(L) I-Dopamine yenza ukuba ube ngumlutha wokufuna ulwazi (2009)

Ngaba uvakalelwa ukuba unomlutha we-imeyili okanye i-twitter okanye ukuthumela imiyalezo? Ngaba ufumanisa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukungahoyi i-imeyile yakho xa ubona ukuba kukho imilayezo ebhokisini lakho lebhokisi? Ngaba uye waya ku-Google ukuba ukhangele ezinye iinkcukacha kunye nemizuzu ye-30 kamva uyazi ukuba ufunde kwaye udibanisa, kwaye ukhangele ixesha elide, kwaye ngoku ufuna into ehluke ngokupheleleyo kunaphambili? Le yonke imimiselo yenkqubo yakho ye-dopamine emsebenzini.

Faka i-dopamine - Neuro ososayensi baye bafunda oko bakubiza ngokuba yi-dopamine system kwithuba elithile. I-Dopamine "yafunyanwa" kwi-1958 nguArvid Carlsson kunye no-Nils-Ake Hillarp kwiSizwe seNkanuko yeSweden. I-Dopamine idalwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho kwaye ibaluleke kuzo zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi yengqondo, kuquka ukucinga, ukuhamba, ukulala, ukukhathazeka, ukukhathalela, kunye nokukhuthaza, ukufuna nokuvuza.

Inkolelo - Usenokuba uvile ukuba i-dopamine ilawula iinkqubo "zokuzonwabisa" zengqondo: ukuba i-dopamine yenza ube nemihlali, uvuyo, kwaye ngoko kukukhuthaza ukuba ufune iimpawu ezithile, ezifana nokutya, isondo kunye neziyobisi.

Konke ngokufuna - Uphando olutsha, nangona lushintsha lo mbono. Esikhundleni se-dopamine esenza sibe nolonwabo, uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba i-dopamine ibangela ukuziphatha okufunayo. I-Dopamine ibangela ukuba sifune, sifune, sifune, kwaye sifune. Iyakwandisa izinga lethu elivakalayo lokuvusa kunye nokuziphatha kwethu okujoliswe kuko. (Kusuka kwinqanaba lokuma lokuziphendukela kwemvelo le nto ibalulekileyo. I-dopamine yokufuna inkqubo isishukumisela ukuba sihambe kwihlabathi lethu, sifunde, size sisinde). Akukhona nje ngeemfuno zomzimba ezifana nokutya, okanye ngesondo, kodwa kunye neengcamango ezingabonakaliyo. I-Dopamine isenza sibe nolwazi malunga neengcamango kunye namafutha ekufuneni ulwazi. Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba yinkqubo ye-opioid (eyahlukileyo kwi-dopamine) eyenza sizive sivuya.

Ukufuna ukulwa nokuthanda - Ngokutsho kweKent Berridge, ezi zimbini iinkqubo, "ukufunwa" (i-dopamine) kunye "nokuthanda" (i-opioid) ziyancedisa. Inkqubo efunayo iyasishukumisela kwisenzo kwaye inkqubo ethandayo yenza sikwanelise kwaye ke simise ukufunwa kwethu. Ukuba ukufunwa kwethu akupheli ubuncinane kwithuba elincinci, ke siqala ukuqhuba kwindawo engapheliyo. Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-dopamine inamandla kuneyo-opioid system. Sifuna okungakumbi kunokuba sinelisekile (emva kokuziphendukela kwemvelo ... ukufuna kunokwenzeka ukuba sihlale siphila kunokuhlala ejikelezileyo).

I-dopamine yenziwe i-loop - Nge-intanethi, i-twitter, kunye nokuthumela imiyalezo ngoku sinokuthotywa ngokukhawuleza kwesifiso sethu sokufuna. Ngaba ufuna ukuthetha nomntu kwangoko? Thumela umbhalo kwaye baphendule ngemizuzwana embalwa. Ngaba ufuna ukujonga ezinye iinkcukacha? Mane ulifake kwiGoogle. Yintoni ekubonayo ukuba ngabahlobo bakho bafikelela kuphi? Yiya ku-twitter okanye kwi-facebook. Sifumana i-dopamine eyongelelanisa i-dopamine ... i-dopamine iqalisa ukufuna, ngoko siyafumana umvuzo ngenxa yokufuna oko kusenza sifune ngaphezulu. Kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuyeka ukukhangela i-imeyili, ukuyeka ukuthumela imiyalezo, uyeka ukujonga iifowuni zethu ukubona ukuba sinomyalezo okanye itekisi entsha.

