I-EMBO Rep. I-2014 Jan 1; 15 (1): 12-6. i-Doi: 10.1002 / emb.201338222.
- IZiko leYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins loLutsha olunetalente (CTY) kwiinkqubo ezikwi-Intanethi nakwi-IT.
- http://embor.embopress.org/content/15/1/12
Nangona 'ukuphazamiseka kweziyobisi kwi-Intanethi' kungaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengengxaki ngabantu abasebenza ngengqondo-khange kufakwe kwiDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder V (DSM-V), epapashwe yiAmerican Psychiatric Association -inombolo eyoyikisayo zabantu zibonisa oko kubonakala ngathi ziimpawu zokulutha kwihlabathi ledijithali. Abantu abancinci babonakala besemngciphekweni omkhulu, kunye nezifundo zamatyala eziqaqambisa abafundi abaqhuba kakuhle kwizifundo zabo njengoko bechitha ixesha elininzi kwi-Intanethi. Abanye banengxaki yeziphumo zokuphulukana nobuthongo, njengoko behlala kamva nasemva bencokola kwi-Intanethi, jonga uhlaziyo lwenethiwekhi yoluntu okanye ukufikelela kwinqanaba lomdlalo elilandelayo.
Zininzi iimeko ezibi ezibambe iintloko kwaye zonyusa inkxalabo yoluntu malunga nokusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo kwe-Intanethi. Isibini esitshatileyo saseKorea, umzekelo, sichithe ixesha elininzi sikhulisa intombazana ebonakalayo kwi-Intanethi kangangokuba bayityeshela eyabo intombi, ethe ekugqibeleni yafa. E-China, abafundi ababini abavela eChongqinq ababedlala umdlalo okwi-intanethi kangangeentsuku ezi-2 ngqo badlula kumgaqo kaloliwe babulawa ngololiwe owayesiza. Ngelixa kukuzingca ukugxeka 'ubukhoboka be-Intanethi' kwezi ntlekele-abantu abancinci ababandakanyekayo banokuba babenazo ezinye izifo ezakhokelela kwiziphumo ezimbi-iimeko ngokuqinisekileyo zitsalela kwicala elibi lokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi.
Ukubeka okomzuzwana impikiswano malunga nokuba iingxaki ezinje kufuneka zibhalwe njenge- 'Internet addiction disorder', uphando kwezi ndlela zokuziphatha lukhule ngokubonakalayo ukusukela phakathi ‐ 1990s, ngakumbi ngamatyala amaninzi abafundi beekholeji abaye baqwalaselwa eyunivesithi. iingcali zempilo. Ngaphandle 'kokukhotyokiswa yi-Intanethi', amagama anje ngokuthi 'ukusetyenziswa kwengxaki ye-Intanethi', 'ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi', 'ukuxhomekeka kwi-Intanethi', 'ukusetyenziswa kwengqondo kwe-Intanethi', kunye 'nokusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo kwe-Intanethi' kucetyisiwe njengeendlela zokuchaza ezi ndlela zokuziphatha. Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuqesha 'umlutha we-Intanethi' kuba usetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando, kodwa ndiza kubuyela kumbuzo weencwadi.
Uxhaphake kangakanani umlutha we-Intanethi phakathi kwabafundi? Izifundo kumazwe ahlukeneyo zivelise uqikelelo olwahluke ngokupheleleyo: Uphononongo e-Itali, umzekelo, wafumana imeko ezisezantsi kakhulu (0.8%) [1], ngelixa ukwanda okuphezulu njenge-18% kuxeliwe e-UK [2]. Uhlalutyo lwakutsha nje olungaphaya kwe-103 yezifundo zenzekileyo lwafumanisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-12% yabafundi abangamadoda kunye ne-5% yabafundi ababhinqileyo eChina babonakalise iimpawu zokulutha kwi-Intanethi [3]. Ulutha lwe-Intanethi luxhaphake ngakumbi kunakwizifundo zeyunivesithi apho iilaptops kunye neelebhu zekhompyuter zifikeleleka ngokulula; iyabonakala nakwizikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo nakwabafundi abakumabanga aphakathi. Uphononongo olude olude lwabafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo zaseHong Kong baxela amazinga okunyuka okuphezulu njenge26.7% [4].
