IMIBUZO: Olu fundo lokuskena kwengqondo longezwa kwi uluhlu lwethu lwezifundo ze-neurological kwizidakamizwa zesini kunye nabasebenzisi be-porn. Olu phononongo lwe-fMRI luthelekise abo babonisa iziyobisi ngokwesini ("ingxaki yokuziphatha kwabafazi") kwizifundo zolawulo olusempilweni. Izilonda zesondo ziye zanciphisa into engwevu kwii-lobes zethutyana- imimandla ababhali bathi inxulumene nokuthintela inkanuko yesini:
Kwiziphumo ze-VBM, umthamo we-gyrus wexeshana wafunyanwa kubantu abane-PHB ngokuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni. Ngokukodwa, ivolumu yombala ongwevu kwi-STG yasekhohlo yayinxulunyaniswa kakubi nobunzima be-PHB. Ukukhutshwa kwee-lobes zexeshana kubonisiwe ukuba kukhokelela ekuqhubekeni kwesondo (Baird et al., 2002). Izifundo ezenziwa ngemifanekiso esekwe kwimisebenzi yezesondo nazo ziye zabhala umanyano phakathi kwemimandla ye-tempile eyonakalisiweyo kunye nophuhliso lwe-arousal yesondo (Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba imimandla yokwexeshana inxulumene nothintelo lwe-tonic ekuphuhlisweni kwesondo lokuvuselela inkanuko yesini kunye nokupheliswa kwesi sithintelo esibangelwa ngumonakalo okanye ukungasebenzi kwe-lobes yexeshana kunokukhokelela kwi-hypersexuality ephikisayo (iBaird et al., 2002; Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Sikhangelele ukuba ivolumu yomcimbi ophuculwe kwi-gyrus yokwexeshana inokuba negalelo ekwandeni kwezokwabelana ngesondo emntwini one-PHB
Isifundo sibuye saxela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo oluhlwempuzekileyo phakathi kwe-gyrus ephezulu yasekhohlo (STG) kunye ne-caudate elungileyo. Kuhn & Gallnat, 2014 uxele into efanayo:Umsebenzi onxibelelanayo we-caudate efanelekileyo kwicala lasekhohlo dorsolateral yangaphambili yayinxulunyaniswa ngokungalunganga neeyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi". Olu phando lufumanisa:
Xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo ezisempilweni, abantu abane-PHB banciphise kakhulu uxhulumaniso olusebenzayo phakathi kwe-STG kunye ne-caudate nucleus. Ukudityaniswa okungathandekiyo kwabonwa phakathi kobukrakra be-PHB kunye nokunxibelelana okusebenzayo phakathi kwezi ndawo. I-Anatomically, i-STG inokunxibelelana ngqo ne-caudate nucleus (i-Yeterian kunye nePandya, i-1998). Inqanaba le-caudate yeyona nto iphambili kwi-striatum, kwaye ibalulekile ekufundeni ngokuziphatha okusekelezwe kumvuzo, okunxibelelene nokuzonwabisa kunye nokuzikhuthaza, kwaye kuhambelana nokugcinwa komlutha
Iziyobisi ezikwabelana ngesondo zikwabonisa ukunciphisa okucothayo kukudibana kwe-cortex yesikhashana. Eli phepha liyacacisa:
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zaxela ukuba i-precuneus yasekhohlo iyabandakanyeka ekudibaniseni ulwazi ukusuka kwiimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugxiliseni ingqalelo kunye nokuzinza kwengqondo (Cavanna kunye Trimble, 2006; Simon et al., 2002). Ukongeza, uphononongo ngokulutha luye lwabika ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abanobubi banengxaki yokutshintsha kwengqwalaselo, kwaye le ndlela yokuziphatha inxulumene nokutshintsha kokusebenza kwe-precuneus (Dong et al., 2014; Courtney et al., 2014). Inikezwe indima ye-precuneus, iziphumo zethu zibonelela ubungqina bendima enokwenzeka ye-precuneus kwi-PHB, njengoko inokuba inxulumene nokusebenza gwenxa kokutshintsha kwengqwalaselo.
