ZVAKAITWA pa DeltaFosB (DZIMWE WRITTEN ΔFosB)
- Zvinonyadzisira / kurara pabonde? Peji ino inonyora 41 neuroscience-based studies (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, mahormone). Ivo vanopa yakasimba rutsigiro rwemhando yekupindwa muropa sekuwana kwavo girazi zvakawanikwa zvehuropi zvakataurwa muzvidzidzo zvekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. DeltaFosB chinhu chakakosha.
- Ichokwadi nyanzvi 'maonero panyaya yekuona zvinonyadzisira / zvepabonde? Urongwa urwu hune 21 yazvino zvinyorwa zvekuongorora & zvinyorwa nedzimwe nyanzvi dzepamusoro dzenyika munyika. Zvose zvinotsigira mufananidzo wezvinodhaka.
- Zviratidzo zvekudhakwa uye kukura kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakanyanyisa? Pamusoro peongororo makumi matatu dzichitsvaga zvakawanikwa zvinowirirana nekuwedzera kwekushandisa kwepabonde (kushivirira), kugara kune zvinonyadzisira, uye kunyange kubvisa zviratidzo (zviratidzo zvose nezviratidzo zvinobatanidzwa nekudhakwa).
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Chisungo: Unogona kuona here izvi zvinyorwa zve5 zvakajairika pamusoro pezvinodhaka zvepabonde?
Paunonzwa mumwe munhu achitaura kuti pfungwa yeInternet yekusvuta zvinodhaka ndeye pseudoscience, iwe zvakare unogona kunge uchinzwa dzimwe dzenhema dzinozivikanwa:
- Dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira paInternet "kumanikidza" kwete "kupindwa muropa."
- Kana kubudiswa kwepaIndaneti kusvuta vakanga kuti ionekwe, inofanira kuongororwa / kuvimbiswa semamiriro akasiyana kubva kune zvimwe zvinodhaka.
- Pfungwa ye "pathological porn use" haina zvainoreva nekuti hapana munhu anogona kutaura kana mushandisi ayambuka mutsetse.
- Sezvo "zvinonyadzisira" zvisingambogoni kutsanangurwa, huripo hwehupombwe hunofanira kugara mukukahadzika.
- Vanhu bedzi vane mamiriro ezvinhu akambovapo (ADHD, kuora mwoyo, nezvimwewo) vanobatwa nehupenzi.
Sezvo zvisingaiti sezvingaita sezvinoonekwa, imwe chete yeurourological discovery, inguva yemakore mashomanana chete, inokonesa zvose izvi zvakanakira kuratidzira kubvisa kuvapo kweIndaneti kusvuta zvinodhaka.
Chii chakawanikwa? ΔFosB (DeltaFosB)
Zvinodhaka neurobiologists zvakaratidza izvozvo zvose kupindwa muropa, zvese zvemakemikari nemaitiro, zvinoita sekugovana kiyi musiyano switch. Zviripachena, mileage inosiyana, asi muChirungu chakajeka (iine rumwe ruzivo gare gare), heino mashandiro anoita izvi:
- Iwe unofunga nezvemafuta akawanda / sugary foods, zvinodhaka kana akakwirira maitiro ekuita zvepabonde zvichiita dopamine to surge kakawanda.
- Kuramba kusingagumi, nekubatanidza dopamine spikes, chikonzero ΔFosB kuunganidza zvishoma nezvishoma munzvimbo dzinokosha dzeuropi dzako. (DFFB is transcription factor, kureva, puroteni inosungiridza majene ako uye anoiisa kana kuti yakavhara.)
- ΔFosB zvino inosungirirana kwekanguva, kuchinja mhinduro dzemageneti ako, kuunza pakuenzanisa, uropi hunochinja. Izvi zvinotanga kukurudzira, kureva, hyper-reactivity yeuropi mubairo wedunhu-asi chete mukupindura kune chaiwo madomenzi ayo anoshamwaridzana neari kusimukira kupindwa muropa.
