Ukuba abo babekade bengamakhoboka banokulibala ezinye zonxulumano lwabo lwangaphambili kunye nexesha elidlulileyo lokuphathwa gadalala, banokufunda ukuphepha iminqweno enokukhokelela ekubuyeleni kwakhona.

Ukususa iinkumbulo ezinxulumene nokusela kunokunceda abo baneengxaki zotywala ukuba bahlale bethe tye, licebisa ukuba isifundo senze kumagundane.

Njengazo zonke iintlobo zokuziphatha gwenxa, iindlela zokusingqongileyo ezinxulunyaniswa nokusela-ezinje ngevumba leebhiya - zinokuphembelela umnqweno wokusebenzisa isiselo esinxilisayo kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye kugonyamelo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le mibutho ifundileyo inokuba nzima kakhulu ukwahlukana nayo.

Oosonzululwazi ngoku sele bechonge iithagethi ezinokubakho ekujongeni iigundane ezinokuthi ngenye imini zikhokelele kunyango ukunceda abantu ukuba baome. UDorit Ron, ugqirha we-neurosologist kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco (UCSF), kunye neqela lakhe babonisa ukuba ukuvala indlela mTORC1 yokusayina indlela kunciphisa ukubuyela kotywala ngokuphazamisa iinkumbulo ezidibene nokusela kwangaphambili. Le ndlela ilawula ukuveliswa kweeproteni ezininzi ezihambelana nokufunda kunye nememori.

Imemori icingelwa ukuba ibe semngciphekweni xa iphinda ifunyanwa, njengofolda ekhangelwe kuvimba wethala leencwadi1. Amaphepha anokutshintshwa okanye aphulukane ngaphambi kokuba ifolda ibuyiselwe kwisitora sexesha elide. Inani lezifundo licebisile ukuba ukuphazamisa indlela ye-MTORC1 ngeli xesha iwindow inokubangela inkqubo yokubuyiselwa kwememori kwaye inokuba nakho ukunceda ekunyangeni ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo emva koxinzelelo kunye nokuba likhoboka leziyobisi.2, 3.

Kuhlolisiso lwamva nje, olupapashwe namhlanje kwi I-Nature Neuroscience4, iigundane zaba yingxaki yokusela emva kokuchitha iiveki ezisixhenxe ziboniswe kukhetho lwamanzi okanye kumxube wamanzi kunye ne-20% yotywala. URon uthi kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-concoction inambitha kakubi kwiimpuku, kodwa ekugqibeleni izilwanyana ziyakusela ngobuninzi.

Kuyamangalisa. Akukho nto uyenzayo, utshilo. "Emva kwexesha, unokubona ukuba bathanda ukuthanda utywala." Xa izilwanyana zizibambisa ngotywala, ziye zafikelela ekugxininiseni malunga ne-80 milligrams nge-100 millilitres yegazi- umda wokuqhuba osemthethweni e-United Kingdom nase-United States.

Abaphandi bathatha utywala kude nezilwanyana kwiintsuku ze-10 emva koko banika nganye nganye ithontsi elincinci-nje ngokwaneleyo ukuba incasa kunye nevumba lokubuyisa iinkumbulo ezinxulumene notywala. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, ezinye iigundane zifumene ichiza elibizwa ngokuba yi-rapamycin, elithintela umsebenzi we-mTORC1.

Zonke iigundane beziqeqeshelwe ukucinezela i-lever ukuba ifumane utywala, kodwa ezo zifumene i-rapamycin emva kokuvuselelwa kwenkumbulo zibonise ukuba kuncinci ukwenza oko kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini.

Iinkumbulo zobugqirha

"Asazi ukuba yeyiphi inkumbulo ethile esidibana nayo, kodwa siyayazi eyona nto ibangela oko," utshilo umbhali-mbhali uPatricia Janak, unolwazi nge-UCSF ugqirha wezengqondo. URon uthi umkhondo wenkumbulo ophazanyiswe yi-rapamycin yeyona nto inxibelelanisa iphunga kunye nokunambitheka kwiziyolo zokuzonwabisa kotywala.

“Kulunge kakhulu,” utshilo uCharles O'Brien, umlawuli weZiko leZifundo zoTywala kwiDyunivesithi yasePennsylvania ePhiladelphia, ebhekisa kolu phando. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba, likhoboka liyinkumbulo, kwaye [ababhali] baya ngqo kwinto eyenzekayo engqondweni. ”

I-Rapamycin ibonakala ngathi ayichaphazeli ukwenziwa kwememori, kodwa endaweni yoko iphazamisa ukuphinda kudityaniswe kwinkumbulo esele zikhona kwisitoreji sexesha elide emva kokuba ziphinde zavuselelwa. Uvavanyo lwaphambi kokunyusa lubonisa ukuba iziphumo zeli chiza zichaziweyo ngqo, kwaye azichaphazeli indlela izilwanyana ezisebenzisa ngayo izinto ezinqwenelekayo ezifana namanzi aswekile.

Nangona uRon esithi iqela lakhe alicwangcisanga ukwenza izifundo ebantwini, uthi uphando olwenziwa ngabanye lunokuguqula i-rapamycin okanye icandelo elinxulumene nalo kunyango olululo lokusetyenziswa kotywala. I-US yokutya kunye nokuLawula iziyobisi sele ivume i-rapamycin njenge-immunosuppressant yabamkeli be-organ transplant.

U-O'Brien uthi: "Ndingathanda ukuzama oku kwizigulana zam ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuqinisekwe ukuba zikhuselekile."