Izimvo ze-YBOP: Uphononongo oluphonononge i-674 yabasetyhini basePoland abafuna unyango lwe-Compulsive Sexual Behaviour.
Abaxeli beZimilo ezinyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo phakathi kwabasetyhini abafuna unyango
Abstract
imvelaphi
I-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder okwangoku ibandakanyiwe kuhlaziyo oluzayo lweshumi elinanye Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (ICD-11); nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lwangaphambili luye lwaqhutywa ikakhulu kwi-heterosexual, iisampulu zamadoda aMhlophe/aseYurophu.
injongo
Ukuphonononga ulungelelwaniso lokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo (CSB) kunye neempawu zembali yentlalo kunye neyesondo, kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili kwe-CSB kwisampulu yabafazi basePoland abafuna unyango.
tindlela
Amakhulu amathandathu anamashumi asixhenxe anesine (674) abafazi basePoland abaneminyaka eyi-18-66 bagqibe uphando olusekwe kwi-intanethi.
Iziphumo
Uhlengahlengiso lwesiPolish lwe Ukunyangwa koTyala Uvavanyo lokuHlola-Uhlaziywe (SAST-PL) yayisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ubunzima beempawu ze-CSB. Isikrini esifutshane sephonografi yayisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ingxaki yokusetyenziswa koonografi. Unxulumano lwe-bivariate phakathi kwamanqaku e-SAST-PL kunye neempawu zabantu kunye nembali yezesondo nazo zavavanywa. A uhlalutyo lokuhlehla komgca lwenziwa ukuchonga izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinxulumene nobunzima beempawu ze-CSB.
iziphumo
Amashumi amathathu ananye eepesenti (31.8%) abasetyhini kwisampulu efundiweyo baxele unyango olufuna i-CSB kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukusetyenziswa koonografi ngengxaki kwakuyeyona nto inamandla yeempawu ze-CSB. Ubuqatha obuphezulu beempawu ze-CSB bajongwa phakathi koqhawulo-mtshato/okwahlukileyo kunye nabasetyhini abangatshatanga xa kuthelekiswa nabo babetshatile okanye kubudlelwane obungekho sikweni. Ubunzima be-CSB babunxulumene ngokuqinisekileyo nenani labalingani bezesondo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, inani leentlobano zesini ze-dyadic ngexesha leentsuku zokugqibela ze-7, kwaye lihambelana kakubi nobudala bokwabelana ngesondo kokuqala.
Impembelelo zeKliniki
Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba i-CSB yinkxalabo ebalulekileyo phakathi kwabasetyhini kwaye uphando olungakumbi luyafuneka ukuchonga ukhuseleko (umzekelo, ubume bobudlelwane) kunye nomngcipheko (umzekelo, ukusebenzisa iphonografi eyingxaki, inani lonyaka odlulileyo amaqabane ngesondo, ukuphindaphinda kweveki edlulileyo ukuphulula amaphambili) izinto ezinxulumene nazo. Ubukhali beempawu ze-CSB phakathi kwabasetyhini abafuna unyango.
Amandla kunye nokusikelwa umda
Uphononongo lwethu lolunye lwabambalwa kakhulu abaphanda i-CSB phakathi kwabasetyhini. Ngenxa yokunqongophala koqikelelo oluchanekileyo lokuxhaphaka, kunye nokungabikho kwezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo zengqondo zokulinganisa i-CSB kubasetyhini, iziphumo ezikhoyo akufanele zithathwe njengezibonakaliso zokuxhaphaka kwe-CSB phakathi kwabasetyhini basePoland.
isiphelo
Ukunqongophala kwedatha yeklinikhi kubasetyhini abaxela imiba kunye ne-CSB kuhlala kuyinjongo ebalulekileyo yophando lwezonyango lwexesha elizayo.
Kowalewska E, Gola M, Lew-Starowicz M, et al. Abaxeli beZimilo ezinyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo phakathi kwabasetyhini abafuna unyango. I-Sex Med 2022;XX:XXXXXX.