Ababhali bacacisa ukubaluleka kwezi meko zimbini zonxibelelwano eziguqulweyo:
Unxibelelwano olusezantsi phakathi kwe-nucleus ye-caudate efanelekileyo kunye ne-STG efunyenwe kwisifundo esikhoyo inokuba neempembelelo zomsebenzi osilelayo njengokuhanjiswa komvuzo kunye nolindelo kwi-PHB (Seok noSohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014). Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukusilela kocwangco kwigreyidi yokwexeshana kunye nothungelwano olusebenzayo phakathi konxibelelwano lwexeshana kunye neendawo ezithile (okt. Umandundu kunye ne-caudate) kunganegalelo kuphazamiseko lothintelo lwethoni yokuvuselela inkanuko yesini kubantu abane-PHB. Ke, ezi ziphumo zicebisa ukuba iinguqu kwisakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kokudibana kwi-gritus yokwexeshana kunokuba ziimpawu ze-PHB kwaye zinokuba ngabagqatswa be-biomarker ekufumaniseni i-PHB
Ukubeka ngokulula, izifundo ezimbalwa zangaphambili zesini / iziyobisi ezingamanyala zafumana unxibelelwano oluhlwempuzekileyo phakathi kwecortex kunye nenkqubo yomvuzo. Kuba umsebenzi omnye wecortex kukubeka iziqhoboshi zempembelelo ezivela kulwakhiwo olunzulu lomvuzo- oku kungabonisa ukusilela kulawulo "oluphezulu". Le ntsilelo yokusebenza kunye nolwakhiwo luphawu olubonisa zonke iintlobo zeziyobisi. Isishwankathelo sokufunda:
Isishwankathelo, i-VBM yangoku kunye novavanyo lokusebenza oluxhamlayo lubonisa ukungaphumeleli kwimiba ebomvu kunye nokuxhumeka komsebenzi kwi-gyrus yexesha eliphakathi kwabantu abane-PHB. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, isakhiwo esinciphileyo kunye nokuxhuma okusebenzayo kwakunxulumene kakubi ne-PHB. Ezi ziphumo zibonelela iinkcukacha ezintsha kwiindlela ezisetyenziswayo ze-neural ze-PHB.
Olu phononongo lukwaxelile ngokunyuka kwezinto ezingwevu ezihambelana nokuziphatha ngokwesondo:
Ukwandiswa komba Grey kwi-tileil icarilar elungileyo kunye nokwanda kokunxibelelana kwethayile yecreybellar esekhohlo kuye kwaqwalaselwa. Into enomdla kukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwale mimandla aluzange lugcinwe emva kokulawula isiphumo sokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwabantu abane-PHB.
Ababhali babezibuza ukuba ngaba amanqanaba aphezulu ezesondo atshintshe unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-cortex kunye ne-cerebellum:
Oku kunokubonisa ukuba olu nxibelelwano lusenokwenzeka ukuba lunxulunyaniswa nomsebenzi wesondo kunokuba ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini….
Res Resin. I-2018 Feb 5. pii: S0006-8993 (18) 30055-6. doi: 10.1016 / j.brainres.2018.01.035.
