Kutheni amaTamarar kunye namadoda ahlangeneyo ahluke kwiimfumba?
Indlela Ekhohlakeleyo Yokuhlala Uthandweni Ucacisile ukuba abantu bangababophelelanisi, benamandla awodwa okomeleza amaqhina abo othando ngokuthanda kwabo. Senza njalo ngokusebenzisa uluhlu olukhethekileyo lweempawu zokuqonda, okanye "isimilo sokuzibopha"
Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha (ngobuchwephesha, izinto ezinamathelayo) zibandakanya ukunxibelelana nolusu nolusu, ukwanga inkanuko, ukubetha ngobumnene, izandi ezingenamagama zokwaneliseka kunye nolonwabo, ukuwola okanye ukucofa okuthe cwaka, ukuncuma ngokudibana namehlo, ukuphulula amabele, ukubamba incanca, ukusondelelana ngokudlala, ukukhululeka ukuhlangana, njalo njalo. Isetyenziswa yonke imihla, ngokungazamiyo bayonyusa ulwaneliseko lobuhlobo kuba badlula kwi-yakety-yak yecortex yecerebral yethu kwaye benze ulungelelwaniso lwengqondo yomlenze wethu. Ngokwahlukileyo, intetho inexabiso eliphantsi. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, iyacocwa kumaziko ohlalutyo obuchwephesha apho sihlala songeza zonke iintlobo zokujikeleza koko sikuvayo. Watsho omnye umfazi owayezama iindlela zokuziphatha ezihlanganayo:
Ezo mvakalelo zifudumeleyo ziziva zinyibilika (ezenza ukuba uhambe mmmm, ahhh, kunye ohhhh) ezazidla ngokuthatha ixesha lokuvula (ngokumanga, ukuphulula, isondo), ngoku zilapho zilindile, kwaye azidingi xesha konke ukuvusa kwakhona. Amabele am, iindlebe kunye nezihlahla zangaphakathi ngoku zinjengeqhosha 'lokuyeka ikhefu'.
Njengazo zonke izilwanyana, abantu bayakhuthazwa ukuba baqonde imiqondiso ebonisa ukuba ingaba akukho mntu ukhuselekile ngokwaneleyo ukuba angazonwabela na. Ukuba le miqondiso yokhuseleko ayizukuvela, ukuzikhusela ngobuqili kudala umgama weemvakalelo. Oku kunokwenzeka nangona bekukho ii-lovin ezininzi ngaphambili. Ukuziphatha kokuzibophelela kuhambisa umyalezo okhuselekileyo wokuzibophelela ngokuphumla kwindlela yokuzikhusela yengqondo (ikakhulu i-amygdala), kodwa kufuneka zenzeke rhoqo.
Isizathu esinye sokuba ezi zenzo zothando zonyuse umnqweno wokudibana neqabane kukuba zibangela ukuhamba kwe-oxytocin (i "cuddle hormone"). Ioksijini linciphisa ixhala, ukwandisa ukuthembela, kunye nokuxinezeleka. Ngamafutshane, thina uzive kakuhle ukusebenzisana nalo mntu; kunomvuzo kwinqanaba le-neurochemical, okanye i-subconscious, level. Ayothusi into yokuba ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka izazinzulu zixele ukuba abo bazinikeleyo kubudlelwane bavelisa i-cortisol enxulumene noxinzelelo. Abantu abathandekayo nabo kuphila ixesha elide, kwaye unamazinga aphantsi uxinzelelo kwengqondo. Kukho ubungqina obukhulayo bokuba i-oxytocin (okanye indlela yokuziphatha evelisa i-oxytocin) inokusebenza ukhuselo lokulwa nomlingo kwiibhondi. (Hayi, iibhondi ezimbini zingaba ngaphezulu ukuxhathisa umlutha kunezinye izilwanyana, ngenxa yobubele bobuchopho obunokubambisana kokubambisana.) Kithi, ukusebenzisana kuyilanga elihle.
Uphando olutsha nje izintama ze-tamarin uqinisekisa ubungqina bokuziphatha okulula kwalolu hlobo ukukhulula i-oxytocin kunye nokugcina isilwanyana-uthando luphila. AmaTamarine, njengabantu, ngabaxhamli bobabini bendoda kunye nabantwana abancinci abaphakamisa abantwana babo kunye.
Ngokwahlukileyo, iichimps kunye neebhonobos azizenzi iibhondi. Abazange bavele ngoomatshini abasebenza kuyo. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba, nangona iichimps zisenokuba zezona zisondeleyo kuthi Philayo izizalwane zenyama, iindlela zethu zatshitshisa malunga neyesithandathu sezigidi zeminyaka edlulileyo. Izihlobo zethu ezisondeleyo zofuzo zizalisekile yethu isebe nokuba abasekho. Kwenye indawo ecaleni kwesebe lethu siye savela kubabhondi ababini, njengamaTamarine, iibibhoni kunye neenkani. Ubundlobongela buvuyisa zonke izilwanyana, kodwa kubakhonkco ababini, udibana nomnye umntu onokubhalisa naye unokubhalisa njengomvuzo. (Ukufumana okungakumbi kumatshini we-neural of bonding bonding, funda amazwi kaLarry Young ekupheleni kweli nqaku.)