Amagama abalulekileyo
intshayelelo
Kutshanje, izazinzulu kunye noogqirha bavakalise inkxalabo malunga nokunqongophala kokumelwa ngokwesini kwizifundo ezivavanya i-etiology yokuziphatha okunengxaki ngokwesondo.1 Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, uluhlu olubanzi loncwadi luye lwavela lucebisa iindlela zethiyori ezinje ngokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo,2, 3, 4, 5 ubulili obugqithisileyo,6, 7, 8 ukuziphatha okungalawulekiyo ngokwesondo,9 ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo okanye ukuxhomekeka ngokwesondo,10, 11, 12 kunye nezesondo ukungafuneki.13, 14, 15 Kumakhulu ezifundo ezipapashwe kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo evavanya ingxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kubantu abahlukeneyo, uninzi lweesampulu ezifunyenweyo zibandakanya uninzi lwabaMhlophe/aseYurophu, amadoda athandana nesini esahlukileyo.1
Ngo-2019, i-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) yafakwa ngokusemthethweni kuhlelo oluzayo lwe-11 lwe Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (ICD-11; 6C72), kwaye ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation16 Inkcazo ibonakaliswe yipateni eqhubekayo yokusilela ukulawula okubukhali, iinkanuko zesini okanye iminqweno, ekhokelela ekuziphatheni okuphindaphindiweyo ngokwesondo ngexesha elongeziweyo (umzekelo, iinyanga ze-6 okanye ngaphezulu) ebangela uxinzelelo oluphawulweyo okanye ukuphazamiseka komntu, usapho, intlalontle, imfundo, umsebenzi, okanye ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza.17 Isigqibo se-WHO ngokungathandabuzekiyo linyathelo elikhulu ekuqondeni i-CSBD njengokuphazamiseka okwahlukileyo,1 Nangona imibuzo ihleli malunga nokuhlelwa kwe-CSBD njengokuphazamiseka kokulawulwa kwempembelelo enikwe idatha yokuqala eqaqambisa ukufana kweendlela ze-neuronal ze-CSBD kwezinye iziyobisi,3,5,18 iingqikelelo ezicetywayo,17,19,20 kunye nongenelelo lonyango olunokubakho.21, 22, 23, 24
Ngelixa uhlalutya iziphumo zophando lwesayensi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uKowalewska kunye noogxa25 kuphawulwe ukuba uninzi lwezifundo (ngaphezulu kwe-99%) ezivavanya i-CSBD kwiklinikhi kunye noluntu zenziwe ngamadoda athandana nesini esahlukileyo. Emva kophononongo lwezifundo ezingama-58 ezibandakanya abasetyhini, iziphumo zicebise ukuba ubukhali beempawu zokuziphatha ngokwesondo ezinyanzelekileyo (CSB) busezantsi kubasetyhini ngokunxulumene namadoda. Ngaphaya koko, abasetyhini baxele ukuba batya imifanekiso engamanyala kaninzi kunamadoda kwaye babonise amazinga asezantsi okuziva befuna kwezi zixhobo. Iimpawu ze-CSB (kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa koonografi okunengxaki) nazo zifunyenwe zihambelana ngokufanelekileyo neempawu isifo sengqondo, ukungxama, ukufuna imvakalelo, ukunqongophala kwengqwalasela/impawu zokuphazamiseka kokusebenza ngamandla, ukuphazamiseka okunyanzelekileyo, ukuthenga ngezifo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondoI-psychopathology jikelele, ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesondo, ngelixa inxulumene kakubi ne-dispositional ngqondweni.25
Ukunikezelwa kwezikhewu zesini ezikhoyo ekuqondeni i-etiology yokuziphatha okunengxaki ngokwesondo (kubandakanya i-CSBD) kubasetyhini, uphononongo lwangoku lufuna ukulungisa le miba ngokuphonononga ngokubanzi ulungelelwaniso lwe-CSB kunye neempawu zembali yentlalo kunye neyesondo kwisampulu yokufuna unyango lwasePoland. abafazi. Ngokukodwa, kuba sisebenzise iphepha lemibuzo lokuzibika elingasekelwanga kwindlela yokuxilonga ye-CSBD ecetywe yi-WHO ngo-2019, ke ngoko, sizamile ukuphonononga iziqikelelo zokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo (CSB)' phakathi kwabasetyhini.
Kwinqanaba lokuqesha, asizange sihlolisise ukuthotyelwa kwe-ICD-11 criteria, sasebenzisa i-questionnaire ukulinganisa ubunzima beempawu ze-CSB. Siyawuqonda umda wokusebenzisa umlinganiselo wokuzixela kubalelwa kuvavanyo lweempawu zokulutha ngokwesondo.10, 11, 12 kodwa kholelwa ukuba iziphumo ezikhoyo zingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga iimpawu ezibalelwa kwiimpawu ze-CSB. Ngoko ke, siya kusebenzisa igama elithi CSB endaweni ye-CSBD kweli nqaku, nangona singazi ukuba bangaphi abafazi abadibana ne-ICD-11 criteria. Kunikwe imo yokuhlola kolu phononongo, uhlalutyo lwenziwa ukuvelisa uqikelelo lwezifundo zophando lwexesha elizayo.