Ulutha lwe-Intanethi luxhaphake ngakumbi kunakwizifundo zeyunivesithi apho iilaptops kunye neelebhu zekhompyuter zifikeleleka ngokulula; iyabonakala nakwizikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo nakwabafundi abakumabanga aphakathi
Umceli mngeni omkhulu ekuqondeni kwethu la manqanaba okuxhaphaka kukuba zininzi izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya indlela yokuziphatha [5]. Uninzi lwabaphandi baqala ukusondela kwikhoboka le-Intanethi besebenzisa iindlela zokuvavanywa klinikhi ezixhomekeke kwi-self self ‐ ingxelo yemibuzo eyenzelwe ukwahlula izifundo zezifo zengqondo kubantu abaqhelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwakwangoko luboniswe kwiikhrayitheriya zokuvavanya ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, umzekelo, kubandakanya iindlela ezinje zokunyamezelana, iimpawu zokurhoxa, ukusetyenziswa kwento ngesixa esikhulu kwithuba elide kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe, umnqweno oqhubekayo wento, kunye neziphumo ezibi. Ukuguqula ezi zinto zibe ziimpawu ezinokuthi zahlukanise abakhobisi be-Intanethi ngokufaka 'i-intanethi' yegama 'lento kukhokelela kwinto engentle. Umzekelo, enye inzame yakuqala ichaze ukunyamezelwa njengemfuneko yokunyuka kwamaxesha kwi-Intanethi ukufezekisa ulwaneliseko, kunye "nokuncitshiswa okuphambili kokuqhubeka kwexesha elifanayo kwi-Intanethi" (http://www.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/Netzdienste/anleitung/wwwtips/8/addict.html).
Olunye uphando lutsala kwiimpawu zongcakazo lwe-pathological, ngoku olubizwa ngokuba 'kukungcakaza kwengxaki' kwiDSM-V, ekwafana nokuziphatha esikubonayo kubafundi ababonisa ingxaki ekusebenziseni i-Intanethi. Kwakhona, uphando luhlala lutshintsha amagama athi 'ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi' 'kungcakazo'. Iphepha lemibuzo loLutsha lokuchonga isifo, umzekelo, iqulethe ii- ewe okanye ‐ akukho zinto zitsalwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukungcakaza okungapheliyo. Omnye umbuzo ubuza: “Ngaba uziva ungonwabanga, udakumbile, unomsindo okanye ucaphukile xa uzama ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi?” Omnye ubuza ukuba, "ukhe waxoka kumalungu osapho, kwi-Therapist, okanye kwabanye ukufihla ubungakanani be-Intanethi?" Olu phando lwaye lwandiswa kamva lwaya kwiphepha lemibuzo le-20, elibizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-Intanethi lweOnline (IAT) ngenqanaba lamanqaku amahlanu ukuze izifundo zibonise ubungakanani bokwenza kwabo isimilo esibonisa ukuba likhoboka. Kuninzi lophando, abaphandi baseke amanqaku okusika ukuze bahlule abaphenduli njengabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo be-Intanethi, okanye njengomlutha kwinqanaba elithile.
Ngamaqhekeza amaninzi ahlukeneyo endaweni-kungekuphela nje zokuchonga iimpawu ezahlukileyo, kodwa kunye nokulungelelanisa olu phononongo kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo-ayimangalisi into yokuba amazinga okuxhaphaka ayahluka kakhulu. Umntu omnye unokuhlelwa njengomlutha kwisifundo esinye kwaye siqhelekileyo kwesinye, kuxhomekeka kuvavanyo olusetyenzisiweyo.
Enye ingxaki kukuba uninzi lwemibuzo iye iphelelwe kwaye ilahlekile ngandlela yimbi ngenxa yokunyuka kokunxibelelana kwe24 / 7. Umzekelo, umbuzo okwi-IAT ubuza: "Kukangaphi usakha ubudlelwane obutsha kunye nabanye abasebenzisi be-Intanethi?" Umntu unokuphikisa ukuba ukuphendula 'ngokufuthi' kunokubonisa ubomi obuphilayo 'bunyanzelekanga' apho umfundi asandisa khona uthungelwano lwabahlobo kunye nabaqhelileyo ngokusebenzisa imidiya yoluntu. Iidyunivesithi ezininzi zikhuthaza olu hlobo lokunxibelelana ukuba zakhe ubudlelwane phakathi kwabafundi abangenayo kwaye zibancede ukuba baphephe isizungu. 'Ukuxilongwa' kwesiyobisi se-Intanethi kungachaphazeleka ngendlela ephosakeleyo ngokusetyenziswa koluntu okanye ngobuchule ukusebenzisa ixesha elichithwe kwi-intanethi.
