Wannan shafin yana bayyana tsarin da ya ga Cututtukan Halin Jima'i na Tilas da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yarda a ICD-11. Dubi kasan shafi don takaddun muhawara akan rabe-raben CSBD.
Ana iya gano masu shan batsa ta amfani da Littafin Binciken WHO (ICD-11)
Kamar yadda ka ji, a cikin 2013 masu gyara na Bincike da Bayanan Lissafi (DSM-5), wadda ta bada alamun bincikar lafiyar tunanin mutum, ta ƙi ƙãra wani cuta da ake kira "Saduwa da Ƙwararriya." Irin wannan ganewar da aka iya amfani dashi don gano zancen jima'i. Masana sun ce cewa wannan ya haifar da manyan matsaloli ga waɗanda ke fama da wahala:
Wannan cirewa ya hana yin rigakafi, binciken, da kuma maganin kulawa, da kuma likitan asibitin ba tare da ganewa na al'ada ba saboda rashin halayyar jima'i.
Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya don ceto
The World Health Organization ya wallafa littafin kansa, wanda aka sani da Kayan Kayan Ƙasa na Duniya (ICD), wanda ya hada da lambobin bincike don dukan cututtukan da aka sani, ciki har da rashin lafiya na tunanin mutum. An yi amfani da shi a dukan duniya, kuma ana buga shi a ƙarƙashin ikon haƙƙin mallaka.
To, me yasa DSM yayi amfani dashi a Amurka? APA yana inganta yin amfani da DSM a maimakon ICD saboda APA na samun miliyoyin daloli sayar da kayayyakin haƙƙin mallaka da suka shafi DSM. Duk sauran wurare a duniya, duk da haka, mafi yawan masu aikin sun dogara da ICD kyauta. A gaskiya ma, lambobin lambobin biyu a cikin littattafai guda biyu sun dace da ICD.
An ƙaddamar da bugu na gaba na ICD, ICD-11, a watan Mayu, 2019, sannu a hankali za a fitar da ƙasa ta ƙasa. Ga harshen ƙarshe.
Ga rubutun ganewar asali:
6C72 Harkokin halayen jima'i mai tsanani ana siffanta shi da yanayin gazawar sarrafa matsananciyar sha'awa, maimaita sha'awar jima'i ko buri da ke haifar da maimaita halayen jima'i. Alamun na iya haɗawa da maimaita ayyukan jima'i da zama babban abin da ke mayar da hankali ga rayuwar mutum har zuwa ga rashin kula da lafiya da kulawa ko wasu bukatu, ayyuka da nauyi; ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce da yawa waɗanda ba su yi nasara ba don rage yawan halayen jima'i; da ci gaba da maimaita halayen jima'i duk da mummunan sakamako ko samun ɗan gamsuwa ko rashin gamsuwa daga gare ta. Misalin gazawar sarrafa matsananciyar sha'awa, sha'awar jima'i ko buri da sakamakon maimaita halayen jima'i yana bayyana na tsawon lokaci (misali, watanni 6 ko sama da haka), kuma yana haifar da matsananciyar wahala ko babban lahani a cikin sirri, dangi, zamantakewa, ilimi, na sana'a, ko wasu muhimman wuraren aiki. Damuwar da ke da alaƙa gaba ɗaya da hukunce-hukuncen ɗabi'a da rashin yarda game da sha'awar jima'i, buri, ko ɗabi'a bai isa ya cika wannan buƙatu ba.
Siffofin Mahimmanci (Ake Bukata):
Tsarin kasawa mai tsayin daka don sarrafa matsananciyar sha'awa, maimaita sha'awar jima'i ko buri da ke haifar da maimaita halayen jima'i, wanda aka bayyana a ɗaya ko fiye na masu zuwa:
- Shiga cikin maimaita halayen jima'i ya zama babban abin da ke mayar da hankali kan rayuwar mutum har zuwa ga rashin kula da lafiya da kulawa ko wasu bukatu, ayyuka da nauyi.
- Mutumin ya yi ƙoƙari da yawa marasa nasara don sarrafawa ko rage yawan halayen jima'i.