Indlela
Abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nenkqubo
Amakhulu amathandathu anamashumi asixhenxe anesine (n = 674) Abamhlophe, abafazi basePoland abaneminyaka eyi-18–66 (Mubudala= 29.36; SDubudala=8.13) baye bagaywa ngophando olusekwe kwi-intanethi oluqokelela ulwazi malunga nokuphindaphindwa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-CSB phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye nomfanekiso wabo wekliniki obanzi. Uphando lwalukwayisimemo sokuthatha inxaxheba kwiprojekthi yobude obujoliswe ekuhloleni ukuba ngaba uqeqesho lwengqondo lukhokelela ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-CSB. Ekungeneni, abaphenduli baxelelwa malunga nenjongo yophando kwaye babonelelwe imvume yokwazi nge-elektroniki. Iinqobo zokubandakanywa yayingowasetyhini, oneminyaka eyi-18 okanye ngaphezulu, ukuba neentlobano zesini kulo nyaka uphelileyo (kubandakanywa isenzo sesondo se-dyadic kunye nezenzo zodwa - oko kukuthi, ukuphulula amaphambili), kunye nokufumana ubunzima kunye ne-CSB kwinqanaba elizimeleyo kunye nokukhangela unyango ngenxa yezi ngxaki. Idatha yaqokelelwa ukususela ngoJulayi 2019 ukuya kuJanuwari 2020. Kubafazi be-1241 abavule uphando, i-936 bayizalisa ngokuyinxenye, kwaye i-674 yagqiba yonke uphando olunika idatha eyaneleyo yohlalutyo.
Amanyathelo
Amanani abantu
Ingcaciso yedemografi yabathathi-nxaxheba efana nobudala, ubume bomtshato, inqanaba lemfundo kunye nomsebenzi zafunyanwa.
Umsebenzi wesondo
Abathathi-nxaxheba bacelwa ukuba banike ulwazi malunga nesenzo sesondo esichazwa njengaso nasiphi na isenzo sesondo - sodwa (umzekelo, ukuphulula amalungu esini, ukusebenzisa iphonografi) okanye i-dyadic (umzekelo, ukwabelana ngesondo, ukuvuselela ngokwesondo kubandakanya ukudlala kwangaphambili / ukumbamba, isondo somlomo, i-vagin, okanye i-anal penetrative sex) ivuselela inkanuko yesini. Ngokukodwa, umxholo wemibuzo echaphazelekayo: ukuqala kokulala ngesondo kokuqala, inani lonyaka odlulileyo amaqabane ngesondo, ukuqala (oko kukuthi, iminyaka) yokubukela imifanekiso engamanyala, kunye nenani lokwabelana ngesondo ngesondo, ukubukela iphonografi, kunye nokuphindaphinda ukuphulula amalungu esini kwixesha elidlulileyo. iintsuku.
Ngaphambi kokufuna uncedo lwe-CSB
Siye savavanya ukufuna uncedo kwabasetyhini kumava e-CSB ngokubacela ukuba babonise 'Ewe' okanye 'Hayi' kulo mbuzo ulandelayo: 'Ngaba ukhe wafuna uncedo lwengcali malunga nokuziphatha kwakho okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo?'.
Inguqulelo yesiPolish yoVavanyo lwe-Sexual Addiction Screening-Revised (SAST-PL)
SAST-PL26 sisixhobo esiqinisekisiweyo ngokwasengqondweni esilinganisa i-CSB esekwe kwingqikelelo yokuba likhoboka lesondo.10 I-questionnaire ye-20-item iqulethwe ngama-subscales e-5: Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Affect, ukuphazamiseka kobudlelwane, ukuxakeka, ukulahlekelwa kolawulo, iimpawu ezihambelanayo. Abaphenduli bacelwa ukuba baphendule into nganye ngokuphendula u-'Ewe' okanye 'Hayi.' Amanqaku aphezulu anxulumene nobunzima beempawu ze-CSB. I-SAST-PL ibonakaliswe ngokuthembeka okuphezulu (α = 0.90).
Iscreen esifutshane sePhonografi (BPS)
I-BPS sisixhobo sokuhlola izinto ezi-5 esilinganisa ukusetyenziswa koonografi ngengxaki (PPU).27 Abaphendulayo balinganisela kwinkcazo nganye ngokuphendula umbuzo wokuba kangaphi kwiinyanga ezi-6 ezidlulileyo zenzeke kwisikali se-3-point (0 = Nakanye; 1 = Ngamanye amaxesha; 3 = Rhoqo Kakhulu). I-BPS yaqinisekiswa ekuqaleni kwizifundo ezizimeleyo ezihlanu kubantu abadala baseMelika nasePoland (α ukusuka kwi-0.90 ukuya kwi-0.92). Amanqaku kwi-BPS ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-10 kunye nexabiso lokunqunyulwa kwe-4 ebonisa i-PPU enokwenzeka.