Inqaku lelokuba siyinxalenye yeklabhu encinci yeentlobo zohlobo lwe-primate ezenzelwe ukuba sithandane kwaye sihlale kunye nenye ebalulekileyo, nokuba sikhetha ukuzikhethela olu khetho. Asenzelwanga ukuba "sithandane sodwa." Akukho ntlobo. Kodwa thina are "Ngokwasentlalweni umntu omnye," Oko kukuthi, banako ukubhangqa. Inyaniso yokuba ngamanye amaxesha siba nenkanuko ngokungabikho kokuncamathisela ayisenzi i-bonobos, okanye ithetha ukuba singonwaba ngakumbi ngendlela engaqhelekanga yokutshatisa.
Umtshini-uthando lomcuphi
Eyazi ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kokuziphatha okunamathintelo kunye ne-oxytocin, umphandi waseYunivesithi waseWisconsin, uChuck Snowden, wanquma ukulinganisa zombini kwiimbini zetamarin zihlangene kunye ubuncinane ngonyaka. Iziphumo zakhe zityhila uluhlu olubanzi lwezinga le-oxytocin phakathi kwezi zibini. Nangona kunjalo, Ngaphakathi nganye ibini, abafazi babenamazinga afanayo. Nantoni na ayenzayo ngokucacileyo yayizuze kokubili.
Nantsi eyona nto iphambili ekufumaneni: Izibini ezinamanqanaba aphezulu e-oxetocin abandakanyeke kwezona ndlela zokuziphatha zinokubambisana kunye nezesondo. Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha ziinguqulelo ze-tamarin zokuziphatha okubophelelayo: ukujija ngemisila edibeneyo, ukuzilungisa, ukuntywilisela ulwimi kunye nokumakisha / ukuphanda, ukumisa, ukucela (ukudlala ngothando ngesini), uphando ngezitho zangasese, kunye nazo zonke iindawo apho ibhinqa lalisamkela, nokuba okanye hayi intaba ikhokelele kukopisho lokwenyani- okanye ukuchama. Akukho zinkxalabo zokusebenza kwiitamarins!
I-Tamarins inyuka phantse yonke imihla, nokuba iphi na intokazi kumjikelo wayo, ke ukuyifumana ayisiyiyo kwaphela malunga nokuchumisa. Kwimbalelwano yabucala malunga nendima yesini esingamkelekiyo kumtshato wesibini, u-Snowden wathi, "Ukudibana ngokwasemzimbeni kokwenza uthando kubalulekile [kwaye] i-orgasm yinto entle kwaye eyonwabisayo xa isenzeka." (Kwincwadi yakutshanje engqina izibonelelo zalo mbono ukhululekileyo kulwalamano lomntu jonga I-Tantric Sex for Men.)
Abaphandi baphetha ngelithi amazinga e-oxytocin abonisa ubungakanani bentsebenziswano yomibini, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo agcinwe ngeendlela abaziphethe ngayo. Uthi Snowdon, "Apha sinemodeli ye-primate engeyiyo eyomntu ekufuneka isombulule iingxaki ezifanayo nathi: ukuhlala kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane bodwa, ukukhulisa abantwana, kunye ne-oxytocin inokuba yindlela abayisebenzisayo ukugcina ubudlelwane."
Iqela likaSnowdon licebise ukuba unxibelelwano olusondeleyo kunye nokuziphatha okungamkelekanga ngokwesini kunokuxela kwangaphambili umgangatho kunye nobude bolwalamano lwabantu. Okulusizi kukuba, thina bantu sihlala sikubetha ngoyaba ukubaluleka kwale miqondiso ithuthuzelayo.
Zingaphi izibini ezitshatileyo, emva kokonyuka komtshato emva komtshato, ziye zabelana ngesondo ngamanye amaxesha kodwa kunqabile ukuba zibandakanyeke kunxibelelwano olunothando, nolunomtsalane (kodwa olungajonganga njongo)? Ii-orgasms ezingapheliyo zinokwanela ukugcina i-oxytocin yabo inyukile okanye iibhondi zabo zomelele. Ukulalana ngamanye amaxesha kufana nokuvula itepu yamanzi ... emva koko ucime. Ukuziphatha okuhlangeneyo kwemihla ngemihla kufana nokuhamba okuzinzileyo kwamanzi okugcina imibhobho yakho ingabandi. Kuyinyani, ezinye izibini zizama ukugcina izibophelelo zazo zomelele ngokuvuselelwa kwezesondo ngokukholelwa ekubeni ii-orgasms eziqhelekileyo zezona glue. Nangona kunjalo kusenokwenzeka ukuba olu gxina lincinci lubangela ukuba basigqibe isigqi esilula ngakumbi sokuthandana kwezithandani okanye, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukuphazamisa impendulo yabo.