- Mutumin ya ci gaba da yin jima'i maimaituwa duk da mummunan sakamako (misali, rikicin aure saboda halayen jima'i, sakamakon kuɗi ko shari'a, mummunan tasiri akan lafiya).
- Mutumin ya ci gaba da yin jima'i maimaituwa koda lokacin da mutum ya sami ɗan gamsuwa ko kaɗan daga gare ta.
Misalin gazawa don sarrafa matsananciyar sha'awar jima'i, maimaituwar sha'awa ko sha'awar jima'i da sakamakon maimaita halayen jima'i yana bayyana na tsawon lokaci (misali, watanni 6 ko fiye).
Misalin gazawa don sarrafa matsananciyar sha'awar jima'i mai maimaitawa ko buri da haifar da maimaita halayen jima'i ba a fi la'akari da shi ta wani cuta ta hankali ba (misali, Manic Episode) ko wani yanayin likita kuma ba saboda tasirin wani abu ko magani ba.
Halin maimaita halayen jima'i yana haifar da gayyata na damuwa ko rashin ƙarfi a cikin mutum, iyali, zamantakewa, ilimi, sana'a, ko wasu muhimman wuraren aiki. Damuwar da ke da alaƙa gaba ɗaya da hukunce-hukuncen ɗabi'a da ƙin yarda game da sha'awar jima'i, buri, ko ɗabi'a bai isa ya cika wannan buƙatu ba.
Sabuwar "Harkokin halayen jima'i mai tsanani"(CSBD) ganewar asali yana taimaka wa mutane samun magani da kuma taimakawa masu bincike a binciken amfani da batsa na tilastawa. Koyaya, wannan filin yana da siyasa don haka wasu masana ilimin jima'i sun ci gaba da yaƙin neman zaɓe don musanta cewa cutar ta shafi amfani da batsa na tilastawa. Wannan ba sabon rikici bane a cikin wani dogon yakin neman zabe. Don ƙarin bayani game da ƙoƙarin kwanan nan, duba Propagandists sun ɓata waƙa da takardun da aka yi wa matasa da kuma ICD-11 abubuwan bincike don samar da yaduwar karya cewa WHO WHO-ICN-11 "ta ƙi cin hanci da jima'i da jima'i".
A cikin 2022, ICD-11 ta yi ƙoƙarin kawo ƙarshen farfagandar farfagandar masana ilimin jima'i da ajanda ta hanyar sake fasalin "Ƙarin Fasalolin Asibiti” sashe don ambaton “amfani da batsa” musamman.
Za'a iya bayyana matsalar Halayen Jima'i na Tilas a cikin halaye iri-iri, gami da halayen jima'i da wasu, al'aura, al'aura, amfani da batsa, cybersex (jima'in intanet), jima'i ta wayar tarho, da sauran nau'ikan halayen jima'i mai maimaitawa.
A yanzu, ICD-11 ta karɓi tsarin ra'ayin mazan jiya, jira-da-duba tsarin kuma ya sanya CSBD a cikin rukunin "Rashin kula da sha'awa" (wanda shine inda caca ta fara kafin a koma zuwa rukunin da ake kira "Rashin lahani saboda amfani da kayan abu ko halayen jaraba.” Ƙarin bincike zai ƙayyade wurin hutunsa na ƙarshe. (A halin yanzu, an sabunta DSM ɗin da ke mamaye ilimin jima'i ba tare da haɗa CSBD kwata-kwata ba! Abin Mamaki.
Muhawarar ilimi tana ci gaba da tafiya kamar yadda kuke gani a kasan wannan shafi. Masana kimiyyar neuroscientists da ƙwararrun jaraba suna ci gaba da iliminsu na asali dangane da canje-canjen kwakwalwa ga duk abubuwan jaraba (halaye da abu). Masana ilimin jima'i suna ci gaba da kare abubuwan da suka dace, sau da yawa ajandar ("batsa ba za ta taba zama matsala ba") bincike da farfaganda.
Kayan aiki na asali
Tsaunukan bincike sun nuna cewa jarabar ɗabi'a (cin abincin abinci, wasan caca, wasan bidiyo, Intanit yanar gizo da kuma batsa batsa) da kuma abubuwan da aka ba da jima'i suna raba da yawa mahimman tsari jagora zuwa tarin fasalin gyare-gyare a cikin kwakwalwar jiki da kuma ilmin sunadarai.