Ucatshulwa
Okokuqala, sasebenzisa i-Pearson Product correlations, i-Welch t-uvavanyo kunye ne-ANOVA yendlela enye yokuhlola imibutho phakathi kwe-SAST-PL iyonke amanqaku kunye nenani labantu kunye iimpawu zesondo. Emva koko, siye saqhuba a uhlalutyo lokuhlehla komgca ukuchonga izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinxulumene nobukhulu beempawu ze-CSB (zihlolwe yi-SAST-PL). Lonke uhlalutyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-SPSS-23 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0).
Zokuziphatha
Zonke iinkqubo kule sifundo zenziwa ngokuhambelana neSibhengezo saseHelsinki. IKomiti yoPhando lweNdlela yokuziphatha yeYunivesithi ye-SWPS eWarsaw ivume isifundo. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba baxelelwe malunga nomda wophononongo, kwaye bonke banikezela ngemvume enolwazi kunye neyokuzithandela ngekhompyutha.
iziphumo
Kubafazi abangama-674, ama-57.4% (n = 387) amanqaku ama-6 okanye ngaphezulu kwi-SAST-PL,26 ebonisa i-CSB, kunye ne-73.3% (n = 494) yesampuli ifumene amanqaku e-4 okanye ngaphezulu kwi-BPS yokulinganisa iimpawu zokusetyenziswa koonografi ngengxaki.27
1 Table ibonisa imibutho ye-bivariate phakathi kwe-SAST-PL yamanqaku ewonke kunye ne-sociodemographic kunye neempawu zembali yezesondo. Ngokukodwa, sifumene ulungelelwaniso oluhle phakathi kwamanqaku ewonke e-SAST-PL kunye namanqaku ewonke eBPS (r = 0.59, P < .001), inani lamaqabane ngesondo kunyaka ophelileyo (r = 0.34, P <.001), kunye nenani leveki ephelileyo (iintsuku ezisi-7) zokwabelana ngesondo ngedyadic (r = 0.15, P <.01). Ulungelelwaniso olubi lwenzekile phakathi kwe-SAST-PL iyonke amanqaku kunye nobudala babathathi-nxaxheba (r = -0.08, P <.05), ukuqala kokwabelana ngesondo okokuqala (r = -0.24, P <.001), kunye nokuqala kokuvezwa koonografi (r = -0.23, P <.001]. Ngaphaya koko, abasetyhini ngexesha loqhawulo-mtshato, ukwahlukana okanye abangatshatanga bafumene amanqaku aphezulu kwi-SAST-PL (M = 7.67, SD = 4.79) xa kuthelekiswa nabo batshatileyo okanye kubudlelwane obungekho sikweni (M = 6.48, SD = 4.37), [t(672) = 3.26, P <.001, Cohen's d = 0.26].
1 Table. Iimeko zembali kunye nezesondo ezinxulumene namanqaku e-SAST-R yabasetyhini (n = 674)
| Iseli engenanto | Iseli engenanto | SAST-R amanqaku |
|---|---|---|
| Iimpawu zokufunda | %/M (SD) | r or t/F |
| UVavanyo lokuHlolwa kweSexual Addiction-Reverseing (SAST-R)† Ayidibani nokunqunyulwa Ukudibana kokuphela | 6.91 (4.55) 42.6% 57.4% | - |
| Iscreen esifutshane sePhonografi (BPS)† Ayidibani nokunqunyulwa Ukudibana kokuphela | 2.75 (2.96) 26.7% 73.3% | r = 0.59⁎⁎⁎ |
| ubudala | 29.36 (8.13) | r = -0.08* |
| Ubume bobudlelwanehi enye Umtshato okanye ubudlelwane obungekho sikweni Ngexesha loqhawulo-mtshato, ukwahlukana, okanye ungatshatanga | 64.1% 35.9% | t = 3.26⁎⁎⁎ (UCohen's d = 0.26) |
| Inqanaba lemfundo Isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo okanye ngaphantsi Ikholeji (esesikolweni) Isidanga okanye isidanga sokuqala | 25.7% 18.5% 53.0% | F = 6.82⁎⁎⁎ (UCohen's f = 0.13) |
| Occupation Ixesha elipheleleyo okanye ixesha elithile Abafundi/abangasebenziyo | 73.0% 27.0% | t = -0.90 |
| Ngaphambi kokufuna uncedo ngenxa ye-CSB Ewe Hayi | 31.8% 68.2% | t = -5.38⁎⁎⁎ (UCohen's d = 0.45) |
| Ukuqala kokulala ngesondo kokuqala | N = 652 17.83 (3.02) | r = -0.24⁎⁎⁎ |
| Inani lamaqabane ngesondo kulo nyaka uphelileyo | N = 558 3.28 (5.45) | r = 0.34⁎⁎⁎ |
| Inani leentlobano zesini zedyadic kwiveki ephelileyo (iintsuku ezisi-7) | N = 430 3.21 (3.45) | r = 0.15⁎⁎ |
| Ukuqala kokuvezwa koonografi | N = 649 12.75 (4.37) | r = -0.23⁎⁎⁎ |
| Ixesha elichithwe kwiphonografi kwiveki ephelileyo (iintsuku ezisi-7) nanye Imizuzu engama-59 okanye ngaphantsi Imizuzu ye-60-119 Imizuzu eyi-120 nangaphezulu | 50.0% 24.0% 11.6% 14.1% | F = 33.69⁎⁎⁎ (UCohen's f = 0.38) |
| Inani lokuphulula amalungu esini kwiveki ephelileyo (iintsuku ezisi-7) | N = 516 3.89 (3.82) | r = 0.35⁎⁎⁎ |
- ⁎
P <.05.
