukuchasana kweqela elenza umqobo, lalisetyenziselwa ukufumana umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kwamaqela amabini kwi-p <0.01, emva kokubalwa kwemali ngokuthelekiswa okuninzi ngokulawula impazamo yobulumko bosapho. Ixabiso (FWE). Ukusuka kwiziphumo zokuthelekiswa kweqela le-voxel-wise group, imimandla enamathambo ebonisa umahluko ophakathi kwamaqela ibikhona kwaye ibhalwe i-anatomically ngokwenza imephu ye-FWE yokulungisa imephu ye-p <0.01 kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins (JHU) -ICBM-DTI-81 Imicimbi emhlophe (i-WM) yeelebheli ze-atlas kunye ne-JHU-WM yeTragraphy Atlas kwindawo yeMNI.
Ukuhlolwa komthamo wenzala ye-induction infusion
Ukujonga iindlela zobume bezinto ezitshintshiweyo zotshintsho lwe-FA, uhlalutyo lomthamo (VOI) lwenziwa ukuphanda utshintsho lwee-indices (Da, Dr kunye MD) kwimimandla ebonisa ukungaqheleki kwe-FA. Ukwenza njalo, iimaski ze-VOI zaqala ukukhutshwa ngokusekwe kwiqela elibonisa umahluko ophakathi kweqela le-FA. Ezi maski ze-VOIs zaye zabuyiselwa umva kwimifanekiso yoqobo yesifundo ngasinye, kwaye amaxabiso amaxabiso ezinto zokusasaza ngaphakathi kwii-VOIs abalwa. Emva kokuqinisekisa ukusasazwa okuqhelekileyo kwedatha ngovavanyo olunye lwesampulu yaseKolmogorov-Smirnov, indlela enye yohlalutyo lwe-covariance (ANCOVA) neqela njengezinto ezizimeleyo eziguquguqukayo nezingafaniyo njengoko izinto ezixhomekekileyo zenziwa, kulawulwa iminyaka yezifundo. Inqanaba lokubaluleka kwenani le-p <0.05 (ukulungiswa kweBonferroni yokuthelekisa okuninzi) kwasetyenziswa.
Uhlalutyo lolungelelwaniso lwePearson lwalusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya unxibelelwano phakathi kotshintsho lwe-FA ngaphakathi kwe-VOIs kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. I-p <0.05 (engachanekanga) yathathelwa ingqalelo njengebalulekileyo ngokwezibalo. Amanyathelo okubuyela umva okuphindaphindayo ahlalutya ngamaxabiso aphakathi e-FA kwii-VOIs njengokuxhomekeka okuguqukayo kunye nobudala, imfundo, isini, i-YIAS, i-SDQ, i-SCARED, i-FAD, i-TMDS kunye ne-BIS njengezinto ezizimeleyo ezenziwayo ukujonga ukuba ngaba i-FA esezantsi ifumaneka kwii-VOIs ingaba Kuxelwe kwangaphambili ngamanqaku kuvavanyo lokuziphatha.
Inani labantu kunye neendlela zokuziphatha
1 Table Uluhlu lwamanqanaba okuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha kwe-IAD kunye nezifundo zolawulo. Kwakungekho mahluko ubalulekileyo kulwabiwo lobudala, isini kunye neminyaka yemfundo phakathi kwala maqela mabini. Izifundo ze-IAD zibonise i-YIAS ephezulu (p <0.0001), SDQ (p <0.001), SCARED (p <0.0001) kunye ne-FAD (p = 0.016) amanqaku kunolawulo. Akukho mahluko kumanqaku e-TMDS kunye ne-BIS afunyenwe phakathi kwamaqela.
Iziphumo ze-TBSS
Ixabiso le-0.2 lalisetyenziselwa ukubumba ubungakanani bemithambo ye-FA yokuba umthamo opheleleyo we-131962 voxels ungene ekuhlaziyeni ngobulumko be-TBSS. Ukusasazeka kweendawo zobuchopho ezibonisa ukwehla kwe-FA kwiqela le-IAD kubonisiwe Ikhiwane. 1 kwaye 2 Table. Xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo zolawulo, izifundo ze-IAD bezinciphise kakhulu i-FA (p <0.01; i-TFCE-ilungisiwe) kwimicimbi emhlophe ye-orbito-yangaphambili, i-corpus callosum, iifayibha zombutho kunye nokuzibandakanya kwe-fasciculus yamazwe angaphantsi angaphambili kunye ne-cingulum yangaphakathi yamazwe amabini, uqikelelo lweentsinga ezibandakanya i-bilateral anterior, superior, and posterior corona radiation, bilateral bilateral anterior anterior of the capsule yangaphakathi, i-bilateral yangaphandle capsule, kunye ne-precentral gyrus yangaphambili. Kwakungekho ngingqi imhlophe apho ulawulo lwalunamaxabiso asezantsi e-FA xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba be-IAD.