Dangane da sabbin ci gaban kimiyya, sukar tsarin jarabar halayen jima'i suna ƙara rashin tushe kuma sun tsufa (kuma babu wani nazarin da ya sabawa ka'idar buri). Taimakawa tsarin ƙari, akwai yanzu fiye da 60 nazarin ilimin jijiya akan masu amfani da batsa / jima'i. Tare da togiya ɗaya kawai, suna bayyana canje-canjen kwakwalwa waɗanda ke madubi waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin masu shan abubuwa (da da dama daga cikin nazarin wallafe-wallafen da suka danganci neuroscience). Bugu da ƙari, Yawancin karatu suna ba da rahoton binciken daidai da haɓakar amfani da batsa (haƙuri), al'ada ga batsa, har ma da alamun cirewa. - waxanda dukkansu ke nuna alamun jaraba.
Muhimman al'amura
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ce ke daukar nauyin ICD. Bisa ga Manufar ICD, "Yana ba da damar duniya ta kwatanta da raba bayanan kiwon lafiya ta amfani da harshe gama gari. ICD ta bayyana sararin samaniya na cututtuka, cututtuka, raunuka da sauran yanayin kiwon lafiya masu dangantaka. An jera waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ta hanyar da ta dace don a rufe komai." (Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya, 2018). Manufar, don haka, ita ce a rufe kowace halaltacciyar matsalar lafiya, ta yadda za a iya bin diddiginta da yin nazari a duniya.
Duk likitocin (masu ilimin likitanci, ƙwararrun lafiyar hankali, ƙwararrun likitocin asibiti, masu ba da jiyya na jaraba da waɗanda ke aiki a cikin rigakafin) suna ba da fifiko ga ganowar ICD na CSBD.
Duk da haka, ka tuna cewa akwai wasu fannonin ilimi. Yawancin wadanda ba likitoci ba, alal misali, suna da nasu manufa. Suna iya ma samun abubuwan motsa jiki waɗanda ke cin karo da samun taimakon marasa lafiya da suke buƙata, kuma wasu lokuta suna da muryoyin murya sosai a cikin latsawa. Ƙungiyoyin da wasu lokuta sukan shiga cikin wannan rukunin marasa aikin likita a cikin kafofin watsa labaru na yau da kullum, masana'antun wasan kwaikwayo da na batsa (da masu binciken su), masana ilimin zamantakewa, wasu masana kimiyyar jima'i, da masu binciken kafofin watsa labarai.
Ba sabon abu ba ne ga manyan masana'antu su biya "shugabannin tunani" manyan masu riƙewa don yin magana a kan matsayi waɗanda irin waɗannan masana'antu zasu so su zama / ci gaba da manufofin. Don haka, yayin da kuke karanta labarai a cikin jaridu na yau da kullun, ku tuna cewa fannoni daban-daban wataƙila suna da dalilai daban-daban. Yana da kyau a yi tambaya ko wasu dalilai na masu magana da yawun sun inganta jin daɗin ɗan adam, ko kuma suna lalata jin daɗin rayuwa.
Muhawarar Rabewa: Takardu game da yadda mafi kyawun rarraba CSBD a cikin ICD-11 (tare da taƙaitaccen bayani daga wasu):
Ba za a keɓance matsalar Halayyar Jima'i ta tilastawa ta hanyar dogaro kawai da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa ba. Sharhi ga muhawara: "Addiction na hali a cikin ICD-11" (2022)
Daidaita tare da hanyoyin zamani don fahimtar halaye na jaraba (misali, Brand et al., 2019; Perales et al., 2020), muna jayayya cewa yin la'akari da hangen nesa na tushen tsari zai taimaka wajen bayyana ko CSBD na iya zama mafi kyawun ra'ayi a cikin tsarin jaraba.