I-Intanethi ayisayonto into esingena kuyo ngenxa yexesha elithile, sihleli phambi kwekhompyuter
Uphando oluninzi luzama ukuvavanya ukuba likhoboka ngokusebenzisa nje ixesha elichithwe kwi-Intanethi, kodwa abafundi baqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi ngalo lonke ixesha ngoku, mhlawumbi nge-Wi ‐ Fi okanye iimvumelwano zeeselfowuni. Abafundi bathembela kakhulu kwi-Intanethi ukufunda, ukufunda iindaba, ukunxibelelana nokuzonwabisa. Benza imidlalo emininzi njengoko bebukele umdlalo webhola okanye (ngelishwa) beya eklasini. Bukela umabonakude, 'banokubaninzi' kunye ne-tweet kubahlobo babo malunga nomdlalo banokubukela kuwo onke amagumbi abo okanye kumagumbi abo. Kwaye ngeNetflix, Hulu, kunye nezinye i-Intanethi ‐ esekwe ‐ ukufuna ukuzonwabisa, banokuba kwi-intanethi ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. I-Intanethi ayisayonto into esingena kuyo ngenxa yexesha elithile, sihleli phambi kwekhompyuter.
Akuthandabuzeki ukuba ulutsha lwe-21st lwenkulungwane luye lwaxhomekeka kakhulu kunxibelelwano ngokufunda, ukudlala, ukunxibelelana, kunye noluntu
Ibala eliqaqambileyo lomzimba okhulayo wophando oxhomekeke kwezi zixhobo zokulinganisa ezahlukeneyo kukuba ubuncinci bemilinganiselo bayigxininisa ibonakala ngathi iyaguquka. Uhlolisiso lwezixhobo ezilishumi elinine zifumanise ukuba uninzi lwazo lunobunzima obukhulu Iziphumo ezingalunganga kwaye ukusetyenziswa okunganyanzelekanga njengeempawu eziphambili zokuchonga umlutha we-Intanethi [6]. Olu gxininiso alufane lubonelele ngamanqaku aphezulu kubafundi banamhlanje abakwi-intanethi uninzi lwemini kwaye abaxhomekeke kwimidiya yoluntu ukugcina nokwandisa uthungelwano lobuhlobo. Endaweni yoko, uphando olwenziweyo luya kuchonga abantu abafumana iziphumo ezibi, okanye abafuna ukuphuma 'kwigridi' kodwa abakwazi ukuzilawula. Ukudityaniswa kwemilinganiselo kukwabonisa ukuba kukho isivumelwano esandayo malunga nenkcazo yokuphazamiseka kweziyobisi kwi-Intanethi kunye nokuqonda okucacileyo kweempawu zayo ezibalulekileyo. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ulutsha lwenkulungwane yama-21 luxhomekeke kakhulu kunxibelelwano lokufunda, ukudlala, ukunxibelelana nokunxibelelana nabanye. Sonke sinayo. Kodwa kuyimpazamo ukulahla oku njengokulutha, kwaye ugxininiso kwiziphumo ezibi kunye nokusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo ke ngoko kuluncedo (Itheyibhile 1).
Zeziphi izinto ezinobungozi ezinxulunyaniswa nokulutha kwi-Intanethi kwabafundi? Ukuba yindoda yenye, njengoko uninzi lwezifundo lufumana inqanaba eliphezulu phakathi kwabakwishumi elivisayo kunye nabasetyhini abadala xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini. Ukuzithemba okuphantsi kubonakala rhoqo, kunye noxinzelelo, ubutshaba kunye nokungazinzi ngokweemvakalelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abachongwe njengamakhoboka e-Intanethi babonisa iimeko ezihlekisayo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo, iimpawu zokunyanzelwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala. Akucaci ukuba ezi zinto zinxulunyaniswa njani nezizathu kunye nefuthe. Umzekelo, ukungalawulwa gwenxa kunokukhokelela ekusebenziseni ingxaki kwi-Intanethi kunye notywala okanye iziyobisi. Uxinzelelo kunye nokuzithemba okuphantsi kunokukhokelela abafundi ukuba babalekele kwihlabathi lamaphupha akwi-Intanethi, apho banolawulo olungaphezulu kwesazisi sabo kwaye banokwenza izinto zabo ezifanelekileyo. Uxinzelelo kunye nokuzithemba okuphantsi kunokuba sisiphumo sokungakwazi ukulawula imisebenzi yakho ekwi-intanethi, okanye zombini. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi zinto zahlukeneyo kunokwenzeka ukuba bube nzima kwaye bukhokele kwicala elinye.