Abstract
Izifundo ze-Neuroimaging malunga neempawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (hypersexual disorder) ziye zaqokelelwa, ukanti ezinye izinto ezitshintshileyo ekwakhiweni kwengqondo kunye nokusebenza ngokudibeneyo kubantu abanengxaki yokuziphatha kwe-hypersexual (PHB) kutsha nje kufundwe. Olu phononongo lujolise ekuphandeni ukusilela kwemicimbi engwevu kunye nokungaphatheki kakuhle kurhulumente kubantu abane-PHB besebenzisa i-voxel-based morphometry kunye nohlalutyo lokunxibelelana kukarhulumente. Ishumi elinesixhenxe labantu abane-PHB kunye ne-19 iminyaka elungileyo yolawulo oluthathe inxaxheba kolu phando. Umthamo womcimbi wempunga yobuchopho kunye nokuqhagamshelwa kwendawo yokulinganisa kulinganiswe kusetyenziswa i-3T imaging magnetic resonance imaging. Xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo ezisempilweni, abantu abane-PHB babenokwehla okukhulu kumthamo wegrey kumphambili wegrafus yokwexeshana (STG) kunye ne-gyrus yexesha eliphakathi. Abantu abane-PHB babonakalise ukwehla kokunxibelelana kokusebenza kombuso phakathi kwe-STG yasekhohlo kunye ne-precuneus yasekhohlo naphakathi kwe-STG yasekhohlo kunye ne-caudate yasekunene. Umthamo wezinto ezingwevu ze-STG yasekhohlo kunye nokudibana okusebenzayo-kokunxibelelana kokusebenza kunye ne-caudate yasekunene zombini zibonise unxibelelwano olungathandekiyo olubonakalayo malunga nobunzima be-PHB. Iziphumo ziphakamise ukuba usulelo lwesimo sokusebenza kunye nokuthothisa kokusebenza kwendawo eseleyo kwi-STG yasekhohlo kunokunxulunyaniswa ne-PHB kunye nokubonelela ngokuqonda okutsha kwiindlela ezingaphantsi ze-PHB.
IINJONGO ZOQOQOSHO: I-Caudate nucleus; Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo; Ingxaki yokuziphatha kwengqondo; I-gyrus ephezulu yokwexeshana; I-morphometry esekwe kwiVoxel
PMID: 29421186
DOI: 10.1016 / j.brainres.2018.01.035
ICANDLA LOKUQUKA
Kwiziphumo ze-VBM, umthamo we-gyrus wexeshana wafunyanwa kubantu abane-PHB ngokuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni. Ngokukodwa, ivolumu yombala ongwevu kwi-STG yasekhohlo yayidibene ngokungalunganga kunye nobunzima be-PHB. Ukukhutshwa kwee-lobes zexeshana kubonisiwe ukuba kukhokelela ekuqhubekeni kwesondo (Baird et al., 2002). Izifundo ezenziwa ngemifanekiso esekwe kwimisebenzi yezesondo nazo ziye zabhala umanyano phakathi kwemimandla ye-tempile eyonakalisiweyo kunye nophuhliso lwe-arousal yesondo (Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba imimandla yokwexeshana inxulumene nothintelo lwe-tonic ekuphuhlisweni kwesondo lokuvuselela inkanuko yesini kunye nokupheliswa kwesi sithintelo esibangelwa ngumonakalo okanye ukungasebenzi kwe-lobes yexeshana kunokukhokelela kwi-hypersexuality ephikisayo (iBaird et al., 2002; Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Sikhankanye ukuba ivolumu yomcimbi ophuhliweyo kwi-gyrus yokwexeshana inokuba negalelo ekwandeni kwezokwabelana ngesondo nomntu one-PHB, kwaye oku kufumanisa kunokubonisa ukuba i-STG yasekhohlo yinxalenye yesekethe esebenzayo ehambelana ne-PHB. Ukuchonga iimpembelelo zethamo elincitshisiweyo le-STG yasekhohlo kulo msebenzi wokuhambahamba, uhlalutyo lonxibelelwano lomsebenzi wokuphumla lwenziwe.
Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba abantu abane-PHB banciphisile i-STG engakwesobunxele eyi-STG kunye nokunxibelelana kwe-STG ye-caudate yangakwesobunxele I-precuneus ine-cortical ye-cortical yokunxibelelana kunye ne-salmcy ye-tempor ephezulu. Le mimandla, kunye nendawo ebonakalayo ye-occipital, yenza i-temporo-parieto-occipital cortex (Leichnetz, 2001; Cavanna kunye neTrimble, i-2006). Izifundo ezininzi ziye zaxela ukuba i-precuneus yasekhohlo iyabandakanyeka ekudibaniseni ulwazi ukusuka kwiimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugxiliseni ingqalelo kunye nokuzinza kwengqondo (Cavanna kunye Trimble, 2006; Simon et al., 2002). Ukongeza, uphononongo ngokulutha luye lwabika ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abanobubi banengxaki yokutshintsha kwengqwalaselo, kwaye le ndlela yokuziphatha inxulumene nokutshintsha kokusebenza kwe-precuneus (Dong et al., 2014; Courtney et al., 2014). Inikezwe indima ye-precuneus, iziphumo zethu zibonelela ubungqina bendima enokwenzeka ye-precuneus kwi-PHB, njengoko inokuba inxulumene nokusebenza gwenxa kokutshintsha kwengqwalaselo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo ezisempilweni, abantu abane-PHB banciphise kakhulu uxhulumaniso olusebenzayo phakathi kwe-STG kunye ne-caudate nucleus. Ukudityaniswa okungathandekiyo kwabonwa phakathi kobukrakra be-PHB kunye nokunxibelelana okusebenzayo phakathi kwezi ndawo. I-Anatomically, i-STG inokunxibelelana ngqo ne-caudate nucleus (i-Yeterian kunye nePandya, i-1998). Inqanaba le-caudate yeyona nto iphambili kwi-striatum, kwaye ibalulekile ekufundeni ngokuziphatha okuhle, okunxulumene nokuzonwabisa kunye nokukhuthaza, kwaye kuhambelana nokugcinwa komlutha
indlela yokuziphatha (Ma et al., 2012; Vanderschuren kunye ne-Everitt, 2005). Imisebenzi ye-Neuronal kwi-striatum kwiinkawu ziye zaboniswa ukuba ziphendule ukuhanjiswa kwembuyekezo kunye nolindelo (i-Apicella et al., 1991, 1992). I-Striatal neurons inefuthe lokumelwa kweenjongo ngaphambi nangexesha lokuphunyezwa kwezenzo ngokubeka i-salience enkuthazo, ubukhulu bomvuzo, kunye nokukhethwa komvuzo (uHasani et al., 2001). Izifundo ze-Neuroimaging zabahlali abaziphethe kakuhle baye baxela ukufunyanwa okungaguqukiyo kweenguqu zestriatal, njengokuncipha kokusebenza kunye nolungelelwaniso lonxibelelwano kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemisebenzi esekwe kwinqanaba le-oxygenation oxygenation -xhomekeke kwinqanaba (BOLD) (Hong et al., 2013a, b; Jacobsen et al., 2001; Lin et al., 2012; Seok and Sohn, 2015). Kutshanje, uphononongo ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngokwesondo kubonise ukuba utshintsho kwi-striatum lungabonakalisa utshintsho kwi-neural plasticity njengesiphumo sokuvuselela okukhulu kwenkqubo yomvuzo (Kühn noGallinat, 2014). Unxibelelwano olusezantsi phakathi kwe-nucleus ye-caudate efanelekileyo kunye ne-STG efunyenwe kwisifundo esikhoyo inokuba neempembelelo zomsebenzi osilelayo njengokuhanjiswa komvuzo kunye nolindelo kwi-PHB (Seok noSohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014). Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukusilela kocwangco kwigreyidi yokwexeshana kunye nothungelwano olusebenzayo phakathi konxibelelwano lwexeshana kunye neendawo ezithile (okt. Umandundu kunye ne-caudate) kunganegalelo kuphazamiseko lothintelo lwethoni yokuvuselela inkanuko yesini kubantu abane-PHB. Ke, ezi ziphumo zicebisa ukuba iinguqu kwisakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kokunxibelelana kwi-gritus yokwexeshana kunokuba ziimpawu ze-PHB kwaye zinokuba ngabagqatswa be-biomarker ekuchongeni i-PHB.
