Tattaunawa game da "Canjin jigilar mawuyacin hali ta hanyar hotunan jima'i a cikin masu amfani da matsala da kuma jituwa marasa jituwa da jaraba na batsa" (Aiki da al., 2015)

Gabatarwa

Saboda wannan binciken EEG ya ba da rahoton yawan amfani da batsa da ya shafi ƙarancin kunna kwakwalwa ga batsa na vanilla, an jera shi azaman goyon bayan hasashen cewa amfani da batsa na yau da kullun yana daidaita sha'awar jima'i. A taƙaice, masu amfani da batsa da yawa suna jin gajiya da hotunan batsa na ho-hum (bincikensa yayi daidai da Kuhn & Gallinat., 2014 ). Waɗannan binciken sun yi daidai da haƙuri, alamar jaraba. An bayyana haƙuri a matsayin raguwar amsawar mutum ga magani ko abin da ke motsa jiki wanda shine sakamakon amfani da shi akai-akai.

Takardun goma da aka bita yarda da kimar YBOP na Yi amfani da al al., 2015 (hanyoyi ne don magancewa Yi amfani da al al.)

Saboda masu amfani da batsa da yawa suna da ƙarancin karanta EEG fiye da sarrafawa, babbar marubuciya Nicole Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa bincikenta na rashin kyau ya ɓatar da tsarin jarabar batsa. Prause ta yi shelar cewa karatun EEG ɗinta ya kimanta "cue-reactivity" ( hangen nesa ), maimakon al'ada. Ko da Prause ya yi daidai, ta yi watsi da ramin da ke cikin ikirarinta na "ƙarya" cikin sauƙi: Ko da Prause et al. 2015 sun sami ƙarancin amsawar alama a cikin masu amfani da batsa da yawa, wasu nazarin jijiyoyi 27 sun ba da rahoton amsawar alama ko sha'awa (hangen nesa) a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu tilastawa: 1 , 2, 3, 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 . Kimiyya ba ta tafiya da binciken da ba shi da kyau wanda ke da nasaba da kurakuran hanyoyin bincike; kimiyya tana tafiya da yawan shaidu (sai dai idan kuna da manufa ).

Sabuntawa: A cikin wannan gabatarwar ta 2018, Gary Wilson ya fallasa gaskiyar da ke bayan bincike guda 5 masu tambaya da kuma ruɗani, ciki har da nazarin EEG guda biyu na Nicole Prause ( Steele et al. , 2013 da Prause et al ., 2015): Binciken Batsa: Gaskiya ko Almara?

ABIN ABUBUWAR

Hyperbole & Daidai Da'awar

Kamar yadda aka buga shi a watan Yulin 2015, za mu kira wannan takarda da Prause et al. , 2015. Bari mu fara da tsokacin babban marubucin. Nicole Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan binciken kaɗai "ya kawar da jarabar batsa":

Wane mai bincike ne mai halal zai taɓa da'awar cewa ya karyata dukkan wani fanni na bincike kuma ya karyata duk wani bincike da ya gabata da nazarin EEG guda ɗaya?

Bugu da ƙari, Nicole Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa karatun nata ya ƙunshi batutuwa 122 (N). A zahiri, binciken yana da batutuwa 55 ne kawai waɗanda ke "fuskantar matsalolin da ke tsara yadda suke kallon hotunan jima'i". An tattara batutuwa daga Pocatello Idaho, wanda ya wuce 50% Mormon. Sauran mahalarta 67 sun kasance masu sarrafawa.

A cikin wata da'awa ta biyu mai ban mamaki, Prause et al., 2015 ya bayyana a cikin taƙaitaccen bayani da kuma a cikin jikin binciken:

" Waɗannan su ne bayanai na farko na aikin jiki na mutanen da ke bayar da rahoton matsalolin daidaita motsin jiki na jima'i ".

A bayyane yake ba haka lamarin yake ba, domin an buga binciken Cambridge fMRI kusan shekara guda da ta gabata.

A cikin da'awa ta uku da Nicole Prause ta yi ta da'awar cewa Prause et al., 2015 ita ce "babban binciken da aka yi kan jarabar batsa da aka taɓa yi". Ya kamata a lura cewa idan aka kwatanta da nazarin binciken kwakwalwa, nazarin EEG ya yi ƙasa da tsada ga kowane mutum. Yana da sauƙi a tattara babban rukuni na mutane "masu jarabar batsa" idan ba ku tantance waɗanda ake zargi da jarabar batsa ko wani yanayi na keɓewa ba (matsalolin tunani, jaraba, amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi masu tabin hankali, da sauransu). Wasu matsaloli tare da da'awar Prause:

Ba bincike bane game da jarabar batsa idan bashi da batsa. Wannan binciken, da 2 a baya sun yi karatu (Yi amfani da al al., 2013 & Steele et al., 2013), ba su tantance ko wani daga cikin batutuwa sun kasance bace ko a'a. An yi jima'i a cikin hira da cewa yawancin batutuwa basu da matsala wajen yin amfani da amfani: ba su da tsari. Dukkanin batutuwa sun kasance an tabbatar da cewa abin da ya dace ya sa 'yan ta'addanci su ba da izinin daidaitaccen tsarin tare da rukuni na bautar gumaka. Bugu da} ari, Nazarin Harkokin Kiyaye ba masanan batutuwa ba don rashin tunanin mutum, halin halayyar, ko wasu ƙari. Hudu daga cikin tuhumce-tuhumce iri na goma da ke nuni da wannan rashin daidaituwa: 2, 3, 4, 8.
"HPA dysregulation axis a cikin maza tare da rikicewar rikicewar jima'i" (2015) ana iya ɗauka a matsayin mafi yawan binciken da ke tattare da ilimin neuroscience har zuwa yau akan "maza masu luwadi" (tare da batutuwa 67 na jiyya game da jarabar jima'i, idan aka kwatanta da batutuwa 55 na Prause waɗanda suka damu game da amfani da batsa). Binciken ya tantance martanin kwakwalwa ga damuwa ta hanyar tantance wani sinadarin da kwakwalwa ke fitarwa (ACTH), da kuma wani sinadarin da kwakwalwa ke sarrafawa (cortisol). Duk da yake an buga wannan binciken ne 'yan watanni bayan haka Yi amfani da al al., 2015, Nicole Prause ta ci gaba da rike karatun EEG a matsayin mafi girma.
Ƙungiyar Brain da Haɗin Haɗin Haɗakarwa Tare da Kuskuren Ciniki: Brain on Porn (2014) - Za a iya ɗauka ya fi girma Yi amfani da al al., 2015, saboda yana da batutuwa 64, kuma duk an bincika su a hankali don abubuwan keɓancewa kamar ƙari, amfani da abu, rikicewar hankali, da rashin lafiya & ƙoshin lafiya. Nazarin Nazarin 3 bai yi haka ba.