Ukulindela kungcono kunokufumana - Uphando lwebhondi lubonisa ukuba ubuchopho bethu bubonisa ukukhuthazwa kunye nomsebenzi xa senza i-ANTICIPATE umvuzo kunokuba sifumana enye. Uphando malunga neengcongolo lubonisa ukuba ukuba unokutshabalalisa i-dopamine neurons, iifos zihamba, zihlafuna kwaye ziginye, kodwa ziza kufa yindlala nangona ukutya kulungile. Baye balahlekelwa ngumnqweno wokuhamba ukutya.

Ngaphezu, ngaphezulu, ngaphezulu - Nangona ukufunwa nokuthandana kunxulumene, uphando lubonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-dopamine ayinayo i-satiety eyakhelwe kuyo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba inkqubo ye-dopamine iqhubeke isithi "ngakumbi ngaphezulu", sifuna nangona sifumane ulwazi. Ngelo thulo le-google siyazi ukuba sinempendulo kumbuzo esiwucacile ekuqaleni, kodwa kunjalo sifumana sifuna ulwazi oluninzi kunye nangaphezulu.

Ingqiqweni ingundoqo - I-Dopamine iphinde ikhuthazwe ngokungabi naso. Xa kwenzeka into engabonakaliyo, ivuselela i-dopamine system. Cinga ngalezi zixhobo zobuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo. Ii-imeyile zethu kunye neetekisi kunye neetekisi zibonisa, kodwa asizi kakuhle ukuba ziza kubani na okanye ziya kubaphi. Akuqinisekanga. Yiyo kanye eyakhayo inkqubo ye-dopamine. Yile nkqubo efanayo emsebenzini wokugembula kunye noomatshini bendawo. (Kwabafundi bafunda le "zikolo zakudala" zengqondo, unakho ukukhumbula "iishedyuli zokuqiniswa ngokungafaniyo." I-Dopamine ibandakanyeke kwiishedyuli zokuqiniswa ngokungafaniyo.

Xa uva "i-ding" yokuba unombhalo - Inkqubo ye-dopamine iyayikhathalela ngokukhethekileyo "iingongoma" ukuba umvuzo uza. Ukuba kukho umncinci omncinci, obonisa ukuba into eyenzekayo, leyo isisusa inkqubo yethu ye-dopamine. Ngoko xa kukho isandi xa umyalezo wesicatshulwa okanye i-imeyli ifika, okanye i-cue visual, ephucula impembelelo yokulutha (ngenxa yeengcali zengqondo ngaphandle apho: khumbula iPavlov).

Abalinganiswa be-140 banomlutha ngakumbi - I-system ye-dopamine ivuselelwe ngamandla xa ulwazi oluzayo lincinci ukuze lugcwalise ngokupheleleyo. Umbhalo omfutshane okanye i-twitter (inokuba yi-140 kuphela!) Ifanelekile ukuba ithumele indlela yethu yokutsalwa kwe-dopamine.

Ngaphandle kweendleko - Ukuvuselelwa rhoqo kwenkqubo ye-dopamine kunokunzima. Sifakwa kwi-dopamine loop engapheliyo.

Bhala ingxelo kwaye wabelane ingaba ubanjwe kule milo ye-dopamine kwaye nokuba ucinga ukuba sifanele sisebenzise oko sikuyazi malunga nale nkqubo ukudala amacebo kunye newebhsayithi ezikhuthaza.

Kwaye abo bathanda uphando:

UKen C. Berridge noTerry E. Robinson, Iyintoni indima ye-dopamine kwimbuyekezo: impembelelo ye-hedonic, ukufunda umvuzo okanye ukukhuthaza umvuzo :: Iingxelo zoPhando lweBongo, 28, 1998. 309-369.