- ⁎⁎
P <.01.
- ⁎⁎⁎
P <.001.
Phawula. Izinto ezibhalwe ngqindilili zahlala zibalulekile ngokwezibalo emva kokulungiswa kwempazamo yoHlobo loku-1.
- †
Amanqaku okusikwa asekelwe kuphando kuquka nabathathi-nxaxheba abangamadoda.
Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo wenzeke kwimeko yenqanaba lemfundo, kunye nabasetyhini abaxela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo okanye imfundo engaphantsi bafumene awona manqaku aphezulu e-SAST-PL ewonke (M = 7.60, SD = 4.41), elandelwa ngabasetyhini ekholejini bafumana amanqaku asezantsi kancinci (M = 7.54, SD = 4.37), kwaye okokugqibela, abasetyhini abanesidanga okanye isidanga sokuqala banawona manqaku asezantsi SAST-PL ewonke (M = 6.27, SD = 4.59), [F(2,652) = 6.82, P = .001, Cohen kaThixo f = 0.13]. Njengoko kwenzekayo, abasetyhini abafuna uncedo lwangaphambili lwe-CSB bafumana amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu kwi-SAST-PL (M = 8.26, SD = 5.04) xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abangazange bafune uncedo kwixesha elidlulileyo (M = 6.28, SD = 4.17), [t(672) = -5.38, P <.001, Cohen's d = 0.45]. Okokugqibela, ixesha elininzi elichithwe ngabasetyhini kwimifanekiso engamanyala kwiveki ephelileyo (iintsuku ezisi-7), amanqaku aphezulu abawafumene kwi-SAST-PL [F(3,668) = 33.69, P <.001, Cohen's f = 0.38]. Ngokukodwa, abafazi ababengakhange babukele iphonografi kwiveki ephelileyo bafumana amanqaku aphakathi kwe-5.59 (SD= 4.21), ilandelwa ngabo babukela imifanekiso engamanyala imizuzu engama-59 okanye ngaphantsi - 6.93 (SD = 4.27), abafazi abachitha imizuzu ye-60-119 kwimifanekiso engamanyala - 8.26 (SD = 4.07), kwaye ekugqibeleni, abafazi abazinikele imizuzu eyi-120 okanye ngaphezulu ekusebenziseni imifanekiso engamanyala - 10.32 (SD = 4.51). Asizange sifumane unxulumano phakathi kwe-SAST-PL yamanqaku ewonke kunye nobume bomsebenzi.
Okokugqibela, elula linear nokushiywa kuqhutyelwe ukuchonga izibikezelo ze-CSB njengoko zivavanywa yi-SAST-PL (njengamanqaku aqhubekayo) kwisampuli yabasetyhini basePoland abafuna unyango. Ukunciphisa iziphumo zempazamo yoHlobo lwe-I, kuphela izinto eziguquguqukayo ezibalulekileyo P < .01 zangeniswa kumzekelo (bona 1 Table). Ngenxa yokuba ukufuna uncedo kwangaphambili kwe-CSB kwakunxulumene kakhulu ne-CSB, kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo enokubakho ye-multicollinearity, sagqiba ekubeni singabandakanyi oku kuguquguquka kuhlalutyo lokubuyisela. Imodeli yayibalulekile, F(9, 273) = 31.792, P <, 001, R2 ye 0.512. Ngokukodwa, sifumene ukuba amanqaku apheleleyo e-BPS ayesona siqikelelo esinamandla se-CSB (amanqaku e-SAST-PL) kubasetyhini (β = 0.83, P <.001). Ngapha koko, sifumene ukuba ukuqala kokwabelana ngesondo okokuqala (β = -0.21, P < .01), inani lamaqabane ngesondo kunyaka ophelileyo (β = 0.23, P <.001), inani leveki edlulileyo zokuphulula amalungu esini (β = 0.22, P < .001), kunye nobume bobudlelwane (β = -0.92, P . 2 Table).