- Zvose zvehupi hunochinja hutungamirirwa naDFBB dzinowanzoita kuti iwe uwedzere kukunda kana kuti, pazvinonyadzisira zveIndaneti, unofungidzirwa kune izvo pfungwa dzako dzinoona seFest Fest.
Moleky switch
Maererano nemutsvakurudzi Eric Nestler,
[ΔFosB] anenge anenge a molecular switch. … Kana ichinge yapepetwa, inogara kwechinguva uye haiende nyore. Ichi chiitiko chinocherechedzwa mukupindura kusingaperi manejimendi kweanenge chero mushonga wekushungurudzwa. Izvo zvinoonekwawo mushure mematanho epamusoro ekushandisa kwe zvipo zvepanyama (kusimbisa muviri, sucrose, high fat diet, pabonde).
Kumwe kutsvagurudza kunoratidza kuti zvinotora mavhiki matanhatu kusvika masere ekurega DeltaFosB ichiderera Pane zvakawanda zvekudzidza. Kunyangwe DeltaFosB isisipo, nzira dzakasimudzirwa dzinosara, pamwe kweupenyu hwese. Rangarira, chinangwa cheDeltaFosB ndechekusimudzira kutangazve kwehuropi, kuti iwe ugone kuputika kukuru kubva pane chero zvawanga uchikunda. Iyi ndangariro, kana kudzidza kwakadzika midzi, kunogara kwenguva refu mushure mechiitiko. Kupindwa muropa hakusi kukuvara - ndizvo pathological learning.
Pfungwa ndeyokuti munhu wose ane DeltaFosB, uye kana ichiwedzera nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu chero upi zvake wedu anogona kuguma nekuchinja kwehuropi izvo zvinotungamirira kumanikidziro uye chido chekushandisa. Kutaura zvazviri, kukanganisa kunowedzera kana zviyengeri zvakapoteredza zvinowanikwa mumhuka dzose.
Mhuka yezvokudya muzvokudya Mark Edwards inotaura, "Isu tose tinoshanda zvakaoma kuti tidye zvigadziriswa zvakanyanya kupfuura zvinodiwa zuva nezuva. Handigoni kufunga nezvemhando dzisina. " Tamarin monkeys vakaonekwa vachidya michero yakawanda panguva apo matumbo avo akaora mwoyo uye nokukurumidza vanofuratira zvibereko zvose zvavari kuita.
Novelty uye pamusoro-kushandiswa
Saka ndezvekuti zvinokwezva munharaunda medu zvinoita basa rakakura mukuti isu tinowedzera-kudya, uye yanhasi yemahara, inoverengeka nguva dzese dzeInternet inokwezva-kunyanya kune vechidiki. Sezvineiwo, ΔFosB tsvagiridzo inoratidzawo kuti nei kupindwa muropa kuri njodzi huru kwavari kupfuura vanhu vakuru. Maererano ne Nestler,
Mhuka dzechiri kuyaruka dzinoratidzira zvakanyanya kukura kweAFosB yakaenzaniswa nemhuka dzakwegura, zvichienderana nekunetseka kwavo kukuru kwekutsamwa.
DhaFFB yepamusoro inongova imwe chete zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfungwa hwevechiri kuyaruka izvo zvinoita kuti vawedzere kunetseka kunetseka.
Nekunzwisisa kukuru kwekukosha kweAFosB, ngatitarisei zvakare ngano shanu:
1. ZVEKUDA KUTI: Dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira paInternet "kumanikidza" kwete "kupindwa muropa."
Iyi ndiyo yakasarudzika "mutsauko pasina musiyano," kubva pamazuva apo varapi vaisiyanisa hunhu hwekupindwa muropa ("kumanikidzwa") kubva kune zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Uku kutaura kunotangira iyo tsvakurudzo kuratidza kuti brain brainics shure kwezvose izvi zvakafanana zvakafanana. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvichiri kukanganisa nevamwe sekuratidzira mutsauko wepamusoro.