Izifundo zaphambi kophando eziphanda ngendlela umsebenzi we-neural kunye ne-chemistry enxibelelana ngayo nomlutha we-Intanethi ingxelo yeziphumo ezininzi ezinomdla. Umzekelo, abasebenzisi abanyanzelekileyo be-Intanethi babonisa iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi kwimimandla yengqondo ethe yanyanzeliswa kumvuzo nasekuqhubekeni kweemvakalelo. Babonisa ukwehla kwethamo lempunga lempunga kwimimandla eliqela [7]. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kwimibono esebenzayo ye-magnetic resonance zicebisa ukuba ulutsha olunomlutha we-Intanethi luye lwehla unxibelelwano olusebenza kwengqondo [8]. I-Anatomically, olunye uphononongo lufumene ukunciphisa ukuqina kwe-cortical kwingingqi ye-orbitofrontal phakathi kwabafana abafunyaniswa benomlutha we-Intanethi ngokuthelekiswa nabantwana abaqhelekileyo [9]. Iindidi zokwahluka kwimisebenzi yobuchopho kunye ne-neurochemistry zilungelelanisa nokwahluka okufanayo okuye kwafunyanwa phakathi kwabantu abanamakhoboka amachiza kunye nolawulo olusempilweni. Iipateni ezifanayo ziyavela nakubantu abanengxaki yokungcakaza, esisesinye sezizathu zokuba ingxaki yokungcakaza iqokelelwe phantsi kwesihloko esithi 'Iziyobisi ezinxulumene noko kunye neAddictive Disorder' kwiDSM-V. Kuyalingwa ukucinga ukuba oko kubizwa ngokuba 'kukuziphatha gwenxa' kwabelana ngeendlela zokusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka okubandakanya izinto. Ukuba ezi zinto zihambelanayo ziyaqinisekiswa, isimilo sokuziphatha kunokuba yimodeli engcono yokuqonda isimilo sokuziphatha xa kuthelekiswa neziyobisi, kuba azibandakanyi iikhemikhali eziyityhefu ezibangela iziphumo zazo kwingqondo nakwindlela yokuziphatha.
Njengoko zinikwa zonke ezi zinto ziyakhubekisa, ngaba 'ukuphazamiseka kweziyobisi kwi-Intanethi' ligama elifanelekileyo? Nokuba isasetyenziswa ngoku, abanye bathi iyalahlekisa kwaye kufanele ishiywe [10]. Omnye wemiceli mngeni wokuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi enengxaki kukuba umnatha ubonelela ngemisebenzi emininzi, kunye nendalo ngokwayo kunye neetekhnoloji zayo eziphantsi kolawulo zihlala zitshintsha kwaye zikhula. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu ababonakala bengamakhoboka eInternet, bangamakhoboka enye into — umzekelo, ukungcakaza, kwaye basebenzisa nje umnatha njengesixhobo sokuhambisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, imisebenzi ekwi-Intanethi inokufumaneka ngaphandle kweintanethi, kodwa yenzeke ngokwahlukileyo kwihlabathi le-Intanethi apho ukhuseleko lomgama ngokomzimba kunye nokuqonda kokungaziwa kubaluleke kakhulu. I-cybersex kunye ne-cyberbullying yimizekelo. Uhlobo lwendawo ezininzi ezikwi-Intanethi zikhokelela ngokulula kwindlela yokuziphatha e-disinhibic.
Igama 'umlutha we-Intanethi' lisenokuba lalinengqondo kwii-1990s, xa abasebenzisi be-Intanethi bebembalwa kwaye ukhetho lwabo lwalunqunyelwe ikakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwe-surf, i-imeyile, iiforamu zengxoxo kunye namaqela e-Usenet, imidlalo embalwa, kunye nemilinganiselo yabasebenzisi text esekwe 'kwimilinganiselo emininzi' '(Ii-MUDs). Emva koko, abantu baye 'kwi-intanethi' ngokutsala inombolo yefowuni kunye nokuqhagamshela ikhompyuter yabo kwimodem. I-Facebook ayizange ibekho, kwaye akubangakho namnye wabadlali abadlala indima enkulu kwi-intanethi yokudlala imidlalo (ii-MMORPGs) nezigidi zabasebenzisi kunye nemizobo yokuphefumla ye-3D. Iifowuni eziphathwayo zazibiza imali eninzi kwaye zingabanzi, ngakumbi ingekho phakathi kwabafundi.