2 Table. Uqikelelo lwamanani okuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo (CSB) okulinganiswa yi-SAST-R phakathi kwabasetyhini
| Iimpawu zokufunda | B | SE B | t | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Qho) | 8.25 | 1.35 | 6.13 | [5.60, 10.90]⁎⁎⁎ |
| Ubume bobudlelwanehi enye | -0.92 | 0.47 | -1.95 | [-1.85, 0.01]* |
| Education | -0.08 | 0.24 | -0.33 | [-0.54, 0.38] |
| Ukuqala kokulala ngesondo kokuqala | -0.21 | 0.07 | -3.13 | [-0.34, -0.08]⁎⁎ |
| Inani lamaqabane ngesondo kulo nyaka uphelileyo | 0.23 | 0.04 | 5.84 | [0.15, 0.30]⁎⁎⁎ |
| Inani lokwabelana ngesondo nge-dyadic ngexesha leentsuku ezi-7 zokugqibela | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.59 | [-0.09, 0.16] |
| Ukuqala kokuvezwa koonografi | -0.02 | 0.05 | -0.31 | [-0.11, 0.08] |
| Ixesha elichithwe kwiphonografi kwiintsuku ze-7 zokugqibela | -0.28 | 0.21 | -1.34 | [-0.70, 0.13] |
| Inani lokuphulula amalungu esini ngexesha leentsuku ezi-7 zokugqibela | 0.22 | 0.06 | 3.51 | [0.10, 0.34]⁎⁎⁎ |
| Iscreen esifutshane sePhonografi (BPS) | 0.83 | 0.08 | 10.27 | [0.67, 0.99]⁎⁎⁎ |
- ⁎
P <.05.
- ⁎⁎
P <.01
- ⁎⁎⁎
P <.001.
Ubume bobudlelwane: 0 = uqhawule umtshato / wahlukana / ungatshatanga, 1 = utshatile / iqabane; Ixesha elichithwe kwi-pornography kwiintsuku ze-7 zokugqibela: 0 = akukho, 1 = imizuzu ye-59 okanye ngaphantsi, 2 = 60-119 imizuzu, 3 = 120 imizuzu nangaphezulu.
Phawula. Ukulungiswa komgca kwakhona ukuxela kwangaphambili ukubakho kweempawu ze-CSB phakathi kwabasetyhini.
Isishwankathelo somzekelo: F(9, 273) = 31.792, P < .001 nge-R2 0.512.
ingxoxo
Ukusebenzisa uhlengahlengiso lwesiPolish lwe Ukunyangwa koTyala Uvavanyo lokuHlola-Uhlaziywe (SAST-PL),26 siye safuna ukuvavanya i-correlates kunye nokuqikelelwa kweempawu ze-CSB phakathi kwesampulu yabasetyhini basePoland abafuna unyango. Nangona kukho imida ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, okwangoku akukho zixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo zengqondo zokuvavanya i-CSB (okanye i-CSBD) kubafazi basePoland. Okwangoku, ukunqongophala kwedatha yeklinikhi kubasetyhini abaxela imiba kunye ne-CSB kuhlala kuyinjongo ebalulekileyo yophando lwexesha elizayo, ngakumbi kuba iingqikelelo zangoku ze-etiology yeengxaki zokuziphatha ngokwesondo zithathwe ikakhulu kwabaMhlophe/aseYurophu, iisampulu zesini esingafaniyo nesini.
Ngokubanzi, sifumene ukuba iqela labasetyhini abangazange bafune unyango lwe-CSB kwixesha elidlulileyo (i-68.2% yesampuli yonke) bafumana i-SAST-PL ye-SAST-PL engaphezulu kwexabiso elisikiweyo elicetywayo yiCarnes.10 Oku kufunyanisiweyo kuhambelana nohlalutyo lukaKraus kunye noogxa bakhe29 ebonisa ukuba i-29% yamadoda kwisampulu yawo edibene okanye idlula i-Inventory ye-Hypersexual Behavior (HBI)30 Inqaku elipheleleyo lokunqunyulwa kweklinikhi, libonisa ubukho be-Hypersexual Disorder (HD),6 babengenamdla wokufuna unyango lokusetyenziswa koonografi. Nangona kunjalo, idatha yokuqala ibonisa ukuba amathuba okufuna unyango lwePPU kwabasetyhini ngamaxesha angama-7 aphantsi kunamadoda,31 nangona izinto ezinokuba negalelo ngokukodwa kulo mahluko unokwenzeka kusafuneka ziphononongwe. Ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abafazi kuphononongo babengenamdla ekufuneni unyango kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye phantse i-32% yesampulu babenomdla kunyango olunjalo, umsebenzi owongezelelweyo uyafuneka ukuchonga imiqobo yangoku yokunceda ukufuna abafazi basePoland. Iinkcazo ezinokubakho zinokubandakanya izithethe zenkcubeko, iindima ezimiselweyo zesini kunye nentlalontle yabasetyhini, ukwamkelwa okukhulu kwezenkolo kwamadoda axela ukulahleka kolawulo kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, kunye nokubonwa kwehlazo kunye nebala kubafazi abaxela imiba nge-CSB. Dhuffar kunye Griffits32 yahlula iindidi ezi-4 eziphambili zemiqobo enokwenzeka yabasetyhini abangafuneli unyango lokukhotyokiswa ngokwesondo (umzekelo, umntu, intlalontle, uphando kunye nonyango); nangona kunjalo, uphando lwexesha elizayo luyafuneka ukuchonga izinto (umzekelo, ubudala, ubume bomtshato, uhlanga / ubuhlanga, iinkolelo zonqulo, ukufikelela kwinkathalo yezempilo, imiba yempilo yengqondo eyenzeka ngokubambisana) ezithintela abafazi ekufuneni unyango lwe-CSB.