A cikin wannan takarda, an tattauna idan har abada halin rashin jima'i (CSBD) shine mafi kyawun rikice-rikice, rikice-rikice rikice-rikice, cuta mai rikitarwa a matsayin halaye masu ban sha'awa. Siffofin da suka mamaye su sune: asarar iko akan dabi'un da suka wuce kima, ba da fifiko ga wuce gona da iri da ake bincike da kuma tabbatar da irin wannan hali duk da mummunan sakamako. Bayan ƙwaƙƙwaran shaida game da hanyoyin da ke ƙasa, phenomenology kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa don rarraba CSBD daidai. Abubuwan ban mamaki na CSBD suna magana a sarari na rarraba CSBD a ƙarƙashin laima na halayen jaraba.
baya ga rawar da korau ƙarfafa dalilai cewa Gola et al. (2022) bayyana a matsayin babbar hanya a cikin ci gaban CSBD, a asibiti, a kalla a farkon tsarin ci gaba mai kama da amfani da kayan aiki. tabbataccen ƙarfafa ƙarfafawa yawanci suna da mahimmanci. Wannan yana canzawa a cikin tsarin ci gaba4. Hoto 1 yana misalta yadda wannan zai iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na "jaraba kamar" tare da ɓangarori na sha'awa, tilastawa, da jaraba.
Yayin da Brand da abokan aiki suka mayar da hankali kan ko ka'idodin da hanyoyin da ke tattare da halayen jaraba suna da amfani ga abubuwan da aka gabatar da su gabaɗayan hankali, muna iya tsammanin kuma yakamata mu ƙarfafa muhawara kan madaidaicin yanayin halaye da hanyoyin jaraba…
..darajar tsarin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwar jama'a mai ruɓani game da amfani da kayan maye da yanayin jaraba yana da mahimmanci don rage cutarwa. Inda darussa daga aiki akan hanyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwar jama'a zuwa rashin amfani da kayan maye da kuma matsalar caca, sun dace da sauran abubuwan da aka tsara na ɗabi'a, wannan na iya zama muhimmiyar hujja don haɗa su ƙarƙashin wannan ƙa'idar.
Wannan sharhi yayi nazarin shawarar da Brand et al. (2022) game da tsarin da ke bayyana ma'auni masu dacewa don yin la'akari da yiwuwar jarabar hali a cikin Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Ƙasashen Duniya na Cutar (ICD-11) na 'sauran ƙayyadaddun cututtuka saboda halayen jaraba'. Mun yarda da tsarin yayin da yake ba da haske game da hangen nesa na asibiti da ke buƙatar rarrabuwa da ma'auni da aka yarda da su don samar da ingantattun hanyoyin bincike da ingantattun jiyya. Bugu da ƙari, muna ba da shawarar ƙara buƙatar fahimtar yuwuwar halayen jaraba ta hanyar haɗa ma'auni na huɗu na meta: 'shaidar adabin launin toka'.
Lalacewa saboda halayen jaraba: ƙarin batutuwa, muhawara, da jayayya • Sharhi ga muhawara: "Addiction na hali a cikin ICD-11" (2022)
Sabawa rabe-rabe, sunayen sunaye, da ka'idojin bincike na Tilasta Halin Hali na Jima'i (CSBD) da kwatance na gaba • Sharhi ga muhawara: "Addictions na hali a cikin ICD-11 (2022)
Halayen lafiyar tunani da jima'i na Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Cututtuka na Ƙasashen Duniya (ICD-11) Rashin Halin Halin Jima'i na Tilastawa • Sharhi ga muhawara: "Addictions na hali a cikin ICD-11" (2022)
Shin yakamata a yi la'akari da halayen jima'i na tilastawa (CSB) azaman jarabar ɗabi'a? Takardar muhawara ta gabatar da ra'ayi mai adawa (2022)
Ma'auni don kafa sabon jarabar ɗabi'a • Sharhi kan muhawara: "Addictions na ɗabi'a a cikin ICD-11" (2022)
Kimanta rikice-rikicen halayen jima'i a tsakanin 'yan madigo, 'yan luwaɗi, bisexual, transgender, da abokan ciniki masu ƙima.
Rashin hankali saboda halayen jaraba: Ƙarin batutuwa, muhawara, da jayayya • Sharhi kan muhawara: "Addictions na hali a cikin ICD-11"(2022)
Hankalin lafiyar kwakwalwa da jima'i na Rarraba Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD-11) Rikicin Halin Jima'i na Tilas (ta hanyar masu musun jaraba)
Sabunta. Duba wadannan abubuwan 2 don ƙarin bayani:
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