- 16:30 03 May 2013 ngu Andy Coghlan kwaye USara Reardon
Umhleli weendwendwe: "Enye incwadi akufuneki iyalele uphando lwempilo yengqondo yase-US” nguAllen Frances
Elona ziko likhulu lehlabathi lophando ngempilo yengqondo liyayishiya inguqulelo entsha “yebhayibhile” yezigulo zengqondo – iNcwadi yokuHlola kunye neyoBalo lweZiphazamiso zengqondo, ukuthandabuza ubunyani bayo kwaye ichaza ukuba "izigulane ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo zifanelwe ngcono". Le bhombu iza kwiiveki ezimbalwa phambi kokupapashwa kohlaziyo lwesihlanu lwencwadana, ebizwa DSM-5.
Ngomhla wama-29 ku-Epreli, uThomas Insel, umlawuli we-US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), wakhuthaza ukutshintshwa okukhulu ekuhlukaniseni izifo ezifana ne-bipolar disorder kunye ne-schizophrenia ngokweempawu zomntu. Endaweni yoko, i-Insel ifuna ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo Ukufunyaniswa ngokungqongqo ngakumbi kusetyenziswa imfuzo, izikrini zengqondo ezibonisa iipatheni ezingaqhelekanga zomsebenzi kunye novavanyo lokuqonda.
Oku kuya kuthetha ukulahla incwadi epapashwe yiAmerican Psychiatric Association ebiyeyona nto iphambili kuphando lwengqondo kangangeminyaka engama-60.
The DSM iye yabandakanyeka kwiimpikiswano kangangenani leminyaka. Abahlalutyi baye bathi kuye kwanjalo kudlule ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iguqule izikhalazo ezingezizo izifo ngokwenene zibe ziimeko zonyango, kwaye kuye kwaba njalo iphenjelelwe ngokungafanelekanga ziinkampani ezixuba amayeza ukukhangela iimarike ezintsha zamachiza abo.
Kukwakho nezikhalazo zokuba iinkcazo ezibanzi zezifo ezininzi ezikhokelele kuko ukuxilongwa ngokugqithiseleyo kweemeko njenge ukuxhuzula kwaye ingqalelo yokungaphumeleli kokugula.
Ngoku, u-Insel uthe kwisithuba seblogi epapashwe yi-NIMH afuna ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo kuyo Uxilongo olusekelwe kwisayensi hayi iimpawu.
"Ngokungafaniyo neenkcazo zethu zesifo senhliziyo ye-ischemic, i-lymphoma okanye i-AIDS, ukuxilongwa kwe-DSM kusekelwe kwimvumelwano malunga namaqela eempawu zeklinikhi, kungekhona nayiphi na injongo yebhubhoratri," kusho u-Insel. "Kulo lonke iyeza, oku kuya kulingana nokudala iinkqubo zokuxilonga ezisekwe kubume bentlungu yesifuba, okanye umgangatho womkhuhlane."
U-Insel uthi kwezinye iindawo kwezonyango olu hlobo loxilongo olusekelwe kwiimpawu luye lwayekwa kwisithuba senkulungwane edlulileyo njengoko izazinzulu ziye zafunda ukuba iimpawu zodwa azifane zibonise olona nyango lufanelekileyo.
Ukukhawulezisa utshintsho kuxilongo olusekwe kwibhayoloji, i-Insel ithanda indlela equlathwe yinkqubo eyasungulwa kwiinyanga ezili-18 ezidlulileyo kwi-NIMH ebizwa ngokuba Iprojekthi yeekhrayitheriya zeDomain yoPhando.
Indlela isekelwe kuluvo lokuba ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ziingxaki zebhayoloji ezibandakanya iisekethe zobuchopho eziyalela iipateni ezithile zolwazi, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha. Ukugxila ekuphatheni ezi ngxaki, kunokuba iimpawu zithembeke ukuba zibonelele ngcono kwizigulane.
“Asinakuphumelela ukuba siyasebenzisa DSM Iindidi njengomgangatho wegolide, utshilo u-Insel. “Kungoko i-NIMH iza kube ihlengahlengisa uphando lwayo kude DSM iindidi,” utshilo u-Insel.
Oogqirha bengqondo abaziwayo abaqhagamshelwe ngu Scientist New Ixhasa ngokubanzi inyathelo lenkalipho lika-Insel. Nangona kunjalo, bathi banikwe ixesha eliya kuthatha ukuqonda umbono we-Insel, ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango luya kuqhubeka lusekelwe kwiimpawu.
U-Insel uyazi ukuba le nto ayicebisayo iyakuthatha ixesha - mhlawumbi ishumi leminyaka ubuncinci, kodwa ulibona njengenyathelo lokuqala lokuzisa "iyeza elichanekileyo" athi litshintshile ukuxilongwa nonyango lomhlaza.
"Kunokutshintsha umdlalo, kodwa kufuneka kusekwe kwisayensi esisiseko ethembekileyo," utshilo USimon Wessely weZiko leNgqondo kwiKholeji yaseKing eLondon. "Yeyexesha elizayo, kunokuba kube ngoku, kodwa nantoni na ephucula ukuqonda i-etiology kunye nemfuza yesifo iya kuba ngcono [kunokuxilongwa okusekelwe kwiimpawu]."
UMichael Owen weYunivesithi yaseCardiff, owayekwiqela elisebenzayo le-psychosis DSM-5, uyavuma. "Uphando kufuneka luphume kuxinzelelo lwamacandelo angoku okuxilongwa," utshilo. Kodwa njengoWessely, uthi kusesekuseni kakhulu ukulahla iindidi ezikhoyo.
UOwen uthi: “Ezi zizifo ezintsonkothileyo. "Ukuqonda i-neuroscience ngobunzulu obaneleyo kunye neenkcukacha zokwakha inkqubo yokuxilongwa kuya kuthatha ixesha elide, kodwa okwangoku, oogqirha kusafuneka benze umsebenzi wabo."
UDavid Clark weDyunivesithi yaseOxford uthi uyonwabile ukuba i-NIMH ixhasa ngezimali uxilongo olusekwe kwisayensi kuzo zonke iindidi zezifo ezikhoyo. “Nangona kunjalo, inzuzo yesigulana mhlawumbi ikude, kwaye kuya kufuneka ibonakaliswe,” utshilo.
Ingxabano kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqhambuke ngakumbi esidlangalaleni kwinyanga ezayo xa Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika ibamba intlanganiso yayo yonyaka eSan Francisco, apho DSM-5 iya kuqaliswa ngokusesikweni, kwaye ngoJuni eLondon xa iZiko leNgqondo yeNgqondo libambe a intlanganiso yeentsuku ezimbini kwiDSM.
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