Ngelixa sivavanya ukuba yeyiphi na eguquguqukayo enokuthi ibe ngabaxeli beempawu ze-CSB phakathi kwabasetyhini abasuka kwisampulu efundiweyo, sibonise ukuba kwimeko yabasetyhini, eyona nto inamandla yeempawu ze-CSB yayingamanqaku apheleleyo e-BPS. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kolu phononongo zikwabonisa ukuba ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokunxulunyaniswa neempawu ze-CSB: ukuqala kokulala ngesondo kokuqala, inani labalingani bezesondo kunyaka ophelileyo, inani lee-masturbations kwiveki ephelileyo, kunye nobume bobudlelwane. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kohlalutyo olufanayo oluqhutywe kwabasetyhini ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, asinayo indawo yokubhekisela kwiziphumo zethu. Kulwazi lwethu, uphononongo lwethu lolokuqala ukuchonga i-CSB phakathi kwabasetyhini basePoland. Iziphumo zethu zifana nesifundo sophononongo lwe-2017 kubafazi basePoland abafuna unyango lwePPU31 apho bafumana khona ubudlelwane obubalulekileyo phakathi kokufuna unyango, iimpawu ze-CSB (zihlolwe yi-SAST-PL) kunye nobukhulu beempawu zePPU (zihlolwe yi-BPS). Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, sifumene ukuba kwakungekho ixesha elichithwe ngokutya iphonografi ngexesha leentsuku ze-7 ezidlulileyo, kodwa i-BPS epheleleyo yamanqaku asebenze njenge-predictor eqinile ye-CSB kubasetyhini. Inkcazo enokwenzeka yesi siphumo yinto yokuba i-BPS ayigxininisi kumlinganiselo wobungakanani bephonografi (oko kukuthi, ubuninzi kunye nokuphindaphinda), kodwa kunoko ilinganisa iziphumo ezizicingelayo ezibangelwa kukusetyenziswa koonografi. Okunye ukufana okubonakalayo kwaphawulwa phakathi kophando lwethu kunye nophononongo lukaKlein noogxa bethu28 apho uhlalutyo lubonise inani labalingani bezesondo kunye ne-high masturbation frequency njenge-presectors ye-hypersexuality (ehlolwe yi-HBI)30 kwabasetyhini. Uphando lukwabonisa ukuphathwa gadalala kwabantwana, uxinzelelo lwangoku, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi njengezibikezelo zokulutha ngokwesondo,33,34 kunye nokuzibandakanya kwizenzo zonqulo njenge-predictor yePPU.31 Ezi zinto zihlala zibalulekile kwi-CSB kwabasetyhini, nangona kunjalo, azivavanywanga kuphononongo lwangoku kwaye zifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngakumbi kwizifundo zophando.
Ngaphaya koko, sifumene unxulumano olubalulekileyo lweempawu ze-CSB ngokwemeko yentlalo yoluntu kunye neempawu zembali yezesondo. Umzekelo, ubungqongqo beempawu ze-CSB (amanqaku ewonke e-SAST-PL) ajongwa kwabasetyhini ababeqhawule umtshato, bohlukene okanye abangatshatanga, xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini ababetshatile okanye kubudlelwane obungekho sikweni. Ngaphezu koko, amanqaku apheleleyo e-SAST-PL ayenxulumene ngokuqinisekileyo nenani lamaqabane ngesondo kunyaka ophelileyo, inani le-dyadic yokwabelana ngesondo ngexesha leentsuku ze-7 zokugqibela, ngelixa lihambelana kakubi nobudala bokuqala bokulala ngesondo. Ukuqwalasela esi siphumo singasentla kunye nenyaniso yokuba uKlein kunye noogxa bakhe28 uphando lubonise inani labalingani bezesondo njengenye yezinto ezibonisa ukuziphatha kwe-hypersexual, uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuze kuhlolwe umsebenzi wesondo we-dyadic phakathi kwabasetyhini ababika imiba nge-CSB, njengoko oku kungabonakalisa inkalo ebalulekileyo yemeko ehlala ingafundiswanga kwabasetyhini.