Umzobo 1. Uhlalutyo lwe-TBSS lweenxalenye ze-anisotropy (FA).
Iindawo ezibomvu yimimandla apho i-FA yayisezantsi kakhulu (p <0.01, ilungiswa yi-TFCE) kulutsha olunengxaki yokulutha kwi-Intanethi (IAD) xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo oluqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwe-IAD. Ukunceda ukubonwa, imimandla ebonisa ukunciphisa i-FA (bomvu) iyajixeka kusetyenziswa i-tbss_fill script ephunyezwe kwi-FSL. iziphumo baboniswe baphezulu kwi template ye-MNI152-T1 kunye nentsingiselo ye-FA skeleton (luhlaza). Icala lasekhohlo lomfanekiso lihambelana ne-hemisphere yengqondo elungileyo.
I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253.g001
Ithebula 2. Imimandla ye-Neuroanatomical ene-FA eyancitshisiweyo kulutsha olunengxaki yokulutha kwi-Intanethi ngokunxulumene nolawulo oluqhelekileyo. (p <0.01, TFCE ilungisiwe).
I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253.t002
Iziphumo zeVOI
Imimandla yobuchopho ye-22 ebonisa ukunciphisa kakhulu kwe-FA kwiqela le-IAD yakhutshwa kuhlalutyo olusekwe kwi-VOI kwezinye i-indices ze-infusion. Iziphumo zidweliswe kwi 3 Table. Ishumi elinesixhenxe kwi-22 ye-VOIs ibonakalise ukunyuka okunyanzelekileyo uGqr (p <0.05, ukulungiswa kweBonferroni yokuthelekisa okungama-22). Akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo wafunyanwa kwi-Da kuyo nayiphi na i-VOIs.
Ithebula 3. Umahluko weqela kwiimpawu zokungafaniyo ukusuka kumthamo wezinto onomdla kuzo (zilungisiwe ngobudala).
I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253.t003
Kwii-VOIs ezingama-22, uhlalutyo lolungelelwaniso lwePearson lubonise unxibelelwano olubi kakhulu phakathi kwamaxabiso e-FA kwinyani yasekhohlo ye-corpus callosum kunye ne-SCARED (r = -0.621, p = 0.008, engachanekanga; Umzobo 2A), naphakathi kwamaxabiso e-FA kwikhomputha yangaphandle yasekhohlo kunye ne-YIAS (r = -0.566, p = 0.018, engachanekanga;Umzobo 2Bkwizifundo ze-IAD. Uhlalutyo olunemigca emininzi yokuhlengahlengiswa kubonise ukuba iimpembelelo ze-SCARED kwi-FA ngaphakathi kwe-genu yasekhohlo ye-corpus callosum zazibalulekile ngokwamanani (emiselweyo β = -0.621, t = -3.07, p = 0.008), kodwa hayi ubudala, isini, imfundo kunye nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo zekhemikhali. Uhlalutyo olunemigca emininzi yokuhlengahlengisa ikwabonakalise ukuba iimpembelelo ze-YIAS kwi-FA ngaphakathi kwesingxobo sangaphandle sasekhohlo sasibalulekile (kumgangatho β = -0.566, t = -2.66, p = 0.018), kodwa hayi ubudala, isini, imfundo kunye nokunye Izinto eziguquguqukayo zengqondo.
Umzobo 2. Uhlalutyo lokulalana phakathi kwe-anisotropy ye-fractional anisotropy (i-FA) kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ngaphakathi kweqela le-Internet addiction disorder (IAD).