Yi amfani da al al., 2015 Bincike Brave Wave Activity

Prause et al., 2015 wani bincike ne na Electroencephalography ko EEG. EEG yana auna aikin lantarki, ko raƙuman kwakwalwa, a kan fatar kai. Duk da cewa fasahar EEG ta kasance tsawon shekaru 100, ana ci gaba da muhawara kan abin da ke haifar da raƙuman kwakwalwa, ko kuma abin da takamaiman karatun EEG ke nufi. Sakamakon haka, ana iya fassara sakamakon gwaji ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ana kiran ƙararrawa a cikin aikin lantarki da amplitudes (a ƙasa).

Masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa wasu girman EEG (LPP, P3) na iya tantance kulawa da aka bai wa wani takamaiman abin ƙarfafawa, kamar hoto. A taƙaice, girman girma yana nuna cewa mutumin yana mai da hankali sosai ga abin ƙarfafawa na gani da aka gabatar a cikin gwajin. A cikin binciken Farko, abin ƙarfafawa shine fallasa hoton jima'i na daƙiƙa ɗaya. Wasu muhimman abubuwa:

Ƙari mafi girma, da kuma EEG mai dacewa daidai, ba zai iya gaya mana idan mutumin ya taso ba, ko kuma idan an kori su. Ƙaƙƙarrar mai girma zai iya zama kamar yadda sauƙi ya faru mummunan motsin zuciyarmu, kamar ƙyama ko damuwa.
Hakanan EEG ba zai iya gaya mana idan an kunna ladan ladabi ba ko a'a. Ya bambanta, sauran nazarin kwanan nan akan masu amfani da batsa ta Voon et al., 2014. da kuma Kuhn & Gallinat 2014 An yi amfani da fMRI don duba yanayin gyare-gyare da kuma aikin zagaye na kyauta.

A cikin wannan binciken, Prause et al. , 2015 sun kwatanta ayyukan EEG na abin da ake kira "masu jarabar batsa" (matsakaicin sa'o'i 3.8 na batsa/mako) da sarrafawa (matsakaicin sa'o'i 0.6 na batsa/mako). Kamar yadda aka zata, duka "masu jarabar batsa" da sarrafawa suna da mafi girman aikin EEG (amplitude LPP) lokacin kallon hotunan jima'i. Duk da haka, girman ya kasance ƙarami ga "masu jarabar batsa."

Yi amfani da al al., 2015 a halin yanzu yana goyon bayan Porn tsundar

Ana tsammanin mafi girma amplitude ga "batsa addicts", marubutan sun ce,

" Wannan tsari ya bambanta da samfuran jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi ."

Amma wannan yana da hankali? Kamar yadda abokin bincike ya ce, a kowane binciken akwai sakamako… kuma akwai fassarar mai binciken. Sakamakon ya bayyana sarai: Batsa na batsa ba a mai da hankali sosai ba kan hotunan batsa na vanilla da aka haska akan allo na dakika daya. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane ga duk wanda ya mamaye batsa na yau.

Binciken da Prause ta yi game da ƙananan ƙarfin LPP ga "masu jarabar batsa" idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa ya yi daidai da tsarin jaraba, duk da fassararta cewa ta "kauce wa jarabar batsa." Bincikenta yana nuna rashin jin daɗi (ko al'ada) da haƙuri, wanda shine buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfafawa. Dukansu ana ganin su a cikin masu jaraba, kuma, a wani abu mai ban tsoro, an kuma rubuta su a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu yawa waɗanda ba masu jaraba ba ne (ƙarin ƙasa).

Muhimmin batu: Idan amfani da batsa bai yi tasiri ga batutuwa na Prause ba , za mu yi tsammanin sarrafawa da "masu jarabar batsa" za su sami irin wannan girman LPP don mayar da martani ga hotunan jima'i . Madadin haka, abin da ake kira "masu jarabar batsa" na Prause yana da ƙarancin kunna kwakwalwa (ƙananan LPP) zuwa hotunan batsa na vanilla. Ina amfani da alamun ambato saboda Prause ba ta yi amfani da kayan aikin tantancewa ga masu jarabar batsa ta intanet ba, don haka ba mu da masaniya ko wasu, ko wani, daga cikin waɗanda take magana da su masu jarabar batsa ne. Domin ikirarin Prause na ƙarya da kuma labaran da suka haifar da suka zama halal, duk batutuwa 55 na Prause dole ne su kasance ainihin masu jarabar batsa . Ba wasu ba, ba mafi yawa ba, amma kowane batu guda ɗaya . Duk alamu suna nuna adadi mai yawa na waɗanda ake magana da su na 55 ba masu jaraba ba ne

An ɗauki mutanen daga Pocatello Idaho ta hanyar tallan kan layi suna neman mutanen da ke " matsalolin daidaita kallon hotunan jima'i ". Pocatello Idaho ya fi kashi 50% na Mormon, don haka da yawa daga cikin waɗanda ke cikin shirin na iya jin cewa duk wani adadin amfani da batsa matsala ce mai girma. A cikin mummunan lahani na hanya, babu ɗayan waɗanda aka tantance don jarabar batsa. A wani kuskuren hanya, tallan ya iyakance ɗaukar ma'aikata ga waɗanda ke da matsala da "hotunan jima'i kawai ". Tunda yawancin masu amfani da batsa masu tilastawa suna kallon shirye-shiryen bidiyo masu yawo, shin wannan ya ɓatar da mahalarta sosai?