Sezvinoitika, pane kwete nzira mbiri dzakasiyana kana masero ekuchinja kwemasomendi: chimwe chekukamanikidzwa uye imwe yekudhakwa. Pane imwe chete boka renyeredzi rezviitiko zveuropi iyo inokurudzira kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirisa, uye mumwe wekutanga wekutanga: ΔFosB.
Kunyangwe kusagadzikana ndiko kuzvibata kana chikemikari, zvakawanikwa DFFB dzinobatanidza nekuoma kwehutano hwehutano hwehutano. Vanhu vangave rimwe zuva vachikwanisa kuedza maAFosB mazinga kuti vaone zvose chiyero chekusvuta kwavo uye chiyero chekudzorera kwavo. * gulp * Maererano nomutsvakurudzi Eric Nestler,
Inosimudza mukana unonakidza wekuti mazinga eAFosB mune nucleus accumbens kana pamwe dzimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi dzinogona kushandiswa sechiomarker kuongorora mamiriro ekugadziriswa kwemubhadharo wedunhu, pamwe nedanho rekuti munhu 'akapindwa muropa', zvese panguva yekuvandudzwa kwekupindwa muropa uye kudzikira kwayo zvishoma nezvishoma panguva yekuregedza kurapwa kana kurapwa.
2. MHURI: Kana paIndaneti zvinodhaka vakanga kuti ionekwe, inofanira kuongororwa / kuvimbiswa semamiriro akasiyana kubva kune zvimwe zvinodhaka.
Ichi chinyorwa chinosimbiswa na Kuramba kweDSM kusina kukodzera kuti ienderane neyakagadziriswa hunyanzvi neuroscience. Pakupedzisira, mwedzi uno, iyo DSM-5 yakazivisa kuti iri kufunga kudzokorora tsananguro yekupindwa muropa nekusanganisira zvisina kutaurwa "maitiro emitemo. ” Uku kururamisa kwakanaka, asi hakuna kukwana, zvichipiwa kuti DSM-5 yakabvisa panguva imwe chete kutaurwa kwese nezvekupindwa muropa neInternet uye kunyanyisa kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kubva mubhuku chairo kusvika kune zita rekuwedzera "kuti uenderere mberi nekudzidza."
Munharaunda yaro yese, DSM yakaita sekuti kana kusiyana kwezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana kwaive chinhu chikuru chekuzviona. Izvi hazvina maturo mukufunga kwezvinhu zvakawanikwa paDFFB. Muzvokwadi, ndizvo zvinodhakwa zvose mugove izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekukwanisa kuongororwa kwakavimbika kwekudhakwa.
ΔFosB inotungamira kune chaiwo masero ekugadziriswa phenotype. Mune mamwe mazwi, kukurudzira kunobva kune zvakasikwa-izvo zvinonyora zvakakosha zvakakwana kuti zvive zvakakosha kuyeuka-zvinotungamirira kuchinjwa mumararamiro ekutaura, izvo zvinoita kuti zvigadziriswe uye zvigadziriswe zvipenyu.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekunyanya kudarika (uye kudarika, kureva, kushaya zvinodhaka) kuchinja uku ndiko kunoratidzika sekuongororwa maitiro uye zviratidzo-Kuda sekuchiva, kumanikidzwa kushandiswa nekuenderera mberi kushandiswa pasinei nemigumisiro yakaipa.
- Kuwandisa → dopamine → ΔFosB → kushandiswa kwezvinokanganisa zvinodhaka
3. ZVIREVO: Pfungwa ye "pathological porn use" haina maturo nekuti hapana anogona kutaura kana mushandisi ayambuka mutsetse.
Mubvunzo uri pachena ndewokuti: "Ndeipi nguva apo zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa pakuva nehutachiona (kureva, kupindwa muropa)?" Mhinduro yacho yakapusa: "Chero nguva iyo iyo yekumisikidza inokonzeresa kuunganidzwa kweAFosB uye inoenderana-inokanganisa huropi inochinja."