Ngoku, sibona ukusetyenziswa kweengxaki kwe-Intanethi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. I-plethora yendawo e-intanethi ibonelela ngamava amaninzi ukusuka kwimo yengqondo, nganye ineempawu ezinyanzelayo ezinokukhokelela ekuziphatheni kwengxaki [11]. Abaxhamli banokuzifumana bechitha ixesha elininzi kunoko bebefuna kuFacebook, ngokunyanzelwa ukuba bajonge kuyo yonke imizuzu eli-15 ukubona ukuba zingaphi 'izinto abazithandayo' kwisithuba sabo samva nje abasifumeneyo. Kubantu abane-narcissistic bent, i-Facebook kunye ne-Twitter banokuba lixesha le-cavernous sinks njengoko besoloko besandisa indawo yabo ngeefoto ze-'selfie 'kunye nezimvo, kwaye bezimisele ukwandisa ababukeli babo abakhulayo. Ukuxhalaba ekuhlaleni nako kunokuba ngumqhubi wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-Intanethi. Uloyiko lokulahleka- 'I-FOMO'-inokuba sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba abanye abafundi bajonge imithombo yeendaba zentlalo izihlandlo ezininzi, imini nobusuku. Ewe, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-Facebook kuhlala kunciphisa iimvakalelo zokuba kulutsha olufikisayo, kunokuba kubenze bazive benxibelelana ngakumbi kwaye bangabi naxhala ekuhlaleni [12].
Kubantu abane-narcissistic bent, i-Facebook kunye ne-Twitter banokuba lixesha lokuntywila njengoko bahlala besandisa indawo yabo ngeefoto ze-'selfie' kunye nezimvo
Ukudlala ngomnye umcimbi ophambili kubantu abancinci abanamanqaku aphezulu kuvavanyo lwekhompyutha. Ngapha koko, ngelixa i-DSM ‐ V ibingabandakanyi 'i-intanethi yokulutha', yongeza 'ukungaphatheki kwemidlalo kwi-Intanethi' njengemeko yesidingo sokuqhubeka nokufunda kwiCandelo lesithathu. Uninzi lwezifundo ezizama ukuqikelela ukwanda kunye nokuchonga ulungelelwaniso lweziyobisi kwi-Intanethi zinokuthi zichaze ichibi labantu abaphethwe ngabadlali abagxilwayo, abanokuthi iimpawu zabo zahluke ngokupheleleyo, umzekelo, ii-narcissists ku-Facebook. Izifundo eziphanda ngakumbi i-gamers ezinyanzelekileyo zifumana ulungelelwaniso olufana nesizungu, ukuzithemba okuphantsi, ubukhali, intiyo, kunye neemvakalelo ‐ Ukufuna [13]. Uninzi lwabafana abachongwe njengabanobungozi kwi-Intanethi kwizifundo ezivavanya imisebenzi yengqondo yayilapho ngenxa yokudlala.
Imidlalo iza kwiindidi ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, kwaye abantu ababa likhoboka olunye lomdlalo banokuba neempawu ezahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa nabadlala enye ngokunyanzelwa. Eminye imidlalo igxininisa imivuzo yoluntu kunokuba ubukrakra, ukhuphiswano kunye nokubetheka. Ukudlala iFamaville nabahlobo bakaFacebook, umzekelo, kubandakanya izipho ezininzi ‐ ukunika kunye nokusebenzisana; Izenzo ezinceda ukugcina ubudlelwane boluntu. Abantu badlala indima yokuba ngumlinganiso obizwa ngokuba yiBomi besiBini ngakumbi ngenxa yezizathu zentlalo. Ibinzana elithi 'ukuphazamiseka kwemidlalo kwi-Intanethi' linokongeza ukudideka kuba abantu badlala imidlalo kwizixhobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, okanye ngaphandle kokunxibelelana kwenethiwekhi.