Kada ku yi kuskure, Steele et al. , 2013 ko Prause et al ., 2015 sun bayyana waɗannan batutuwa 55 a matsayin masu jarabar batsa ko masu amfani da batsa masu tilastawa. Mutanen sun yarda cewa suna jin "damuwa" ne kawai saboda amfani da batsa. Ta hanyar tabbatar da yanayin gaurayen batutuwarta, Prause ta yarda a cikin hirar 2013 cewa wasu daga cikin batutuwa 55 sun fuskanci ƙananan matsaloli kawai (wanda ke nufin ba masu jarabar batsa ba ne):

"Wannan binciken ya haɗa da mutanen da suka bayar da rahoton matsaloli, tun daga ƙananan matsaloli zuwa manyan matsaloli, suna sarrafa kallonsu na abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awar jima'i."

Ta yaya zaku iya lalata tsarin jarabar batsa idan yawancin "masu lalata da batsa" ba 'yan batsa bane da gaske? Ba za ku iya ba.

Binciken Prause et al. ya yi daidai da Kühn & Gallinat (2014) , wanda ya gano cewa yawan amfani da batsa yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin kunna kwakwalwa a cikin masu amfani da yawa (waɗanda ba masu shan kwayoyi ba ) lokacin da aka fallasa su ga hotunan jima'i (daƙiƙa .530). Masu binciken sun ce:

"Wannan ya yi daidai da hasashen cewa yawan fallasa ga abubuwan batsa yana haifar da raguwar amsawar jijiyoyi ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa ."

Kühn & Gallinat sun kuma bayar da rahoton ƙarin amfani da batsa wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin lada mai launi da kuma katse hanyoyin da ke tattare da sarrafa motsin rai. A cikin wannan labarin, mai bincike Simone Kühn, ya ce:

"Wannan na iya nufin cewa yin amfani da batsa na yau da kullum ko fiye ko žasa ya fitar da tsarin aikin ku."

Kühn ya ce a halin da ake ciki a hankali, wallafe-wallafen kimiyya sun nuna masu amfani da batsa suna neman abu da littafi da kuma wasan kwaikwayo mafi tsanani.

"Wannan zai dace daidai da tsammanin tsarin haɗin su na bukatar ƙarfafawa."

Wani bincike na EEG ya gano cewa yawan amfani da batsa ga mata yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin kunna kwakwalwa ga batsa. A taƙaice, waɗanda ke amfani da batsa fiye da kima na iya buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfafawa don matakin amsawa da aka gani a cikin masu amfani da haske, kuma hotunan batsa na vanilla ba za su yi rijista a matsayin duk abin sha'awa ba. Ƙarancin sha'awa, daidai yake da ƙarancin kulawa, da ƙarancin karatun EEG. Ƙarshen labarin.

Yi amfani da al al., 2015 ya yarda da haka Kühn & Gallinat 2014 iya zama daidai

A cikin ɓangaren tattaunawa, Yi amfani da al al, da aka ambata Kühn & Gallinat kuma sun miƙa shi azaman bayani mai yiwuwa ga ƙananan tsarin LPP. Tana kan hanya madaidaiciya, kuma yana da kyau fassarar ta sannan ta ɗauki juyawa daga bayanan ta. Wataƙila ƙaƙƙarfan son nuna bambanci game da jarabar batsa ya tsara fassarorinta. Ta tsohon Shafin yanar gizo ya nuna cewa ta iya rashin rashin daidaituwa da ake buƙata don binciken kimiyya:

"Nazarin dalilin da yasa mutane suka zaɓi shiga cikin halayen jima'i ba tare da yin amfani da jaraba ba"

Abin mamaki, hotunan da Kühn da Prause suka yi amfani da su sun bambanta sosai da bidiyon "bayyane" na daƙiƙa 9 da aka yi amfani da su a cikin binciken fMRI na Cambridge na 2014 , wanda ya gano kamanceceniya tsakanin kwakwalwar masu shan batsa da na masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Waɗannan masu binciken sun gano cewa akwai ƙarin ayyukan cibiyar lada a cikin masu shan batsa dangane da bidiyon, wanda yake kama da na masu shan muggan kwayoyi.

Nazarin batsa ta intanet da fassararsu sun yi rikitarwa ta hanyar cewa kallon hotunan batsa (hotuna ko bidiyo) hali ne na jaraba, maimakon kawai alama. Idan aka kwatanta, kallon hotunan kwalaben vodka alama ce ta mai shan giya. Duk da cewa wannan alamar na iya haskaka kwakwalwarta fiye da kwakwalwar mai iko, mai shan giya yana buƙatar ƙarin barasa don samun hayaniya. Masu amfani da batsa masu yawa a cikin nazarin Kühn da Prause a bayyane yake suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfafawa (bidiyo?) don nuna hayaniyarsu. Ba su mayar da martani akai-akai ga hotuna kawai ba. Wannan shaida ce ta haƙuri (da canje-canjen kwakwalwa da suka shafi jaraba).

Sabuntawa akan taken twitter na Nicole Prause:

UCLA ba ta sabunta kwangilar Prause ba. Ba ta da wata alaƙa da kowace jami'a tun farkon 2015.
A watan Oktoba, 2015 An dakatar da asusun ajiyar bankin Twitter na Prause na asali har abada saboda tursasawa

A cikin Her 2013 EEG Nazarin kuma a blog Post Yi amfani da Ƙasar da za a yi amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar Brain zai nuna Habituation ko Addin

Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa bincikenta na EEG na 2013 shine karo na farko da aka rubuta karatun EEG ga abin da ake kira "masu auren mata." Tunda wannan "farko" Prause ya yarda cewa hasashe ne kawai game da ko "masu auren mata" ya kamata su sami mafi girma ko ƙananan karatun EEG fiye da kulawar lafiya:

"Ganin cewa wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka rubuta ERPs a cikin maza da mata, kuma wallafe-wallafe game da jaraba (mafi girma P300) da impulsivity (ƙananan P300) suna ba da shawarar kishiyar tsinkaya, an nuna takamaiman tasirin yin luwadi tsakanin maza da mata a mafi yawan ka'idoji." [Wato, ba tare da tushe mai yawa ba.]