Ukwandiswa komba Grey kwi-tileil icarilar elungileyo kunye nokwanda kokunxibelelana kwethayile yecreybellar esekhohlo kuye kwaqwalaselwa. Into enomdla kukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwale mimandla aluzange lugcinwe emva kokulawula isiphumo sokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwabantu abane-PHB. Oku kunokubonakalisa ukuba olu nxibelelwano lunokwenzeka kunxulunyaniswa nomsebenzi wokwabelana ngesondo kunokuthengiswa kwezokwabelana ngesondo okanye ubungqingili. I-tonsbellar tonsil ibandakanyeka kakhulu kukuphazamiseka okungabonakaliyo-ngakumbi, ngakumbi ekudibaniseni kwayo kunye ne-corticostriatal neuronal process (Middleton kunye neStrick, 2000; Brooks et al., 2016). Izifundo zangaphambili kubantu abaneengxaki zokungaboni kakuhle nezinyanzelekileyo zibonisa inani elikhulu le-cerebellar xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni (Peng et al., 2012; Rotge et al., 2010). Abanye abantu abane-PHB abakho ngeempawu zeklinikhi ezifana nokungahambi kakuhle, njengokujonga ngokwesondo nokunyanzelwa ukuba benze ngokwesondo (iFong, 2006). Ke ngoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ivolumu yomxholo wegrey kunye nokunxibelelana okusebenzayo kwi-cerebellum kunxulunyaniswa nokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo kubantu abane-PHB.
Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukulahleka kwesakhiwo kwi-gyrus yesikhashana kunye nokuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-gyrus yesikhashana kunye neendawo ezithile (oko kukuthi, i-precuneus ne-caudate) inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwi-tonic yokuvimbela isondo ngoomntu one-PHB. Ngaloo ndlela, ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba utshintsho kwisakhiwo kunye noxanduva olusebenzayo kwi-gyrus ye-temporal lunokuba yimpawu ezithile ze-PHB kwaye zingaba ngabaviwa be-biomarker yokuxilongwa kwe-PHB.
Kubekho izifundo ezimbalwa ngokutshintsha kwengqondo phakathi kwabantu abane-PHB besebenzisa indibaniselwano ye-VBM kunye ne-rs-fMRI. Iingxelo zangaphambili zifumene ukuba umsebenzi owabelana ngesondo onamandla unokutshintsha ukwakheka kwengqondo kunye nokusebenza, kwaye ezi ziphumo ziye zacacisa i-neurobiology engapheliyo yokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo (Schmidt et al., 2017). Nangona kunjalo, olo phononongo aluzange lubandakanye impembelelo yeempawu zokuziphatha kulwalamano phakathi kwe-PHB kunye notshintsho lwengqondo. Ke ngoko, siphindaphinde isifundo esigqithileyo ukuze sichonge uguquko lobuchopho kubantu abane-PHB (Schmidt et al., 2017), kwaye saqhubeka nokuhlaziya ulawulo lwezinto zesondo ukucacisa ngakumbi iimpembelelo zehypsexourse kunye neziyobisi.
Isishwankathelo, i-VBM yangoku kunye novavanyo lokusebenza oluxhamlayo lubonisa ukungaphumeleli kwimiba ebomvu kunye nokuxhumeka komsebenzi kwi-gyrus yexesha eliphakathi kwabantu abane-PHB. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, isakhiwo esinciphileyo kunye nokuxhuma okusebenzayo kwakunxulumene kakubi ne-PHB. Ezi ziphumo zibonelela iinkcukacha ezintsha kwiindlela ezisetyenziswayo ze-neural ze-PHB.
I-PHB yachazwa ziiklinikhi ezimbini ezifanelekileyo ngokusekwe kudliwanondlebe neklinikhi kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuvavanya i-PHB esekwe kwizifundo zangaphambili (uCarnes et al., 2010; Kafka, 2010) (Itheyibhile S1). Iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala, imfundo-, ulawulo oluhambelana nesini olungakhange luhlangabezane neendlela zokuvavanya i-PHB babhaliswa kolu phando. Sisebenzise ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokukhuphela i-PHB kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abalawulayo: iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-35 okanye ngaphantsi kwe18; ezinye iziyobisi ezinjengotywala okanye umlutha wokungcakaza, impilo yangaphambili okanye yangoku yengqondo, ubuchopho, ubufanasini, njengangoku usebenzisa amayeza, imbali yokulimala kakhulu entloko, kunye nokuchasana ngokubanzi kwe-MRI (okt, ukuba yintsimbi emzimbeni, istigmatism esiqatha, okanye i-claustrophobia).
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