Umsebenzi wesithathu kwi-intanethi onokuthi udityaniswe liqela phantsi konxibelelwano lwe-Intanethi ubandakanya iifowuni eziphathwayo: igama elithi 'umlutha wefowuni' ngamanye amaxesha lisetyenziswa ukwahlula into. Uninzi kuphando lwendabuko lokuvavanya ubukhoboka be-Intanethi abukhupheli ukusetyenziswa kwefowuni okuneengxaki, ngenxa yoko iimvavanyo ezintsha ziyavela ngezinto ezinjengokuthi "Ukusebenzisa ifowuni yam ngobusuku buchaphazela ubuthongo bam", okanye "Ndizama ukufihla ukusetyenziswa kwam kwefowuni" . Iifowuni eziphathwayo, ewe, zibonelela ukufikelela phantse kuyo nayiphi na imeko ye-Intanethi kunye nezwi kunye neefowuni zevidiyo, umyalezo ngefowuni, ukurekhodwa kwevidiyo, kunye namawakawaka eenkqubo zokuzibandakanya ezingapheliyo eziyilelwe izikrini ezincinci. Ukongeza, zongeza ubukhulu bomgangatho ngenxa yokuba zihlala zifumaneka, ngokungafani ne-desktop okanye ikhompyuter.
Abafundi basebenzisa iifowuni eziphathwayo xa besiya eklasini, bekhwela ibhasi, okanye belinde i-lifti. La 'maxesha amancinci amancinci' apho abantu banokubandakanya khona engqondweni ‐ uluhlu oluninzi lwezinto ezenziwayo kwi-intanethi bezingafumaneki ngaphambili. Esi isenokuba sisibonelelo esikhulu kubahlohli ootitshala abanomdla wokufunda ekufundeni ngomzimba ukuphucula iziphumo zokufunda zabafundi. Kodwa ukutshekishwa kwe-smartphone engaphazamisiyo kunokuphazamisana nobuso ‐ ukuya ‐ ubudlelwane bobuso kunye nokonakalisa ukusebenza kwezemfundo.
Uphando malunga nokusebenzisa ifowuni enengxaki lunomda, kodwa into ngokuqinisekileyo etsala umdla. Uphononongo lwabafazi baseyunivesithi yaseTaiwan, umzekelo, bafumanise ukuba abafundi abafumene amanqaku aphezulu kuvavanyo lweselfowuni babonisa ubuntu obunxunguphalo kunye noxinzelelo, kunye nokuzithoba kokuzithemba [14]. Abasetyhini babonakala bechaphazeleka ekusetyenzisweni kwefowuni egqithisileyo kunamadoda.
Into ephambili yeefowuni eziphathwayo ezinokuba sisithako esibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ezikhuthaza ukusebenza ngengxaki kubandakanya ukuthumela imiyalezo, nokuba kuzimeleyo okanye kusetyenzwe nge-Twitter kunye neenkonzo ezifanayo. Iziphumo zakutsha nje zokuvota zibonisa ukuba ulutsha luqala ukuyishiya i-Facebook, ngakumbi njengabazali nootatomkhulu noomakhulu benza iiakhawunti kwaye bacela ukuba 'ngabahlobo', kwaye endaweni yoko baya ku-Twitter [15]. Le meko iyakhula kwaye iyatshintsha ngokunjalo, ngokongezwa kweenkonzo okutsha nje njengeVine, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze iividiyo ezi-‐ yesibini ukuba babelane nabalandeli.
Imeko ezingqongileyo ze-Intanethi ezihlala zizizo zokuqala zokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukuba zinamathele ngokusemandleni. Umzekelo, iinkampani zomdlalo we-intanethi ziqesha izazinzulu zedatha ukuba zichaze 'idatha enkulu' eqokelelweyo, njengoko izigidi zabadlali zingena ukuze zibulale izilo, zithenge iimpahla ezizizo okanye zidibane nezinye ii-avatar. Unxibelelwano lwasimahla lwasentlalweni lubeka nezixhobo ezibonakalayo ekunamatheni ngenxa yokuba iimodeli zabo zeshishini zixhomekeke kwisakhiwo esikhulayo sedata kwindlela yokuziphatha yomsebenzisi ukuze babelane nabakhangisi kwintengiso ekujoliswe kuyo.