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a nan , binciken EEG na Prause na 2013 ba shi da ƙungiyar kulawa, don haka ba zai iya kwatanta karatun EEG na "masu shan batsa" da "marasa shan kwayoyi ba." Sakamakon haka, bincikenta na 2013 bai gaya mana komai game da karatun EEG ga ko dai mutane masu lafiya ko "masu sha'awar jima'i ba." Bari mu ci gaba da ra'ayoyin Prause daga 2013:

"Saboda haka, mutanen da ke da sha'awar jima'i mai yawa na iya nuna babban bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin P300 tsakanin ƙarfin jima'i da ƙarfin tsaka-tsaki saboda yawan motsin rai da abubuwan da ke cikin motsin rai. A madadin haka, ƙaramin ko babu bambancin girman P300 za a iya auna shi saboda al'ada ga VSS. "

A cikin 2013, Prause ya ce masu shan batsa, idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa, na iya nuna :

mafi girma Siffofin EEG saboda cue-reactivity zuwa hotuna, ko
m Lissafin EEG saboda halaye zuwa batsa (VSS).

Watanni biyar kafin a buga nazarinta na EEG na 2013, Prause da David Ley sun haɗu don rubuta wannan rubutun blog na Psychology Today game da bincikenta mai zuwa. A ciki sun yi iƙirarin cewa " rage amsawar lantarki " zai nuna ɗabi'a ko rashin jin daɗi:

Amma, lokacin da aka ba wa waɗannan mutane EEG, yayin da suke kallon abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa, sakamakon ya kasance abin mamaki, kuma bai yi daidai da ka'idar jarabar jima'i ba kwata-kwata. Idan kallon batsa a zahiri yana da alaƙa (ko kuma yana rage jin daɗi), kamar yadda ƙwayoyi ke yi, to kallon batsa zai rage amsawar lantarki a cikin kwakwalwa . A gaskiya ma, a cikin waɗannan sakamakon, babu irin wannan martanin. Madadin haka, mahalarta gabaɗaya sun nuna ƙaruwar martanin kwakwalwa ta lantarki ga hotunan batsa da aka nuna musu, kamar kwakwalwar "mutane na yau da kullun"…

Don haka, muna da 2013 Prause tana cewa "rage amsawar lantarki" zai nuna al'ada ko rashin jin daɗi. Amma yanzu, a cikin 2015, lokacin da Prause ta sami shaidar rashin jin daɗi (wanda aka saba gani a cikin masu shan muggan kwayoyi), tana gaya mana "rage amsawar lantarki" ta musanta jarabar batsa. Shin?

A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, sai da Prause ta kwatanta bayanan da ta samu na gajiya da ƙungiyar masu kula da ita, ta yi cikakken flip-flop. Yanzu, ta yi iƙirarin cewa shaidar rashin jin daɗin da ta samu lokacin da ta ƙara da cewa ƙungiyar masu kula da ita ba shaida ce ta jaraba ba (wanda ta yi iƙirarin a cikin 2013). Madadin haka, ta sake nacewa tana da "jarabawar da aka musanta." Wannan ba ta dace ba kuma ba ta da kimiyya, kuma tana ba da shawarar cewa duk da binciken da aka yi akasin haka, za ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana da "jarabawar da aka musanta." A zahiri, sai dai idan 2015 Prause ta ƙi nazarin Prause na 2013 da kuma rubutun blog ɗinta, za ta zama dole ta " kira jarabar banza ."

Af, ɓangaren da ke sama - "gabaɗaya mahalarta sun nuna karuwar martanin kwakwalwa ta lantarki ga hotunan batsa" - yana da rikitarwa. Tabbas al'ada ce a sami martani mafi girma ga hotunan jima'i fiye da hotunan yanayin ƙasa mara tsaka tsaki. Duk da haka, binciken Prause na 2013 ba shi da ƙungiyar kulawa, kuma bai kwatanta karatun EEG na masu shan batsa da waɗanda ba sa shan kwayoyi ba. Da zarar ta ƙara ƙungiyar kulawa, a bayyane yake cewa sha'awar amsawa ga hotunan batsa al'ada ce kuma tasirin ya ɓace. Madadin haka, waɗanda abin ya shafa sun zama suna fama da rashin jin daɗi , tsarin jaraba. A takaice, sakamakon Prause na 2013 ba shi da ma'ana (duba ƙasa), yayin da kanun labaranta na 2015 suka saba wa duk abin da ta faɗa a baya. Ta yi iƙirarin ƙaryata jaraba yayin da take gano shaidar hakan.

Matsalar rashin lafiya Har yanzu

1) Kamar yadda tare da Yi nazarin nazarin 2013 EEG (Steele et al.), Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan binciken sun kasance maza, mata kuma mai yiwuwa "waɗanda ba maza ba ne". Dukkanin shaidu suna nuna cewa amfani yayi amfani da batutuwa iri ɗaya don karatun ta na yanzu da kuma karatun ta na 2013: yawan mata iri ɗaya ne (13) kuma adadin da ke kusa (52 vs. 55). Idan haka ne, wannan karatun na yanzu shima sun hada da 7 "ba-maza da mata". Wannan batu, saboda ya saba wa hanya ta hanyar nazarin jaraba, inda masu bincike suka zaɓa kama batutuwa dangane da shekaru, jinsi, fuskantarwa, ko da makamancin IQ ne (da ƙungiya mai kula da kamfani) don kaucewa hargitsi da irin wannan bambance-bambance. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga nazarin kamar wannan, wanda ya zaku da sha'awar jima'i, kamar yadda bincike ya tabbatar da cewa maza da mata suna da mahimmancin ra'ayoyin kwakwalwa ga jima'i ko fina-finai (Nazarin: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14). Wannan kuskuren kawai ya kira tambayoyin karatun Prause.

2) Ba a riga an tantance batutuwa na Prause ba. Nazarin kwakwalwa na jaraba masu inganci yana tantance mutanen da ke da yanayin da suka riga suka kasance (baƙin ciki, OCD, wasu jaraba, da sauransu). Wannan ita ce hanya ɗaya tilo da masu bincike masu alhakin za su iya yanke shawara game da jaraba. Duba nazarin Jami'ar Cambridge don misali na ingantaccen tantancewa & hanyar aiki.