Ukunceda ukujonga ukubonwa, imimandla ebonisa ulungelelwaniso olubalulekileyo (obomvu) lomile lusebenzisa iskss_fill script esetyenziswe kwi-FSL. Umzobo 2A ibonisa amaxabiso e-FA kwibhokisi ekhohlo ye-corpus callosum ehambelana ngokungalunganga kunye neScreen sokukhathazeka kwabantwana esiDala ukuPhazamiseka kweMvakalelo (SCARED) (r = -0.621, p = 0.008). Umzobo 2B ibonisa amaxabiso e-FA kwicala lasekhohlo langaphandle le-capsule engalunganga kunye nesikali se-Intanethi sikaYoung (YIAS) (r = -0.566, p = 0.018).
I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0030253.g002
ingxoxo
Kolu phando, sisebenzise i-DTI ukuphanda ukuthembeka kwemicimbi emhlophe kulutsha lwe-IAD ngohlalutyo oluzimeleyo lobuchopho be-voxel-bulumko be-TBSS. Xa kuthelekiswa nobudala, isini kunye nokulawulwa okulinganayo kwimfundo, izifundo ze-IAD zinciphise kakhulu i-FA kumcimbi omhlophe we-orbito-ngaphambili, kunye ne-cingulum, imicu ye-commissural fibre ye-corpus callosum, imicu yemanyano kubandakanya kunye ne-infinist yangaphambili ye-occipital fasciculus imisebe ye-corona, inqwelomoya yangaphakathi kunye nekhabhathi yangaphandle (Umzobo 1 kwaye 2 Table). Ezi ziphumo zibonelela njengobungqina bokusilela okubanzi kwimicimbi emhlophe yokunyaniseka kwaye kubonakalisa ukuphazamiseka kwimibutho yamaphecana amhlophe e-IAD. Uhlalutyo lwe-VOI lubonise ukuba ukuncipha kwe-FA ebonwe kwi-IAD yayisisiphumo sonyukelo losasazeko lweradiya (3 Table), mhlawumbi ukubonakaliswa kokwehliswa esikhundleni. Ngaphaya koko, iziphumo zohlalutyo zoqhakamshelwano zabonisa i-FA kwi-genus yasekhohlo ye-callosum yayidibene ngokungalunganga ne-SCARED, kwaye i-FA kwibhokisi yangaphandle yasekhohlo yayidibene kakubi ne-YIAS (Umzobo 2). Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ingqibelelo yemicimbi emhlophe inokusebenza njengento enokubakho ekujolise kuyo kunyango lwe-IAD, kunye ne-FA inokusetyenziswa njenge-biomarker efanelekileyo yokuqonda iindlela ezisisiseko zokulimala okanye ukuvavanya ukusebenza kongenelelo oluthile lwangoko lwe-IAD.
Ukugcina imiba emhlophe engaqhelekanga kwi-IAD
I-orbito-frontal cortex inonxibelelwano olubanzi kunye nemimandla yangaphambili, i-visceromotor, kunye nemimandla ye-limbic, kunye neendawo zokudibana kwiimodeli nganye yovavanyo [33]. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni iimvakalelo kunye neempawu ezinxulumene neziyobisi, ezifana nokuthanda, ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuthatha izigqibo ezingathandekiyo [34], [35]. Izifundo zangaphambili zifumanise ukuba ukuthembeka okungaqhelekanga kumhlophe kwi-orbito-frontal cortex kuye kwaqwalaselwa rhoqo kwizifundo ezichazwe kwizinto ezinomlutha, ezinje ngotywala [36], cocaine [37], [38], i-marijuana [39], methamphetamine [40]kunye ne ketamine [41]. Ukufumanisa kwethu ukuba i-IAD idityaniswa nokungathembeki komcimbi omhlophe kwimimandla ye-orbito-ngaphambili iyahambelana ngezi ziphumo zangaphambili.
I-cortex cortex (ACC) ye-Anterior ixhumeka kwii-lobes zangaphambili kunye nenkqubo ye-limbic, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwengqondo, ukuqhutywa kwemvakalelo kunye nokunqwenela [42]. Ingqibelelo yemicimbi emhlophe engaqhelekanga kwi-cingulum engaphandle nayo iye yajongwa ngokungagungqiyo kwezinye iindlela zobusela, ezinjengotywala. [36], ukuxhomekeka kwe heroin [43], kunye ne-cocaine [38]. Ukuqwalaselwa kwe-FA enciphileyo ngaphakathi kwe-cingulum ye-IAD yezifundo kuyahambelana nezi ziphumo zangaphambili kunye nengxelo yokuba i-intanethi iyasetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-intanethi[17] idibaniswa nokulawulwa kwengqondo engakhubazekiyo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, iqela elifanayo lezifundo ze-IAD zaboniswa ukuba zinciphise kakhulu ubunzima begrey kwi-ACC ekhohlo, xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula [12]. Iziphumo ezifanayo ziye zabikwa elinye iqela [13].