Nokuba ziphi na iilebhile ezisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukusetyenziswa kwengxaki ye-Intanethi, kucacile ukuba inkxalabo iyanda. Ootitshala beDyunivesithi nabasebenzi bezempilo banononophelo ngakumbi kwindlela abafundi abalisebenzisa ngayo ixesha labo kwi-Intanethi, kwaye abazali abaphoxekileyo bafuna uncedo lweengcali. Amaziko onyango avula kwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela kubandakanya e-China, eMzantsi Korea, eTaiwan, e-USA, eNetherlands nase-UK. Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka, zisuka kwimo yengqondo yokuziphatha kunye nengcebiso kusetyenziso lwamachiza aqhele ukusetyenziswa ukunyanga iimeko ezifana ne-ADHD okanye uxinzelelo [16]. Umsebenzi wokubeka iliso usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuba uninzi lwabaguli bazibandakanya kwihlabathi abalithandayo kwi-intanethi ixesha elide kakhulu kunokuba beqonda, njengoko baphuhlisa 'ukuhamba' kunye nexesha libhabha ngalo. Iiwotshi ezivukayo kunye nokusetwa kweenjongo ezithile zokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi nako kwizixhobo ezithembisayo. Njengoko kuqhubeka unyango, iindlela zokunxibelelanisa ulawulo oluphuculweyo kusetyenziso lwe-Intanethi ukuya nokuzithemba okukhulu ziyasetyenziswa. Ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, abagqirha baxhomekeke kubuchule obusetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye iziyobisi ngenxa yokunqongophala kwesiseko esiqinileyo sonyango sokunyanga 'iziyobisi kwi-Intanethi' ngomntu ngamnye [17].
Isantya sokutshintsha kwi-Intanethi sinokukhawuleza kakhulu kwiintlobo zovavanyo lwezonyango olulawulwayo olunokuthi lusebenze ngokunyanga ezinye iingxaki. Kodwa oosomashishini abaphezulu bethekhinoloji banokuthi bangene ekuboneleleni ngezixhobo ezitsha. Enye yefowuni yefowuni, umzekelo, ibonelela ngokubek 'esweni into ebizwa ngokuba' yi-nomophobia'-uloyiko lokuba ngaphandle kwefowuni yokunxibelelana nefowuni (Igama lithathwe kwiNombolo ye-MObile). Uhlelo lokusebenza lubonisa izibalo kunye neetshathi ezibonisa ukuba lingakanani ixesha elingapheliyo phakathi kokujonga ngakunye kwesikrini sakho se-smartphone.
Ootitshala beDyunivesithi nabasebenzi bezempilo banononophelo ngakumbi kwindlela abafundi abalisebenzisa ngayo ixesha labo kwi-Intanethi, kwaye abazali abaphoxekileyo bafuna uncedo lweengcali
Ngonxibelelwano oluxhaphakileyo, kwaye kuthanda ukusebenza kwe-intanethi kuhlala kuvela, abantu abancinci bachitha ixesha elininzi kwi-intanethi-ukufunda, ukufunda, ukunxibelelana, ukudala kunye nokuzonwabisa. Ngokuqinisekileyo eso ayisiyongxaki, kodwa ngenxa yenani elincinci isenokuba kukuthambeka okutyibilikayo xa kudityaniswa nokuguquguquka kwengqondo kunye nokusingqongileyo okunyusa umngcipheko wokuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo. Kuyafana nokungcakaza, iindawo ezininzi ezikwi-intanethi zibonelela ngeempawu ezizodwa nezinyanzelekileyo ezikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye kungakhokelela kwiimpawu zokuziphatha kakubi. Umyinge oguqukayo, ishedyuli yokuqinisa eyenzelwe ukuba ibe ngoomatshini be-slot igcina umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu kwaye oqhubekayo wokuphendula, kwaye uninzi lweendawo ezi-intanethi zenza into enye. Umzekelo, olo hlobo lweshedyuli yomvuzo sisizathu esinye sokuba abantu abatsha bajonge ii-smartphones zabo rhoqo ukuze zihlaziye isimo okanye imiyalezo emitsha. 'I-Internet addiction' isenokungabi lelona xesha lichanekileyo, kodwa iingxaki ziyinyani kwaye abo bafundi bangakwaziyo ukulawula imisebenzi yabo kwi-Intanethi, amabakala abo ayehla kwaye ubudlelwane babo nabahlobo kunye nosapho bumuncu, ngokuqinisekileyo bafuna uncedo.
Imihlathi
Umbhali uxela ukuba akanangxabano yemidla.
- © 2014 Umbhali
Ucaphulo
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