3) Tambayoyi guda biyu da aka dogara da su a cikin binciken EEG guda biyu don tantance "jarabar batsa" ba a tabbatar da su ba don tantance amfani da batsa / jaraba ta intanet. An ƙirƙiri Sikelin Haɗakar Jima'i (SCS) a cikin 1995 don auna halayen jima'i don taimakawa wajen kimanta haɗarin cutar kanjamau, kuma musamman ba a tabbatar da su ba ga mata. SCS ta ce :

"Yakamata ya kamata a nuna sikelin a matsayin hangen nesa na halayen jima'i, lambobi na masu yin jima'i, yin aiki da dama na halin jima'i, da kuma tarihin cututtukan cututtuka da ake jima'i."

Bugu da ƙari, mai gabatarwa na SCS yayi kashedin cewa wannan kayan aiki ba zai nuna ilimin kwakwalwa a cikin mata ba,

"Ƙungiyoyi tsakanin jima'i da kuma sauran alamomi na ilimin lissafi sun nuna alamu daban-daban ga maza da mata; halayen jima'i an hade da alamun ilimin kimiyya a maza amma ba cikin mata ba. "

Kamar SCS, tambayoyin tambayoyi na biyu ( CBSOB ) ba su da tambayoyi game da amfani da batsa ta intanet. An tsara su ne don tantance mutanen da ke da "maza da mata masu yawan jima'i", da kuma halayen jima'i marasa kyau - ba wai kawai amfani da kayan batsa da ke bayyana a intanet fiye da kima ba.

Ingantaccen jaraba "nazarin kwakwalwa" dole ne:

suna da batutuwa da halayen homogenous,
nuna wasu ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da sauran ƙyamar, kuma
amfani da tambayoyin tambayoyi masu kyau da kuma tambayoyi don tabbatar da batutuwan su ne ainihin abin kunya batsa.

Yin amfani da nazarin EEG guda biyu akan masu amfani da batsa baiyi ɗayan waɗannan ba, duk da haka ta kusantar da matsayi mai yawa kuma an buga su a yadu.

Dole ne a bada goyon baya ga Bayanan da ake bukata

Da kanta ta yarda, ta ƙi amincewa da ra'ayin jarabar batsa, kuma ta yi imanin cewa amfani da batsa ba zai taɓa haifar da matsala ba. Misali, wani zance daga wannan labarin Martin Daubney na baya-bayan nan game da jarabar jima'i/batsa:

Dokta Nicole Prause, babban masanin binciken a Labaran Harkokin Jima'i da Cibiyar Neuroscience (Span) a Birnin Los Angeles, ta kira kanta "mai labartawa" na jima'i.

Irin waɗannan abubuwan da ke tattare da hanyoyi na iya haifar da da'awar da dama ta hanyar Prause, wanda bai dace da bayanan gwaji ba.

Misali na farko shine bincikenta na 2013 " Sha'awar jima'i, ba yawan jima'i ba, yana da alaƙa da martanin jijiyoyi da hotunan jima'i ke haifarwa ." Watanni biyar kafin a buga wannan binciken, Prause ta fitar da shi (kawai) ga masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam David Ley , wanda nan da nan ya rubuta game da shi a shafin Psychology Today, yana mai da'awar cewa ya tabbatar da cewa babu jarabar batsa. Irin waɗannan da'awar ba a tallafa musu ba a binciken lokacin da aka buga su. An ɗauko wannan ɓangare daga wannan sharhin da takwarorinsu suka yi wa binciken:

'Binciken da aka yi a kididdiga guda ɗaya bai ce komai game da jaraba ba. Bugu da ƙari, wannan muhimmin binciken yana da alaƙa mara kyau tsakanin P300 da sha'awar jima'i da abokin tarayya (r=−0.33), yana nuna cewa girman P300 yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i; wannan ya saba wa fassarar P300 kai tsaye a matsayin babban sha'awa. Babu kwatancen da aka yi da sauran ƙungiyoyin masu shan kwayoyi. Babu kwatancen da aka yi da ƙungiyoyin masu shan kwayoyi. Kammalawar da masu binciken suka yanke wani tsalle ne mai yawa daga bayanan, wanda ba ya nufin ko mutanen da ke ba da rahoton matsala wajen daidaita kallon hotunan jima'i suna da ko ba su da martanin kwakwalwa kamar hodar iblis ko wani nau'in masu shan kwayoyi.'

Kamar yadda yake a cikin binciken EEG na yanzu, Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa kwakwalwar waɗanda abin ya shafa ba ta mayar da martani kamar sauran masu shan kwayoyi ba. A zahiri, waɗanda abin ya shafa suna da mafi girman karatun EEG (P300) lokacin kallon hotunan jima'i - wanda shine ainihin abin da ke faruwa lokacin da masu shan kwayoyi suka kalli hotuna da suka shafi jarabarsu. Da yake tsokaci a ƙarƙashin hirar Psychology Today da ikirarin Prause, babban farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, Emeritus John A. Johnson, ya ce :

“Tunanina har ilayau yake a cikin Prause na da'awar cewa kwakwalwar batutuwanta ba su amsa hotunan jima'i kamar kwakwalwar masu shan kwayoyi ba da amsa ga miyagun ƙwayoyi, tunda ta ba da rahoton karatuttukan P300 na hotunan jima'i. Kamar dai masu shan kwayoyi waɗanda ke nuna kwayar P300 idan aka gabatar da maganin zaɓin su. Ta yaya zata iya yanke hukuncin da ya kasance akasin ainihin sakamakon? Ina tsammanin wannan zai faru ne saboda irin tunanin da take yi — abin da ta zata samu. ”

Wannan bita na 2015 game da wallafe-wallafen ilimin jijiyoyi game da jarabar batsa ya ci gaba da cewa:

An tsara binciken ne don bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin girman ERP lokacin kallon hotunan motsin rai da jima'i da kuma ma'aunin tambayoyi na yawan jima'i da sha'awar jima'i. Marubutan sun kammala da cewa rashin alaƙa tsakanin maki akan tambayoyin yawan jima'i da matsakaicin girman P300 lokacin kallon hotunan jima'i "ba su bayar da tallafi ga samfuran yawan jima'i na rashin lafiya ba" [ 303 ] (shafi na 10). Duk da haka, rashin alaƙar na iya zama mafi kyau a bayyana ta hanyar kurakuran da za a iya jayayya a cikin hanyar. Misali, wannan binciken ya yi amfani da wani yanki daban-daban na abubuwan da ake jayayya a kansu (maza da mata, gami da 7 waɗanda ba 'yan luwaɗi ba). Nazarin amsawar kwakwalwa da ke kwatanta martanin kwakwalwa na masu shan kwayoyi ga masu lafiya yana buƙatar mutane iri ɗaya (jinsi ɗaya, shekaru iri ɗaya) don samun sakamako masu inganci. Musamman ga nazarin jarabar batsa, an tabbatar da cewa maza da mata sun bambanta sosai a cikin martanin kwakwalwa da kai ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awar jima'i iri ɗaya [ 304 , 305 , 306 ]. Bugu da ƙari, ba a tabbatar da biyu daga cikin tambayoyin tantancewa ga masu amfani da IP masu jaraba ba, kuma ba a tantance batutuwa don wasu bayyanuwar jaraba ko rikicewar yanayi ba.

Bugu da ƙari, an tattauna ƙarshen da aka jera a cikin taƙaitaccen bayani, "Alamar fahimtar yawan sha'awa a matsayin babban sha'awa, maimakon rashin tsari, an tattauna" [ 303 ] (shafi na 1) ya yi kama da ba daidai ba idan aka yi la'akari da binciken da aka yi cewa girman P300 yana da alaƙa mara kyau da sha'awar jima'i da abokin tarayya. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a Hilton (2014), wannan binciken "ya saba wa fassarar P300 a matsayin babban sha'awa" [ 307 ]. Binciken Hilton ya ƙara nuna cewa rashin ƙungiyar kulawa da rashin iyawar fasahar EEG don bambance tsakanin "babban sha'awar jima'i" da "tilasta jima'i" ya sa binciken Steele et al. ba za a iya fassara shi ba [ 307 ].

A ƙarshe, wani muhimmin bincike na takardar (ƙarin girman P300 zuwa hotunan jima'i, idan aka kwatanta da hotuna masu tsaka-tsaki) ba a ba shi kulawa sosai a ɓangaren tattaunawa ba. Wannan abin mamaki ne, domin abin da aka fi sani da masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da intanet shine ƙaruwar girman P300 idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa lokacin da aka fallasa su ga alamun gani da ke da alaƙa da jarabarsu [ 308 ]. A gaskiya ma, Voon, et al. [ 262 ] sun keɓe wani ɓangare na tattaunawarsu suna nazarin binciken P300 na wannan binciken da ya gabata. Voon et al. sun ba da bayanin mahimmancin P300 wanda ba a bayar a cikin takardar Steele ba, musamman dangane da samfuran jaraba da aka kafa, suna kammalawa,

"Saboda haka, duka ayyukan dACC a cikin binciken CSB na yanzu da ayyukan P300 da aka ruwaito a cikin wani binciken CSB na baya [ 303 ] na iya nuna irin waɗannan hanyoyin kama hankali. Hakazalika, duka binciken sun nuna alaƙa tsakanin waɗannan matakan da haɓaka sha'awa. A nan muna ba da shawarar cewa aikin dACC yana da alaƙa da sha'awa, wanda zai iya nuna ma'aunin sha'awa, amma bai yi daidai da son shawara akan samfurin ƙarfafawa na jaraba ba. [ 262 ]" (shafi na 7)

Don haka yayin da waɗannan marubutan [ 303 ] suka yi iƙirarin cewa bincikensu ya musanta amfani da samfurin jaraba ga CSB, Voon et al. sun nuna cewa waɗannan marubutan sun bayar da shaidar da ke goyan bayan wannan samfurin.

A ƙasa: Takardu takwas da aka yi wa nazari kan takwarorinsu sun yi daidai da nazarinmu na Steele et al ., 2013 ( Sharhin da aka yi wa Steele et al. , 2013 ) Binciken EEG na 2013 ya ba da rahoton ƙarin karatun EEG (P300) lokacin da aka fallasa mutane ga hotunan jima'i. Babban P300 yana faruwa ne lokacin da masu shan kwayoyi suka fallasa alamun (kamar hotuna) da suka shafi jarabarsu. Duk da haka, binciken ba shi da ƙungiyar kulawa don kwatantawa, wanda ya sa binciken ba zai iya fassarawa ba (kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama wannan binciken na yanzu kawai ya sami ƙungiyar kulawa don binciken 2013). Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya ba da rahoton ƙarin amsawar batsa da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i tare. A taƙaice: Binciken ya gano ƙarin kunnawar kwakwalwa don batsa da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i (amma ba ƙarancin sha'awar al'aura ba). Ba daidai abin da kanun labarai suka yi iƙirarin game da ƙara sha'awar jima'i ko masu shan jima'i kawai suna da babban libido.

Kamar yadda aka yi a wannan binciken na Prause, bincikenta na biyu daga 2013 ya gano bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin sarrafawa da "masu jarabar batsa" - " Babu Shaidar Rashin Tsarin Motsin Rai a cikin "Masu Madigo" Suna Ba da Rahoton Motsin Rai ga Fim ɗin Jima'i (2013) ." Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin wannan sharhi , taken yana ɓoye ainihin binciken. A zahiri, "masu jarabar batsa" ba su da martanin motsin rai idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane saboda yawancin masu jarabar batsa suna ba da rahoton ji da motsin rai. Prause ya ba da hujjar taken ta hanyar cewa tana tsammanin "mafi girman martanin motsin rai", amma ba ta bayar da ambato ba don "tsammanin ta mai ban mamaki." Lakabi mafi daidai zai kasance: " Wadanda ke da wahalar sarrafa amfani da batsa ba su nuna ƙarancin amsawar motsin rai ga fina-finan jima'i, wataƙila saboda ɗabi'a, alamar jaraba ". Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da nazarin EEG na Prause na yanzu da Kühn & Gallinat (2014) , kuma yana nuna rashin jin daɗi.