Esona sakhiwo siphambili sibonisa i-FA ehlisiweyo kwisifundo se-IAD yi-corpus callosum, eyona nto inkulu emhlophe yento yokuhambisa umatshini exubanisa neocortex yezi hemispheres zombini. [44]. Iindawo ezingaphandle ze-corpus callosum zidibanisa ii-cortices zangaphambili, ngelixa umzimba kunye ne-splenium zidibanisa imimandla ye-parietal, ye-temporal, kunye ne-occipital homotopic [45]. Unxibelelwano oluhlanganisiweyo lwefayibha ngaphakathi kwi-corpus callosum yinto eqhelekileyo yokufumana kwizifundo ezixhomekeke kukuxhomekeka kwizinto [46]. Kwizifundo ezixhomekeke kwi-cocaine, kuncitshiswe kakhulu i-FA emzimbeni we-genu kunye ne-rostral [47] kunye nomzimba kunye ne-splenium ye-corpus callosum [48] kuxelwe. Abaxhaphazi be-Methamphetamine babonisa ukuthembeka komcimbi omhlophe kwi-genu [49] kunye nomzimba we-rostral [50] ye-corpus callosum. Utywala bunxulunyaniswa nokwehla kwe-FA kwi-genu, umzimba kunye ne-splenium ye-corpus callosum [51], [52]. Kutshanje, Bora et al. [53] Kuqwalaselwe ukuncitshiswa kwe-FA kwi-genu kunye ne-isthmus ye-corpus callosum kwizigulana ezixhomekeke ku-opiate. Iziphumo zethu ze-FA ezincitshisiweyo ikakhulu kwi-genu yelizwe kunye nomzimba we-corpus callosum kwizifundo ze-IAD zicebisa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ngamandla, okufanayo nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, kunokonakalisa umba omhlophe we-micostosition ye-corpus callosum.
Xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo, izifundo ze-IAD zikwabonisa ukwehla okungakumbi kwe-FA kumngxunya ongaphandle we-capule yangaphakathi, inqwelomoya yangaphandle, imitha yelanga ye-corona, i-fronto-occipital fasciculus ephantsi kunye ne-precentral gyrus. Kwakhona, ukuxhatshazwa kwemicimbi emhlophe efanayo kuye kwajongwa nakwezinye iindlela zobukhoboka. Umzekelo, ukutshintsha kwemicimbi emhlophe kwilungu elingaphandle lekhukhamba yangaphakathi kunye nengqokelela yangaphandle kuxeliwe kuxinzelelo lotywala [54], [55] kunye nesiyobisi [53]. I-FA iyancipha kumngqimba ongaphandle we-capsule yangaphakathi inokuthi ibonakalise utshintsho kwi-frontal-subcortical circuits. Indlela yomgaqo ibonelela ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwethalamus / striatum kunye nemimandla yecortical yangaphambili kwaye iquka inkqubo edlala indima yomvuzo kunye nokulungiswa kwemvakalelo [56]. I-capsule yangaphandle idibanisa i-cortex ye-ventral kunye ne-medial yangaphambili kwi-striatum. I-corona radiata yenziwe ngemicu emhlophe emhlophe edibanisa ikhonkrithi yangaphakathi kunye nokubonelela ngonxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kwendawo engaphambili, yepharietali, yexeshana kunye ne-lobipital lobes [57]. Ukuthembeka kwemicimbi emhlophe engaqhelekanga kwi-corona radiata ngaphambili ibonwa kwi-cocaine [58]kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-methamphetamine [59], kunye nokuxhomekeka kotywala [54]. I-Fronto-occipital fasciculus ephantsi ye-bundle yombutho odibanisa ngaphambili kunye ne-parietal kunye ne-occipital lobes. Xa kuthelekiswa nabaselayo abancinci, iziselo ezinxilisayo zine-FA ezantsi kulo mmandla [54]. I-gyrus engaqhelekanga yangaphambi kwexesha waxelwa nokuxhomekeka kwe-heroin [43] kunye nentsangu kunye nokusebenzisa kakubi ulutsha [39].
Ngokubanzi, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba i-IAD ine-arhente yemicimbi emhlophe engaqhelekanga kwimimandla yobuchopho ebandakanya ukuveliswa kwemvakalelo kunye nokusebenza, ukunikwa kwengqwalaselo yolawulo, ukwenza izigqibo kunye nolawulo lwengqondo. Iziphumo zikwacebisa ukuba i-IAD inokwabelana ngeendlela zokusebenza kwengqondo kunye ne-neural kunye nezinye iintlobo zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka kokulawulwa kwempembelelo.
Iindlela ezinokubakho zokuncipha kwe-FA
Nangona i-FA ehlisiweyo iyinyani eqinisekisiweyo ye-biomarker yokunyanzeliswa kwemicimbi emhlophe emhlophe, intsingiselo yayo ngqo ye-neurobiological isala iqondwa ngokupheleleyo. I-FA yemicu emhlophe emhlophe / imixokelelwane inokuchaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi kubandakanya i-myelination, ubungakanani be-axon kunye nobunzima, indlela yejiyometri, kunye nendawo engaphandle kwamanzi phakathi kweentsinga [20]. Kolu phononongo, safumanisa ukuba ukuncipha kwe-FA kwingqondo yezifundo ze-IAD kuqhutywa ikakhulu kukunyuka kwesantya sombane, ngaphandle kotshintsho oluninzi olubonakalayo kwi-axial disusivity (3 Table). Oku kwabonakala kuyinyaniso nangenye indlela yokuxhomekeka kwento, efana necocaine [60], [61], opiate[53], kunye ne-methamphetamine yokuxhatshazwa / iziyobisi [62]. Nangona isengumxholo wengxoxo, kuyakholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ukwahluka kwemitha ubukhulu becala ibonisa ukuthembeka kunye nobukhulu beeshizi ze-myelin ezigubungela i-axons [22], ngelixa ukwahluka kwe-axial kunokubonisa umbutho wesakhiwo se-fiber kunye nokunyaniseka kwe-axon[63]. Ukuba oku kucingelwa kuyinyani kwimeko yethu, kunokugqitywa kwelokuba i-FA ecekisiweyo yajonga ubuchopho bezifundo ze-IAD ikakhulu isisibonakaliso sokuphazamiseka ukuthembeka kwe-myelin kwimimandla yobuchopho echaphazelekayo.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-FA kunye neendlela zokuziphatha kwi-IAD
Uvavanyo lokuziphatha kakuhle lubonise ukuba izifundo ze-IAD zazinamanqaku aphezulu kwiiYIAS, SDQ, SCARED kunye FAD, xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo ziyahambelana neziphumo zezifundo zangaphambili ze-neuropsychological kwizifundo ze-IAD [9], [64]. Ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kokunyaniseka komcimbi omhlophe kunye nokuziphatha kukubonelela ngokubalulekileyo kwiindlela ze-neurobiological phantsi kwemiba eyahlukileyo yeempawu zokulutha. Umzekelo, uPfeff)um kunye noogxa [65] uxele uxhulumaniso olululo phakathi kwamaxabiso e-FA kwi-splenium kunye nememori yokusebenza kwii-alcohol ezingenasiphelo. Ukuxhomekeka kwe-cocaine, unxibelelwano olungalunganga olubonakalayo phakathi kwe-FA kwi-anterior corpus callosum kunye nokungafakwa, kunye nolungelelaniso olululo phakathi kwe-FA kunye nokubandlulula kwabonwa. [47]. I-FA kwi-sub-gyral engaphambili ye-heroin yezihloko ezixhomekeke kwisifundo ifunyenwe ihambelana kakubi nexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-heroin [43]. Ukulawulwa kokuqonda okuhlwempuzekileyo kunxulunyaniswa ne-FA esezantsi kwi-genu ye-callusum kwi-methamphetamine abusers [49].
Kolu phando, siphanda ngokuhambelana kokuziphatha kokuncitshiswa kwe-FA kwimimandla yengqondo echaphazelekayo kwizifundo ze-IAD. Ukuncitshiswa kwe-FA kwi-genu yasekhohlo ye-corpus callosum yezifundo ze-IAD zidityaniswe kakhulu ngokunyuswa kwenqaku le-SCARED; Ngelixa amanqaku aphezulu e-YIAS abonakala enxulunyaniswa nemfezeko yemicimbi emhlophe engalunganga kwimfumba yangaphandle yasekhohlo.
I-SCARED yikhweshine yeengxelo ezinokuthenjwa nezisebenzayo ezibonakalisa iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantwana [30]. Izifundo ze-Neuropsychological ziveze ukuba ulutsha lwe-IAD lwalunamanqaku aphezulu e-SCARED kunalawo ngaphandle kwe-IAD [64]. Umanyano olubi phakathi kwamanqaku e-SCARED kunye ne-FA kwi-genus yasekhohlo ye-corpus callosum inokuvela kuphazamiso lonxibelelwano phakathi kwe-cortices zangaphambili zorhwebo ezibandakanyeka kukuphazamiseka kwengxaki. I-YIAS ivavanya inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi okunzima ukuba kube nefuthe elibi ekusebenzeni koluntu kunye nobudlelwane [26]; kwaye sisixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuvavanyeni ukuxhomekeka kwi-Intanethi. Izifundo zangaphambili ze-psychometric zibonise ukuba izifundo ze-IAD zazinamanqaku aphezulu e-YIAS kunalawo ngaphandle kwe-IAD [9]. Ukudibana okungalunganga phakathi kwamanqaku e-YIAS kunye nexabiso le-FA kwikhohlo elingaphandle elingaphezulu libonisa ukuba izifundo ze-IAD ezinamanqaku aphezulu e-YIAS zibonakala zithembekile kumcimbi omhlophe kumgaqo we-fronto-temporali oxhumene ne-capsule yangaphandle.
Ukongeza, ukudibana phakathi kokunyaniseka komba omhlophe kunye nokuziphatha kukubonisa inqaku elijolise kwimo yonyango lwezifundo ze-IAD, ezingqinelanayo neminxeba yakutshanje yokugxila kuphuculo lokuqonda phakathi kwabantu abakhohlakeleyo ababandakanyeka kwizifundo ze-IAD [66], [67]. Izifundo zamva nje zibonise ukuba unyango lomzimba okanye lwekhemesti lunokuphucula ukuthembeka okumhlophe. Umzekelo, uSkhlaug kunye noogxa bakhe baxela ukuba unyango lomzimba lunokunyusa ukuthembeka kwezinto ezimhlophe kwindawo yolwimi oluchanekileyo kunye nokuphucula intetho kwizigulana ezi-aphasic ezinezilonda kwindawo yolwimi lwesobunxele [68]. Ke ngoko, iziphumo zoqhakamshelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kokungabikho kwemeko emhlophe engalunganga kwimimandla ebanzi kunye namanyathelo entlupheko ye-neuropshychological kwizifundo ze-IAD zibonisa ukuba ingqibelelo yemicimbi emhlophe inokusebenza njengokuqikelela ukungavumi okanye ukujolisa ekujongeni i-IAD.
I-TBSS vs. VBM
Uphononongo lwethu lwangaphambili lubonise ukuba kwakungekho nto imhlophe kwi-atrophy kwizifundo ezifanayo ze-cohort IAD [12], kwaye oku kunokubonakala kungangqinelani noko kufunyanisiweyo kolu phando. Ukuxinana kwezinto ezimdaka okanye ezimhlophe ezilinganiswa ne-VBM kuchazwa njengokuxutywa kwezinto ezenziwe ngwevu okanye zimhlophe kwimifanekiso yendawo ehleliweyo (okt. Ubungakanani bezinto ezingwevu okanye ezimhlophe kuzo zonke iintlobo zezitayile ezikummandla), ekungafanele ukuba "zidityaniswe neseli. Ukupakisha uxinano olulinganiswe cytoarrafonically " [69]. Kuluhlalutyo lwe-DTI / TBSS, ixabiso le-FA lisetyenziswa njenge-surrogate ye-organical ingqibelelo yento emhlophe, enokuthi ivele ngezinto ezinje nge-myelination, ubungakanani be-axon kunye noxinano, indlela yejiyometri, kunye nendawo engaphandle kwamanzi phakathi kweentsinga [20]. Ke ngoko, uxinizelelo olususelwa kwi-VBM kunye nengqibelelo yesakhiwo elilinganiswe yi-DTI imele imiba eyahlukeneyo emhlophe. Kunokubakho imimandla yemicimbi emhlophe ebonisa ukungabikho kwe-atrophy yi-VBM, kodwa ichaphazeleka ngendlela ebonakalayo njengoko ichongiwe yimilinganiselo ye-FA (okt, kunjalo kanye kwisifundo sethu se-IAD), ngokuchaseneyo. Ukuthatha iziphumo kwezi zifundo zozibini kunye, kunokugqitywa kwelokuba i-IAD ekukhuleni ayidibananga notshintsho morphological kwinto emhlophe kwinqanaba le-macroscopic, kodwa kunokuba kunjalo ukuthembeka kwemicimbi emhlophe emhlophe, enokuchaphazeleka ngenxa yokudalwa.
