https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130909172056.htm
Amadoda aneemvavanyo ezincinci kunabanye asengozini yokuzibandakanya kwizandla zokugcina abantwana babo, isifundo esitsha esenziwe ngoochwephesha kwiYunivesithi yase-Emory sifumanisa. I Iinkqubo ze-National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) ipapashe iziphumo zesifundo se-Sep. 9.
Iivolumu ezincinci ze testicular zikwadibanisa nemisebenzi engakumbi enxulumene nokukhulisa ootata njengoko bejonga iifoto zabantwana babo, uphononongo lubonisa. "Idatha yethu ibonisa ukuba ibhayoloji yamadoda ibonakalisa urhwebo phakathi kokutyalomali ngokuchasene nomzamo wokuba ngumzali," utsho uEmory ugqirha wezakwalizwi uJames Rilling, owelebhu yakhe yenza uphando.
Injongo yophando kukufumanisa ukuba kutheni abanye ootitshala betyala imali eninzi ekukhuliseni abazali kunabanye. URill uthi: "Ngumbuzo obalulekileyo, kuba izifundo zangaphambili zibonise ukuba abantwana abangootata abaninzi ababandakanyekayo baneziphumo ezingcono kwezentlalo, zengqondo nezemfundo."
Ithiyori yobomi yokuvela kwindaleko ithi indaleko yonyusa ulwabiwo lwezixhobo eziya kuthi ga ekutshatweni okanye ekukhulisweni kwabazali ukuze kwandiswe ubomi bomntu. "Uhlolisiso lwethu lolokuqala ukuphanda ukuba ngaba ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kuchaza lo mahluko kumzamo wokuba ngumzali," utshilo uJennifer Mascaro, okhokele kwesi sifundo njengelinye iqabane emva koogqirha kwelebhu yeRill.
Ngelixa izinto ezininzi zoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye nezenkcubeko zinokuthi zibe nefuthe kumgangatho wokukhathalela utata, abaphandi babefuna ukuphanda unxibelelwano lwebhayoloji olunokwenzeka.
Babesazi ukuba amanqanaba asezantsi e testosterone emadodeni adityaniswa nokubandakanyeka okukhulu kukatata, nokuba amanqanaba aphezulu e-hormone aqikelela ukuqhawuka komtshato kunye nesithembu.
Iimvavanyo, ukongeza ekuveliseni i-testosterone emadodeni, nazo zivelisa isidoda. "Uvavanyo lwevolumu luhambelana kakhulu nokubalwa kwesidoda kunye nenqanaba kunamanqanaba e testosterone," utshilo uMascaro.
Olu phononongo lwalubandakanya ootata bendabuko be-70 ababenomntwana phakathi kweminyaka ye-1 kunye ne-2, kwaye babehlala nomntwana kunye nonina wendalo.
Oomama nootata babekho kudliwano-ndlebe ngokwahlukeneyo malunga nokubandakanyeka kukatata kwezonakekelo lwabantwana, kubandakanya imisebenzi enjengokutshintsha iidesika, ukondla nokuhlamba umntwana, ukuhlala ekhaya ukukhathalela umntwana ogulayo okanye ukumhambisa umntwana ukuya kutyelelo lukagqirha.
Amanqanaba e-testosterone yamadoda athelekiswa, kwaye athatha i-imaging resonance imaging esebenzayo (fMRI) yokulinganisa umsebenzi wobuchopho njengoko babejonga iifoto zabantwana babo ngovuyo, ulusizi kunye nokungathathi hlangothi, kunye neefoto zomntwana ongaziwayo kunye nomntu omdala ongaziwayo. Emva koko, i-MRI yesakhiwo yasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ivolumu ye-testicular.
Iziphumo zophando zabonisa ukuba omabini amanqanaba e-testosterone kunye nobungakanani bovavanyo alungelelaniswe ngokungalingani nenani lokukhathalelwa ngqo kukatata oxelwe ngabazali kuphando.
Kwaye umthamo wovavanyo lukatata ukwanxulumene nomsebenzi kwindawo yecandelo le-ventral tegmental (VTA), eyinxalenye yenkqubo yengqondo ehambelana nomvuzo kunye nenkuthazo yomzali. "Amadoda aneemvavanyo ezincinci ayesebenza kule ndawo yobuchopho ubukhulu becala xa ejonge iifoto zabantwana babo," utshilo uMascaro.
Ngelixa amanqanaba e-testosterone anokuhambelana ngakumbi naphambi kokushicilela, ukhuphiswano lwangaphakathi, ivolumu ye-testicular ingabonisa utyalomali lwasemva kokubhala, abaphandi bathi:
Nangona zibalulekile ngokweenkcukacha-manani, unxibelelwano phakathi kobukhulu bovavanyo kunye nononophelo alugcinanga.
"Inyaniso yokuba sifumene lo mahluko ibonisa ukuzikhethela," utshilo uRill. Nokuba abanye abantu banokwakhiwa ngokwahlukeneyo, banokuzimisela ukuba ngootata babo. Kungayingxaki nangakumbi kwamanye amadoda ukwenza ezi ndlela zokukhathalela abantwana, kodwa oko akunakuphela. ”
Umbuzo ophambili ophakanyisiweyo kwiziphumo zophando kukukhokelela kwengozi. “Sicinga ukuba ubungakanani beemvavanyo buqhuba ngendlela abababandakanyeka ngayo ootata,” utshilo uRill, “kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba xa amadoda athe azibandakanya njengabakhathaleliyo, uvavanyo lwawo luyancipha. Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo zingatshintsha i-biology. Siyazi, umzekelo, ukuba amanqanaba e testosterone asehla xa amadoda ebandakanyeka kootata. ”
Omnye umbuzo obalulekileyo kukuba ingaba indawo ebuntwaneni inokuthi ichaphazele ubungakanani bovavanyo. "Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba amakhwenkwe afumana uxinzelelo lwabantwana atshintsha indlela yobomi babo," utshilo uRiling. "Okanye amakhwenkwe angenatata asabela ekubeni angabikho utata wawo ngokuthatha isicwangciso esigxininisa umzamo wokukhulisa umntwana ngenxa yeenzame zokuba ngumzali."
Olu phononongo lugxile kuphela kukhathalelo lukatata ngqo, kwaye hayi kwiindlela zononophelo, njengokukhusela abantwana kunye nokufumana imali yokuzixhasa.
Kumashumi eminyaka ukusukela kwi-1960s, inani labasetyhini abakhulisa abantwana bebodwa e-United States lenyuke ngokumangalisayo. “Nangona kukho amakhaya amaninzi angenabo ootata, xa ootata bejikeleze, bathanda ukubandakanyeka kakhulu kunakwiminyaka edlulileyo,” utshilo uMascaro.
Uninzi lweencwadi ezikhoyo zesayensi ekukhuliseni zigxile koomama, amanqaku e-Rill. "Oomama ngokuqinisekileyo banegalelo ekukhuleni komntwana, kodwa ootata ababalulekanga kwaye indima yabo iyaqwalaselwa."
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