Siphinde saphonononga imiba yokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nokuphulula amalungu esini phakathi kwesampulu yethu yabasetyhini. Njengoko kwavela, i-avareji ye-SAST-PL yamanqaku ewonke yonyuka kunye nexesha elinikezelwe ekusetyenzisweni koonografi kwiintsuku ze-7 ezidlulileyo. Iimpawu ze-CSB zazinxulumene ngokuqinisekileyo namanqaku e-BPS, inani le-masturbation ngexesha leentsuku ezidlulileyo ze-7, kwaye zihambelana kakubi nokuqala kokuvezwa kwephonografi yokuqala.
Imida
Imida emininzi yophononongo lwangoku kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Okokuqala, okwangoku akukho ngqikelelo oluchanekileyo lokuxhaphaka kwe-CSBD phakathi kwabasetyhini kwaye uphononongo lwangoku alufanele luthathwe njengento ebonisa ukuxhaphaka kwe-CSBD okanye i-CSB phakathi kwabasetyhini basePoland. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo zokulinganisa i-CSBD eziye zaqinisekiswa ngokwasengqondweni kwiisampulu zabasetyhini, asazi, ukuba isikali esisibandakanyileyo kwisifundo sethu sonyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ezingezizo ezinikwe ukungabikho kwezinto zokuvavanya idatha ezifana nobuntununtunu kunye neenkcukacha. Okwesibini, uphando lwapapashwa kusetyenziswa indlela yebhola yekhephu phakathi kwabantu abanomdla kulo mbandela, ngoko ke inani elikhulu labasetyhini ababhengeza uncedo lwangaphambili nge-CSB lunokuba ngenxa yeqela elinomdla wokuthatha inxaxheba kuphononongo ngokwalo. Okwesithathu, uphononongo lwethu aluzange lubandakanye nawaphi na amanyathelo okuvavanya i-psychopathology okanye ukunqweneleka kwentlalo / ukulawulwa kwempembelelo, kwaye abafazi abazange babanjwe udliwano-ndlebe nomntu ngumnikezeli wezempilo yengqondo oqeqeshiweyo. Ukuxhomekeka kwidatha yokuzixela ekuchazeni amava abasetyhini nge-CSB kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kutolika iziphumo zophononongo lwangoku.
izigqibo
Isishwankathelo, iziphumo zangoku zibonisa ukuba kukho isidingo esikhulu sokuphononongwa ngakumbi kwe-CSB phakathi kwabasetyhini, ngakumbi malunga nendima yokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye neepatheni zobudlelwane bezesondo ekuphuhliseni nasekugcinweni kwe-CSB. Izifundo ezongezelelweyo ziyafuneka ukufumanisa ukuxhaphaka kwe-CSB phakathi kwabasetyhini abasebenzisa imilinganiselo eqinisekisiweyo ebonisa indlela ye-CSBD kwi-ICD-11. Ngaphaya koko, uphando lukwafuneka ukuvavanya ukwenzeka kwayo kunye nobuntu, ukusebenza ngokwesondo, Ingxaki yokungcakaza, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kunye/okanye okunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo; idatha enjalo ingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukufana kunye / okanye ukungafani kwiindlela ze-neuronal eziphantsi kwe-CSB kubasetyhini kunye namadoda.35 Ekugqibeleni, ukuchaneka kokuxilongwa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo i-psychometric izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iimpawu ze-CSB nazo zifuna ukuphononongwa ngakumbi, ngakumbi phakathi kwabemi bezonyango babasetyhini abangafundiswanga kakhulu kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephezulu.25
Zokuziphatha
Zonke iinkqubo kule sifundo zenziwa ngokuhambelana neSibhengezo saseHelsinki. IKomiti yoPhando lweNdlela yokuziphatha yeYunivesithi ye-SWPS eWarsaw ivume isifundo. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba baxelelwe malunga nomda wophononongo kwaye bonke banikezela ngemvume enolwazi kunye neyokuzithandela.
Inkcazo yoBungqina
I-EK ibe negalelo kufundo kunye noyilo lweendlela, ukufunwa kwezifundo, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha, uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye nokutolika, ukubhalwa kwemibhalo-ngqangi, kunye nokufumana inkxaso-mali. I-MG inikele kufundo kunye neendlela zoyilo, kunye nokubhalwa kwemibhalo-ngqangi. I-MLS ibe negalelo ekubhalweni kwemibhalo-ngqangi. I-SWK inikele kuhlalutyo lwedatha kunye nokutolikwa, kunye nokubhalwa kwemibhalo yesandla. Bonke ababhali banike igalelo, bafunda, baphonononga, kwaye bavuma uyilo lokugqibela lombhalo wesandla.
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