Imida yoFundo
Kukho imiqobo eliqela ekufuneka ikhankanyiwe kolu phando. Okokuqala, ukufunyaniswa kwe-IAD ikakhulu yayisekwe kwiziphumo zamaphepha emibuzo azichazayo, anokuthi abangele ukuhlelwa kwempazamo. Ke ngoko, ukufunyaniswa kwe-IAD kufuneka icocwe ngesixhobo esimiselweyo sokuqonda ukuphucula ukuthembakala kunye nokunyaniseka. Okwesibini, nangona siye sazama konke okusemandleni ethu ukungabandakanyi isixhobo se-comorbid kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kuvunywa ukuba oku akunakwenziwa ngokwaneleyo (okt, akukho vavanyo lomchamo wanikwa, imikhwa yokulala kunye neeshedyuli kunye nobuthongo bemihla ngemihla bezingalawulwa kuyilo lovavanyo) , ukuze utshintsho lomcimbi omhlophe uqaphelekile awunakuba uchazwa njenge-IAD kwiseshoni nganye. Kuyakwamkelwa ukuba esi ayisosifundo esilawulwayo sempembelelo zokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kwisakhiwo sobuchopho. Okwesithathu, ubungakanani besampula kolu phando lwaluncinci, olunokunciphisa amandla okubaluleka kunye nokuguqulwa ngokubanzi kwezinto ezifunyenweyo. Ngenxa yesi sithintelo, ezi ziphumo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuqala, ekufuneka ziphindaphindwe kwizifundo ezizayo ngesampulu enkulu. Okokugqibela, njengesifundo esinqamlezayo, iziphumo zethu azibonisi ngokucacileyo ukuba ngaba iimpawu zengqondo zangaphambi kokuphuhliswa kwe-IAD okanye zazisisiphumo sokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-Intanethi. Ke ngoko, izifundo ezizayo kufuneka zizame ukubona ubudlelwane be-causal phakathi kwe-IAD kunye nemilinganiselo yengqondo.
Ukuqukumbela, sisebenzise i-DTI nohlalutyo lwe-TBSS ukuphanda ubume bemicimbi emhlophe phakathi kolutsha lwe-IAD. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-IAD ibonakaliswa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemicu yemicimbi emhlophe eqhagamshela imimandla yobuchopho ebandakanya ukuveliswa kwemvakalelo kunye nokusebenza, ingqwalaselo ephezulu, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nolawulo lwengqondo. Iziphumo ziphinde zicebise ukuba i-IAD inokwabelana ngeendlela zengqondo kunye neendlela zangaphakathi kunye nolunye uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kolawulo lokuphembelela kunye neziyobisi. Ukongeza, ukudibana phakathi kwamaxabiso e-FA kwimicimbi emhlophe kunye neendlela zokuziphatha kubonisa ukuba ingqibelelo yemicimbi emhlophe inokusebenza njengento enokubakho ekujolise kuyo kunyango lwe-IAD, kunye ne-DTI kunokuba luncedo ekuboneleleni ngolwazi malunga ne-IAD, kunye ne-IAD i-biomarker yokuvavanya ukusebenza kokungenelela kwangoko kwe-IAD.
Imibulelo
Sibulela aba bahlaziyi bobabini ngokungaziwa ngenkcazo yabo eyakhayo kunye neengcebiso. Sikwabulela kakhulu abafundi abakwishumi elivisayo kunye neentsapho abaye bathatha inxaxheba ngokuzithandela kolu phando.
Umbhali Wemivuzo
Ndiyayamkela kwaye ndiyile iimvavanyo: I-FL YZ YD JX HL. Benze uvavanyo: YZ LQ ZZ. Uhlalutyo lwedatha: I-FL HL. Amagalelo afunekayo / izixhobo / izixhobo zohlalutyo: YZ YD FL. Bhala iphepha: I-FL HL.
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