A cikin takardar Prause ta 2015, " Kallon abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa na jima'i da ke da alaƙa da ƙarin amsawar jima'i, ba rashin lafiyar jima'i ba ", babu ɗayan da'awar takarda da aka goyi bayan bayanan da aka bayar a cikin binciken da ke ƙasa. Suka biyu, ɗaya ta mutum mai zaman kansa, ɗayan kuma ta likita (wanda aka yi wa bita ta hanyar takwarorinsu), sun bayyana takardu da yawa bambance-bambance da da'awar da ba a yarda da su ba:

Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin binciken da ke sama, Prause bai auna amsawar jima'i, tsagewa, ko kunna kwakwalwa ba. Madadin haka, masu amfani da batsa sun ba da lamba akan rahoto ɗaya na kai na "sha'awar jima'i" bayan kallon abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa na jima'i. Waɗanda ke cikin awanni 2+ a mako suna amfani da batsa suna da maki mafi girma bayan kallon batsa. Wannan shine abin da mutum zai zata. Wannan bai gaya mana komai game da sha'awar jima'i ba tare da batsa ko sha'awar jima'i da abokin tarayya ba. Kuma bai faɗi komai game da aikin jima'i ba. Yana da wuya a faɗi abin da taken ya kamata ya kasance kamar yadda Prause bai fitar da bayanan da suka dace ba, amma da alama taken da ya dace zai iya zama "Ƙarin amfani da batsa yana sa maza su fi sha'awa."

Abin mamaki ma shi ne, sakamakon da aka samu ga samarin (matsakaicin shekaru 23) a cikin takardarta ya nuna rashin aikin jima'i. Ba wai kawai ba a ba mu wani dalili ba ne da ya sa waɗannan samarin suka kamu da ED, an gaya mana ƙarya cewa mazan " sun ba da rahoton kyakkyawan aikin jima'i". Za mu iya ci gaba da wannan takarda.

A cikin 2014, Prause ta haɗu a fili da David Ley - marubucin The Myth of Sex Addiction, wanda ba shi da tushe a cikin ilimin halittar jaraba ko bincike - don samar da bita mai ban mamaki kan batun jarabar batsa: " Sarkin Ba Ya da Tufafi: Bita kan samfurin "Addiction na Batsa" . Wannan bita ne marubutan suka ambata don shawarar mai ban mamaki cewa, "Intanet ba ta ƙara kallon abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa na jima'i ba." Har yanzu, kusan babu wani abu a cikin "bita" na Ley & Prause da ya isa a bincika, kamar yadda wannan sharhi mai zafi ya bayyana: " Sarkin Ba Ya da Tufafi: Tatsuniyoyi Masu Raguwa Suna Kasancewa a Matsayin Bita. "

A ƙarshe, yana buƙatar bayyana cewa tsohon malami Nicole Prause yana da dogon tarihi na masu wallafawa, masu bincike, masu tursasawa, manema labaru da sauran wadanda ba su iya bayar da shaida game da tashe-tashen hankulan yanar gizo ba. Ta bayyana ya kasance jin dadi sosai tare da kamfanonin batsa, kamar yadda za a iya gani daga wannan Hoton ta (nesa dama) a kan karar launi na Ƙungiyar Masu Rauni na XRCO (X-Rated Critics Organization). (A cewar Wikipedia da XRCO Awards an ba da Amurka Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar X-Rated a kowace shekara ga mutanen da ke aiki a nishaɗi na yara da kuma kawai ita ce kyaututtukan albashi na matasa wanda ke nunawa kawai ga 'yan kasuwa.^[1]). Har ila yau yana nuna cewa Fuskantarwa na iya samun samu masu yin wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin batutuwa ta hanyar wani kamfanonin kamfanonin kamfanoni na kamfanoni, da Jagorar Magana Ta Musamman. An yi zargin anyi amfani da abubuwan FSC da aka samu a cikin ta karatu-bindiga a kan dauke da ƙafa da kuma kasuwanci ne mai “Orgasmic tunani” makirci (yanzu kasancewa FBI ta bincika ta) .Prause ya kuma sanya ba da sanarwa ba game da sakamakon bincikenta da ita nazarin hanyoyin. Domin yawancin takardun, duba: Shin Nicole Farko ya shawo kan masana'antar Porn?

A cikin taƙaitaccen binciken, Nazarin Hidima na Ɗaukakawa guda uku akan Masu Zaman Lantarki Sanya tare da Nazarin Cambridge da kuma Kühn & Gallinat (2014).

1) Sha'awar Jima'i, ba Jima'i ba, tana da alaƙa da Amsoshin Neurophysiological da Hotunan Jima'i suka haifar (2013)

Haɗa tare da 23 sauran nazarin binciken neuro a kan masu yin amfani da batsa da kuma jima'i wadanda suka sami karfin jima'i zuwa batsa ko ƙwarewa (hangen nesa). Bugu da ƙari, binciken da aka yi da Jima'i ya ruwaito Kadan sha'awar jima'i don abokin hulɗa tare da babbar-cue-reactivity. A cikin binciken da aka saba da shi, binciken farko na Cambridge ya ruwaito cewa 60% na batutuwa sun sami wahalar samun haɓaka / haɓaka tare da abokan hulɗa, duk da haka zasu iya cimma burbushin da batsa.

2) Babu Shaidar Rashin Daidaito a Zuciya a cikin "Maza da Mata" Suna Ba da Rahoton Motsin Zuciyarsu ga Fim ɗin Jima'i (2013)

Daidaita tare da Kühn & Gallinat (2014) a cikin karin amfani da batsa da aka haɓaka zuwa ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa a mayar da martani ga hotuna. Har ila yau daidaitawa da nazarin tunani a kan masu amfani da batsa.

3) Sauyawar Abubuwan Da Suka Faru Daga Ƙarshe Ta Hanyar Hotunan Jima'i a cikin Masu Amfani da Matsalolin da Ba Su Dace da "Addinin Batsa" (2015)

Daidaita tare da Kühn & Gallinat (2014) a cikin karin amfani da batsa da aka haɓaka zuwa ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa a mayar da martani ga hotuna.
Daidaita daidai da 2013 Jima'i wanda ya ce ƙananan ƙa'idodin EEG (idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa) zai nuna haɓakawa ko ɓarna.