In Inkolelo yeMonogamy UDavid Barash uthi kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo ezidibana ngesondo "azivuthisi ngokukodwa." (Ubuncinci hayi emva kwempambano yokuqala.) Unxibelelwano oluninzi phakathi kwamaqabane luthatha indawo yokuphumla kunye, ukuzilolonga kunye nokuxhoma.
Inqaku elinomdla kukuba abathandi babantu banokukhetha. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izilwanyana ezincancisayo, sinokukwazi ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nolwaneliseko lweemanyano zethu ngokwandisa amanqanaba e-oxytocin ngokulula, imiqondiso engenamandla. Sisebenzisa nje i-cortex yethu yobuchopho eyandisiweyo ukuqala kwi-limbic yengqondo yomatshini wothando ngoomatshini. Mhlawumbi Iipesenti ezilishumi elinesithathu yezibini ogcina izibophelelo zeericys ngandlela-thile zikhubeka kule mfihlo ekuqaleni kwemibutho yazo ngaphandle kokuyiqonda kakuhle.
Ngaba uthando luye lwahluleka kwixesha elidlulileyo? Ngaba unikezele ngesilwanyana esinobambini esilungeleyo esaneleyo kunye nempawu zokubambisana ukuze ugcine ukubonisana kwakho ngokufanayo, kukuvumela ukuba ungazibali iimpazamo, kwaye uzinzulu nolwalamano phakathi kwakho? Ukuba akunjalo, thatha isifundo kwizondlo zakho zokubambisana.
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[Kususela kuSomlomo isishwankathelo intetho nguLarry Young, PhD sinesihloko esithi, "Neurobiology of Social bonding and Monogamy…"]
Iindwendwe zengcwaba, njengaye abantu, zentlalo kwaye ifom edibeneyo emibini phakathi kwamaqabane. Oku kuyahluke kwipesenti ze-95 yazo zonke iintlobo zeemammali, ezingabonakali ezinokukwazi ukudala ubudlelwane obude obuhlala phakathi kwabantu abatshatileyo. Uphononongo oluhlolisayo ingqondo kunye neendlela zofuzo ezixhomekeke kwizibophelelo ezidibeneyo zibonakalise indima ebalulekileyo kwiikhemikhali ezimbalwa eziphambili kwiingqondo ekuqaliseni ubudlelwane boluntu. I-Oxytocin kunye ne-vasopressin ibonakala ijolise ingqalelo yengqondo kwimpawu zentlalo kwimeko. Ngexesha lobunzima bebhanki, la mayeza asebenzisana nenkqubo yomvuzo wengqondo (umz. I-dopamine) ukuseka umbutho phakathi kweenkcazo zoluntu zeqabane kunye nomgangatho ovuzayo wokuxhatshazwa. Ngoko kutheni ezinye zeentlobo ezinokukwazi ukwenza izibophelelo zentlalo ngelixa ezinye zingekho? Uphando oluqhathaniswa nobuchopho bezilwanyana ezingumntu oyedwa kunye nonogonyamelo lubonisa ukuba yindawo yokufumana i-oxytocin kunye ne-vasopressin enquma ukuba umntu uya kuba nako ukudibanisa. Ngokomzekelo, iindwendwe zendoda ezithandanayo zineziphumo eziphezulu zokufumana i-vasopressin receptors kwiziko lokuvuza eliphambili elibandakanyeka kumlutha. Izithuthi ezingekho phantsi kwamanye amazwe azikho abafumanayo apho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-receptors ifakwe kulo mbandela wokuvuza kwi-meogowous meadow vole, aba bafana bahlakulela ngokukhawuleza amandla okufaka iimbophelelo. Ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba ukubambisana kwamabini kukwabelana ngeendlela ezininzi zobuchopho ezifana nokulutha. Ucwaningo lwe-Genetic luye lwabonisa ukuba i-DNA ngokulandelelana kweentlobo kwi-gene encoding receptor ye-vasopressin ithintela izinga lokufumana ulwazi kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho kwaye uqikelele ukuba kungenzeka ukuba indoda iya kwenza ulwalamano loluntu kunye nentombi.
Izifundo zamva nje ebantwini ziveze ukufana okumangalisayo kwindima ye-oxytocin kunye ne-vasopressin kulawulo lokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha kwindalo nakwindoda. Umahluko kulandelelwano lwe-DNA ye-vasopressin receptor gene inxulunyaniswa nokwahluka kumanqanaba obulunga bobudlelwane bezothando. Ebantwini, ukuhanjiswa kwe-intranasal ye-oxytocin kukonyusa ukuthembana, kukonyusa ukujonga emehlweni, kukonyusa uvelwano kwaye kuphucule ukufunda okuqiniswe eluntwini. Ewe kuyabonakala ukuba ukuvuselela inkqubo ye-oxytocin ebantwini yonyusa ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kwimiba yentlalo kwindalo esingqongileyo….
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