Kunyange zvazvo kusagadzikana kwega kwega kunobata uropi nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvakare, ndizvo zvavanowanzoita (zvakadai sekuunganidza kwaAFosB uye uropi huchichinja hunoita kuti huvepo) hunoita kuti uite zvinodhaka. Saizvozvowo, the American Society for Addiction Medicine (ASAM) gore rapera vakabvuma kuti kudhakwa kwakanyanya kune imwe (brain) chirwere.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro, vatauri vazhinji kunze kwemunda wekupindwa muropa, avo vasina kuchengetedza pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwezvino, ramba uchiongorora kuti pasina zvidzidzo zvinodzorwa paInternet mhandara porn, kuvepo kwekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira hakugone kuratidzwa. Chirevo ichi chinogona kunzwika semhepo kune vasina kuziva, asi ikozvino rava iro zita raro repseudoscience.
4. ZVIREVO: Se "porn" isingambogone kutsanangurwa, hupenyu hwekupindwa muropa nehupombwe hunofanira kuramba huri mukukahadzika.
Iyi nhema inguva tsvuku. Hapana chikonzero chekutsanangura "porn" kuratidza kuvepo kweinternet kupindwa muropa kwepabonde. Sei? Nekuti ndiko kusimba kwekusimudzira (ndiko kuti, mwero wedopamine yakaburitswa muhuropi hwehuropi accumbens) - kwete iyo mabviro yeiyo kukurudzira - iyo inopa kukwira kuunganidzwa kweAFosB… uye uropi hunoenderana nehutano hunoshanduka.
Kukakavara nezve "chii chinonzi porn" saka itsvuku, neon herrings. Izvo hazvina basa kuti urikudzvanya kumifananidzo yetsoka, musikana-pa-musikana akaomarara kana mamodheru ekushambira. Kana zvichikonzera dzako dopamine kukurira yako yakajairwa satiation nzira uye kumisikidza ΔFosB ketani mukufamba, unogona kupedzisira uine kupindwa muropa. Kana zvikasadaro, hapana kupindwa muropa.
As ASAM Ratidza, kukanganisa kunenge kuri ubongo, kwete mabasa chaiwo-kana maonero.
5. MHURI: Vanhu bedzi vane mamiriro ezvinhu akambovapo vanopindwa muropa pazvinonyadzisira.
Izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi kune Internet kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kana kune chero kumwe kupindwa muropa. Kutanga, ΔFosB-inokonzerwa nehuropi shanduko haisi yekuzvarwa, saka kupindwa muropa hakugone kudzivirirwa. Sezvo Alan Leshner, aimbova mutungamiriri weNational Institute on Drug Abuse akatsanangura,
“Majini ako haakutenderi kuti upindwe muropa. Ivo vanongo ita kuti iwe uwedzere, kana kushomeka kubata. Hatina kumbobvira tawana geni rimwe rinokutadzisa kuve munhu akapindwa muropa, kana iro rinonongedza kuti uchave muropa. ”
Chechipiri, pasinei nokuti munhu anenge achinetswa sei nekudhakwa (zvichida nemhaka yeDNA yakagara nhaka kana kushungurudzika), iye anofanira kubatana nemamiriro ezvinhu, ndiko kuti, anofanira inopinda mukunyanyisa before DFF inotanga kuunganidzwa muuropi. Izvi zvinoitika zvisingabvumirwi nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai se ADHD, kuora mwoyo, OCD, nezvimwewo. Izvo zvakati, mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anogona kuwedzera mungozi yekudarika uye kuita kuti migumisiro yaro iwedzere kuparadza.
Zvimwe pane DeltaFosB
Sezvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa, kupfuurira mberi-kushandiswa kunoita kuti kuwedzerwa kweAFosB → kushandiswa kwemajeni → kuchinja mumasikirasi → hutano hwehutano hwehutano → chido, kumanikidzwa → kuramba kuchiwedzera. (Ona The Addicted Brain for details.)
Masayendisiti anotenda kuti Central uropi hunochinja ΔFosB inotanga is senitization. Sensitization inoita chero chipi zvacho chauri kushandisa chinonyanya kukosha uye chinokomborera kupfuura mamwe mimwe mibayiro. Ichi ndicho kutanga kwekuchiva uye kusamanikidzwa kushandiswa.
Sensitized pathways inogona kufungwa nezvayo Pavlovian conditioning pa steroids. Kana yakagadziridzwa pfungwa kana zvinokonzera, kukurudzirwa nzira dzinoita kuti mupepeti wemubairo uwedzere, kupisa zvakaoma-kusakanganwa zvido. Kungofanana nemvura inoyerera nenzira yekusagadzikana, saka itai mafungiro, uye saizvozvo mafungiro. Sezvo neunyanzvi hupi, iwe unowedzera kuita izvo zviri nyore kuita. Nokukurumidza iyo inova yakashandura, pasina chero kufunga.
Kunyanya kukwidziridzwa-kunokwidziridzwa kunokonzera humwe huropi hunochinja, sehuwandu huwandu hunoita mhinduro kune zvinowanzofadza (desensitization). Sei? Masero etsinga akaputirwa nedopamine nekuda kwekuwandisa anoti, "Zvakwana." Masero etsinga anotambira anovhara "nzeve" dzavo nekuderedza dopamine (D2) receptors.
Desensitization
Panguva imwechete kushushikana kuri kukukuvadza kune zvinonakidza zvezuva nezuva, kukurudzirwa kunoita kuti uropi hwako hugadziriswe kune chero chipi zvacho chinosangana nemishonga yako. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuora mwoyo kunomirira a kunaka mhinduro inodzika mukunyanyisa, nepo kusimudzira kunomiririra a zvakanaka feedback loop mukunyanyisa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chezvose zvinodhakwa. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zviviri-zvakapetwa mashini zvinogona kuita kuti huropi hwako huratidze pane zano rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira, asi zvishoma pane kufadzwa kana uchinge waonekwa nemumwe wako chaiye.
Uyezve, se mubayiro wedunhu dopamine unopawo chikamu cheuropi chinotonga executive function (The prefrontal cortex), ungave uchitambura nehutatu hwehutano hwehutano hunoshandiswa. Desensitization (kuderera kwe dopamine uye dopamine D2 receptors) kunogona kukuvadza zvakashata your prefrontal cortex-inobudisa mhando dzisina kuchena dzomukati, kurasikirwa kwemafupa, uye kuderedza masabolism. Iko kushandurwa kunonzi unyengeri. Zvinokonzera kuderedza simba rako rekudzora uye kupfuura-kukoshesa kusvuta kwako.
Kuwedzera kwekukurudzira
Kuora mwoyo kunogona kuitika panzvimbo pfupi nokukurumidza (sekune makonzo akapa zvokudya zvisingagumi zvokudya) kana zvinogona kutora makore. The umbirimi yekukurudzira kunogona kuita basa mune yehuwandu hwevashandisi vanova nemishonga kune zvimwe zvikonzero. Columnist Damian Thompson anotsanangura,
Semitemo yakajairika, kunwiswa kwemafaro inzira inokurumidza kupindwa muropa. … Musiyano uripo pakati pemaitiro echinyakare ehupombwe neinternet porn wakangofanana nemusiyano pakati pewaini nemweya. Mushure memazana emakore kunge chidhakwa chinyoro, erotica yakaerekana yaitika distillation. Dhijitari porn yakaenzana neinodhura gin muGeorgian England. … Pakati pezana ramakore regumi nemasere, zvikamu zvemukati meLondon zvakatambura denda rekutanga repasi rose rekudhakwa. … Iyo gin craze yakazopedzisira yadzimisirwa kunze nemutemo unorambidza kumba distilling. Kamwe gini yakachipa painorega kuwanikwa, vakapindwa muropa nezvinwiwa vakatanga tsika iyi.
Mune nyaya yepaIndaneti, kuvhiringidzika kunofanira kutsigirana pakutsvaga tsika yacho mukati mekuwanda kwezvinhu zvinotyisa. Kuvonga kwaDFBB biology yavo yakaiswa pamusoro pavo. Ndizvo kwete pseudoscience.
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