Shin ba zai yi kyau ba idan 'yan jarida da masu rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo suka karanta nazarce-nazarce, kuma suka yi magana da masana kimiyyar jijiyoyi, kafin su buga sanarwar manema labarai na masana jima'i ko kuma su yi ta buga sauti? A taƙaice: Duk wani bincike na kwakwalwa da na kwakwalwa da aka buga zuwa yanzu ya goyi bayan wanzuwar jarabar batsa, har da ta Prause.

KASALIN KASA KUMA

Analysis of Yi amfani da al al. an cire daga "Abubuwan da ke cikin yanar-gizon Intanit Hotuna: A Review da Update", 2015:

An buga wani binciken EEG wanda ya shafi marubuta uku daga cikin marubutan iri ɗaya kwanan nan [ 309 ]. Abin takaici, wannan sabon binciken ya sha wahala daga matsaloli da yawa na hanyoyin da aka saba da su kamar na baya [ 303 ]. Misali, ya yi amfani da wani rukunin batutuwa daban-daban, masu binciken sun yi amfani da tambayoyin tantancewa waɗanda ba a tabbatar da su ba ga masu amfani da batsa ta intanet, kuma ba a tantance mutanen da ke cikin binciken don wasu alamun jaraba ko rikicewar yanayi ba.

A cikin sabon binciken, Prause da abokan aikinsa sun kwatanta ayyukan EEG na masu kallon batsa na Intanet akai-akai da na sarrafawa yayin da suke kallon hotunan jima'i da na tsaka-tsaki [ 309 ]. Kamar yadda aka zata, girman LPP idan aka kwatanta da hotuna masu tsaka-tsaki ya ƙaru ga ƙungiyoyin biyu, kodayake ƙaruwar girman ya ƙanƙanta ga waɗanda ke cikin IPA. Da yake tsammanin ƙarin girma ga masu kallon batsa na Intanet akai-akai, marubutan sun ce, "Wannan tsari ya bambanta da samfuran jarabar abubuwa".

Duk da cewa ana ganin girman ERP mai yawa dangane da alamun jaraba dangane da hotuna masu tsaka-tsaki a cikin nazarin jarabar abubuwa, binciken da aka yi a yanzu ba abin mamaki bane, kuma ya yi daidai da binciken Kühn da Gallinat [ 263 ], waɗanda suka gano cewa amfani da yawa yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin kunna kwakwalwa dangane da hotunan jima'i. A cikin ɓangaren tattaunawa, marubutan sun ambaci Kühn da Gallinat kuma sun bayar da yanayin zama a matsayin ingantaccen bayani ga ƙananan tsarin LPP. Wani ƙarin bayani da Kühn da Gallinat suka bayar, duk da haka, shine cewa ƙarfin motsawa mai ƙarfi na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin neuroplastic. Musamman, amfani da batsa mai yawa yana da alaƙa da ƙaramin adadin launin toka a cikin dorsal striatum, yanki da ke da alaƙa da sha'awar jima'i da kwarin gwiwa [ 265 ].

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sakamakon Prause et al. ya kasance akasin abin da suke tsammani [ 309 ]. Mutum zai iya tsammanin masu kallon batsa na intanet da sarrafawa akai-akai za su sami irin wannan girman LPP a martanin ɗan lokaci ga hotunan jima'i idan shan batsa na intanet ba shi da wani tasiri. Madadin haka, binciken da ba a zata na Prause et al. [ 309 ] ya nuna cewa masu kallon batsa na intanet akai-akai suna fuskantar sabawa da hotuna marasa motsi. Mutum zai iya kwatanta wannan da haƙuri. A duniyar yau ta intanet mai sauri, yana da yuwuwar cewa masu amfani da batsa na intanet akai-akai suna kallon fina-finan jima'i da bidiyo maimakon faifan bidiyo marasa motsi. Fina-finan jima'i suna samar da ƙarin sha'awa da motsin rai fiye da hotunan jima'i [ 310 ] kuma kallon fina-finan jima'i yana haifar da ƙarancin sha'awa da amsawar jima'i ga hotunan jima'i [ 311 ]. Idan aka haɗa su, nazarin Prause et al., da Kühn da Gallinat sun kai ga ƙarshe mai ma'ana cewa masu kallon batsa na intanet akai-akai suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfafa gani don tayar da martanin kwakwalwa kamar masu kula da lafiya ko masu amfani da batsa masu matsakaici.

Bugu da ƙari, bayanin Prause et al. [ 309 ] cewa, "Waɗannan su ne bayanan farko na aikin ilimin halittar mutum da ke ba da rahoton matsalolin ƙa'idar VSS" yana da matsala saboda yana yin watsi da binciken da aka buga a baya [ 262 , 263 ]. Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen tantance martanin kwakwalwa ga alamun a cikin masu shan batsa na Intanet shine cewa kallon abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa na jima'i shine halin jaraba. Sabanin haka, nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da amsawa kan masu shan cocaine yana amfani da hotuna da suka shafi amfani da cocaine (layuka fari a kan madubi), maimakon sa mutane su sha cocaine a zahiri. Tunda kallon hotunan jima'i da bidiyo na jima'i shine halin jaraba, nazarin kunna kwakwalwa na gaba akan masu amfani da batsa na Intanet dole ne su yi taka tsantsan a cikin ƙira na gwaji da fassarar sakamako. Misali, sabanin fallasa na daƙiƙa ɗaya ga hotuna marasa motsi da Prause et al. [ 309 ] ke amfani da su, Voon et al. sun zaɓi bidiyo na daƙiƙa 9 a cikin tsarin amsawar su don daidaita abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa na Intanet [ 262 ]. Ba kamar fallasa hotunan dakika ɗaya ga hotuna marasa motsi ba (Prause et al. [ 309 ]), fallasa bidiyon dakika 9 ya haifar da ƙarin kunnawa a kwakwalwa ga masu kallon batsa na intanet fiye da fallasa hotunan dakika ɗaya ga hotuna marasa motsi. Abin damuwa shi ne cewa marubutan sun yi nuni da binciken Kühn da Gallinat, wanda aka fitar a lokaci guda da binciken Voon [ 262 ], duk da haka ba su amince da binciken Voon da abokan aikinsa a ko'ina cikin takardarsu ba duk da mahimmancinsa.

Wani mai amfani da batsa mai maimaita ya ambaci halin da ake ciki a nan: