Izifundo ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo okanye intsebenziswano ye-intanethi "kubangele" iziphumo ezimbi okanye utshintsho lwegazi

Ngaba ukusebenzisa iphonografi kubangela ingozi?

IMIBUZO: Xa ujongene namakhulu ezifundo ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kwiziphumo ezingalunganga, iqhinga eliqhelekileyo ngo Ii-PhDs ezingamanyala kukubanga ukuba "akukho sizathu sibonisiweyo." Inyani yile xa kufikwa kwizifundo zengqondo (kwaye) ezininzi, uphando oluncinci kakhulu lubonisa ukungqinelana ngqo. Umzekelo, zonke izifundo kubudlelwane phakathi komhlaza wemiphunga kunye nokutshaya icuba ziyangqinelana -kodwa unobangela kunye nefuthe zicacile kuwo wonke umntu kodwa indawo yokulinda icuba.

Ngenxa yokuthintela imingcipheko abaphandi bavame ukuvalwa uvavanyo zophando zoyilo eziza kubonisa ukuba iiposografi oonobangela ezithile izilima. Ngoko ke, basebenzisa nganiso kunoko. Ngexesha elide, xa iqela elibalulekileyo leengxoxo ezihambelanayo lihlanganiswe kunoma yiphina indawo yophando, kuya kufika iphuzu apho ubungqina bokuba ubungqina bungatsholwa ukubonisa ubungqina beengcamango, naphezu kokungabikho kwezifundo zophando. Faka enye indlela, akukho mfuneko yokufunda ngokubambisana onokubonelela "ukubhema umpu" kwindawo yokufunda, kodwa ubungqina obuguqukayo bee-multiple correlational studies lunokubangela isizathu nesiphumo. Xa kufikelele ekusebenziseni ubulili, phantse zonke izifundo ezipapashwe zihambelana.

"Ukungqina" ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile, iingxaki zobudlelwane, iingxaki zeemvakalelo okanye utshintsho olunxulumene nomlutha kuya kufuneka ube namaqela amabini amakhulu amawele afanayo ahlukaniswe ekuzalweni. Qiniseka ukuba iqela elinye alisoze libukele iphonografi. Qinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu kwelinye iqela ubukele uhlobo olufanayo lwe-porn, ngokuthe ngqo iiyure ezifanayo, kubudala obufanayo. Kwaye uqhubeke nokulinga kangangeminyaka engama-30 okanye njalo, kulandele uvavanyo lokwahluka.

Ngenye indlela uphando oluzama "ukungqina" undoqo lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zintathu zilandelayo:

1. Ukuphelisa ukuguquguquka okuchaphazelayo. Ngokukodwa, abasebenzisi bezononono bayeke, kwaye bavavanye naziphi iinguqu zenguqu, iinyanga (iminyaka?) Kamva. Yiyo kanye into eyenzekayo njengamawaka amancinci ashiya i-porn njengendlela yokunciphisa ukungasebenzi komzimba okungapheliyo kunye nezinye iimpawu (ezibangelwa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo).
2. Veza abathathi-nxaxheba abazimiseleyo kwimifanekiso engamanyala kwaye ulinganise iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kuvavanya ukubanakho kwezifundo zokulibazisa ukonwaba ngaphambi nasemva kokubhengeza iphonografi kwindawo yeelebhu.
3. Yenza izifundo ezide, oko kuthetha ukulandela izifundo ngaphezulu kwexesha elithile ukuze ubone ukuba utshintsho ekusebenziseni iphonografi (okanye amanqanaba okusetyenziswa kwe-porn) luhambelana njani neziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, amanqanaba okuhambelana nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye namaxabiso oqhawulo mtshato kwiminyaka edlulileyo (ukubuza eminye imibuzo "ukulawula" ezinye izinto ezinokubakho).

Ininzi yezifundo zabantu kwiidakamizwa ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka intanethi kunye nomlingo wobugqwetha be-porn, zihambelana. Ngezantsi uluhlu olukhulayo lwezifundo olucebisa kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa i-intanethi (i-porn, imidlalo ye-intlalo) oonobangela iingxaki zengqondo / zengqondo, iingxaki zesini, iingxaki ezingathandekiyo ezinxulumene nomlingo, kunye nezinye iziphumo ezimbi kwabanye abasebenzisi. Uluhlu lwezifundo luhlukaniswe ziphonografi kwaye zokusebenzisa i-intanethi. Izifundo zoononografi zihlukaniswe ngamaqela e-3 ngokubhekiselele kwiindlela: (1) ekupheliseni ukusetyenziswa koonobumba, (2) ixesha elide, (3) ukuvavanywa kwezilwanyana zoononongo (imbonakalo yezesondo ezibonakalayo).

Iimifanekiso zoonografi Iziphakamiso okanye Ukubonisa i-Causation:

Icandelo #1: Izifundo apho abathathi-nxaxheba baphumelela ekusebenziseni ubulili:

Iingxoxo malunga nokuba izidakamizwa ezithatyathwa ngoonobumba ziphelile. I izifundo ze-7 zokuqala ezidweliswe apha zibonisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kubangela iingxaki zesondo njengabathathi-nxaxheba abaphelisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokuphulukisa izifo ezibangelwa ngokwesini.

Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuphononongwa ngeeNgxelo zeKliniki (2016)

Uhlaziyo olubanzi lweencwadi ezinxulumene neengxaki zesini zesondo ezibangelwa iicons. Olwabhaliweyo be-7 oogqirha be-Navy base-US (orologists, i-psychiatrists, kunye ne-MD kunye ne-PhD kwi-neuroscience), ukuhlaziywa kunika ulwazi olutshanje olubonisa ukunyuka okukhulu kweengxaki zesini zolutsha. Iphinde iphinde iphinde ihlolisise iiprogram eziphathelene nokuxhatshazwa kwezesondo kunye nesimo sezesondo nge-intanethi. Ababhali banikezela ngeengxelo ze-3 zecandelo lamadoda aphuhlisa i-porn-induced dysfunctions. Amadoda amabini kwala madoda aphilisa izifo zabo zesondo ngokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa koonobumba. Indoda yesithathu ayizange iphuculwe kangangoko njengoko yayingakwazi ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana. Ngcaciso:

Iimpawu zendabuko ebezichaze iingxaki zesini zesini zibonakala zingenakulungele ukuba i-akhawunti ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwi-erectile dysfunction, i-delayed ejaculation, iyanciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokwesini, kwaye iyanciphisa i-libido ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwamadoda phantsi kwe-40. Olu hlalutyo (i-1) lijonga idatha kwiindawo ezininzi, umzekelo, iikliniki, i-biological (utywala / urology), yengqondo (isimo sengqondo sesini), i-sociological; kwaye (2) iveza uluhlu lweengxelo zeklinikhi, zonke ngenjongo yokucebisa isicwangciso esithile esinokuthi senze uphando ngexesha elizayo le meko. Utshintsho kwinkqubo yokukhuthaza kwengqondo ihlolisiswa njenge-etiology ebonakalayo ejongene nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo.

Olu hlaziyo luthathela ingqalelo ubungqina bokuba iipropathi ezingamanyala ezenziwa kwi-Intanethi (ezinobunqabileyo obungenamda, ukubakho lula kokuya kwinto egqithisileyo, ifomati yevidiyo, njl. Njl.) Zisenokubakho ngokwaneleyo kwimeko yokuvuselela inkanuko yesini kwimiba yokusebenzisa iphonografi kwi-Intanethi engaguquki ngokulula iye kwinyani -Iqabane elinobomi, elokuba iintlobano zesini kunye namaqabane anqwenelekayo zingabhalisi njengoko kulindelwe intlanganiso kunye nokuhla komtshato Iingxelo zeklinikhi zibonisa ukuba ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi iphonografi ngamanye amaxesha kuyanele ukuphelisa iziphumo ezingalunganga, kugxininisa imfuneko yophando olunzulu kusetyenziswa iindlela ezinezifundo ezisusa umahluko wokusebenzisa iphonografi kwi-Intanethi.

Iimpawu zokuhlambalaza kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini (2016)

Ugunyazisiwe ngumfokazi wesiNgesi kunye nomongameli we European Federation of Sexology. Eli phepha libhekiselele kumava akhe ekliniki kunye namadoda e-35 aphuhlise ukungasebenzi kwe-erectile kunye / okanye i-anorgasmia, kunye neendlela zakhe zokwelapha zokubanceda. Umlobi uthi ezininzi izigulane zakhe zasebenzisa i-pornography, kunye neentlobo ezininzi zokuba zizilwelwe kwi-pornography. Iingcamango ezingabonakaliyo kwi-intanethi njengesizathu esibalulekileyo seengxaki. I-19 yamadoda e-35 ibone ukuphucula okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni ngokwesondo. Amanye amadoda aye aphuma kwonyango okanye azama ukubuyela. Amacatshulwa:

Isingeniso: Akunakuncedo kwaye kunokuba luncedo kwifomu eqhelekileyo eyenziwa ngokubanzi, i-masturbation kwifom yexesha eligqithiseleyo nelingaphambili, eliqhelekileyo elibandakanyekayo namhlanje kwi-addictional sex addiction, idlalwa ngokungaqhelekanga ekuhlolweni kwekliniki yokungasebenzi kakubi ngokwesondo.

Iziphumo: Iziphumo zokuqala zezi zigulana, emva konyango "lokungafundi" imikhwa yabo yokuphulula amalungu esini kunye nokukhotyokiswa kwabo neziyobisi, kuyakhuthaza kwaye kuyathembisa. Ukuncitshiswa kweempawu kwafunyanwa kwizigulana ezili-19 kwezingama-35. Iziphumo zokungasebenzi kakuhle ziphinde zabuya kwaye ezi zigulana zikwazile ukonwabela ukwanela ngokwesondo.

Isiphelo: Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-masturbation, edlalwa kunye nokuxhomekeka kwi-cyber-pornography, kuye kwabonakala kubamba indima kwi-etiology yeentlobo ezithile ze-erectile disys function or coital hungjaculation. Kubalulekile ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ubukho bale migaqo kunokuba kuqhutywe ukuxilongwa ngokupheliswa, ukwenzela ukubandakanya iindlela zokuqhelana nokukhubazeka ekulawuleni le mibabalazo.

Isenzo esingaqhelekanga sesenzo somzimba njengesisombululo se-etiological ekuxilongweni nasekunyangekeni koxinzelelo ngokwesondo kwi-young men (2014)

Enye yeephando ze-4 kwiphepha libika ngendoda eneengxaki zezesondo ezibangelwa iigonyamelo (i-libido ephantsi, i-fetus, anorgasmia). Ukungenelela ngokwesondo kufaka i-6-iveki yokuziyeka kwi-porn kunye nokuhlaziya umzimba. Emva kweenyanga ze-8 le ndoda yachaza umnqweno wesondo, isondo eliphumelelayo kunye ne-orgasm, kwaye iyanandipha "izenzo ezifanelekileyo zesondo. Le ngxelo yokuqala yokuhlaziywa kontanga yokubuyiselwa kwimizimba yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Amacatshulwa avela kweli phepha:

Xa ebuzwa malunga nezenzo zokugonywa, wachaza ukuba ngaphambili wayedlala ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza xa ekhangeleka iphonografi ukususela ebusheni. Imifanekiso engamanyala yayiqala ngokuyinhloko ye-zoophilia, kunye nokugqila, ukulawula, ukunyaniseka, kunye ne-masochism, kodwa ekugqibeleni waqhelana nalezi zinto kwaye wayedinga iziqendu ezingaphezulu zoonografi, kuquka ne-sexender transgender, ubundlobongela kunye nodlova obundlobongela. Wayethetha ukuthenga amafilimu angaphantsi kobugqwetha kwizenzo zesondo zobundlobongela nokudlwengula kwaye wabonakalisa ezo zigcawu kwiingcamango zakhe zokuziphatha ngokwesini kunye nabasetyhini. Wanciphisa kancane umnqweno wakhe kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukucinga kunye nokunciphisa i-masturbation frequency.

Ngokubambisana kunye neeseshoni zeveki kunye ne-sexistrapist, isigulane salelwe ukuba sigweme nayiphi na into yokuchazwa ngokwesini, kuquka amavidiyo, amaphephandaba, iincwadi kunye ne-intanethi.

Emva kweenyanga ze-8, isigulane sichaza ukufumana i-orgasm ephumelelayo kunye nokunyuka. Wahlaziya ulwalamano lwakhe naloo mfazi, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe baphumelela ekunandeleni izinto ezilungileyo zesondo.

Kunzima kangakanani ukuphatha ukunyanzelwa kokubambezeleka ngaphakathi kwendlela yokwabelana ngesini nengqumbo? Uthelekiso lwesifundo (2017)

Le yingxelo yamatyala amabini “adityanisiweyo” abonisa i-etiology kunye nonyango lokulibazisa ukulibazisa (i-anorgasmia). "Isigulana B" simele abafana abancinci abanyangwe ngugqirha. Isigulana B "ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kuye kwanda kwaba yinto enzima", "njengoko kuhlala kunjalo." Eli phepha lithi okunxulumene nokuzonwabisa nokubambezeleka kwe-ejaculation akuqhelekanga, kwaye kuyanda. Umbhali ufuna uphando oluthe kratya kwiziphumo ze-porn ekusebenzeni ngokwesondo. Isigulana sokulibazisa ukubambezeleka kuka-B saphiliswa emva kweeveki ezili-10 zingekho kwi-porn. Izicatshulwa:

Amatyala anamacala athile athathwe kum msebenzi wam kwiNkonzo yeSizwe yezeMpilo kwisibhedlele saseYunivesithi saseCroydon, eLondon. Kwimeko yokugqibela (Umonde B), kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le ntetho ibonisa inani lamadoda abesilisa abaye bathunyelwa yi-GP zabo kunye nokuxilongwa okufanayo. Umonde B ngumntu oneminyaka eyi-19 oye wabonisa ngenxa yokuba wayengenakukwazi ukungena nge-penetration. Xa wayengu 13, wayehlala efikelela kwiisayithi zoononografi ngethuba lokutshekisha kwi-intanethi okanye ngeengcingo abahlobo bakhe bamthumayo. Waqala ukuhlamba i-masturbating ubusuku bonke ngelixa efuna ifowuni yakhe umfanekiso ... Ukuba akazange ahlase i-masturbate wayengakwazi ukulala. Imifanekiso engamanyala ayisebenzisayo yayisanda, njengokuba kunjalo njalo (jonga i-Hudson-Allez, i-2010), kwizinto ezinzima (akukho nto engekho mthethweni) ...

Umonde B wayebonakaliswe kwizithombe zozesondo ngokusebenzisa iinthombe zoononografi ukusuka kwiminyaka ye-12 kunye noonografi ayisebenzisayo wayeye wahlabela ebukhosini kunye nolawulo lwe-15.

Savuma ukuba akayi kuphinda asebenzise iinthombe zoononophala ukuze ahlaziye. Oku kuthetha ukushiya ifowuni yakhe kwigumbi elithile ebusuku. Savuma ukuba uya kuhlambalaza ngendlela eyahlukileyo ....

Umonde B wayekwazi ukuphumeza i-orgasm ngokusebenzisa ukungena ngeseshoni yesihlanu; iiseshoni zenziwa ngehora lesibini kwiSibhedlele seYunivesithi yaseCroydon ukuze iseshoni yesihlanu ilingana namaxesha e-10 malunga nokubonisana. Wavuya yaye wayekhululekile gqitha. Kwiminyaka emithathu yokulandelelana kunye noMonde B, izinto zaqhubeka zihamba kakuhle.

Isigulana B asilona sisigxina esingekho phantsi kwiNational Health Service (NHS) kwaye ngokwenene amadoda amancinci ngokubanzi ukufumana unyango wengqondo yengqondo, ngaphandle kwamaqabane abo, athetha ngokwayo kwimimandla yenguqu.

Le ngqaku ke isekela uphando oludlulileyo oluye lwadibanisa isitala sokugcoba ngesondo kunye nokungabonwayo koonografi kwisitayela sokugcoba. Le nqaku iphetha ngokuphakamisa ukuba impumelelo yabathinteli beengqondo zobundlobongela ekusebenzisaneni ne-DE ayinakudla ngokubhaliweyo kwincwadi yezemfundo, eye yavumela umbono we-DE njengengxaki eyinkathako yokuphatha isala kakhulu. Eli nqaku lifuna uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nemiphumo yalo ekuhlaleni i-masturbation kunye nokwehla kwesisu.

Isimo se-Psychogenic Anejaculation: I-Case Study (2014)

Iinkcukacha zibonisa ityala le-porn-induced unjaculation. Amava kuphela e-zesini yomyeni ngaphambi kokuba umtshato ahlale ephinga i-pornography-apho wayekwazi khona ukuhlambalaza. Kwakhona wathi ukulala ngesondo kunokuvusa ngaphezu kokukhenkceka kwezononono. Icandelo eliyinhloko lenkcazelo kukuba "ukuqeqeshwa kwakhona" kunye neengqondo zengqondo zahluleka ukuphilisa ukunyuka kwakhe. Xa ezo zongenelelo zingaphumeleli, abaphengululi bacebise ukuba banqatshelwe ngokugqithiseleyo ukugcoba i-pornography. Ekugqibeleni oku kuvinjelwa kwintsebenzo yesini esiphumelelayo kunye nokunyuka komntu kunye nomlingane okokuqala ngqa ebomini bakhe. Ambalwa amacatshulwa:

A ngumntu oneminyaka engama-33 oneminyaka engama-30 ubudala esatshatileyo kunye noqhelwano oluqhelekileyo, oqeqeshiweyo kwimvelaphi yezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Akazange abe noqhagamshelwano ngaphambi kokulalana ngaphambi komtshato. Wayebukela iphonografi aze ahlaziye rhoqo. Ulwazi lwakhe malunga nesondo kunye nobulili belwanele. Ukulandela umtshato wakhe, uMnu A wachaza i-libido njengokwesiqhelo, kodwa kamva wanciphisa ubuncinci kwiinkcaso zakhe. Ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwe-30-45 imizuzu, wayengakaze akwazi ukuhlaziya okanye ukufeza i-orgasm ngexesha lokulala ngesondo nomfazi wakhe.

Yintoni engazange isebenze:

Imishanguzo kaMnu A isingqinisiso; i-clomipramine kunye ne-bupropion zayeka, kwaye i-sertraline yayigcinwa kwisantya se-150 mg ngosuku. Iiseshoni zonyango kunye nale mbhangqwana babanjwe ngeveki kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, emva koko bebekwa phakathi kweentsuku zintlanu nangemva kwenyanga. Iziphakamiso ezikhethekileyo kuquka ukugxila kwiintlungu zesini kunye nokugxila kumava esondo kunokusebenzisa ukunyusa ukuxininisa ukukhathazeka komsebenzi kunye nokubukela. Ekubeni iingxaki zithe gqolo nangona kungenelelo, unyango olunzulu lwezesondo lwaqwalaselwa.

Ekugqibeleni baqeshwe ngokupheleleyo ukukhwabanisa (oko kuthetha ukuba waqhubeka ehlambalaza ngoononophelo ngexesha elingentla apha angenelela ngoncedo):

Ukuvinjelwa nayiphi na uhlobo lwesenzo sezesondo kucetyiswa. Ukuqhutyelwa phambili kwindlela yokugxilwa kweengqondo (okokuqala kungezange-zesini kunye nolwasemva kokuzalwa kwesini) zaqaliswa. UMnu A wachaza ukungakwazi ukufumana isantya esifanayo sokuvuselela ngexesha lesini esithandwayo xa kuthelekiswa nento ayenayo ngexesha lokuhlambalaza. Emva kokuvalwa kwendlela yokugcoba i-masturbation, yaxela umnqweno owenyukayo wezesondo kunye nomlingane wakhe.

Emva kwexesha elingachazwanga xesha, ukuvinjelwa kwe-masturbation kwi-pornography kubangela impumelelo:

Ngeli xesha, uMnu A kunye nenkosikazi yakhe bathathe isigqibo sokuqhubela phambili ngoNcedo lokuBelekisa ukuBeletha (i-ART) kwaye batyhutyha imijikelezo emibini yokufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-intrauterine. Ngexesha leseshoni yokuziqhelanisa, uMnu. Umjikelo owenziwe okokuqala, emva koko uye wakwazi ukukhupha ngokwanelisayo ngexesha elininzi lolwalamano lwesini.

Iimfono zoonografi zenza u-Erectile Dysfunction Among Among Young Men (2019)

Abstract:

Eli phepha lihlolisisa le nto Iifoto zoonografi zenze i-erectile dysfunction (PIED), okubhekisela kwiingxaki zobundlobongela bezesondo kumadoda ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweetayilifiya ze-intanethi. Idatha yempi evela kubantu abahluphekayo kule meko iqokelelwe. Ukudibaniswa kwendlela yokuphila kwimbali yokuphila (kunye neengxoxo zemibuzo elandelwayo enxulumene ne-intanethi) kunye needayari ezijongene nazo kwi-intanethi ziqeshwe. Idatha iye yahlaziywa ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo olusisiseko (ngokutsho kwe-McLuhan ye-theory media), ngokusekelwe ekuqulunqweni kokuhlalutya. Uphando olunzulu lubonisa ukuba kukho ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononografi nokusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi erectile ebonisa ukuba i-causation.

Iziphumo ezo zisekwe kudliwano-ndlebe oluzi-11 kunye nedayari ezimbini zevidiyo kunye nee dayari ezintathu zedayari. Amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka eli-16 nama-52; Baxela ukuba ungeniso lwakwimifanekiso engamanyala (ihlala ixesha lokufikisa) ilandelwa ngokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke de kufikelelwe kwinqanaba apho umxholo ogqithileyo (obandakanya, umzekelo, izinto zobundlobongela) kufuneka ugcinwe uvuko. Inqanaba elibalulekileyo kufikelelwa kulo xa ukuvuselwa ngokwesini kuhambelana kuphela nokubukela iphonografi okukhawulezileyo kunye nokukhawuleza, ukubonelela ngesondo okungathandekiyo kunye nokungathandisi. Oku kubangela ukungakwazi ukugcina isakhiwo kunye nomlingani wezobomi, apho apho amadoda aqala khona "inkqubo yokuvuselela", ukushiya i-pornography. Oku kuye kwabanceda amanye amadoda ukuba abuye aphinde akwazi ukufezekisa kwaye agcine ukulungiswa.

Isingeniso kwisiqendu siphumo:

Emva kokucubungula idatha, ndiqaphele iipatheni ezithile kunye nezihloko eziphindaphindiweyo, emva kokulandelana kwenkcazelo kuzo zonke i-interview. Zezi: intshayelelo. Omnye uqala ukubonakalisa imifanekiso engamanyala, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphambi kobuntwaba. Ukwakha umkhwa. Omnye uqala ukutshatyalaliswa koonografi rhoqo. U kunyuka. Omnye uphendukela kwiindlela ezininzi "ezigqithiseleyo" zoononografi, iziqulatho-iziqulatho, ukwenzela ukufezekisa iimpembelelo ezifanayo ezaphunyezwe ngeendlela ezingaphantsi "ezigqithiseleyo" zoonografi.Ukufezekisa. Omnye uqaphela iingxaki zamandla ezesondo ekukholelwa ukuba zibangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamanyala. Inkqubo "yokuqalisa kwakhona". Omnye uzama ukulawula ukusetyenziswa koonografi okanye ukukususa ngokupheleleyo ukuze aphinde abuyele kwisondo. Idatha evela kudliwano-ndlebe inikezelwa ngokusekwe kolu luhlu lungentla.

Ifihliwe kwi-Shame: amaNqaku aMadoda aMadoda aSebenzisa iNgxaki yePhupha eliSebenzisa ubuGwenxa (2019)

Udliwanondlebe lwabasebenzisi be-porn ye-15. Iqela lamadoda laxela ukulutha okungamanyala, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kunye neengxaki zesondo. Amagqabantshintshi abandakanyeka kukungaziphathi kakuhle ngokwesondo, kubandakanya uMichael, owenze ngcono umsebenzi wakhe we-erectile ngexesha lokudibana kwezesondo ngokunciphisa umda ekusebenziseni kwakhe iphonografi:

Amanye amadoda athetha ngokufumana uncedo lweengcali ukulungisa ingxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi. Ezo nzame zokufuna uncedo zazingengawo mveliso kumadoda, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zazibangela iimvakalelo zentloni. UMichael, umfundi waseyunivesithi owayesebenzisa iphonografi ngokuyintloko njengendlela yokuhlangabezana noxinzelelo olunxulumene nokufunda, wayenemicimbi ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile ngexesha lokudibana kwezesondo nabafazi kwaye wacela uncedo kuGqirha oQeqeshayo (GP):

UMichael: Xa ndaya kugqirha nge-19 [. . .], Wamisela iViagra kwaye wathi [umba wam] yayiluxinzelelo lokusebenza nje. Ngamanye amaxesha bekusebenza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bekungasebenzi. Yayiluphando lomntu kunye nokufunda okwandibonisa ukuba umba wawungamanyala [. . .] Ukuba ndiye kwagqirha njengomntwana omncinci aze andinike ipilisi eblue, ndiye ndaziva ngathi akukho mntu uthetha ngayo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ubuza malunga nokusebenzisa kwam i-porn, angandiniki iViagra. (23, Middle-Mpuma, Umfundi)

Ngenxa yamava akhe, uMichael akazange abuyele kwi-GP kwaye waqala ngokwenza uphando kwi-Intanethi. Ekugqibeleni wafumana inqaku elixubusha nendoda malunga nobudala bakhe echaza uhlobo olufanayo lokungaziphathi kakuhle ngokwesini, okwamenza wajonga imifanekiso engamanyala njengonokuthi abe negalelo. Emva kokwenza umzamo obambekayo wokunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwakhe iphonografi, imiba yokungasebenzi kakuhle erectile yaqala ukuphucuka. Uxele ukuba nangona ubuncinci bexesha lokuphulula amalungu esini benganciphanga, ubukele imifanekiso engamanyala kangangesiqingatha sezo meko. Ngokunciphisa inani lamaxesha adibanise indlwabu kunye nemifanekiso engamanyala, uMichael wathi wakwazi ukuphucula kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe we-erectile ngexesha lokudibana kwabasetyhini kunye nabasetyhini.

UPhillip, njengoMichael, wafuna uncedo malunga nomnye umba wesini onxulumene nokusebenzisa kwakhe iphonografi. Kwimeko yakhe, ingxaki yayiyinto yokuncitshiswa kwesondo. Xa wayesiya kwi-GP yakhe malunga nemiba yakhe kunye nokunxibelelana nokusebenzisa kwakhe iphonografi, i-GP kuthiwa ayinanto yakwenza kwaye yamthumela kwingcali yokuchuma kwamadoda:

UPhillip: Ndaya kwi-GP kwaye wandithumela kwingcali endikholelwa ukuba aluncedo kakhulu. Abakhange bandinike isisombululo kwaye ababengendithathe ngokungathí sina. Ndigqibele ukumhlawula iiveki ezintandathu ze-testosterone shots, kwaye yayiyi- $ 100 idubula, kwaye ayenzanga kwanto. Le yayiyindlela yabo yokunyanga ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo. Andiva nje ukuba incoko yababini okanye imeko yayanele. (I-29, i-Asiya, uMfundi)

Udliwanondlebe: [Ukucacisa inqaku elidlulileyo olikhankanyileyo, ngaba ngamava lawo] anithinteleyo ekufuneni uncedo emva koko?

Phillip: Yup.

Ii-GPs kunye neengcali ezifunwa ngabathathi-nxaxheba kubonakala ngathi zinika kuphela izisombululo ze-biomedical, indlela egxekwayo kuncwadi (iTiefer, 1996). Yiyo loo nto inkonzo kunye nonyango la madoda abenako ukuwafumana kwii-GPs zawo kwakungabonwa ngathi azonelanga, kodwa kukwahlukanisile nabo ekufikeleleni ngakumbi kuncedo lobuchwephesha. Nangona iimpendulo zebhayomedical zibonakala njengeyona mpendulo ithandwayo koogqirha (Potts, Grace, Gavey, & Vares, 2004), indlela ethe kratya nejolise kubathengi iyafuneka, njengoko imiba eboniswe ngamadoda inokuba yeyokwengqondo kwaye inokwenzeka yenziwe yimifanekiso engamanyala sebenzisa.

Ukuthintela Ukuthintela Ukuthandayo (2016) [iziphumo zokuqala] - Iinkcazo ezivela kwisishwankathelo:

Iziphumo zoMthombo Wokuqala-ukuFunyanwa okuPhambili

1. Ubude bebathathi-nxaxheba abade kunabo bonke ababenzileyo ngaphambi kokuba bathathe inxaxheba kwinzululwazi ngokubaluleka kwexesha. Uphononongo lwesibini luya kuphendula umbuzo ukuba ngaba ixesha elide lokubamba inxaxheba lenza ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bangakwazi ukulibazisa umvuzo, okanye ukuba ngaba bathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi banokukwazi ukwenza iimitha ezinde.
2. Ixesha elide lokuziyeka libanokubangela ukuba kubekho ingcipheko encinci (okulungileyo). Uphononongo lwesibini luya kunika ubungqina bokugqibela.
3. Ubuntu buhambelana nobude beetrakthi. Isangqa sesibini siza kubonisa ukuba ukungabikho kuthintela ubuntu okanye ukuba umntu unokuchazela ukuhlukahluka kubude bemida.

Iziphumo zoMthombo weSibini-ukuFumana okuPhambili

1. Ukuyeka uonografi kunye nokuphonyula kwandisa amandla okulibazisa umvuzo
2. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwixesha lokuzilahla kwenza abantu abaninzi bazimisele ukuthatha ingozi
3. Ukuzibamba kwenza abantu baninzi
4. Ukuzilahla kwenza abantu baninzi, baqaphele ngakumbi kwaye bangabi ne-neurotic

Uthando olungapheliyo: Ukusetyenziswa koononografi kunye nokuzibophelela okunyanzelekileyo kumlingani womntu oyintandokazi (2012)

Izifundo ezingazange zisebenzise iifostile (kuphela iiveki ze-3). Xa kuthelekiswa namaqela amabini, abo baqhubeka besebenzisa iifoto zoonografi babecala ukuzinikela okuphantsi kunokuba bathathe inxaxheba. Yintoni eyenzekayo ukuba ingazange ihambe kwiinyanga ze-3 esikhundleni seeveki ze-3? Amacatshulwa:

Sihlolisise ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononografi kuchaphazela ubudlelwane bokuthandana, ngokulindela ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu okusetyenziswa kwamanyala angamanyala ahambelana nokuzibophelela ekuziphatheni komntu omdala.

Isifundo 1 (n = 367) yafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonografi okuphezulu kunxulumene nokuzinikela okuphantsi, kwaye

Isifundo 2 (n = 34) yachaza oku kufunyanwa usebenzisa idatha yolwazi.

[Kwaye] kwisifundo 3 (n = I-20) abathathi-nxaxheba babekwe ngokulandelelana ukuba bangaboni ukubukela iphonografi okanye umsebenzi wokuzithiba. Abo baqhubeka besebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala bavakalisa amanqanaba aphantsi okuzibophezela kunokuba bathathe inxaxheba.

Ukungenelela kuye kwasebenza ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni okanye ekupheliseni ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwithuba lovavanyo lweeveki ezintathu, kodwa aluzange lunqande abachaphazelekayo ukulawula ukuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kwabo. Iingcamango zethu zaxhaswa njengabathathi-nxaxheba kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa kwamanyala e-pornography babonisa ukunciphisa ukuzinikela ngokuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba ekuziphatheni kwimeko yoonografi.

Ukurhweba kamva Imiphumo yokuzonwabisa okwangoku: Ukusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nokukhawuleza Ukuhlawula (2015)

Ukuqala kwephepha:

Imifanekiso engamanyala kwi-Intanethi yimboni yezigidigidi yeedola eye ikhula ngokufikelelekayo. Ukucothiswa kwezaphulelo kubandakanya ukunciphisa amaxabiso amakhulu, kamva umvuzo ngenxa yokuncipha, umvuzo okhawulezileyo. Ubungqongqo obuqhubekayo kunye nobukhulu besistim sezesondo njengemivuzo enamandla kakhulu yendalo yenza i-intanethi ye-intanethi ibe yinto ekhethekileyo yenkqubo yokuvuza yengqondo, ngaloo ndlela ibe nefuthe kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo. Ngokusekwe kwizifundo zethiyori yezenzululwazi yendaleko kunye neuroeconomics, izifundo ezimbini zavavanya ingcinga yokuba ukusebenzisa iphonografi kwi-Intanethi kuyahambelana namazinga aphezulu okulibaziseka kwezaphulelo.

Isifundo se-1 sisetyenziswe umda ode. Abathathi-nxaxheba bagqibile iifrafikhi basebenzise imibuzo kunye nokuphuculwa komsebenzi wokuxotha kwiXesha le1 kwaye kwakhona emva kweeveki ezine. Abathathi-nxaxheba babika ukusetyenziswa koonografi oluphezulu kokuqala babonisa izinga lokunciphisa ukulibaziseka kwi-Time 2, ukulawula ukuphuculwa kokulibazisa kokuqala.

Isifundo se-2 sivivinyelwe ukuba sisetyenziswe ngokuyila. Abathathi-nxaxheba babekwa ngokulandelelana ukuba bayeke ukutya kwabo abathandayo okanye iifoto zoonografi kwiiveki ezintathu. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaye bayeka ukusetyenziswa kweentlophu zoononophelo babonisa ukuphuculwa kokulibaziseka okufutshane kunokuba abathathi-nxaxheba abayeke ukutya kwabo abathandayo. Ukufunyanwa kukubonisa ukuba i-intanethi ye-intanethi ngumvuzo wesini obangela ukuba ukulibaziseka ukuhlawulela ngokwahlukileyo kuneminye imivuzo yemvelo. Iingqinisiso zeengcali kunye neklinikhi zezi zifundo zigqatshelwe.

Eli phepha liqulethe Izifundo ezibini ezinde ezivavanya iimpembelelo ze-Intanethi kwi-intanethi "kulibaziseko lwezaphulelo." Ukunciphisa ukuhlawula kwenzeka xa abantu bekhetha iidola ezili-10 ngoku kuneedola ezingama-20 ngeveki. Kukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukoneliseka kwangoko kumvuzo oxabiseke ngakumbi kwixa elizayo.

Cinga ngodumo Uvavanyo lweStanford marshmallow, apho i-4 kunye ne-5 ubudala ubudala babetshelwa ukuba belibale ukutya ukutya kwe-marshmallow enye xa umphandi ephumile, baya kuvuzwa ngeprohmallow yesibili xa umphandi ebuya. Jonga lo mdlalo ividiyo yabantwana bekunzima nalolu khetho.

The u kufunda kuqala (Iminyaka yobudala engama-20) izifundo zoononografi ezihambelanayo kunye namanqaku abo ekusebenziseni ukulibaziseka okulibazisekileyo. Iziphumo:

Ukugqithisa okugqithisileyo abathathi-nxaxheba abadlayo, ngakumbi xa bebona umvuzo wesikhathi esizayo unokubaluleka ngaphantsi kwemivuzo esheshayo, nangona umvuzo wexesha elizayo wawubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukubeka ngokulula, ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxibelelana nokunciphisa amandla okubambezela ukuvuyela ukufumana umvuzo omkhulu kwixesha elizayo. Kwingxenye yesibini yale cwaningo abaphandi abavavanya izifundo belibale ukuhlawula iiveki ze-4 kamva kunye kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabo koononophelo.

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba Ukuqhubeka nokubonakalisa ukunyaniseka ngokukhawuleza kwezonografi kuhambelana nokukhawuleza ukuphuculwa kwexesha.

Ukusetyenziswa koononophelo okuqhubekayo kubangele mkhulu ukulibala ukuphuhlisa iiveki ze-4 kamva. Oku kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba kubangela ukuba ubuthathaka bukwazi ukulibazisa ukuthotywa, kunokuba kungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuthobela ukukhokelela ekusebenziseni ubulili. Uphando lwesibini luqhube le ndlu.

A isifundo sesibini (ubudala beminyaka yobudala be-19) lwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba i-porn usetyenziso oonobangela ukuphuculwa kokunciphisa, okanye ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuthotywa. Abaphandi bahlula abasebenzisi bezononono ngamaqela amabini:

1. Elinye iqela liyekile ekusebenziseni ubulili kwiiveki ze-3,
2. Iqela le sibini liyekile ekuthandweni kwabo abakuthandayo kwiiveki ze-3.

Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba baxelelwa ukuba isifundo sasizo malunga nokuzithiba, kwaye babekhethwe ngokukhethiweyo ukuba bayeke umsebenzi wabo obelwe wona.

Icandelo elinobuqili kukuba abaphandi babeneqela lesibini labasebenzisi be-porn bayeke ukutya ukutya kwabo abathandayo. Oku kuqinisekisile ukuba i-1) zonke izifundo ezibandakanya umsebenzi wokuzilawula, kunye ne-2) ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn yeqela lesibini kwakungachaphazeleki.

Ekupheleni kweeveki ezi-3, abathathi-nxaxheba babandakanyeka emsebenzini wokuvavanya isaphulelo sokulibaziseka. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngelixa "iqela lokuzilahla i-porno" lijonga kakhulu i-porn kunokuba "bathanda ukutya," uninzi akazange aphephe ngokupheleleyo ukujonga ubulili. Iziphumo:

Njengoko kuqikelelwe, abathathi-nxaxheba ababenzela ukuzithiba ngenxa yesifiso sokutya i-pornography bakhetha ipesenteji ephakamileyo yeemfuno ezinkulu, emva koko zivuza xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba ababenokuzithiba ekusebenziseni ukutya kwabo kodwa baqhubeka bechitha iphonografi.

Iqela elinciphise ukubukela kwabo i-porn kwiiveki ze-3 libonakalise isaphulelo sokulibaziseka kancinci kuneqela elinqabileyo ukutya abakuthandayo. Ukubeka ngokulula, ukuyeka i-intanethi kwandise amandla abasebenzisi be-porn ukulibazisa ukonwaba. Ukususela kwisifundo:

Ngaloo ndlela, ukwakha kwiziphumo zexesha elide loPhando lwe-1, sibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonografi okuqhubekayo kwakunxulumene nezinga eliphezulu lokulibaziseka. Ukusebenzisa ukuzithiba kwisitalathisi sezesondo kunomphumo onamandla ekunciphiseni ukuphuculwa kunokusebenzisa ukuzithiba kwenye into enomdla (umzekelo, ukutya ukutya okuthandayo).

I-take-aways:

1. Kwakungekho ukusebenzisa ukuzeyisa okwenyusa amandla okulibazisa ukonwaba. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn yeyona nto iphambili.
2. I-intanethi ye-intanethi yinto ekhethekileyo.
3. Ukusetyenziswa koononophelo lwe-intanethi, nangona kungabikho umlutha, kunemiphumo yesikhathi eside.

Yintoni ebalulekileyo ngokubambezeleka kwezaphulelo (ukukwazi ukulibazisa ukuzanelisa)? Ewe, ukucothiswa kwezaphulelo kunxulunyaniswe nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, ukugembula okugqithileyo, indlela yokuziphatha eyingozi ngokwesondo kunye nokulutha kwi-intanethi.

Buyela ku-1972 "uvavanyo lwe-marshmallow": Abaphandi baxela ukuba abantwana ababezimisele ukulibazisa ukonwaba kwaye balinde ukufumana i-marshmallow yesibini baphela benamanqaku aphezulu e-SAT (ukufaneleka), amanqanaba asezantsi okusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, amathuba okutyeba kakhulu, iimpendulo ezingcono uxinzelelo, izakhono ezingcono kwezentlalo njengoko zixeliwe ngabazali babo, kwaye amanqaku ngokubanzi angcono kuluhlu lwamanyathelo obomi (izifundo zokulandelela Apha, Apha, yaye Apha). Ukukwazi ukulibala ukuthotywa kukubaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo ebomini.

Olu phononongo lwe-porn lujika yonke into isentloko. Ngelixa uphononongo lwe-marshmallow lwalatha kwisakhono sokulibazisa ulwaneliseko njengophawu olungaguquguqukiyo, olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba lulwelo, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Ukufumanisa okumangalisayo kukuba ukusebenzisa amandla ayengeyona nto iphambili. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi kwi-Intanethi kuchaphazela izifundo zokukwazi ukulibazisa ukonwaba. Ukususela kwisifundo:

"Iziphumo zethu zikhuthaza ukufumanisa ukuba umahluko kwisaphulelo kulibaziseko ikakhulu ngenxa yokuziphatha kunakwimfuza."

Ngaloo ndlela,

"Ngelixa ukukhula nokukhula kwendalo kungadlala indima enkulu ekucutheni nasekuthandeni umntu, indlela yokuziphatha kunye nohlobo lwesikhuthazo kunye nemivuzo ikwanagalelo kuphuhliso lotyekelo olunje."

Amanqaku amabini abalulekileyo: 1) izifundo zazingacelwanga ukuba ziyeke ukuphulula amalungu esini okanye isondo- kuphela iphonografi, kunye ne-2) izifundo zazingengabo abanyanzelekileyo be-porn okanye iziyobisi. Iziphumo zibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba i-intanethi ye-intanethi iyodwa kwaye inamandla ukuvuselela okungaphezulu, ezinokukwazi ukutshintsha oko abaphandi bekunjalo nangona kunjalo. Ukususela kwisifundo:

"Imifanekiso engamanyala kwi-Intanethi ngumvuzo owabelana ngesondo onegalelo ekucothweni kwezaphulelo ngokwahlukileyo kuneminye imivuzo yendalo, nokuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo akunyanzelekanga okanye kukwenza likhoboka. Olu phando lwenza igalelo elibalulekileyo, libonisa ukuba isiphumo sidlulela ngaphaya kokuvuswa okwethutyana.

As mawaka a baqalayo [Abasebenzisi be-porn abazama ukuyeka iphonografi] bavezile, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-Intanethi kunokuchaphazela ngakumbi kunokwabelana ngesondo. Ukususela kwisigqibo sokufunda:

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala kunokubangela ukwaneliseka ngokukhawuleza ngokwesondo kodwa kunokuba nefuthe elidlulileyo kwaye lichaphazele ezinye iinkalo zobomi bomntu, ngakumbi ubudlelwane. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuphatha iiporografi njengento ekhethekileyo yokuvuselela umvuzo, ukunyaniseka, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kumntu ngamnye kunye nokunyanga. "

Isifundo siqulathe nengxoxo eluncedo yendima ye-dopamine kunye nokuziphatha okuqhutywa yikhowudi. Ukongeza, ibonelela ngophando oluninzi malunga nokuba kutheni imikhwa yesondo kunye neendlela ze-intanethi (izinto ezinqabileyo) zifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokukodwa. Ngokwendaleko, ithuba lokuphila lokulibaziseka ukwehliselwa isini ngokwesini iya kuba kukukhuthaza izilwanyana ukuba 'zilufumane ngelixa zilungile,' ngaloo ndlela ziphumelele kwimfuza yazo.

Njengoko abaphandi bathi,

"Ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala ngokwawo kunokuba yinto engenabungozi kodwa, xa unikwa into esiyaziyo ngenkqubo yomvuzo kunye nobukhulu besini njengomvuzo wendalo kunye nevuselelo le-visceral, ikwanakho ukunyanzelwa okanye ukuba likhoboka."

Abaphandi baxela ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunokunyusa ukunyaniseka kwezizathu ze-3:

1. Izibongozo zesondo zingaba namandla kakhulu, kwaye ziye zahambelana nokungafuneki ngophando oludlulileyo
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolileyo kuyindlela elula yokudibana nokudibanisa kwangempela, ingaba yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye ingaba umsebenzisi angakwazi ukuthotywa ngokukhawuleza
3. Isiqhelo esilungeleyo se-intanethi sinokubangela ukuvuselela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuhlala (ukunciphisa ukuphendula, ukuqhuba imfuno yokuvuselela ngakumbi)

Ekugqibeleni, njengoko ezininzi zezifundo ziseminyakeni yobutsha, kukho ingxoxo emfutshane malunga nendlela abatsha abanokuba ngayo ekhethekileyo kwiimpembelelo ze-intanethi.

Ngokumalunga nesampulu yangoku yabafundi beekholeji (abaneminyaka eli-19 ukuya kwengama-20 ubudala), kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba, ngokwendalo, ixesha lokufikisa liya kufikelela kwiminyaka engama-25 ubudala. Ulutsha lubonisa uvakalelo lomvuzo ngakumbi kunye nokuthintela ukugqithisa ekusebenzeni kakhulu, ukubenza babe ngaphezulu usenokuba likhoboka lazo. ”

Icandelo #2: Izifundo ezide:

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamakhwenkwe amancinci kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi: Ubudlelwane bokushicilela ixesha, ukufunwa kwemvakalelo kunye nokusebenza kwezemfundo (2014)

Ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kwalandelwa ukuhla kwezemfundo. Ingqungquthela:

Uphononongo lwamagqabi amabini ahlose ukuhlolisisa imodeli yokudibanisa kumakhwenkwe amancinci asekuqaleni (Kuthetha iminyaka yobudala = 14.10; N = 325) ukuba (a) ichaze ukubonakala kwabo kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ngokujonga ubudlelwane kunye nexesha lokufunwa kunye nokufunwa kwentswelo, kwaye (b ) ihlolisisa umphumo wokubakho kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ekusebenzeni kwabo kwizifundo. Umzekelo wendlela yokudibanisa ubonise ukuba ukuchitha ixesha kunye nokuvakalelwa kwexesha kukufuna ukuxela ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi. Amakhwenkwe anesigxina esiphezulu se-pubertal kunye namakhwenkwe aphakamileyo xa befuna ukusetyenziswa kweefayili engcolileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi kwandise ukunyuka kwamakhwenkwe eminyaka emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ingxubusho igxininise kwimiphumo yalo mzekelo wokudibanisa uphando olusasa kwi-intanethi.

Ukuboniswa kwabantwana abakwi-Adolescents Exhibure kwizinto ze-intanethi ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuneliseka ngokocansi: Isifundo eside (2009)

Isifundo eside. Ngcaciso:

Phakathi kukaMeyi 2006 kunye no-Meyi 2007, senze uphononongo oluneengqungquthela ezintathu kwi-1,052 intsha yaseDutch eyi-13-20. Imodeli yokulinganisa isakhiwo ibonakalise ukuba ukutyhila kwi-SEIM ngokuqhubekayo kunciphise ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo. Ukwaneliseka ngokwesini (kwi-Wave 2) kwandise nokusetyenziswa kwe-SEIM (kwi-Wave 3). Umphumo wokutyhila kwi-SEIM ngoxhaswa ngokwesondo akungafani phakathi kwabasetyhini nabasetyhini.

Ngaba Ukubukela Iinthombe Zoonografi Kuyanciphisa Umgangatho Womtshato Ngethuba? Ubungqina obuvela kwi-Longitudinal Data (2016)

Isifundo sokuqala sobude obude kwicandelo elimele izibini ezitshatileyo. Ifumene imiphumo emibi yokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kulwaneliseko ngokwesondo kunye nomgangatho womtshato ngokuhamba kwexesha. Isicatshulwa:

Olu phofu luqala ukuba lube ngummeli kazwelonke, i-longitudinal data (i-2006-2012 Portraits ye-American Life Study) ukuvavanya ukuba iifoto zoononophelo eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa zichaphazela umgangatho wentsapho kamva kwaye nokuba ngaba le mpawu iyenziweyo ngesini. Nje, Abantu abatshatileyo ababesoloko bebukela iphonografi kwi-2006 babike umgangatho ophantsi kakhulu wemfanelo yomtshato kwi-2012, umnatha wolawulo lwekhwalithi yomtshato yangaphambilini kunye nama-correlates afanelekayo. PImpembelelo ye-ornografi yayingengommeli nje wokungoneliseki ngobomi besondo okanye ekuthathweni kwezigqibo zomtshato kwi-2006. Ngokwempembelelo enkulu, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwamanyala ngo-2006 yayisisibonakaliso sesibini somgangatho womtshato kwi-2012.

Kuze kube Njalo Iidemon Ziba Nxalenye? Imiphumo emide ye-I-Pornography Sebenzisa kwi-Divorce, (2016)

Olu phononongo lusebenzise idatha yephaneli yoPhononongo lwezeNtlalontle eqokelelwe kumawaka abantu abadala baseMelika. Abaphenduli baxoxwa kathathu malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo koonografi kunye nesimo somtshato - yonke iminyaka emibini ukusuka kwi-2006-2010, 2008-2012, okanye i-2010-2014. Izicatshulwa:

Ukuqala kokusebenzisa iphonografi phakathi kwamaza ophando kuphantse kwaphindeka kabini amathuba okuqhawula umtshato lixesha elilandelayo lophando, ukusuka kwiipesenti ezi-6 ukuya kwipesenti ezili-11, kwaye phantse iphindwe kathathu kubafazi, ukusuka kwiipesenti ezi-6 ukuya kwipesenti ezili-16. Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukujonga iifografi, phantsi kweemeko ezithile zentlalo, kunokuba nemiphumo emibi ekuzinzeni umtshato.

Ukongeza, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abaphenduli 'kwinqanaba lokuqala lolonwabo emtshatweni badlale indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ubungakanani bokudibana kwamanyala kunye nokwenzeka koqhawulo mtshato. Phakathi kwabantu abaye baxela ukuba "bonwabile kakhulu" emtshatweni wabo kwisaveyi yokuqala, beqala ukubukela iphonografi ngaphambi kovavanyo olulandelayo kunxulunyaniswa nokonyuka okubonakalayo- ukusuka kwiipesenti ezi-3 ukuya kwipesenti ezili-12 - kumathuba okuqhawula umtshato ngexesha olo hlolo lulandelayo.

Iimpawu zoonografi ze-Intanethi kunye nomgangatho wobudlelwane: Uvavanyo olude lwangaphakathi kunye phakathi kweempembelelo zoqabane, ukuwaneliseka ngokwesondo kunye ne-intanethi ngokucacileyo kwi-intanethi phakathi kwandula-weds (2015)

Inkcazo yale ngxokolo ende:

The Idatha evela kwisampula enkulu yabasandul 'ukutshata ibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-SEIM kunemiphumo embi kunemiphumo emihle kubayeni nabafazi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukulungiswa kwamadoda kuyancipha ukusetyenziswa kwexesha ukusetyenziswa kwexesha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-SEIM kunciphise ukulungiswa. Ukongezelela, ukwaneliseka kokwabelana ngesondo nakwabesilisa kuqikelele ukuhla kwelabafazi babo SEBENZENZISWENZISWENZWENI ukusetyenziswa konyaka owodwa, ngelixa abafazi beTYIMBENZISELO YOKUSETYENZISWA KWEZINTLOKO abazange batshintshe amadoda abo.

Iifographie Sebenzisa kunye nokuSahlukana komtshato: Ubungqina obuvela kwiDave-Wave Panel Data (2017)

Inkcazo yale ngxokolo ende:

Ukudweba kwi-2006 kunye ne-2012 namaza e-Representative kazwelonke e-Representative ye-American Life Study, eli nqaku lihlolisise ukuba ngaba abantu baseMerika abatshatileyo abajonga i-pornography kwi-2006, mhlawumbi kuzo zonke okanye kwiindawo ezikhulu, banokufumana ukuhlukana komtshato ngo-2012. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezinobunjineli ezibonakalisiweyo ukuba abantu baseMerika abatshatileyo abakhangela imifanekiso engamanyala kwi-2006 babedlula ngokuphindwe kabini njengabo bangakhange bajonge i-pornography ukuze bahlukane ngo-2012, nangemva kokulawula ukufumana ulonwabo lomtshato lwe-2006 kunye nokwaneliseka ngokwesondo kunye noluntu olufanelekileyo nolwabelana. Ubudlelwane phakathi kweentlophu zoonopopasho basebenzisa ububanzi kunye nokuhlukana komtshato, nangona kunjalo, kwakusisigxina se-curvilinear. Ubuhle bokuhlukana komtshato ngo-2012 bonyuka kunye ne-2006 yoonografi basebenzise kwinqanaba kwaye ke benqabile kwiindawo eziphezulu zokusetyenziswa koonografi.

Ngaba Iingcamango Zonografi Ziyabasebenzisa Kakhulu Ukufumana Ukwahlukana KwamaRoma? Ubungqina obuvela kwi-Longitudinal Data (2017)

Inkcazo yale ngxokolo ende:

Olu hlolisiso luhlolisise ukuba amaMelika abasebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala, nokuba kukho konke okanye ngokuphindaphindiweyo, banako ukuvakalisa ukuhlukana komtshato ngexesha. Idatha ye-Longitudinal ithathwe kwii-2006 kunye ne-2012 namaza e-Representative kazwelonke e-Portraits ye-American Life Study. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezinobunjineli zobuntshintsho kubonisa ukuba Abantu baseMelika abajonga ukugqithisa kwabo bonke kwi-2006 babedla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kabili njengoko abo bangakhange bajonge i-pornography ukuba baxele ukuxabana ngo-2012, nangona emva kokulawula izinto ezifana ne-2006 kunye nolunye ulwalamano lwentlalo.. Lo mbutho wawunamandla kakhulu kunamadoda kunabasetyhini nakumaMerika angatshatanga kunokuba abatshatileyo baseMerika. Ukuhlalutya kwabonisa kwakhona ulwalamano oluxubileyo phakathi kwamaxesha amaninzi amaMelika ajonga ngayo iiporografi kwi-2006 kunye neengxaki zabo zokufumana ukuhlukana yi-2012.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kokuboniswa kwi-pornography e-intanethi, i-Psychological Well-Being kunye nokuVunyelwa kwezesondo phakathi kwe-Hong Kong i-Adolescents yaseTshayina: i-2018 ye-Three-Wave Longitudinal Study (i-XNUMX)

Olu pho nonongo luye lwafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwakuhambelana nokudandatheka, ukwaneliseka komgangatho wokuphila kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini. Amacatshulwa:

Njengokuxilongwa, ukutshatyalaliswa kweentshabathini kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kwakunxulumene neempawu eziphazamisayo, kwaye kwakuhambelana nezifundo zangaphambilini (umzekelo, uMa et al. 2018; Wolak et al. 2007). Iintsholongwane, ezazibonakaliswa ngentshiseko kwiimifanekiso engamanyala e-intanethi, zachaza uphawu oluphezulu lweempawu zoxinzelelo. Ezi ziphumo zihambelaniswe nezifundo ezidlulileyo kwiimpembelelo zokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kwintlalo yengqondo, njengempawu ezixinzeleleyo (uNesi no-Prinstein 2015; i-Primack et al. 2017; i-Zhao et al. 2017), ukuzithemba (Apaolaza et i-2013; i-Valkenburg et al. 2017), kunye nesizungu (uBonetti et al. 2010; Ma 2017). Ukongezelela, olu phofu lunikela ngenkxaso yenkxaso yexesha elide lokutshatyalaliswa ngokwemvakalelo kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ekudakaleni kwexesha. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ukusabalalisa ngokusesikweni kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kunokukhokelela kwimpawu ezidandathelisiweyo ezisekuqaleni kwebuntwaneni ...

Ulwalamano olubi phakathi kolwaneliseko lobomi kunye nokubonakaliswa koononopopasho kwi-intanethi kwakuhambisana nezifundo zangaphambili (uPeter noValkenburg 2006; uMa et al. 2018; Wolak et al. 2007). Uphononongo lwangoku lubonisa ukuba abatsha abangenelisekanga ebomini babo kwi-Wave 2 bangakhokelela ukuba bavelele kuzo zombini iindidi zokuboniswa koonobumba kwi-Wave 3.

Uphononongo lwangoku lubonisa iimpembelelo ezihambelanayo kunye nexesha elide lokujonga isimo sengqondo ngesondo kwizinto zombini zokubonakalisa iifoto zoononophala kwi-intanethi. Njengoko kulindelwe kwiphando langaphambilini (Lo no-Wei 2006; Brown kunye no-L'Engle 2009; uPeter noValkenburg 2006)

Icandelo #3: Ukutyalwa kweentlobo zoonografi:

Umphumo we-Erotica kwi-Men's's Aesthetic Perception ye-Women's Sexual Partners (1984)

Ngcaciso:

Abafundi besidanga sokuqala bavezwa (a) kwindalo yendalo okanye (b) entle xa kuthelekiswa (c) nabasetyhini abangathandekiyo kwiimeko ezilingayo zesondo. Emva koko, bavavanya ukubhenela kwabo ngokwesini kubahlobo babo kwaye bavavanya ukoneliseka kwabo ngamaqabane abo. Kwimilinganiselo yokubonisa yeeprofayili zomzimba ezibhenqileyo ngesifuba se-hypervoluptuous kunye neempundu, ukuvezwa kwabasetyhini abahle kuthande ukucinezela isibheno sabalingane, ngelixa ukubonakaliswa kwabasetyhini abangathandekiyo bekufuna ukukuphucula. Emva kokuvezwa kwabasetyhini abahle, amaxabiso amaqabane obuhle awele phantsi kakhulu kovavanyo olwenziwe emva kokuvezwa kwabasetyhini abangathandekiyo; eli xabiso lithathe isikhundla esiphakathi emva kokuvezwa kolawulo. Utshintsho kwisibheno sobuhle bomlingane asihambelani notshintsho lokoneliseka ngamaqabane, nangona kunjalo.

Iimiphumo zokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwiimpawu zentlalo (1988)

Ngcaciso:

Abafundi abesilisa nabafazi kunye nabangenalo bavelele kwiipototapes ezibonisa imifanekiso engamanyala, engabikhoyoyiyo okanye umxholo ongahlambulukanga. Ukuvezwa kwakukho kwiiseshoni nganye ngeeyure ezintandathu ezilandelelanayo. Ngeveki yesixhenxe, izifundo zibandakanyeke kwisifundo esingahambelaniyo kunye namaziko oluntu kunye nokuzixhasa. Umtshato, ubudlelwane obudibeneyo, kunye nemiba enxulumene nayo yagwetywa kwi-questionnaire ye-Value-of-Marriage questionnaire. Iziphumo zibonise impembelelo engaguqukiyo yokusetyenziswa kwamanyala.

Ukubonakaliswa kubangelwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwamukelwa ngakumbi kwezesondo zangaphambili kunye nokuxhatshazwa kunye nokunyamezela okukhulu kokufikelela kwisini kunye neqabane elithandana nabo. Yayinceda inkolelo yokuba ukuziphatha kakubi kwamadoda kunye nabesifazane kuyimvelo kwaye ukunyanzelwa kweentlobano zesini kubangela umngcipheko wempilo. Ukugqithiswa kwehlisa ukuhlaziywa komtshato, okwenza le sikhungo ibonakale ingabalulekanga kwaye ingenakwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Ukubonakaliswa kwanciphisa umnqweno wokuba nabantwana kunye nokukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwamadoda kunye nokusebenza kwabasetyhini. Ngaphandle kwemibandela embalwa, le miphumo yayifanelwe kubafundi besilisa nabafazi kunye nabafundi kunye nabangenalo.

Impembelelo yeZonografi malunga nokuNeliswa koSondo (1988)

Ngcaciso:

Abafundi abesilisa nabafazi kunye nabangenalo bavelele kwiipototapes ezibonisa imifanekiso engamanyala, engabikhoyoyiyo okanye umxholo ongahlambulukanga. Ukuvezwa kwakukho kwiiseshoni nganye ngeeyure ezintandathu ezilandelelanayo. Ngeveki yesixhenxe, izifundo zibandakanyeke kwisifundo esingahambelaniyo kunye namaziko oluntu kunye nokuzixhasa. [Ukusetyenziswa kwezesono] kwathintele kakhulu ukuvavanya amava ezesondo. Emva kokusetyenziswa koonografi, izifundo zazisa ukwaneliseka okuncinci kunye nabalingani babo obusondeleyo-ngokukodwa, ngala maqabane omlingani, ukubonakala komzimba, ukufuna ukwazi ngesondo, kunye nokusebenza kwesondo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, izifundo ezinikezelweyo zandisa ukubaluleka kwezocansi ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka komzwelo. Ezi Imiphumo yayiyifani efana nezobulili kunye nabantu.

Impembelelo ye-eerotica ethandwayo kwizigwebo zabantu abangaziwa kunye nabafazi (1989)

Ngcaciso:

Kwimvavanyo ye-2, izifundo zesilisa nabesifazana zaye zavezwa kwintsebenziswano yesini. Kwisifundo sesibini, kwakukho ukusebenzisana ngesondo ngesifundo kunye nesimo sokuvuselela ukukhwabanisa ngokwesondo. Imiphumo engavumelekanga yokukhutshwa kwendawo yangaphambili yafunyanwa kuphela kwizifundo zendoda ezityhila kwiidoda zamantombazana. Amadoda athobileyo playboy-iyona ndawo ihamba phambili iyancoma iincwadana ezithandwayo ngokwazo njengabancinane ngokubathandana nabafazi babo.

Ukuqwalaselwa komfanekiso we-Pornography kuphazamisa ukusebenza komemori wokusebenza (2013)

Izazinzulu zaseJamani zifumene oko I-intanethi ye-intanethi inganciphisa imemori yokusebenza. Kulo lwazi lovavanyo lwe-pornography, abantu abane-28 abasempilweni benza imisebenzi yokukhumbula imemori basebenzisa ii-4 ezahlukileyo zeefoto, enye yazo yayiyi-pornography. Abathathi-nxaxheba baphakamise imifanekiso engamanyala ngokubhekiselele ekuvukeleni ngokwesini kunye nokukhutshulwa ngesondo ngaphambi kokuba, kwaye emva koko, ukuvezwa kwezithombe zoonografi. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba imemori yokusebenza yayibuhlungu kuninzi ngexesha lokubukela i-pornography kwaye ukuvuswa okukhulu kwandisa ukuhla.

Imemori yokusebenza sisakhono sokugcina ulwazi engqondweni ngelixa ulisebenzisa ukugqibezela umsebenzi okanye ukujongana nomceli mngeni. Umzekelo, sisakhono sokujikisa ulwazi olwahlukeneyo njengoko usenza ingxaki yezibalo okanye ugcine abalinganiswa bethe ngqo njengoko ufunda ibali. Kuyanceda ukuba ubambe iinjongo zakho engqondweni, uxhathise iziphazamiso kwaye unqande ukukhetha okungxamisekileyo, ke kubalulekile ekufundeni nasekucwangciseni. Ukufumanisa okungagungqiyo kuphando kukuba iindlela ezinxulumene neziyobisi zithintela inkumbulo yokusebenza. Into enomdla kukuba, abanxila abenze inyanga enye yoqeqesho ukuphucula inkumbulo yokusebenza babone ukwehla kotywala kunye namanqaku angcono kwimemori yokusebenza. Ngamanye amagama, ukuphucula imemori yokusebenza kubonakala ngathi meleza u ku lawula. Ingqungquthela:

Abanye abantu baxela iingxaki ngexesha kunye nangemva kokubandakanyeka ngesondo ngo-intanethi, njengokulala okungekho kunye nokulibala ukuqeshwa, ezidibene nemiphumo emibi yokuphila. Enye indlela enokubangela ezi ntlobo zeengxaki kukuba ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ngexesha le-intanethi lingaphazamisa umthamo wokusebenza (WM), okubangelwa ukunganyanzelwanga kolwazi olufanelekileyo lwendalo kwaye ngoko ke ukungahambi kakuhle kwezigqibo. Iziphumo zityhila kakubi ukusebenza kwe-WM kwisimo somfanekiso wesithothosiso somsebenzi we-4-back xa kuthelekiswa neemeko ezintathu eziseleyo. Iziphumo zixubusha ngokubhekiselele kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kuba ukuphazamiseka kwe-WM ngeziqulatho ezinxulumene neziyobisi ziyaziwa ngokuxhomekeka kwizinto eziphathekayo.

UkuCwangciswa koTshintsho lwezithombe zoSondo kunye noKwenziwa kweNqumo ngaphantsi kobuchule (2013)

Isifundo sifumanise ukuba ukubukela imifanekiso engamanyala kuphazamisana nokwenza izigqibo ngexesha lovavanyo olusemgangathweni lokuqonda. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba iphonografi inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesigqeba, esiseti yezakhono zengqondo ezikunceda ukuba wenze izinto. Ezi zakhono zilawulwa yindawo yengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi-preortal cortex. Isicatshulwa:

Umsebenzi wokwenza izigqibo wawunzima kakhulu xa imifanekiso yesondo idibaniswa neengcingo ezingekho phantsi kwamanani xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza xa imifanekiso yesondo idibaniswe nakwiindawo ezifanelekileyo. Ukuvuswa kwezesondo ngokuvisisanayo ngokumalunga nezesondo kulungelelanisa ubudlelwane phakathi komgangatho wenkqubo kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Olu pho nonongo luye wagxininisa ukuba ukuvuswa kwezesondo kugxininisa ukuthatha isigqibo, oku kungachaza ukuba kutheni abanye abantu befumana imiphumo emibi kwiimeko zokusebenzisa i-intanethi.

Ukubambelela kwiimifanekiso engamanyala? Ukusetyenziswa ngokweqile okanye ukungahoywa kwimiba ye-intanethi kwiimeko ezininzi zihlobene neempawu zokulutha kwe-cybersex (2015)

Izifundo ezinomgangatho ophezulu ekujoliseni ukugqithiswa koononopopayi zenziwa ngokungekho kakuhle kwimisebenzi yokusebenza elawulayo (ephantsi kolawulo lwe-correx ye-prefrontal). Ambalwa amacatshulwa:

Siphandisise ukuba ingaba utyekelo lokulutha kwi-cybersex luyayanyaniswa neengxaki zokusebenzisa ulawulo lwezinto ezibonisa imeko ephangaleleyo ebandakanya imifanekiso engamanyala. Sisebenzise iparadigm ye-multitasking apho abathathi-nxaxheba babenenqaku elicacileyo lokusebenzela ukuya kumaxabiso alinganayo kwizinto ezingathathi hlangothi kunye nezephonografi. [Kwaye] safumanisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abaye baxela utyekelo lokulutha kwi-cybersex baphambuke bomelele kule njongo.

Ukusebenza kweGosa lokuSebenza ngokuSigxina ngokwezesondo kunye nokungaboni ngesondo Ngaphambi nangemva kokubukela iVideo yeHeroti (Messina et al., 2017)

Ukubonakaliswa koononophelo kuthintela ukusebenza kwamadoda "ngokuziphatha ngokunyanzela ngokwesondo," kodwa kungabikho ukulawula okunempilo. Ukusebenza ngokuhlwempuzekileyo kokusebenza xa kutyhilwa imikhwa enxulumene nokulutha luphawu lokuphazamiseka kweziyobisi (kubonisa zombini zatshintshile izijikelezo zokuhamba kwaye ku khuthazwa). Amacatshulwa:

Oku kufumanisa kubonisa ukuguquguquka okungcono kwengqondo emva kokuvuselelwa ngokwesondo ngokulawulwa ngokumalunga nabachaphazelekayo ngokwesini. Ezi nkcukacha zenkxaso zengcamango yokuba amadoda afuna ukuziphatha ngokwesini ayenakuyisebenzisela impembelelo yokufunda evela kumava, oko kunokubangela ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha okungcono. Oku kuya kuqondwa njengokungabikho komphumo wokufunda ngeqela loxhatshazo ngokwesini xa bexhatshazwa ngokwesondo, okufana noko kwenzekayo kumjikelezo wokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, oqala ngokunyuka kwenyathelo lokwabelana ngesondo, olulandelwe ukusetyenziswa kwesondo izikripthi kunye ne-orgasm, ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukufikelela kwiimeko eziyingozi.

Ukubonakaliswa kwi-Stimuli yoSondo kuHlulela kwiNkcazo yokuThuthukiswa koPhulo oluPhambili kwiNkcazo yoLuntu phakathi kwabantu (ICheng kunye neChiou, 2017)

Kwizifundo ezibini ezichaziweyo kwisistim sezesondo ezibonakalayo kwabangela ukuba: 1) isaphulelo esithe kratya (ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukuzanelisa), 2) utyekelo olukhulu lokuzibandakanya kwi-cyber-delinquency, 3) utyekelo olukhulu lokuthenga iimpahla zomgunyathi kunye nokuqhekeza iakhawunti ye-Facebook yomntu. Ukuthathwa kunye oku kubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwandisa ukunyanzeliswa kwaye kunokunciphisa imisebenzi ethile yolawulo (ukuzithiba, ukugweba, ukubonwa kwangaphambili, ukulawula ukunyanzelisa). Isicatshulwa:

Abantu bahlala behlangana nesistim sezesondo ngexesha lokusebenzisa i-intanethi. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba ukunyanzelisa isishumo sezesondo kunokukhokelela ekubeni unomdla omkhulu kumadoda, njengoko kubonakaliswe kwisaphulelo esiphezulu sexeshana (oko kukuthi, ukuthambekela kokukhetha amancinci, ukuzuzisa ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezinkulu nakwixesha elizayo).

Ekugqibeleni, iziphumo ezikhoyo zibonisa umbutho phakathi kwesisombululo sezesondo (umzekelo, ukubonakalisa imifanekiso yabesifazane abasetyhini okanye iingubo zokuvusa ngesondo) kunye nokubandakanyeka kwamadoda kwi-cyber delinquency. Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukunyaniseka kwabantu kunye nokuzithiba, njengoko kubonakaliswe ukuhlawulelwa kwesikhashana, banokungaphumeleli ekujonganeni nesisombululo sezesondo. Amadoda angenelwa ekubekeni iliso nokuba ukubonakaliswa kwesistim sezesondo kuhambelana nokukhetha kwabo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo. Izinto esizifumanisayo zibonisa ukuba ukuhlangabezana nesisombululo sokwabelana ngesondo kunokubangela ukuba amadoda angene endleleni ye-cyber delinquency

Iziphumo ezikhoyo zibonisa ukuba ukufumaneka okuphezulu kwesistim sezesondo kwi-cyberpace kunokunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nokuziphatha gwenxa kwe-cyber kunokuba bekucingelwa ngaphambili.

Izifundo ze-Intanethi kunye nezeVidiyo zokuCebisa okanye ukuBonisa ukuChukumiseka:

Ukunxibelelana nge-intanethi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokunyanzelayo, kunye nentlalo yengqondo yengqondo phakathi kwentsha: Ukufunda okude. (2008)

Isifundo eside. Amacatshulwa:

Isifundo esikhoyo saphanda ubudlelwane phakathi konxibelelwano lwabakwishumi elivisayo kunye nokusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo kwe-Intanethi, uxinzelelo kunye nesizungu. Isifundo sasinoyilo lwe-2-wave longitudinal kunye nexesha leenyanga ze-6. Isampulu yayiquka abafundi abangama-663, abesilisa abangama-318 kunye nabasetyhini abangama-345, abaneminyaka eli-12 ukuya kweli-15. Iphepha lemibuzo laqhutywa kwimeko yokufundela. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezithunywa zangoko kunye nokuxoxa kwiindawo zokuxoxa zazixhomekeke ngokufanelekileyo ekusebenziseni i-intanethi kwiinyanga ze-6 kamva. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuvisisana nophando lwasekhaya lwe-HomeNet (R. Kraut et al., 1998), ukusetyenziswa kwezithunywa ngokukhawuleza kwakunxulumene nokuxinezeleka kweenyanga ze-6 kamva. Ekugqibeleni, isizungu sasinxulumene nefuthe lokusebenzisa i-6 inyanga emva koko.

Impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi ye-Intanethi kwiMpilo yengqondo yengane (i-2010)

Esinye sezifundo zokuqala ukuvavanya abasebenzisi be-intanethi kwixesha. Isifundo sicebisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kubangela ukudandatheka kwabaselula. Amacatshulwa:

Ukuhlolisisa umphumo we-intanethi kwi-intanethi kwimpilo yengqondo, kuquka ukuxhalaba nokuxinezeleka, kwiintsholongwane zaseChina. Kukholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi kuyingozi kwimpilo yengqondo yabaselula.

ISIQOQO: Umntu oza kufundelwa kunye neqela elenziwe ngokungahleliyo ukusuka kubemi.

ABANTU ABANTU ABANTU ABANTU phakathi kwe-13 kunye ne-18 iminyaka.

IINKCUKACHA: Emva kokulungiswa kwimiba ephazamisayo, umngcipheko ohambelana nokudakumba kwabo babasebenzisa i-Intanethi nge-pathologically yayingama 21 / 2 amaxesha ezo zazingabonakali zixhobo zokusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi. Akukho buhlobo obubalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-Intanethi kunye nokuxhalaba ekulandeleni kwakuboniswa.

Iziphumo zicebisa ukuba abantu abatsha abangenakho ukufumana iingxaki zempilo yengqondo kodwa abasebenzisa i-Intanethi, bangakhubazeka ngenxa yoko. Ezi ziphumo zichaphazela ngqo ukuthintela ukugula kwengqondo kubantu abatsha, ngokukodwa kumazwe asakhulayo.

I-Precursor okanye i-Sequela: Iingxaki zePathological in People With Disorder Addiction Disorder (2011)

Isifundo esahlukileyo. Kulandela unyaka wokuqala abafundi baseyunivesithi ukuqinisekisa ukuba yeyiphi ipesenti ephuhlisa iziyobisi kwi-Intanethi, kwaye yeyiphi imingcipheko enokuthi idlale. Into eyahlukileyo kukuba izifundo zophando zazingasebenzisi i-Intanethi ngaphambi kokuba zibhalise kwikholeji. Kunzima ukukholelwa. Emva konyaka omnye kuphela wesikolo, ipesenti encinci yahlelwa njengeziyobisi kwi-Intanethi. Abo bakhulise umlutha we-Intanethi NGOKUQALA baphakamile kwinqanaba lokujonga kakhulu, kodwa baphantsi kumanqaku oxinzelelo loxinzelelo, kunye nentiyo. Izicatshulwa:

Olu pho nonongo lujolise ekuhloliseni iindima zeengxaki ze-pathological disorder kwi-intanethi yentleba kwaye zichonge iingxaki ze-pathologi kwi-IAD, kwaye zihlolisise isimo sengqondo se-addicts kwi-intanethi ngaphambi kokulutha, kuquka iinkalo zesifo esingaba sisifo sokuxilwa kwe-intanethi.

Iindlela kunye neziphumo

Abafundi be-59 babalwa nge-Symptom Check List-90 ngaphambi nangemva kokuba baba ngumlutha kwi-intanethi. Ukuthelekiswa kwedatha eqokelelweyo esuka kwi-Symptom Checklist-90 phambi kokulutha kwe-Intanethi kunye nedata eqokelelwe emva kokugqithiswa kwe-Intanethi ibonisa iindima zeengxaki zokugula kwi-intanethi phakathi kwabantu abane-disorder addiction disorder. Umbono wokunyanzela ukuthotyelwa wafunyanwa ungavamile ngaphambi kokuba ube ngumlutha kwi-intanethi. Emva kobugqwetha babo, amanqaku aphakamileyo kakhulu ayenziwa ngokulinganisa ukuxinezeleka, ukuxhalaba, ubundlobongela, ubundlobongela obuphakathi, nokukhathazeka kwengqondo, ebonisa ukuba ezi ziphumo zeengxaki zokuxilwa kwe-Intanethi. Ubungakanani be-summatisation, i-paranoid ideation, kunye nokuxhalaxwa kwe-phobic akuzange kutshintshe ngexesha lokufunda, okubonisa ukuba ezi zilinganiso azihambelani ne-intardinal disorder disorder.

izigqibo

Asikwazi ukufumana isilathisi esiqinileyo se-pathological disorder. Ingxaki yoxilongo lwe-Intanethi ingabangela iingxaki ezithile zeengxaki kwiimeko ezithile.

Ingongoma ephambili i-intanethi iyingozi yabangela utshintsho nokuziphatha. Ukususela kwisifundo:

Emva kokuphuhlisa umlutha we-Intanethi, Amanani amaninzi aphakamileyo afunyanwe ngenxa yobunzima bexinzelelo, ukuxhalaba, ubundlobongela, ubuzwe obuthile kunye nokuphathwa kwengqondo, ebonisa ukuba ezi ziphumo zeengxaki ze-intanethi.

Asikwazi ukufumana isilathisi esiqinileyo se-pathological disorder. Ingxaki yoxilongo lwe-Intanethi ingabangela iingxaki ezithile zeengxaki kwiimeko ezithile.

Imiphumo yoBunini beeVidiyo zeMidlalo kwi-Young Boys 'UkuSebenza ngokuPhakamileyo nokuSebenza: IsiFundo esiLawulayo, esiPhathwayo (2010)

Amakhwenkwe ezifunyenweyo amava omdlalo wezemidlalo amava athoba ekufundeni nasekubhaleni kwabo amanqaku. Amacatshulwa:

Emva kokuvavanywa kokuqala kobuchule bezemakhwenkwe yabafana kunye nokuziphatha kwabafundi kunye nabafundisi, abafana babesetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza ukuba bafumane inkqubo ye-video-mdlalo ngokukhawuleza okanye bafumane inkqubo yemidlalo yevidiyo emva kokuvavanya ukuvavanywa, iinyanga ze-4 kamva. Abafana abafumana inkqubo ngokukhawuleza bachithe ixesha elide badlala imidlalo yevidiyo kunye nexesha elincinane elibandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yezemfundo emva kwesikolweni kunokuba bathelekise abantwana.

Abafana abafumana inkqubo ngokukhawuleza babenomgangatho ophantsi wokufunda nokubhala kunye neengcali eziphezulu ezifundiswe ngutitshala ekulandeleni kunokuqhathanisa abantwana. Inani lemidlalo-midlalo yemidlalo idlulisa ubudlelwane phakathi kobunikazi beqonga levidiyo kunye neziphumo zemfundo. Iziphumo zinikela ubungqina bokuhlola ukuba imidlalo yevidiyo ingashenxisa imisebenzi yemva yesikolo enexabiso lokufundisa kwaye inokuphazamisa ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono zokufunda nokubhala kwabanye abantwana.

I-Brain correlates yokufuna ukudlala kwi-intanethi phantsi kwe-cue exposure in subjects with Internet addiction and gaming subjects (2011)

Ngokungafani nezifundo ezininzi, oku kufaka phakathi zombini iilawuli kunye ne-intanethi kwiimpazamo. Abaphandi bafumene ukuba izifundo nge-intanethi ye-intanethi eyenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunokuba zilawulwe kwaye zakuba zizilutha ze-Intanethi. Ubuchopho be-Intanethi yee-Addicts zahluke kwiinkqubo kunye nokubuyiswa kwabangelwa ukuguqulwa kweenguqu zengqondo ezinxulumene neziyobisi. Amacatshulwa:

Olu pho nonongo lujolise ekuhloliseni i-brain correlates ye-cue-stimulated desire to play games in subjects with Internet addiction (GA), izifundo kwizixolelo from IGA kunye nokulawula. Impendulo yokulangazelela ihlolwe yintlangano enxulumene nesiganeko semifanekiso esebenzayo yamagnetic (fMRIs).

Izifundo ezilishumi elinesihlanu kunye ne-IGA, i-15 ekuxoxweni kwe-IGA kunye ne-15 zilawulwe kulolu cwaningo. Izifundo zacwangciswa ukuba zibuke iimifanekiso-skrini zokudlala kunye nemifanekiso engathathi hlangothi phantsi kophando lwe-fMRIs. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-cortex ye-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (i-DLPFC), i-precuneus, ishiya parahippocampus, i-parahippocampus ehamba phambili, i-post-cingulate kunye neyobulungile yangaphambili yasebenza ngokuphendula kwimigca yokudlala kwiqela le-IGA kunye nokusebenza kwabo kwakomeleleyo kwiqela le-IGA kuneliqela elilawulayo.

Ummandla wabo-onomdla nawo uhambelana ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokudlala ngokunyanzeliswa phantsi kwe-cue exposure. Ezi ndawo zengqondo zisebenzayo zibonisa isiphaluka sesekethe ehambelana nendlela yokusetyenziswa kweengxaki zezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ngaloo ndlela, kuya kubonisa ukuba indlela ye-IGA ifana nesifo sengxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ukongezelela, iqela le-IGA lomelele ngamandla phezu kwe-DLPFC kunye neparhihiococampus ekhohlo ngaphandle kweqela lokuxolelwa. Ezi ndawo zimbini ziza kuba ngabamakishi abagqatswayo ukuba banomdla wokudlala kwi-intanethi kwaye kufuneka baphando kwiingxelo ezizayo.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-P300 kunye nonyango lokuziphatha ngokuziqonda kwiinkalo ezine-disorder addiction disorder: I-3 inyanga yokufunda ngokulandelelana (2011)

Emva kweenyanga ze-3 unyango lwe-EEG kwi-intlanzi ye-intanethi yayishintshile kakhulu. Amacatshulwa:

Iziphumo zophando olukhoyo lwama-ERP kubantu abathintekayo kwi-IAD zihambelana neziphumo zophando zangaphambili zezinye izilingo [17-20]. Ngokukodwa, sifumane ukunciphisa ubukhulu beP300 kunye ne-P300 latency emininzi yabantu ababonisa ukuziphatha okuluthayo ngokumalunga nokulawulwa kwempilo. Ezi ziphumo zixhasa inkxaso-mfundiso yokuba iindlela ezifanayo zengqondo zichaphazelekayo kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokulutha.

Olunye uphando oluphambili lwolu luhlu lwangoku kukuba i-latx P300 yokuhlala ixesha elide kubantu abaye ne-IAD yehle kakhulu emva kwe-CBT. Ukuqwalasela ukungabikho kwezifundo kwi-IAD kubandakanywa unyango kunye nokulandelelaniswa kwamanyathelo, umbutho phakathi kwe-P300 latency kunye ne-IAD unyango kwisampuli yethu kufuneka iguqulelwe ngokuqaphela. Uphando olongezelelweyo kufuneka luqhutyelwe ukuphinda uphendule oku kufumaneka, usebenzisa ubukhulu beesampuli kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango. I-latx ye-P300 ithathwa njengokuba inikeze umlinganiselo wonikezelo lwezobonelelo, kwaye ukongezwa kwale nxalenye ye-ERP kuye kwaxutyushwa njengengqamaniso yeenkqubo ezichasene neendlela ezichaphazela ubungakanani bekhalenda kunye nokusebenza kwe-transmispheric transmission [22-23].

Iimpembelelo zokuchongwa kwamandla okwenziwa kwintsebenziswano ye-psycho-intervention entsebenzisweni yokuqonda kunye neemeko ezinxulumene neziganeko ze-P300 kunye nokungahambisani nokugqithiswa kwezigulane ezinexilongo lwe-intanethi (2012)

Uvavanyo lufanisa iiprotokholi zeyeza ze-3 zezifundo ezinomlutha we-Intanethi. Iziphumo ezithandayo:

1. Emva kweentsuku ze-40 zonyango zonke ziphuculwe ngokuphawulekayo kumsebenzi wokuqonda.
2. Amanqaku omlutha we-intanethi ayehlulwa kakhulu kuwo onke amaqela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba unyango.

Oku kuphakamisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umsebenzi onobuhlwempu awuyiyo imeko esele ikhona kwaye iphuculwe ngokuziyeka. Amacatshulwa:

INJONGO: Ukuqwalasela imiphumo yonyango olubanzi (CT) kunye ne-electroacupuncture (EA) ngokubambisana ne-psycho-intervention intervention (PI) kumsebenzi wokuqonda kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene neziganeko (ERP), i-P300 kunye nokungahambi kakubi (MMN), kwizigulane ezinomlutha we-intanethi (IA) ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwindlela yokwenza unyango.

IINDLELA: Izigulane ezilikhulu elinamanci mabini kunye ne-IA zahlukana ngokwahlukileyo ngamaqela amathathu, kwaye izifundo ze-112 zifikelele ekuhlalutyweni kokugqibela kwetyala, i-EA iqela (izigulane ze-39), iqela le-PI (izigulane ze-36) kunye neqela le-CT (izigulane ze-37 ) U. Inkqubo yokonyango kuzo zonke izigulane kwakuyiintsuku ze-40. Utshintsho ngaphambi nangemva kwonyango ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba le-IA yokuzilinganisa, ubuchule bememori-futshane, imemori yexesha elifutshane, kunye ne-latency kunye nobukhulu be-P300 kunye ne-MMN kwizigulane.

IINKCUKACHA: Emva kwonyango, kuwo onke amaqela, i-score ye-IA yanciphisa kakhulu kwaye amanqaku emisebenzi emfutshane yesikhumbuzo kunye nexesha elifutshane lokukhumbula imemori landa kakhulu, ngelixa ukuhla kwe-IA kwinqanaba le-CT lalibaluleke ngakumbi kunamanye amaqela amabini.

Abaxhaphazi be-intanethi badibanisa nelizwe elixinezelekileyo kodwa kungeyona nto idangeleyo (2013)

Umlutha we-Intanethi wawunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo, kodwa hayi ngeempawu zokudakumba. Oku kuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo lwalusisiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi-yayingeyiyo imeko esele ikho. Izicatshulwa:

Uphononongo lwangoku luphanda imiba emithathu: (i) nokuba ngabaxhaphazi be-intanethi babonisa isimo sokudandatheka ngaphandle koxinzelelo; (ii) zeziphi iimpawu ezabelwana ngazo phakathi kokuxhaphazwa kwe-intanethi kunye nokudakumba; kwaye (iii) iziphi iimpawu zobuntu eziboniswa ngabaxhaphazi be-Intanethi.

Amadoda angamashumi asithoba anesithoba kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba be-58 abadala abaneminyaka eyi-18-24 bayihlolwe nge-Chen Internet Addiction Scale.

Iziphumo ezikhoyo zibonise ukuba abahlukumezi be-intanethi abasemngciphekweni babonisa isimo esicinezelekileyo kunokuba abahlukumezi be-Intanethi kwi-Beck Depression Inventory-II. Nangona kunjalo, abahlukumezi be-intanethi abakubeka ingozi kwi-Intanethi ye-Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 xa kuthelekiswa nabahlukumezi be-intanethi. Ngako oko, abathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa kakubi i-intanethi babonakalisa isimo esicinezelekileyo ngaphandle koxinzelelo.

IMISEBENZI: Ngokuthelekiswa kweempawu zokudandatheka kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-intanethi, kwafunyanwa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa kakubi i-intanethi babelana ngeendlela zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo kunye nokudakumba, kuquka iimpawu zeengqondo zokulahlekelwa ngumdla, ukuziphatha okubi, ukuxhalabisa, kunye neemvakalelo zetyala. Abathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa kakubi inxaxheba kwi-intanethi banokuthi banokungabikho kwiimeko zokudandathelana kwexesha kodwa asiyiyo ingxaki yokuhlala ixinzelelekileyo.

Ukuxakeka koxinzelelo, ubundlobongela kunye nokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle kwiinkqubo zoxilongo lwe-intanethi phakathi kwabantwana abaselula: Ufuna ukufunda (2014)

Olu pho nonongo lulandele abafundi abanomlinganiselo owodwa wokuvavanya amanqanaba e-intanethi kunye nokuvavanya amanqanaba okudandatheka, ubundlobongela kunye nokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle. Abaphandi bafumene ukuba umlutha we-intanethi ukwandisa ukuxinezeleka, ubundlobongela kunye nokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle, ngelixa ukuxolelwa kwi-Intanethi kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ubundlobongela kunye nokuxhalaba kwentlalo. Isizathu kunye nomphumo, kungekhona nje ukulungiswa. Amacatshulwa:

Kwiintsholongwane zabantu abasemhlabeni wonke, ukuxilwa kwe-intanethi kuxhaphakile kwaye kaninzi kuphazamiseka ukuxinezeleka, ubundlobongela kunye nokuxhalaba kweentlalo zabantu abaselula. Olu pho nonongo lujolise ekuhloliseni ukwanda koxinzelelo, ubundlobongela, kunye nokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle ngexesha lokufumana umlutha kwi-Intanethi okanye ukuxhomekeka kwi-intanethi kwintsholongwane.

Olu pho nonongo luye lwafumana abantwana be-2293 kwiBakala 7 ukuvavanya ukuxinezeleka kwabo, ubundlobongela, ukuxhalaba kweentlalo kunye ne-intanethi. Uvavanyo olufanayo luphindaphindiwe emva konyaka. Iqela lesiganeko lachazwa njengezifundo ezichazwe njengezingekho umlutha ekuvavanyweni kokuqala kwaye njengomlwelwe kuvavanyo lwesibini. Iqela lokuxoxwa lachazwa njengezifundo ezichazwe njengezilweliso ekuvavanyweni kokuqala kwaye njengokuba zingekho umlutha kwisibini kuhlolo.

Ukuxinezeleka kunye nobutsha buyingozi ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokuxilisa i-intanethi phakathi kwabaselula. Ukungenelela kwe-intanethi kulindeleke ukuba kunikezelwe ukukhusela impembelelo engalunganga kwimpilo yengqondo. Ukuxinezeleka, ubundlobongela, kunye nokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle kunciphise kwinkqubo yokuxolelwa. Yacetyisa ukuba imiphumo emibi ingaphendulwa ukuba ukukhwabanisa i-Intanethi kungakhululwa ngexesha elifutshane.

Ingxaki yokwenene ye-intanethi ye-intanethi yokudlala (2014)

Ukuphuculwa kwinxibelelwano ye-cortico-bereatal kwenzeka emva kwexesha. Amacatshulwa:

Izifundo zisebenzisa i-imagination magontic resonance imaging (fMRI) ibonise ukungasebenzi kwi-cortico-limbic isiphaluka kubantu abane-disorder yokudlala i-Intanethi (IGD). Sifumanisa ukuba okwenyani unyango (VRT) lwe-IGD luya kuphucula ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi wesiphaluka se-cortico-limbic.

Kwisibhedlele iYunivesithi yaseChung-Ang, abantu abadala abangama-24 abane-IGD kunye ne-12 yabasebenzisi bomdlalo oqhelekileyo baqeshwa. Iqela le-IGD labelwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwiqela lokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) yeqela (N = 12) kunye neqela leVRT (N = 12). Ubungqongqo be-IGD bavavanywa kunye ne-Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS) ngaphambi nasemva kwexesha lonyango. Sebenzisa indawo yokuphumla ye-fMRI, unxibelelwano olusebenzayo ukusuka kwimbewu yangasemva ye-cingate (PCC) kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho kuphandwe.

Ngexesha lokunyanga, amaqela e-CBT nama-VRT abonisa ukunciphisa amanqaku amanqaku kwi-YIAS. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, iqela le-IGD libonise ukungqinelana okuncitshisiweyo kwisiphaluka se-cortico-striatal-limbic. Kwiqela le-CBT, ukuxhuma kwi-PCC imbewu kwi-nucleus kunye ne-cerebellum ngexesha le-CBN-session CBT. Kwiqela le-VRT, i ukuxhuma kwi-PCC imbewu kwi-thalamus-frontal lobe-cerebellum eyandisiweyo ngexesha le-8-yeseshoni ye-VRT.

Ukwelashwa kwe-IGD usebenzisa i-VRT kubonakala kukuphucula ubunzima be-IGD, ebonisa ukuphumelela okufanayo kwi-CBT, nokuphucula umlinganiselo wesiphaluka se-cortico-striatal-limbic.

Uluhlu olumnyama lwe-intanethi: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-International Longitudinal ye-Intanethi esebenzisekayo, iimpawu ezixakekayo, ukutshabalalisa isikolo kunye nokuzibandakanya phakathi kwe-Finnish ne-Adolescents yasekuqaleni (2016)

Ukufundwa kwexesha elide kufumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-intanethi kunokubangela "ukudinwa" okukhokelela kuxinzelelo. Izicatshulwa:

Uphando lwamva nje lubonisa ukwanda kwenkxalabo ngentlalontle esikolweni kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho ekusetyenzisweni kwabafundi kwitekhnoloji yentlalo-yedijithali, okt, izixhobo eziphathwayo, iikhompyuter, imidiya yoluntu kunye ne-Intanethi. Kwangelo xesha kunye nokuxhasa imisebenzi yoyilo lwentlalo, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwintlalo nakwidijithali kunokukhokelela ekuziphatheni okunyanzelekileyo kunye nokuziphatha okuchaphazela iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ngokubanzi kunye nesikolo.

Sebenzisa amaza edatha amabini edatha aqokelelwe phakathi kwe-1702 (53% yabasetyhini) kwangoko (iminyaka eyi-12-14) kunye ne-1636 (i-64% yabasetyhini) emva kwexesha (iminyaka eyi-16-18) abakwishumi elivisayo baseFinland, sivavanye iindlela ezinqamlezileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-intanethi, ukuzibandakanya kwesikolo Ukudinwa, kunye neempawu zokudakumba.

Imodeli ye-equation modeling ibonisa indlela ehamba phambili yokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunye nokutshiswa kwesikolo phakathi kwamacandelo amabini asetsheni: ukutshiswa kwesikolo okuchazwe emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokugqithiseleyo kwangaphambili kwangaphambili emva kokutshiswa kweziko. Iindlela ezilungelelaniswayo phakathi kokutshatyalaliswa kwesikolo kunye neempawu ezixinzelelekileyo nazo zafunyanwa. Amantombazana ahlupheke kakhulu kunamakhwenkwe avela kwiimpawu ezixinezelekileyo kwaye, ekupheleni kwexesha elivisayo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwesikolo. Amakhwenkwe, ngokubhekiselele, amaninzi aphethwe yi-intanethi esebenzayo. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba, phakathi kwentsha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubangela ukuba ukutshiswa kwesikolo okunokuthi kungadlulela kwiimpawu ezixinzeleleyo.

Iimiphumo zokufuna ukungenelela kokuziphatha kwimigca ye-neural ye-cue-stimulated desire in-disorder gaming disorder (2016)

Ukunyangwa kwe-intanethi yokutshabalalisa i-intanethi kubangele ukunciphisa ubunzima bexilongo kunye nokuguqulwa okuhambelana nokuguqulwa kwengqondo yengxaki yomlutha. Amacatshulwa:

• Izifundo ze-IGD zabonisa ukuguqulwa kwe-neural-activated neural activation kwiindawo ezinxulumene nomvuzo.
• Izifundo ze-IGD zanciphisa iimpawu ze-IGD emva kwe-CBI.
• [Kwakhona] Izifundo ze-IGD zibonise ukuvulwa okuphezulu kokufakwa ngaphakathi emva kwe-CBI.
• Izifundo ze-IGD zibonisa i-insula-lingual gyrus / ingqungquthela yokuxhuma emva kwe-CBI.

Ingxaki yokudlala i-Intanethi (IGD) ibonakaliswe ngamanqanaba aphezulu okufuna umdlalo we-intanethi kunye nemixholo ehambelanayo. Ekubeni iziganeko ezinxulumene neziyobisi zingabangela ukwandisa ukusebenza kwiinkalo zengqondo ezibandakanyekayo ekukhuthazeni nasekuhlaleni umvuzo kwaye zinokubangela ukuziphatha kwebhola okanye ukuhlaziya kwakhona, ukunyusa ukukhupha ukukhupha ingaba yinjongo ethembisayo yokungenelela kwi-IGD. Olu hlolisiso luqhathanise ukusebenza kwe-neural phakathi kwe-40 IGD kunye ne-19 yokulawula impilo enempilo ngexesha le-Internet-gaming cue-reactivity umsebenzi kwaye yafumanisa ukuba izifundo ze-IGD zibonisa ukusebenza ngamandla kwiindawo ezininzi zobuchopho, kubandakanywa i-storum ye-brain, i-brainstem, i-substantia nigra, kunye ne-anterior i-cortex, kodwa i-activation ephantsi kwi-insula yangemva.

Ngaphaya koko, izifundo ezingamashumi amabini anesithathu ze-IGD (i-CBI + iqela) ezithathe inxaxheba kulangazelelo lokungenelela kokuziphatha (i-CBI) kunyango lweqela, ngelixa izifundo ezishiyekileyo ze-17 IGD (Iqela le-CBI) khange lifumane ungenelelo., kwaye zonke izifundo ze-IGD zachithwa ngexesha elifanayo. I Iqela le-CBI + libonise ukwehla kobukrakra be-IGD kunye nokunqwenela okubangelwa kukukhanuka, ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kokufakwa ngaphakathi kunye nokuhla kokunxibelelana okungaphakathi kunye ne-lingual gyrus kunye ne-precuneus emva kokufumana i-CBI. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-CBI isebenzayo ekunciphiseni ukukhanga nokukhawuleza kwi-IGD, kwaye ingayenza imiphumo yayo ngokuguqula ukusebenziselwa kwe-insula kunye nokudibanisa kwayo nemimandla echaphazelekayo ekusebenziseni ukubonwa kunye nokuqwalasela ingqalelo.

Utshintsho lomgangatho wobomi kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda kwengqondo kubantu abane-disorder of gaming disorder: I-6-month-up-up (2016)

Emva kweenyanga ze-6 zonyango i-intanethi yokudlala imilutha yabonisa ukuphucula okuphawulekayo kumgangatho wobomi, ukusebenza komsebenzi osebenzayo, imemori yokusebenza kunye nokunyanzelisa. Amacatshulwa:

Ingxaki yokudlala i-Intanethi (IGD) inomdla kumgangatho ombi wobomi (i-QOL) kunye nokungasebenzi komsebenzi kwaye kuya kubonakala njengengxaki yentlalo kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bukho ubungqina obukhoyo ukucacisa ukuba i-QOL kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo kuzinzileyo emva kolawulo olufanelekileyo. Uphononongo lwangoku lubhekiselele ekuphuculeni kwi-QOL kunye nokusebenza kwengcamango ehambelana neenguqu kwiimpawu zokuxhatshazwa ezilandelayo ukulawulwa kwabagulayo kwi-IGD. Iqela le-84 yindoda eselula (i-IGD iqela: N = 44, iminyaka yobudala: 19.159 ± 5.216 iminyaka; iqela lokulawula impilo: N = 40, iminyaka yobudala: 21.375 ± 6.307 iminyaka) ithathe inxaxheba kulolu phofu. Sasiqhuba iingxelo zemibuzo ngokuzenzekelayo ukuvavanya iimpawu zeklinikhi nezengqondo, kwaye zaqhuba iimvavanyo zengqondo zendalo kunye nekhompyutha.

Izigulane ezilishumi elinesi-19 ezineemvavanyo ezilandelelweyo zokulandela ukulandelwa kwe-IGD ngendlela efanayo emva kweenyanga ze-6 zonyango lwangaphandle, oluquka i-pharmacotherapy ne-serotonin e-reuptake inhibitors ekhethiweyo. Ukuqhathaniswa kokuqala kwezigulane kunye ne-IGD ngokubhekiselele kwiqela elilawulayo elinempilo kubonise ukuba izigulane ze-IGD zinempawu ezininzi zokudandatheka kunye nokuxhalaba, amazinga aphezulu okunyanzeliswa kunye nentukuthelo / ubundlobongela, amanqanaba aphezulu okuxinzezeleka, i-QOL ehluphekayo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwempendulo yokuphendula.

Emva kweenyanga ze-6 zonyango, izigulane ezine-IGD zibonise ukuphucula okukhulu kwi-IGD, kunye ne-QOL, ukukhutshwa kwempendulo kunye nokusebenza okusebenzayo. Ukongezelela, ukuhlalutya okuphindaphindiweyo kwembonakaliso kubonakalisa ukunyanzeliswa kwezigulane ze-IGD ezineememori eziphantsi zokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwinqanaba eliphezulu. TIziphumo ze-hese zibonelela ubungqina malunga nokutshintsha kwexesha elide kwi-QOL kunye nokusebenza kwengqiqo emva kokungenelela kwengqondo kwi-IGD. Ukongezelela, kubonakala ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwempendulo kunokuba ngummakishi wombuso ojoliswe phantsi kwe-pathophysiology ye-IGD.

Ukuphumelela koKhusela okufutshane ukuguqula iiNgcaciso zeMidlalo yeMidlalo ye-Intanethi kunye neentetho (2017)

Ixesha elincinci lokuziyeka likhokelela ekunciphiseni iipateni kunye neempawu zokulutha. Amacatshulwa:

INJONGO: Olu pho nonongo luhlolisise ukuphumelela kwe-84-yeyure yokulandelwa kwexesha lokubamba ukuguqula iingxaki zokudlala iInternet kunye nokuziphatha

INDLELA: Abantu abangamashumi amabini anesine abavela kwimimandla yokudlala ye-Intanethi, kuquka nabakwa-9 abaye bahlola ngokuthe tye ukungaxhatshazwa kwe-Intanethi (IGD), beyeke kwiimidlalo ze-Intanethi kwiiyure ze-84. Uphando luqokelelwe kwisiseko, kwiintsuku zemihla ngexesha lokuziyeka, kunye ne-7-day kunye ne-28-day-up

IINKCUKACHA: Ukuziyeka ngokukhawuleza ngokuzithandela kwaphumelela ekunciphiseni iiyure zokudlala, iingcamango zokudlala i-maladaptive kunye neempawu ze-IGD. Ukuziyeka kwakwamkelekile kakhulu kubathathi-nxaxheba ngokuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho mfundiso yokufunda. Ukuphuculwa koluphawu olusisiseko kwiimpawu ze-IGD kwenzeka kwi-75% yeqela le-IGD kwi-28-day-up. Ukuphuculwa okunokwethenjelwa kwiinkcukacha zokudlala i-maladaptive zenzeke kwi-63% yeqela le-IGD, elilinganiselwe kumlinganiselo we-50% kwaye lifaniswa neqela elingu-IGD kwi-28-day-up

IMITHETHO: Naphezu kokunciphisa ubungakanani beesampula, lo mzekelo unikeza inkxaso eqinisekisayo yokuzilahla ngokufutshane njengendlela elula yokusebenza yokulungisa imidlalo yokudlala kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki zokudlala iInternet.

Impembelelo ye-electro-acupuncture kunye nokungenelela kwengqondo kwiimpawu zeengqondo kunye ne-P50 yezinto ezinokukhutshwa kwezicatshulwa kwiigulane ezine-disord addiction disorder (2017)

Unyango lukhokelela ekunciphiseni iimpawu zengqondo, ezihambelana neenguqu ze-EEG. Amacatshulwa:

INJONGO: Ukuqwalasela impembelelo yonyango ye-electro-acupuncture (EA) ehlangene nokungenelela kwengqondo kwiimpawu zoxinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo yokudandatheka okanye uxhalaba kunye ne-P50 yoPhicotho-nkqubo oVunyelwe ukuThuba (I-AEP) kwi-intanethi yokuxilwa kwe-addiction disorder (IAD).

IINDLELA: Ikhulu elinamashumi amabini iimeko ze-IAD zahlulwe ngokungacwangciswanga zaba liqela le-EA, iqela le-psycho-nongenelelo (i-PI) kunye neqela elipheleleyo lonyango (EA kunye ne-PI). Izigulana kwiqela le-EA zaziphathwa nge-EA. Izigulana kwiqela le-PI zaziphathwa ngokunyangwa kunye nokunyangwa kokuziphatha. [Kwaye] abaguli kwiqela le-EA kunye ne-PI baphathwa nge-electro-acupuncture kunye nokungenelela kwengqondo. Amanqaku e-IAD, amanqaku oviwo lokuhlola uluhlu lwe-90 (SCL-90), i-latency kunye nobukhulu be-P50 ye-AEP babalwa ngaphambi nangemva kokonyango.

IINKCUKACHA: Amanqaku e-IAD emva kokuba unyango luye lwahla kakhulu kuwo onke amaqela (P <0.05), kwaye amanqaku e-IAD kwiqela le-EA kunye ne-PI ayephantsi kakhulu kunalawo amanye amaqela amabini (P <0.05). Amanqaku e-SCL-90 ahlanganisiwe kwaye into nganye emva konyango kwiqela le-EA kunye ne-PI lehle kakhulu (P <0.05). Emva kwonyango kwi-EA kunye neqela le-PI, ubude be-amplitude ye-S1P50 kunye ne-S2P50 (iS1-S2) yanda kakhulu (P <0.05).

UKUQINISWA: I-EA idibaniswe ne-PI inokukhupha iimpawu zeengqondo zezigulane ze-IAD, kwaye indlela leyo inokuthi ihambelane nokunyuka kwengqondo ye-cerebrum.

Ukufuna ukungenelela kokuziphatha ekuPhakanyisweni kwabafundi beKholeji 'kwiNgxaki yoMdlalo we-Intanethi: Isifundo seLongitudinal (2017).

Inkanuko, njengenqaku eliphambili lokulutha kunye nokuphinda iphinde iphinde iqale ukujoliswa, kukungenelela kwesiyobisi. Ngelixa i-Intanethi yokudlala ukungasebenzi kakuhle (i-IGD), ecaciswe njengendlela yokuziphatha, kukungabikho kwendlela efanelekileyo yokunyanga kunye nokuhlola indlela esebenza ngayo. Olu phando lujolise ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kunye nokufumana izithako ezisebenzayo zokungenelela kokuziphatha (i-CBI) ekunciphiseni kwe-IGD phakathi kwabantu abadala abancinci. Bebonke babeyi-63 abafundi beekholeji ezingamadoda ezine-IGD ababelwe kwiqela longenelelo (iiseshini ezintandathu ze-CBI zongenelelo) okanye iqela lokulinda uluhlu. Amaphepha emibuzo acwangcisiweyo alawulwa ngexesha longenelelo ngoncedo ngaphambi kokungenelela (T1), emva kokungenelela emva (T2), ukulandelwa kweenyanga ezi-3 (T3), kunye nokulandelwa kweenyanga ezi-6 (T4).

Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lokulawula, ukwehla okukhulu kobukrakra be-IGD kwiqela longenelelo kwafunyanwa emva kokungenelela kunye nokuhlala kuye kwiinyanga ezi-6 emva kongenelelo. Iinguqu zexabiso lokunqwenela zinokuguqula ubudlelwane phakathi kongenelelo kunye notshintsho lwe-IGD phakathi kwazo zonke iimvavanyo zeziphumo (kwangoko, T2-T1; ixesha elifutshane, T3-T1; kunye nexesha elide, T4-T1). Ngaphaya koko, ukuphononongwa kwezithako ezisebenzayo zongenelelo zafumana uxinzelelo lokudakumba kunye nokutshintsha kweemfuno zengqondo ezivela kwi-Intanethi ukuya kubomi bokwenyani kuqikelela ukuba kunqwenelekayo ukuxhamla kokubini emva kokungenelela kunye nokulandelwa kweenyanga ezi-6. Nangona kuqala, uphononongo lwangoku lubonelela ubungqina bexabiso loncedo lokungenelela olujolise kwonyango lwe-IGD kwaye ichonge izithako ezibini ezinokubakho zokuthomalalisa umnqweno, kwaye izibonelelo zonyango zexesha elide ziyagqithiswa.

I-Facebook Inzame: Ukuyeka i-Facebook iholele kwiiNqanaba eziPhakamileyo zokuPhila kakuhle (2016)

Ukuthatha ikhefu kuFacebook kuphuculwe "ulwaneliseko lobomi" kunye nemood. Izicatshulwa:

Eli nqaku lakha uphando kwi-master mysis. Iziphumo eziphambili zezifundo zihanjiswe kwipapasho eqhutywe yi-Happiness Research Institute: www.happinessresearchinstitute.com/publications/4579836749.

Uninzi lwabantu basebenzisa i-Facebook imihla ngemihla; bambalwa bayazi iziphumo. Ngokusekelwe kwi-1-iveki yokulinga kunye nabaxhamli be-1,095 ngasekupheleni kwe2015 eDenmark, olu cwaningo lunikeza ubungqina bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-Facebook kuthinta impilo yethu. Ngokuthelekisa iqela lokunyanga (abathathi-nxaxheba abathatha ikhefu kwi-Facebook) kunye neqela lolawulo (abathathi-nxaxheba abaqhubeka besebenzisa i-Facebook), kuboniswe ukuba ukuthatha ikhefu kwi-Facebook kunemiphumo emihle kwimilinganiselo emibini yentlalo-ntle: ukwanelisa ukwaneliseka komphefumlo kunye nemvakalelo yethu ibe yinto engcono. Ukongezelela, kuboniswe ukuba le miphumo ibaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi abakhulu be-Facebook, abasebenzisi be-Facebook abangabonakaliyo, nabasebenzisi abathanda ukukhwele abanye kwi-Facebook.

Utshintsho oluthile lwezinto eziphilayo emva kokungena kwi-intanethi kubasebenzisi abasebenzisayo be-intanethi abaphezulu kunye nabaphantsi (2017)

Inqaku malunga nokufunda. Emva kokuphela kwe-intanethi basebenzise abo abaneengxaki zokusebenzisa i-intanethi iimpawu zokuyeka ukukhutshwa kunye nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo. Ngcaciso:

PLoS One. 2017 Meyi 25; 12 (5): e0178480. I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0178480. eCollection 2017.

I-intanethi yokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi (PIU) iphakanyiswe njengento yokufuna uphando olongezelelweyo ngenjongo yokubandakanywa njengengxaki kwixesha elizayo leNgcaciso kunye neStatistical Manual (DSM) ye-American Psychiatric Association, kodwa ukungabi nolwazi malunga nempembelelo ye-intanethi ekupheleni Umsebenzi wezobuphilayo unesigxina esikhulu kolwazi kunye nomqobo kwi-PIU. Abadlali abalikhulu elinamanci mane anesine bavavanywa ngenxa yokuphila ngokomzimba (uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nentliziyo yesantya) kunye nengqondo yengqondo (isimo sengqondo kunye nokuxhalaba kwelizwe) ukusebenza ngaphambi nangemva kweseshoni ye-intanethi. Abantu ngabanye nabo bagqiba uviwo lwe-psychometric malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo kwi-intanethi, kunye namazinga abo okudakumba nokuxhalabisa.

Abantu abazizibonela bona babe ne-PIU babonisa ukwanda kwenani lentliziyo kunye negazi le-systolic, kunye nokunciphisa isimo sengqondo kunye nokwanda kwexhala, emva kokuphela kweseshoni ye-intanethi. Kwakungenjalo utshintsho kubantu abangenazo i-PIU. Tutshintsho lwama-hese lwaluzimeleyo kumanqanaba okudakumba nokuxhalabisa. Olu tshintsho emva kokupheliswa kwentsebenziswano ye-intanethi kufana nalabo abonwa ngabanye abayeke ukusebenzisa i-sedative okanye i-opiate iziyobisi, kwaye bacebisa ukuba i-PIU ifanelwe uphando olongezelelweyo kwaye ingqwalasela ingqalelo njengengxaki.

Ulwalamano olulandelelanayo phakathi kwe-Intanethi ye-Intanethi kunye noNxibelelwano oluHlangeneyo lweNethiwekhi phakathi kweKholeji yaseTshayina: I-Longitudinal-Lagged Analysis (2017)

Isifundo eside. Amacatshulwa:

Olu pho nonongo luhlolisise ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi (IA) kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-maladaptive cognition (NMC) kwi-kholeji yaseTshayina.. Ucwaningo olude lwexesha elifutshane kunye neesampula ze-213 zase-korean freshmen zenziwa kwiphondo laseShandong, eChina. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-IA inokuqikelela ngokucacileyo isizukulwana kunye nophuhliso lwe-NMCs, kwaye ukuba xa kusekwe iicognitive malagaptive, ziyakwazi ukuphazamisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wabafundi be-IA.

Umjikelezo onobungozi wawuboniswa phakathi kwezi zimbini eziguqukayo, kunye ne-IA enokubaluleka kwangaphambili kwintsebenziswano yayo kunye neNMC. Olu pho nonongo luye lwaqinisekisa ukuba ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwezi zimbini eziguqukayo zifana nababini abesilisa nabesifazane; Ngoko ke, imodeli yokugqibela esisisigxina ingasetyenziselwa ngokubanzi kwiiKholeji zase-korean freshmen, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isini. Ukuqonda ubudlelwane obunxulumene phakathi kwezi zimbini ezihlukeneyo kunokuncedisa ekungeneleleni kwi-IA ekuqaleni kobomi beekholeji.

Uxinzelelo, ukuxhalabisa kunye ne-smartphone ukukhwabanisa kwabafundi beyunivesithi: Ukufunda okuphambene nomgaqo (2017)

Wabonisa iimpawu zokuyeka nokunyamezela. Iingcaphuno

Uphononongo lujolise ekuhloleni ubukhulu bezimpawu zezilwanyana ze-smartphone, nokuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo okanye ukuxhalabisa, ngokuzimeleyo, kuncedisa kwizinga le-addiction ye-smartphone phakathi kwesampula se-University of Lebanon, xa ulungelelanise ngokufanayo kubalulekile kwimpucuko yezemfundo, imfundo, indlela yokuphila, ubuntu kunye ne-smartphone ezihambelanayo.

Isampula esingahleliyo ye-688 i-grade-graduate students (i-age yobudala = i-20.64 ± 1.88 iminyaka; i-53% amadoda) igqibile uphando oluqulathe i-a) imibuzo malunga nokuhlalisana kwabantu, imfundo, indlela yokuziphatha, uhlobo lomntu, kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-smartphone; b) I-26-into ye-Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) Isikali; kunye c) nezicatshulwa ezifutshane zokudandatheka kunye nokuxhalaba (i-PHQ-2 kunye ne-GAD-2), eyenza izinto ezimbini eziphambili ze-DSM-IV ngenxa yengxaki enkulu yokudandatheka kunye nokukhathazeka okuqhelekileyo, ngokulandelanayo.

Izinga eliqhelekileyo lokuziphatha okuhambelana ne-smartphone, ukukhubazeka okusebenzayo, ukunyamezela kunye neempawu zokuyeka yayininzi. U-35.9% wayeziva ediniwe emini ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-smartphone ebusuku, i-38.1% yavuma ukuhla kwebala lokulala, kwaye i-35.8% yalala ngaphantsi kweeyure ezine ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-smartphone ngaphezu kwesinye. Nangona isini, ukuhlala, iiyure zomsebenzi ngeveki, i-faculty, ukusebenza kwezemfundo (GPA), imikhuba yokuziphatha (ukutshaya nokusela utywala), kunye nenkqubo yonqulo ayizange idibanise nomlinganiselo wokulutha kwe-smartphone; uhlobo lomntu A, iklasi (unyaka we-2 nomnyaka we-3), ubuncinci ekusebenziseni i-smartphone yokuqala, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwimihla yeveki, ukuyisebenzisa ukuzonwabisa kwaye ungayisebenzisi ukubiza amalungu omndeni, kunye nokuxinezeleka okanye uxhalabe, wabonisa imibutho ebalulekileyo kunye nomlingo we-smartphone. Uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba kwamanqaku kwavela njengezimeko ezizimeleyo zokuxhatshazwa kwe-smartphone, emva kokulungelelaniswa kwabadibanisi.

Umbutho phakathi kobuntinini kunye nabangabantu abadala abakhathalelekanga ukuphazamiseka kwempawu ezibangelwa zizifo ezikhulileyo zaseKorea ezine-addiction Internet (2017)

Izimpawu zokuxhatshazwa kwe-intanethi kunye namanqaku ahlobene kakhulu neempawu zangoku ze-ADHD, kodwa kungekhona kwiimpawu ze-ADHD zobuntwaneni. Oku kubonisa ukuba umlutha we-intanethi ungabangela iimpawu ze-ADDD zabantu abadala. Amacatshulwa:

Ukufunyaniswa okuphambili kwesi sifundo, esilungelelanisa ne-hypothesis yethu, kukuba ubunzima be-IA babunxulumene kakhulu nenqanaba leempawu ezininzi zeempawu ze-ADHD nangona emva kokulawulwa kweempawu ze-ADHD zobuntwaneni kunye nezinye izimo zengqondo ze-comorbid. I-SC kuphela, ebonisa ukuzithoba kunye nokusilela ekuzithembekeni, ayizange ibonise inxaxheba ebalulekileyo kunye ne-AA. Esi siphumo singachazwa ngezifundo eziliqela nguTshints (2008) kunye noKim, u-Lee, u-Cho, uLee no-Kim (2005), ebonisa ubungakanani be-SC kwi-CAARS-KS njengesilinganisi esongezelelweyo ukuvavanya iingxaki ezisesekondari ezibangelwa iimpawu eziphambili ze-ADHD njengokungabikho kokungahambi kakuhle, ukungalindelekanga, kunye nokungahambi. Kule sifundo, kuphela ubunzima beempawu zoxinzelelo ezichazwe ngokucacileyo kwinqanaba le-SC. Ukuqwalaselwa kwezi ziphumo, kunokugqitywa ukuba ubunzima be-IA buchaza ngokubanzi zonke iimpawu eziphambili ze-ADHD yabantu abadala.

Enye into ebangel 'umdla kukuba, ngokungafani neenkolelo eziqhelekileyo, ubunzima be-ADHD yesibonakaliso sabantwana abubonisanga imimandla ebalulekileyo kunye nobukhulu beempawu ze-ADHD zabantu abadala. I-dimension ye-I kuphela ibonakalisa ubudlelwane obalulekileyo kunye nesifo se-ADHD yobuntwana kwi-model analysis ye-2 (bona iTheyibhile 3). Nangona kunjalo, lo mbutho obalulekileyo wobungqina be-ADHD yobuntwaneni kunye no-IE wanyamalala emva kokuba ubunzima bobuchule bufakwe kwi-model regression, ebonisa ukuba ubunzima bobudlelwane obubalulekileyo kunye ne-IE kunokuba babengumntwana we-ADHD.

Iziphumo ezikhoyo kweli pho nonongo zingabonisa ukukhanya phakathi kobudlelwane kunye no-ADHD. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zimbini iindlela ezichazayo ukuhlaziywa okuphezulu phakathi kwe-IA ne-ADHD, iziphumo zethu zisekela i-hypothesis ebonisa ubukho bobudala obuqhelekileyo bokuqala okuvela kwi-ADHD-njengempawu. Ngokuchasene nomxholo oqhelekileyo we-ADHD omdala malunga nokuqhubeka komntwana we-ADHD imeko (IHalperin, iTrampush, iMiller, iMark, kunye neNewcorn, ngo-2008; ULara et al., 2009), ukufunyaniswa kwezinto zakutshanje kubonise ukuba i-ADHD yokuqala yobuntwana obudala kunye nokuba ngumntu omdala ikhona i-ADHD ingaba khona kwaye umntu omdala we-ADHD akayinto elula yokuqhubekeka kwe-ADHD yobuntwana (Castellanos, 2015; UMoffitt et al., 2015). Ngokuhambelene nalezi ziphumo, olu pho nonongo lubonise ukuba iimpawu ze-ADHD zangoku zibonakalisa imibutho ebalulekileyo kunye ne-IA kunesifo se-ADHD yobuntwana kwi-WURS. Ngaphezu koko, ubunzima be-ADHD yobunzima bodwa abuzange bubonakalise ukuhambelana okubalulekileyo kunye nomntu omdala we-ADHD uphawu ngaphandle kwe-IE ubukhulu kule sifundo.

Iingxelo zangaphambili zibonise ukuba isimo se-ADHD esikhulileyo sidibene neendlela zokuphuhliswa kwamacandelo e-cortical, kunye nokuguqulwa kwamanqaku amhlophe amanethiwekhi amaninzi (ICortese et al., 2013; IKarama kunye neEvans, ngo-2013; UShaw et al., 2013). Ngokufanayo, uphando olutshanje luye lwabonisa ukuba i-IA ingakhokelela ekutshintsheni ukusebenza, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwengqondo (Hong et al., 2013a, 2013b; IKuss kunye neGriffiths, ngo-2012; U-Lin et al., 2012; UWeng et al., 2013; U-Yuan et al., 2011; UZhou et al., 2011). Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo, sinokucingela ukuba iingqondo ezisebenzayo kunye nezakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene ne-IA zinakho kwakhona ku nxu lumene ukuya kumntu omdala we-ADHD-njengempawu zokuqonda, ezimele zihluke kwiimeko ezizimeleyo ze-ADHD. Ukunyaniseka okuphezulu phakathi kwe-IA ne-ADHD (Ho et al., 2014) inokuthi ibhalwe ngqalelo iimpawu zokuqonda kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ezihambelana ne-IA kunokuba zibonakalise iimpawu ze-ADHD.

Abaphandi baseMontreal bafumana uxhulumaniso lwe-1st phakathi kwee-shooter imidlalo, ukulahleka kwemigca kwi-hippocampus (2017)

NguStephen Smith, Iindaba zeCBC iThunyelwe: Aug 07, 2017

Ukudlala imidlalo efana nale, I-Call of Duty: Ghosts, inokunyusa umngcipheko wokudakumba kunye nezinye iingxaki ze-neuropsychiatric ngenxa yokunciphisa ingcambu kwi-hippocampus, isifundo seMontreal sifumane. (Activision)

Ukudlala imidlalo ye-shooter yomntu wokuqala kubangela ukuba abanye abasebenzisi baphulukane nengwevu kwinxalenye yengqondo yabo enxulumene nenkumbulo yeziganeko zangaphambili kunye namava, uphononongo olutsha olwenziwe ngabaphandi ababini baseMontreal.

UGregory West, i unjingalwazi onxulumene nengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseMontréal, ithi i-neuroimaging study, yashicilela ngoLibini ngoLibini I-Molecular Psychiatry, ngowokuqala ukufumana ubungqina obuqinileyo bokulahleka kwento ebomvu kwingxenye ebalulekileyo yengqondo njengempembelelo ngqo ye-computer.

"Izifundo ezimbalwa zipapashiwe ezibonisa ukuba imidlalo yevidiyo inokuba nefuthe elihle kwingqondo, oko kukuthi imibutho elungileyo phakathi kwemidlalo yevidiyo, imidlalo yomntu wokuqala, kunye nokujonga kunye nezakhono zokulawula iimoto," utshilo uWest kwiCBC News.

"Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho mntu ubonakalisileyo ukuba unxibelelwano lomntu kunye nekhompyuter lunokuba nefuthe elibi kwingqondo- kule meko inkqubo yeememori zehippocampal."

Ucwaningo lweminyaka emine ngeNtshona kunye neVéronique Bohbot, uprofesa onxulumene nokugula ngengqondo kwiYunivesithi yakwaMcGill, ubukele umphumo weimidlalo zevidiyo ezenzakalo kwi-hippocampus, inxalenye yengqondo edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimemori yendawo kunye nokukwazi ukukhumbula iziganeko ezidlulileyo kunye namava.

Abaphandi uGregory West kunye noVerqueque Bohbot bathi isifundo sabo ngowokuqala ukunika ubungqina obuqinileyo bokuthi imidlalo yevidiyo ingaba nefuthe elibi kwingqondo.

Abathathi-nxaxheba besifundo se-neuroimaging bonke babesempilweni abaneminyaka eyi-18- ukuya kwi-30 ubudala abanembali yokudlala imidlalo yevidiyo.

Iingcingo zeBongo ezenziwa ngabathathi-qela ngaphambi nangemva kokuba uvavanyo lukhangele ukungafani kwi-hippocampus phakathi kwabadlali abathanda amaqhinga ememori yendawo kunye nabafundi ababizwa ngokuba yimpendulo-oko kukuthi, abadlali abanendlela yokuhamba nomdlalo iyanceda inxalenye yengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi-caudate iisucleus, esinceda senze imikhwa.

Imibala yeBrain ibonisa ukulahleka kwendoda ebomvu

Uphononongo uthi i-85 pesenti yabadlali abadlala iiyure ezithandathu okanye ngaphezulu ngeveki baye baboniswa ukuba bathembele kakhulu kwisakhiwo sengqondo ukuze bafumane indlela yabo emdlalweni.

Emva kweeyure ze-90 zokudlala imidlalo yokuqala yombhoxo Call of Duty, Killzone, IMedal of Honor kwaye Iimida ze2, Ukuvavanywa kwengqondo kwabafundi abaphendulayo kubonise into etshilo eWest "ngokwezibalo ebalulekileyo" yelahleko yembavu kwihippocampus.

"Bonke abantu esibabiza ngokuba ngabafundi abaphendulayo bafumana ukuncitshiswa kombala ongwevu ngaphakathi kwimvubu," utshilo uWest.

Kukhululo lweendaba, abaphandi bandise ekufumaneni kwabo: "Ingxaki kukuba, okukhona besebenzisa i-caudate nucleus, kokukhona besebenzisa i-hippocampus, kwaye ngenxa yoko i-hippocampus iphulukana neeseli kunye ne-atrophies," bongeze ukuba oku kunokuba iimpembelelo ezinkulu ”kamva ebomini.

Olu vavanyo lobuchopho bomdlalo wevidiyo odlalwa rhoqo lubonisa ukuba ihippocampus incinci 'ngokweenkcukacha-manani,' ngokuka West kunye neBohbot. (ingeniswe nguGregory West)

I-hippocampus yi-biomarker eqondwa kakuhle kwizifo ezithile ze-neuropsychiatric, utshilo uWest.

"Abantu abanciphise izinto ezingwevu kwihippocampus basemngciphekweni wokufumana uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo kunye nokudakumba xa besebancinci kwaye nesifo seAlzheimer xa bebadala," uthe.

Ukonyuswa kwe-Electro-acupuncture ye-intanethi: Ukufaka ubungqina bokukhubazeka kokulawulwa kwengqondo kubantwana abaselula (2017)

Impembelelo iphuculwe kakhulu kwiimvumi ze-intanethi. Uphuculo lubonakaliswe kwiinguqu ze-neurochemical kwingqondo. Amacatshulwa:

Amashumi amabini anesibini e-IA abakwishumi elivisayo babelwe i-EA (iimeko ze-16) okanye i-PI (iimeko ze-16) kwiqela letafile yedijithali. Izifundo kwiqela le-EA zafumana unyango lwe-EA kunye nezifundo kwiqela le-PI zafumana ukuqonda kunye nonyango lokuziphatha. Bonke abantwana abafikisayo bangenelela ngoncedo lwe-45-d. Amavolontiya alishumi elinesithandathu aphilileyo aqeshwa kwiqela lolawulo. Amanqaku eBarratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), uvavanyo lweYoung's Addiction Test (IAT) kunye nomyinge wobuchopho be-N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) ukuyila (NAA / Cr) kunye ne-choline (Cho) ukudala (Cho / Cr) zarekhodwa ngumbono obonakalayo wemagneti ngaphambi nasemva kongenelelo ngokulandelelana.

Amanqaku e-IAT kunye ne-BIS-11 amanqaku amaninzi kwiqela le-EA ne-PI lahleka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba unyango (P <0.05), ngelixa iqela le-EA libonisa ukwehla okubonakalayo kwizinto ezithile ze-BIS-11 (P <0.05). Zombini i-NAA / Cr kunye I-Cho / Cr yayiphuculwe kakhulu kwiqela le-EA emva kokunyanga (P <0.05); Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho lutshintsho lubalulekileyo kwi-NAA / Cr okanye kwiCho / Cr kwiqela le-PI emva konyango (P> 0.05).

Bobabini i-EA kunye ne-PI babenefuthe elihle kakhulu kwi-IA abaselula, ngokukodwa kwimibandela yamava engqondo kunye namazwi okuziphatha, I-EA inokufumana inzuzo ngaphezu kwe-PI ngokwemigaqo yokungaziphathi kakuhle kunye nokukhuselwa kwengqondo ye-neuron. Indlela ejongene nale nzuzo inokuthi ihambelane nokunyuka kwamazinga e-NAA kunye ne-Cho kwinqanaba le-prefrontal kunye ne-anterior cingulate cortices.

Ukuthatha i-Facebook ngokuxabisa ubuso: kutheni ukusetyenziswa kweendaba zoluntu kungabangela ingxaki yengqondo (2017)

Isishwankathelo samanye:

I-Facebook, inethiwekhi enkulu yentlalo yoluntu, okwangoku i-2 yabasebenzisi benyanga nganye ye-XNUMX [1], Ehambelana ngaphezulu kwe-25% yabemi behlabathi. Ngelixa ubukho benethiwekhi yentlalo ekwi-intanethi kunokubonakala ngathi ayinabungozi okanye iluncedo, uthotho lwezifundo zakutshanje ziphakamise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-Facebook kunye namanye amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yengqondo [2-5].

Kwisifundo sexesha esandula kutshanje esekelwe kwiimpawu zolwandle ezintathu (2013, 2014, kunye ne-2015) ukusuka kwabathathi-nxaxheba abangaphezu kwe-5000 kwi-Gallup Panel Social Network Study, uShakya no-Christakis bafumene ukuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-Facebook (eyalinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo ) yayinxulumene kakubi kunye nentlalo yengqondo [3]. Zombini ukucofa 'ukuthanda' kumxholo wamanye amaphepha e-Facebook kunye nokuthumela 'uhlaziyo lwesimo' kwiphepha lakho le-Facebook zazinxulunyaniswa kakubi nentlalontle yengqondo. Ngokubalulekileyo, ezi ziphumo zazomelele kuhlalutyo olunokubakho kwamaza amabini acebisa ukuba ulwalathiso lwesiphumo luya kusuka ekusetyenzisweni kwe-Facebook ukuthoba impilo-ntle yengqondo hayi enye indlela [3]. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobume bokuqwalaselwa kwedatha ehlalutyiweyo, ezi ziphumo azibonakalisi ubungqina bengozi obunobungozi be-Facebook, kodwa mhlawumbi-ngenxa yobume obude boluhlolo-lubonisa ukulinganiselwa okulungileyo kakhulu kwefuthe le-Facebook engqondweni inhlalakahle ukuya kumhla [3].

Olunye uphando lwakutshanje oluxhasa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-Facebook kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo-ntle yeTrholholt [5] apho i-1095 abathathi-nxaxheba bebanjwe ngokukhawuleza (okanye kunokuba baxhaswe ngandlela-thile) ukuba balandele enye imiyalelo emibini: (i) 'Qhubeka usebenzisa i-Facebook njengesiqhelo kweli veki elandelayo' okanye (ii) 'Musa ukusebenzisa i-Facebook kule veki elandelayo '[5]. Emva kweveki, abo babelwa kwiqela le-Facebook lokuzilahla babonisa ukwaneliseka komphefumlo ophezulu kunye nemvakalelo emihle kunabo babelwe 'i-Facebook njengesiqhelo' iqela [5]. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yesakhiwo esingalindelekanga sale sifundo, iziphumo zalo azibonakali ubungqina bokuthi i-Facebook ifuthe-umphumo, oya kunzima ukuyibeka.

Ukuba sinokucinga ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-Facebook ngokwenene kunemiphumo engozi kwimpilo yengqondo, yintoni enye indlela ephantsi kwayo? Lo mbandela uhlala ungacacile, kodwa inkcazo enemeko enengqiqo-kunye nenkxaso ethile-kukuba abantu babonisa kakhulu izinto ezintle zobomi babo kwimidiya yoluntu [6] kunye nabanye abantu-abavame ukuthabatha izicwangciso ezibonakalayo ezintle kwixabiso elijongene naloo nto-ngoko ke bafumane ingcamango yokuba ubomi babo bufanisa nabanye abasebenzisi be-Facebook [7]. Njengoko kuboniswe ukufunyaniswa kwakutshanje nguHanna et al., Ukuqhathaniswa okunjalo kwentlalo kunokwenzeka ukuba kulandelelanise imiphumo emibi yokusetyenziswa kwe-Facebook kwintlalo yengqondo [4].

Ngaba kukhangeleka ukuba umphumo ongezantsi wokusetyenziswa kwe-Facebook kwi-intlalo yengqondo kunceda ekuphuhlisweni kweengxaki zengqondo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo inokuthi 'yee', njengoko kuchanekile ukuba amaqondo aphantsi okuzinyamekela ngokwengqondo yinto ebonakalayo engabonakaliyo yengxaki yengqondo-ngakumbi ingcinezelo [8]. Ukongezelela koko, abantu abajongene nokudakumba bangabonakali ngakumbi kwiimpembelelo zentlalo ngenxa yezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yizinto ezingenakucatshangelwayo, into ebonakalayo kulo manani [9-11].

Kwimeko kaFacebook, ukungacingeli izinto ezinokubangela ukuba abantu abasesichengeni sokudakumba bave ukuba ubomi babo buthelekiswa ngakumbi ezingalunganga nakwabanye abantu kwi-Facebook. Ukongeza kwixinzelelo, kubonakala ngathi i-Facebook kunye nezinye iiprojethi zeendaba zentlalo zentlalo nazo zingaba nefuthe elichaphazelekayo malunga nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo apho i-self-image image engalunganga / ephosakeleyo iyingxenye ye-psychopathology, njengengxaki yokutya [4, 12].

Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweendaba ezentlalo ezifana ne-Facebook kuyonakalisa impilo yengqondo, sinokujamelana neengxaki zeengqondo zomhlaba wonke, mhlawumbi unempembelelo enkulu kunazo zonke izizukulwana ezisebenzisa ezi zicelo [3]. Ngako oko, intsimi yeengqondo kufuneka ithathe oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye iqhube uphando olongezelelweyo malunga nempumelelo yeendaba zentlalo kwimpilo yengqondo, kunye nezindlela zokunciphisa le mpawu ukuba ngaba ngokwenene kuyingozi. Enye indlela yokwenza oku kunokubakho ukugxininisa kwakhona-kubantwana kunye nabaselula-ukuba imidiya yoluntu isekelwe kwimilinganiselo ekhethiweyo efanelekileyo kunye neyobuchule engafanele ithathwe ngokubaluleka komntu.

I-Orbitofrontal grey deficiation as a marker of Internet insect disorder: ukuguqulwa ubungqina obuvela kwi-design-sectional and future-longitudinal design (2017)

Kwimfundo ekhethekileyo yezifundo ezingafani neevidiyo ezidlala imidlalo yevidiyo kwiiveki ze-6. Abadlali abanamava bafumana ukulahleka kwemigca kwi-correx ye-prefrontal. Umbono ongaphantsi kwelo mmandla uhambelana nomgangatho ophezulu wokulutha kwezemidlalo. Amacatshulwa:

Ingxaki yokudlala ye-intanethi ibonisa umbandela okhulayo wempilo. Izimpawu ezingundoqo zibandakanya iinzame ezingapheliyo zokulawula iindlela zokuziphatha eziluthayo kunye nokuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa nangona ziphumo ezimbi ezibonisa ukulahleka kolawulo lokulawula. Uphando lwangaphambili lubonakalise ukungaphumeleli kwengqondo kwimiba ye-prefrontal yokugcina umlawuli wokulawula kubantu abasebenzisa i-intanethi ngokugqithiseleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yendawo enqamlezileyo yezo zifundo, ahlale engaziwa ukuba i-brain obscure defects preceded the use of use Internet.

Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, isifundo esikhoyo sidibanise uyilo olunqamlezileyo kunye nolwexesha elide ukumisela iziphumo zokudlala ngokugqithileyo kwi-intanethi. Izifundo ezingamashumi amane ananye ezinembali yokudlala ngokugqithileyo kwi-Intanethi kunye nezifundo ezingama-78 zokudlala zazibhalisile kwisifundo esikhoyo. Ukuchonga iziphumo zemidlalo ye-Intanethi kulwakhiwo lobuchopho, izifundo ezingenamdlalo zokudlala zabelwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwiiveki ezi-6 zemidlalo ye-Intanethi yemihla ngemihla (iqela loqeqesho) okanye imeko engeyoyokudlala (iqela lolawulo loqeqesho).

Ekufakweni kokufunda, i-intanethi ye-intanethi ibonisa ibanga elingezantsi elingaphantsi kwemigca yevolumu umlinganiselo xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo ze-intanethi. Ngaphakathi kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi, umbandela ophantsi ophezulu kule ndawo udibene ne-high-quality video yokudlala umlingo wokulutha umlutha. Uhlalutyo lwexesha elide lubonakalise ubungqina bokuqala obuye besiya kumbindi we-grey volume umthamo wancipha ngexesha loqeqesho kwiqela loqeqesho kunye nakwiqela labadlali abadlala ngokweqile. Ngokubambisana, iziphumo ezikhoyo zibonisa indima ebalulekileyo ye-cortex ye-orbitofrontal ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa kwe-intanethi ngokubambisana ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kokubandakanya ngokugqithiseleyo kwibala le-intanethi kunye nokwehla kwesakhiwo kule ndawo yengqondo.

Isiphumo seNkqubo yokuLungulwa kweNzululwazi: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intsha yolutsha (i-2017)

Uxinzelelo kwezentlalo lwehlile ngelixa umnqweno wokuhlala nabantu wanda. Mhlawumbi uxinzelelo lwasentlalweni ayisiyiyo imeko esele ikho yeziyobisi ze-intanethi. Izicatshulwa

Ukuxhatshazwa kweengxaki zengqondo zentsha kufumaneka ukuba zidibanise kakhulu kunye ne-PIU kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zenzeke ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nobudala. Ulwaphulo oluthile lweCandelo loLwaphulo-mpilo (CBT) lugqityiweyo luye lwaboniswa ukunciphisa kakhulu phambi kweempawu zeengqondo ezifana nokudandatheka kunye nokuxhalaba kwentlalo. Inkqubo Yokungenelela Kweengqondo-Intsebenziswano ye-Intanethi Yolutsha (i-PIP-IU-Y) yinkqubo ejoliswe kwi-CBT eyenzelwe abantwana abaselula kwaye iqulethe uluhlu lwezakhono zokusebenzisana ukuphucula ukusebenzisana kwabo ubuso nobuso. Ijolise ekuthathweni kwamanyathelo okuthintela ukuxhatshazwa kwe-intanethi phambi kokuba iqhube ngokubhekiselele kwi-PIU yabathathi-nxaxheba njengendlela yokuziphatha engalunganga kunye nokubandakanya iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza kwengqondo.

Inani elipheleleyo labathathi-nxaxheba abali-157 phakathi kweminyaka eli-13 neli-18 bayigqibile inkqubo ebandakanya iiveki ezisibhozo ngeveki, iiseshoni ezingama-90 kwifomathi yeqela. Iziphumo zonyango zalinganiswa kusetyenziswa utshintsho olululo ekupheleni kwenkqubo kunye nenyanga enye emva konyango. Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba lubonise ukuphucuka emva kweeseshoni zeeveki ezisibhozo ze-PIP-IU-Y kunye nokuqhubeka kokugcina iimpawu kwi-1 yenyanga yokulandela. Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba lukwazi ukulawula iimpawu ze-PIU emva kwenkqubo yokungenelela, ukuqinisa ukusebenza kwePIP-IU-Y. Akukona nje kuphela ukujongana nokuziphatha kwe-PIU kodwa kwanceda ekunciphiseni ukuxhalabisa kwentlalo kunye nokwandisa intsebenziswano yoluntu.

Uphando olongezelelweyo lunokuphanda ulwahlulo lwonyango phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo e-PIU (umz., Ukudlala kwi-intanethi kunye noonografi) ukwenzela ukuba ubone ukuba kukho ukungafani konyango.

Ukwelashwa kweMidlalo yokuLungulwa kweMida: Ukuhlolwa kweSifundo seNkundla yeeNtlobo ezine zeeNtsundu zeNtsha zeZingxaki (2017)

Ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ixesha elichithe ukudlala kukubangela amanqaku aphuculweyo kwizixhobo zokuvavanya zonke iintlobo zeengxaki zomzwelo nezengqondo. Ingqungquthela:

Utshintsho lweSigaba lugqityiwe ngokusetyenziswa kwezi zilandelayo: (i) AB yenzeka xa zonke izilinganiso zesigaba A zifunyenwe; (ii) B-A 'yenzeka xa ukungenelela kwagqityiwe; kwaye (iii) isigaba A 'senzeke ngokuqokelela idatha emva kweenyanga ezintathu emva kokuba unyango luphele

Ukuthelekiswa kwangaphambili kwamanqaku kwibhetri yezikali kubonise imikhwa yokunciphisa (jonga kwiTheyibhile 2). Amanqaku eziklinikhi kuvavanyo lwe-IGD-20 kunye ne-CERV eqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-t1 ukuya kwi-t6, kwaye bahlala bezinzile kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kokuba unyango luphelile (iTheyibhile 2, t6 ukuya ku-t7). Iimpawu ngokubanzi njengoko kuvavanywa i-YSR-Iyonke kunye ne-SCL-R-PSDI isikali kuphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo. Amanqaku anxulumene nesikolo (i-CBCL), iingxaki zentlalo (YSR), kunye neengxabano zosapho (i-FES) nazo ziye zaphucuka ngokulandela unyango (iTheyibhile 2).

Ukuvavanya iimpembelelo zonyango kunyango oluthile lwe-comorbid, isikali sovavanyo lwe-MACI sathelekiswa. Amanqaku kula manqanaba anciphisile: C1: Uxinzelelo lweAfrican (FF) pre = 108, FFpost = 55, Intagasion (1) pre = 107, 1post = 70; C2: Ukungaqiniseki koontanga (E) pre = 111, Epost = 53, Ukuziva unexhala (EE) pre = 76, EEpost = 92; C3: Umda weTension (9) pre = 77, 9post = 46, Unruly (6A) pre = 71, 6Apost = 71; I-C4: FFpre = 66, FFpost = 29, 1pre = 104, 1post = 45. Okuphela kwayo ngaphandle kwesikali yayiyi-EE esikalini [Ukuziva unexhala] (yeC2) neSikali 9 [umda weBorderline] (yeC3), apho kungekho kuncipha kwenzekileyo. Ukuvavanya umanyano wonyango kunye nenqanaba lezigulana lokoneliseka, kwasetyenziswa isixhobo seWATOCI (Corbella kunye noBotella 2004) (Itheyibhile 2). Amanqaku afanelekileyo abonisa ukoneliseka kwabathathi-nxaxheba abane kunyango.

Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-intanethi kudala ukungalingani kwiBongo (2017)

Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, iziyobisi kwi-intanethi zazinamazinga aphezulu e-gamma aminobutyric acid, okanye i-GABA, i-neurotransmitter enxulunyaniswe nezinye iziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Emva kweeveki ezili-9 zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi, kunye nonyango lokuziphatha, amanqanaba e-GABA "aqhelekile".

Kule nqaku:

Uphando olutsha ludibanise izilingo ze-intanethi kunye nokungalingani kwamakhemikhali kwingqondo. Kwisifundo esincinci, esiboniswe namhlanje kwi nganiso yonyaka weRadiological Society yaseNyakatho Melika eChicago, abathathi-nxaxheba abali-19 abanamakhoboka eefowuni, iipilisi, kunye neekhompyuter babonisa amanqanaba aphezulu ngokungalinganiyo we-neurotransmitter ethintela ukusebenza kwengqondo.

Iindaba ezimnandi: Emva kweeveki ezilithoba zonyango, iikhemikhali zabathathi-nxaxheba ziqhelekile, kwaye ixesha labo lesikrini lehlile, utsho uHyung Suk Seo, unjingalwazi we-neuroradiology kwiYunivesithi yaseKorea eSeoul, owathi wenza isifundo.

U-Seo kunye noogxa bakhe bafumanisa ukungalingani kwemichiza yobuchopho besebenzisa i-magnetic resonance spectroscopy-indlela yokucinga efumanisa utshintsho kwiimetabolites ezithile kwingqondo. Esi sixhobo sibonise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abanamakhoboka e-Intanethi, xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, babephakamise amanqanaba e-gamma aminobutyric acid, okanye i-GABA, i-neurotransmitter enxulunyaniswe nezinye iziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Abathathi-nxaxheba-abatsha abayi-19 baseKorea abaneminyaka yobudala eli-15-bonke bafunyaniswa ukuba bane-Intanethi kunye neziyobisi ze-smartphone. Ukuchongwa kwesiyobisi kwi-Intanethi kuthetha ukuba umntu usebenzisa i-Intanethi ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba liphazamisane nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Abathathi-nxaxheba banamanqaku aphezulu kakhulu kuxinzelelo, unxunguphalo, ukuqaqanjelwa sisisu, kunye nokuxhonywa, xa kuthelekiswa nolutsha olungenamakhoboka.

Ishumi elinambini leziyobisi zaye zanikwa iiveki ezilithoba zohlobo lonyango lweziyobisi olubizwa ngokuba lunyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo. Emva konyango, u-Seo kwakhona walinganisa amanqanaba abo e-GABA, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba baqhelekile.

Okubaluleke ngakumbi, inani leeyure ezichithwe ngabantwana phambi kwesikrini nazo zehlile. "Ukwazi ukubona ukuqheleka — yinto ebangela umdla kakhulu leyo," utsho Max Wintermark, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford owayengabandakanyekanga kolu phando. Ukufumana indlela yokujonga isiphumo sonyango lweziyobisi-ngakumbi uhlobo oluthile lwesalathiso kwangoko-kunokuba nzima, utshilo. "Ke ukuba unayo i-biomarker oyikhupha kwindlela yokucinga evumela ukuba ujonge isiphumo sonyango lwakho kwaye ukuxelele kwangethuba ukuba iyaphumelela-ibaluleke kakhulu," utshilo.

Iziganeko zokuqhawula umdlalo wokuzilahla kwi-gamers ezinomngcipheko ezifuna iingxaki (2018)

Isifundo esahlukileyo sasinonyango olufuna unyango lwabadlali abazama ukuyeka iveki. Uninzi lwabadlala umdlalo baxela iimpawu zokurhoxa- ezenza ukuba kube nzima ukuyeka. Iimpawu zokurhoxa zithetha ukuba umdlalo ubangela utshintsho kwingqondo. Isicatshulwa:

Uhlolisiso lujolise ekuchongeni ukuguquguquka kwexesha elifutshane lokuzibandakanya ukudlala ukuzilahla emva kokuqhagamshelana kokuzithandela kunye nenkonzo yenkxaso ye-intanethi. Ingqikithi yabadlali be-186 abadala kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nokudlala ziye zafakwa kwi-intanethi. Abathathi-nxaxheba bagqiba ingxaki ye-DSM-5 yokudlala imidlalo ye-intanethi (IGD), uluhlu lokuhlola, ukuxinezeleka Ukuxinwa kweengxaki ze-Stress-21, ukuCandwa kwamanqaku e-Intanethi, ukuGembula ukuKhula, kunye nokuPhathwa kweMidlalo yokuPhatha. I-iveki enye yeeveki yokulandelela ihlolwe ngokunyanzela ukuzithiba.

Abayekeleli babengenakunokwenzeka ukuba babe neempawu zokuhoxisa kwaye kuncinci ukudlala imidlalo yokudubula. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaneempawu zengqondo (i-40% yenani elipheleleyo) babonisa iimpawu ze-IGD ngokubaluleke kakhulu, iimpawu zokudlala ze-maladaptive ezinamandla (umz., Ukuhlawula umdlalo wemidlalo), iziganeko zangaphambili zangaphambili zeengxaki zokudlala kunye nobunzima bomgangatho wobomi. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zengqondo azizange zithi ukuyeka ukuzilahla okanye ukuqhubeka kwezemidlalo. Abantu abadala abane-disorder disorder bafuna uncedo lokunciphisa ukudlala kwabo bangazuza ngokusuka kumaqhinga alawula ukuhoxiswa kunye ne-psychoeducation malunga nemisebenzi yokudlala emngciphekweni.

Iintanethi phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi enempilo, engxaki, kunye neziyobisi ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu eziphathekayo kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nombono (2018)

Olunye uphando oluyingqayizivele oluhlolisisa izifundo kunye neempawu ezinjenge-ADHD ezisandul ' Ababhali bakholelwa kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa i-intanethi kubangela ukuba i-ADHD ibe neempawu. Ingqungquthela kwingxoxo.

I-ADHD i-comorbidity kunye ne-ADHD njengempawu kwi-intlanzi ye-intanethi

Ngokumalunga nokuxilongwa kwe-ADHD kulolu cwaningo, ukuxhaphaza kwangoku kunye nobomi kwiqela le-addicts ye-intanethi (i-13.8% ne-11.5%) yayiphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi be-intanethi kunye nokulawula okunempilo. Uhlalutyo lwe-meta luqikelela ukuxhaphaka ngokubanzi kwe-ADHD malunga ne-2.5% (USimon, uCzobor, uBálint, uMészáros, kunye noBitter, ngo-2009). Ininzi yezifundo kwi-ADHD kunye ne-intanethi yilapho iqhutywe kwiintsholongwane kwaye kungekhona kubantu abadala (USeyrek et al., 2017; UTateno et al., 2016). Kukho isifundo esisodwa kuphela sokubhengeza i-ADHD ukuxhaphaka kwe-5.5% kubantu abadala "abanengxaki" kubasebenzisi be-intanethi (UKim et al., 2016). Nangona kunjalo, isampuli iquka nabasebenzisi abanomlutha kwaye ngoko iziphumo zingenakufaniswa nezo zifundo.

Kwolwazi lwethu, oku bekuyi-yokuqala yokuzama ukuzama ukubandakanya uvavanyo lwefuthe leempawu ze-ADHD ezandul 'ingqinisiso kwandiswa kwindlela yokuxilongwa kwe-ADHD kwi-intlanzi ye-intanethi.. Abathathi-nxaxheba abane-ADHD kwakunye nalabo abaneempawu ezinjenge-ADHD ezisanda kutshatyalaliswa kubonakalisa kakhulu ukuphakama kokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokuthe xa kuthelekiswa nalabo abangazange bazalisekise le miqathango. Ukongezelela koko, abathathi-nxaxheba abaxhatshaziweyo abaneempawu ze-ADHD ezisandul 'ukutsha (i-30% yeqela eliluthayo) libonise ukwanda kwexesha lokusebenzisa i-intanethi ngokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa nalabo bathathi-nxaxheba abangenalo iimpawu ze-ADHD.

Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba iimpawu ze-ADHD ezisandula kutshatyalaliswa (ngaphandle kokuzalisekisa imigaqo yokuxilonga ye-ADHD) zidibene ne-intanethi. Oku kunokukhokelela kwisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi ngokugqithiseleyo kunempembelelo ekuphuhliseni ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo efana neyofumaneka kwi-ADHD. Uphando olutshanje lukaNie, uZhang, uKhen, noLi (2016) yabika ukuba i-intanethi ye-intanethi iyalutha kunye ngaphandle kwe-ADHD kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba be-ADHD yedwa babonisa ukulahleka okufananisiweyo nokulawulwa kwemimiselo nokusebenza kwememori yokusebenza.

Le ngcamango ibonakala iphinde ixhaswe ngophando oluthile lwengxelo ekunciphiseni ubuninzi begrey kwi-cortex yangaphambili kwi-intanethi kubasebenzisi be-Intanethi kunye nakwizigulane ze-ADHD (UFrodl kunye neSkokauskas, 2012; UMoreno-Alcazar et al., 2016; UWang et al., 2015; U-Yuan et al., 2011). Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukucinga kwethu, uphando olongezelelweyo oluhlolisisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokuqala kokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi ngokugqithiseleyo kunye ne-ADHD kwiimilutha ezi-intanethi ziyadingeka. Ukongezelela, ukufundwa kwexesha elide kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukucacisa imeko. Ukuba iziphumo zethu ziqinisekiswa ngezifundo ezongezelelweyo, oku kuya kuba nekliniki yokusebenza kwinkqubo yokuxilonga ye-ADHD. Kucingeka ukuba oogqirha baya kufunwa ukuba benze uvavanyo olunzulu lweendlela ezisetyenziswayo zokusebenzisa i-intanethi kwizigulane ezine-ADHD.

Imiphumo emibi yenyama kunye neengqondo zenkxaso yexesha lesikrini kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo: Ukuphononongwa kweencwadi kunye nokufunda kwimeko (2018)

Uvavanyo lwesifundo lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kubangele ukuziphatha okuhlobene ne-ADHD okungafumaneki ngokuchanekileyo njenge-ADHD. Abstract:

Umzimba okhulayo woncwadi udibanisa ukusetyenziswa okuthe gabalala kunye nokulutha kwemidiya yedijithali kunye nemiphumo emibi yomzimba, yengqondo, yentlalo kunye ne-neurological. Uphando lujolise kakhulu ekusebenziseni izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo, kunye nezifundo zibonisa ukuba ubude bexesha, umxholo, ukusetyenziswa kobusuku, uhlobo lweemidiya kunye nenani lezixhobo lizixhobo eziphambili ezimisela ixesha lesiphumo. Iziphumo zempilo yasemzimbeni: Ixesha eligqithisileyo lesikrini linxulunyaniswa nokungalali kakuhle kunye nemeko yomngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo ezinje ngexinzelelo lwegazi, ukutyeba kakhulu, i-cholesterol esezantsi ye-HDL, ulawulo loxinzelelo olungendawo (ukuphakama koxinzelelo kunye ne-cortisol dysregulation), kunye ne-Insulin Resistance. Ezinye iziphumo zempilo yomzimba zibandakanya ukungaboni kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwethambo. Iziphumo zengqondo: ukuzimela ngaphakathi kunye nokuziphatha okungaphandle kuyahambelana nokulala kakubi.

Iimpawu zoxinzelelo kunye nokuzibulala kunxulunyaniswa nexesha lesikrini elenza ukuba ungalali kakuhle, ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sedijithali ebusuku, kunye nokuxhomekeka kwefowuni. Ukuziphatha okunxulumene ne-ADHD kwakudityaniswa neengxaki zokulala, ixesha lesikrini ngokubanzi, kunye nomxholo onobundlobongela kunye okhawulezayo owenza i-dopamine kunye neendlela zomvuzo. Ukuvezwa kwangoko kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide kumxholo wobundlobongela kukwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokuziphatha okutenxileyo kunye nokuncipha kokuziphatha okugwenxa. Iziphumo zengqondo: ukusetyenziswa kwexesha lesikrini elichasayo kunciphisa ukujongana nentlalo kwaye kubandakanya ukuzibandakanya kokuziphatha okufana nokuziphatha kokuxhomekeka kwinto. Utshintsho kulwakhiwo lobuchwephesha olunxulumene nolawulo lwengqondo kunye nommiselo weemvakalelo unxulunyaniswa nokuziphatha okujikelezileyo kwidijithali. Isifundo sophando kunyango lwe-ADHD ifunyaniswe ineminyaka eyi-9 sibonisa ukuba ixesha lokuziphatha elinxulumene ne-ADHD linokuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo njenge-ADHD. Ukunciphisa ixesha lesikrini kusebenza ekunciphiseni indlela yokuziphatha enxulumene ne-ADHD.

Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ekuqinisekisweni kwengqondo ye-psychophysiological isengqondo-ejikelezayo (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuziphatha okuhlobene ne-ADHD), ukulungelelaniswa kweentlalo kunye nokuqhotyoshelweyo kunye nempilo emzimbeni. Ukusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kwegedijithali ngokugqithiseleyo ngabantwana kunye nabaselula kuyabonakala njengento ebalulekileyo eyinokubangela ukwakhiwa kokuqina kwengqondo kwengqondo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi ye-Adolescent, Intsebenziswano yeNtlalo kunye neZityhumo eziThuzayo: Uhlalutyo oluvela kwi-Surveyinal Cohort Survey (2018)

Ukuhlolisisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwentsha yokuzonwabisa-ntanethi kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwentlalo kwimeko yesikolo kunye nendlela le ntsebenziswano ithintela ngayo iimpawu ezixinzeleleyo kwiintshukumo zaseTaiwan, zisebenzisa isifundo esikhulu selizwe lonke kunye neendlela zokukhula eziqhelekileyo (LGM).

Idatha yabafundi be-3795 ilandelwe ukusuka kunyaka 2001 ukuya kwi-2006 kwi-Survey Panel Education Survey yahlaziywa. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha le-intanethi kwintetho yee-intanethi kuchazwe ngamaeyure ngeveki esetyenzisiweyo kwi-1) ingxoxo ye-intanethi kunye (2) imidlalo ye-intanethi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezentlalo kunye nokubonakaliswa kweempawu ezixinzelelekileyo zazizimeleyo. Sasiqala ukusebenzisa i-LGM engenammiselo ukuqikelela isiseko (sithatha) kunye nokukhula (umthamo) wokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi. Emva koko, enye i-LGM ihambelaniswe nokuhlanganiswa kwentlalo kunye nokudandatheka.

Indlela yokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi yayihambelana ngokuqinisekileyo neempawu zokudakumba (umlingani = 0.31, p <0.05) kwi-Wave 4.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenhlalakahle ezikolweni kwakuqala ukudibanisa nokusetyenziswa kwexesha lokuzonwabisa kwi-intanethi phakathi kwentsha. Ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ngexesha kwakungacacisiwe ngokuhlanganiswa koluntu kwintlalo kodwa kwakunempembelelo embi ekudakaleni. Ukomeleza ubophelelo lwabakwishumi elivisayo esikolweni kunokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwexesha le-Intanethi. Xa becebisa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi kwinqanaba lokufikisa, ababoneleli ngezempilo kufuneka baqwalasele izigulana zonxibelelwano lwentlalo kunye nokuba sempilweni kwengqondo.

Umsebenzi wokuPhumula-weSizwe we-Prefrontal-i-Striatal Circuits kwi-Intanethi ye-Gaming Disorder: Utshintsho nge-Cognitive Practice Response (2018)

Kule sifundo eside, i-ALFF kunye neC FC baqeshwe ukuba baphonononge ukutshintsha kweengqondo phakathi kweqela le-IGD kunye ne-HC kunye nendlela yokwelapha ye-CBT kwizifundo ze-IGD. Sifumene ukuba izifundo ze-IGD zibonisa umsebenzi ongaqhelekanga kwezinye iindawo eziphambili ze-prefrontal ezimalunga nezifundo ze-HC kwaye i-CBT inokubangela ukuba ibenze ibenze iimeko ezingavumelekanga kwi-OFC kunye ne-putamen kunye nokwandisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabo, ngaphezu kokuphucula iimpawu ze-IGD.

Kulo pho nonongo, i-FC yindawo yokuphumla phakathi kwe-OFC yamanzi kunye ne-putamen yayincinci kakhulu kwiqela le-IGD. I-BIS-11 i-correlates yeenguqu zeC FC yabonisa ukuba ukungaphumeleli kwimijikelezo ye-prefrontal-striater ingaba nempembelelo ekuziphatheni okuphambanisayo kwezifundo ze-IGD. Iingxelo zangaphambili ze-neuroimaging zichaze ukuba ukukhubazeka komsebenzi kwimimandla ye-PFC kwakudibaniswe nokunyaniseka okuphezulu kwi-IGD (37).

Imijikelezo ephambili yendawo yokuqala ibandakanya ilop yokuqonda, edibanisa ikakhulu i-caudate kunye ne-putamen kunye nemimandla yangaphambili. Ngokuhambelana noko kufunyanisiweyo kuphando olusebenzayo lwe-neuroimaging, ii-alternation ezisebenzayo ziye zajongwa kwimimandla ephambili yangaphambili (kubandakanya i-medic yasekunene ye-OFC, i-SMA yamazwe amabini kunye ne-ACC yasekhohlo) kunye nemimandla ye-gangal ye-gangal (i-putamen yamazwe amabini) kwiingxaki ezichasayo, kubandakanya i-IGD (12, 38, 39). Volkow et al. Iinqununu eziphakanyisiweyo zeeuronal kwizifundo ezinobungozi, kuquka i-OFC-, ACC-, i-gyrus engaphantsi kwe-GYrus (IFG) -, kunye ne-corrox ye-preforeal cortex (DLPFC) -i-circuits ezihamba phambili, ezinokubonisa ukuziphatha okubonakalayo, ezifana nokuzithiba nokuziphatha ukungaziphathi kakuhle (40) kunye neengxaki ekwenzeni izigqibo ezintle, ezibonakalisa umlutha; xa abantu abane-IGD beqhubeka bedlala imidlalo nangona bajamelana nemiphumo emibi, oku kuya kuhambelana nomsebenzi ongenakunokwenzeka wee-circuit-striater circuits (41).

Kwisifundo samanje, ixesha lokudlala ngeveki lalifutshane kakhulu, kwaye amanqaku e-CIAS kunye ne-BIS-II ayencitshiswa kakhulu emva kwe-CBT. Yacetyisa ukuba imiphumo emibi ingaphendulwa ukuba ukukhwabanisa i-Intanethi kungakhululwa ngexesha elifutshane. Siye sabona ukwehla kwexabiso le-ALFF kwi-OFC ephezulu yekhohlo kunye ne-leftamen ekhohlo kunye nokwanda kwe-OFC-putamen emva kokuba i-CBT, efunyenweyo ehambelana nemibono yangaphambili ephakanyisiwe ukuba isiphaluka se-OFC-esilungileyo sinokujoliswa kwefuthe lokunyanga neengxaki (43). I-OFC ibandakanyeka kwimimiselo yokunyanzeliswa kwongeziweyo kwisenzo sokwenza izigqibo, ngoko ukudibanisa phakathi kwe-OFC kunye ne-putamen kubonisa ukulawula okungcono ukuziphatha okuphambanisayo kwezifundo ze-IGD (44). Iyahambelana nemiphumo ye-BIS-11 izikolo emva kweyonyango.

Isishwankathelo, iziphumo zethu zibonise ukuba i-IGD idibaniswe nomsebenzi wetshintsho yamasekethe athile ahlaseleyo kwaye i-CBT inokubambelela ngokungaqhelekanga ukusebenza kwe-OFC kunye ne-putamen kwaye yandise ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabo. Ezi ziphumo zinokunika isiseko sokutyhila indlela yokwelapha ye-CBT kwizifundo ze-IGD kwaye zikhonza njengezixhobo ezinokuthi zikwazi ukuqikelela ukuphucula iziphumo ezilandelayo kwi-CBT kwizifundo ze-IGD.

Isithintelo se-Smartphone kunye nempembelelo yaso kwi-Subjective Ukurhoxiswa kweeNgxelo ezifanayo (2018)

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-smartphone ngokugqithiseleyo kuye kwahlanganiswa nemiphumo emibi kumntu kunye nendalo. Ezinye izinto ezinokufaniswa zingabonwa phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-smartphone ngokweqile kunye nezilingo ezininzi zokuziphatha, kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo. Kwisiphelo esiphakamileyo kakhulu sokusasazwa kokusetyenziswa kwe-smartphone, ukuthintela i-smartphone kunokulindeleka ukuba kuphakamise iimpembelelo ezimbi kubantu abathile. Ezi ziphumo zingalunganga zithathwa njengeempawu zokurhoxa ngokwesiko kunxulunyaniswa neziyobisi ezinxulumene neziyobisi.

Ukujongana nalo mbandela wexesha elifanelekileyo, uphononongo olukhoyo ngoku luvavanye amanqaku kwi-Smartphone Withdrawal Scale (SWS), uloyiko lokuphoswa kwinqanaba (FoMOS) kunye ne-Positive and Negative Afitive schedule (PANAS) ngexesha lama-72 h okuthintela i-smartphone. Isampulu yabathathi-nxaxheba be-127 (ama-72.4% abasetyhini), abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-48 ubudalaM = 25.0, SD = I-4.5), zafakwa ngokulandelelana kwiimeko ezimbini: imeko ekhuselekile (iqela lokulinga, n = 67) okanye imeko yolawulo (iqela lokulawula, n = 60).

Ngexesha lexesha lokuthintela abathathi-nxaxheba bazalise izikali ezikhankanywe ngasentla kathathu ngosuku. Iziphumo zibonise amanqaku aphakamileyo kakhulu kwi-SWS kunye ne-FoMOS kubathathi-nxaxheba ababelwe imeko ekhuseleyo kunezo zabelwe imeko yolawulo. Ngokubanzi iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukukhawulelwa kwe-smartphone kunokubangela iimpawu zokurhoxisa.

Ngaba "unyanzelekile ukuzilahla" kwibala lokukhokelela ekugqibeleni ukuyisebenzisa? Insight ukusuka ku-Aprili 2018 ukuphazamiseka kweziphakeli ze-Fortnite (2018)

Ukudlala kunye nokujonga iifotoli ezingamanyala kukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo, kodwa akukho nto encinci eyaziwayo ngokuphathelele kwabo. Ngo-Apreli 11, i-2018, iiseva zomdlalo wevidiyo Fortnite: Battle Royale iphazamise i-24 hr, inika ukuqonda okunokwenzeka kwiindlela zokuziphatha "zokunyanzelwa". I-Pornhub, iqonga le-Intanethi lephonografi, emva koko lakhupha amanani malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwabadlali kwi-Intanethi ngeli xesha (I-Pornhub, i-2018).

I-Pornhub yabika ukuba xa iiseva ziphantsi, ipesenteji yabadlali be-gamers (echongiweyo ngokusebenzisa idatha ebusondeleyo ehlinzekwa yi-Google analytics) yokufikelela kwi-Pornhub yanda nge-10% kwaye igama elithi "Fortnite"Yayisetyenziswa ngu-60% yabantu ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekutshekeni koonografi. Le patheni yokusetyenziswa kweentlophu zoonografi yayinganiselwe kwixesha "lokunyanzela ukunyanzelisa" kwaye libuyela kwisiseko xa Fortniteiiseva zazinziwayo.

Ukulumkeka kuyimfuneko xa uguqulela la manani. Nangona kunjalo, banikezela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lwezinto eziphilayo malunga neendlela abadlali abanokujamelana ngayo nexesha "lokunyanzela ukunyanzelisa." Ezi ngongoma zingabandakanyeka kwiingxoxo eziqhubekayo malunga nokuqinisekiswa kwe "ukuhoxiswa" okanye "ukukhanga" xa kusetshenziselwa ukubandakanyeka kwengxaki kwividiyo yokudlala (Starcevic, 2016). Ngokukodwa, Fortnite Iipateni zokusetyenziswa kwezentlekiso zoonografi zixubusha uphando lwangoku (IKaptsis, uKumkani, iDelfabbro, kunye neGradisar, 2016; Kumkani, Kaptsis, Delfabbro, & Gradisar, 2016), Ukucebisa ukuba abanye abadlali badlala ngokujongana neempawu ezibandezelayo (ezinje ngezo zichukunyiswa lixesha "lokunyanzelwa ukuba uyeke") ngokusebenzisa isicwangciso-qhinga sembuyekezo, okt ukufuna eminye imisebenzi enxulumene nomdlalo abawuthandayo.

Imisebenzi efana nokuphanda ulwazi malunga nemidlalo yevidiyo kwiiforamu okanye ukubukela iividiyo zemidlalo kuyo YouTube ziye zachazwa njengendlela yokuziphatha kwembuyekezo. Kwimeko yangoku, iinkcukacha ezipapashwe nguSobhubhu zibonisa ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezihlawulelwayo: ukusetyenziswa Fortniteeziphathekayo eziphathekayo. Enyanisweni, xa sicinga i-Porn ngekota Fortnite, umntu unokufumana ama-parodies apho abadlali benza izigcawu zesondo ezigqoke Fortnite abalinganiswa, izibini ezithandana ngesondo xa zidlala Fortnite, okanye Fortnite-i-hentai (anime) iividiyo. Ukunikezelwa kokutshatyalaliswa kwangoko kwimiba yesibini yokudlala kunye nokukhubazeka kokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwi-World Health Organisation (2018) I-ICD-11, uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ukuqonda ukusebenzisana phakathi kokudlala kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi kumanqanaba anengxaki nangengxaki. Ukongezelela, ubukhulu "obunyanzelekile ukuziyeka" kunokukhuthaza ukutshintshwa kweendlela zokuziphatha ezinengxaki, kunye neendlela eziza kwenzeka ngayo, ziqinisekisa ukuba uphando.

I-intanethi ye-intanethi yokuxhatshazwa kweentlalo kunye nokudandatheka: Iziphumo ezivela kwisikolo esiphezulu sabantu abafundayo abaseTshayina (2018)

TUkufundwa kwakhe kubonakalise umbutho we-bidirectional phakathi kwe-OSNA kunye nokudandatheka phakathi kwabaselula, oku kuthetha ukuba ukudakumba kubangela kakhulu ukuphuhliswa kwe-OSNA, kwaye ke, abantu abadandathekileyo baneempembelelo ezingaphezulu kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo ekusebenziseni uxhulo lwe-intanethi kwi-intanethi. Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwexesha elide kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuqwalasela kunye nexesha elifutshane livumelekile ukuba kuqinisekiswe ngakumbi ukufunyaniswa kwesi sifundo.

Ngaba iMidlalo yeVideo yendlela yokuGembula? Isifundo esiphezulu esisekelwe kwisiNgesi saseNorway Sample (2018)

Isifundo esikhoyo siphonononge ukubakho kobudlelwane obukhokelayo phakathi kwamanyathelo engxaki yokudlala kunye nengxaki yokungcakaza, ngelixa kulawulwa nefuthe lesini kunye nobudala. Ngokuchasene nophando oluninzi lwangaphambili olusekwe kuyilo olunqamlezileyo kunye neesampulu ezingamelaniyo, isifundo esikhoyo sisebenzise uyilo olude olwenziwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 (2013, 2015) kwaye kubandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-4601 (abesilisa abangama-47.2%, iminyaka yobudala eyi-16-74 ) ethathwe kwisampulu engahleliwe kubemi ngokubanzi.

Imidlalo yokungcakaza yevidiyo kunye nokungcakaza kwavavanywa kusetyenziswa umGangatho wokuDibanisa iziThuthi kwaBafikisayo nakwIngxaki yokuNgcakaza kweCanada. Sebenzisa imodeli yokulinganisa yolwakhiwo e-voloregression safumana ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwamanqaku kumdlalo onzima kwaye emva koko sibonelela ngcakazo engxaki, kodwa asifumananga ubungqina bobudlelwane obuchaseneyo. Ngenxa yoko, iingxaki zokudlala zevidiyo zibonakalisa ukuba ziphatha indlela yokuziphatha yokungcakaza. Kwixesha elizayo uphando, umntu kufuneka aqhubeke nokubeka esweni iimpembelelo zokuziphatha ngokukhawuleza phakathi kokugembula kunye nokudlala kwevidiyo.

Ubungqina bokuba yi-Bidirectional phakathi kwe-intanethi kunye nokudandatheka okubonakalayo phakathi kwabantwana baseTshayina (2018)

Injongo yesifundo kukuphanda (a) ingaba imeko yoxinzelelo yolu vavanyo ihlolwe ngokusisigxina kwimeko entsha ye-intanethi ye-intanethi (IA) kwi-12-inyanga yokulandelelana kunye (b) nokuba imeko ye-IA ihlolwe kwisiseko esilandelayo esilandelayo esichazwe ukuxinezeleka okubonakalayo ekulandeleni.

Siqhube isifundo seqela leenyanga ezili-12 (n = 8,286) phakathi kwabafundi besekondari baseHong Kong, kwaye safumana iisampulu ezimbini. Isampulu yokuqala (n = 6,954) ibandakanya abafundi ababengengabo i-IA kwisiseko, besebenzisa i-Chen Internet Addiction Scale (≤63), kwaye enye ibandakanya amatyala angaxinezelekanga kwisiseko (n = 3,589), kusetyenziswa iZiko leZifundo ze-Epidemiological Inqanaba loxinzelelo (<16).

Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba IA inokuthi ixinzeleleke ingxaki yokuxineka kunye nokuphambene nalabo abakhululekile kwisiphumo esichaziweyo kwisiseko. Nangona sifumana iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zokuqikelela, ukucwangciswa kophando akukwazi ukuseka iziganeko. Ngaphandle kweempembelelo zempawu zokudandatheka kwi-IA ekulandelelweni, iimpawu ezidandathelisayo ekulandelelweni, okanye iimpawu eziphuhlisiwe ngexesha lamanqaku amabini, zingasichaphazela i-IA ekulandeleni; IA nqanaba ekulandelelweni ingachaphazela ngokufanayo ukudandatheka ekulandeleni.

Inkxaso yethu yedatha yinkcazo yokuba iAA kunye neempawu zokudandatheka zibangelwa ziphumo kunye nemiphumo yomnye nomnye. Ingxabano malunga neengxaki zifuna ezinye izifundo ezide. Nangona kunjalo, izakhono ezisebenzayo zokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ezilawulwayo kufuneka zifakwe kwiinkqubo ezijoliswe kubaselula ababonisa iimpawu ezixinzeleleyo kunye neempawu ze-IA. Iinkqubo zokuthintela i-IA kufuneka zinciphise iimvakalelo ezingekho phantsi kwazo. Abasebenzi bezempilo kufuneka bahlakulele ulwazi olutsha kunye nezixhobo zobuchule. Uphando lwongenelelo lophando kunye neenkqubo ezixubushayo zombini iAA kunye neengxaki zokudandatheka zivumelekile.

Iziganeko eziphezulu zokuxinezeleka okubonakalayo kukuxhalabisayo okufuneka ukuba kungenelelo, njengoko ukudakumba kunokuchaphazela ukulimala kwabantwana abaselula. Isiseko sokuqala sokudandatheka sichaze i-I ekulandelelweni kunye nakwezinye izinto, phakathi kwalabo babenakho ukhululo lwe-IA / ukudandatheka okubonakalayo kwinqanaba lokuqala. Abasebenzi bezeMpilo, ootitshala kunye nabazali kufuneka baqaphele ukufunyaniswa kwezi zididirectional. Amanyathelo okungenelela, kokubili i-IA kunye nokuthintela uxinzelelo, ngoko kufuneka kuthathe ingqalelo kwiingxaki zombini.

Ingqondo ephilileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kwi-Intanethi (i-2018)

Eli nqaku lenzelwe kwaye livavanya inkqubo yokungenelela ekukhuseleni ukuziphatha okujoliswe ekuziphatheni kolutsha oluneengxaki zokusebenzisa i-intanethi (PIU). Inkqubo yiNkqubo yokuLungulwa kweeNkcazo-Intsebenziswano ye-Intanethi yolutsha (i-PIP-IU-Y). Indlela yokwelapha inokwakheka kwengqondo yamkelwe. Inani elipheleleyo labafundi beesibini ze-45 ezivela kwizikolo ezine zizalise inkqubo yongenelelo eqhutywe kwifomathi yeqela ngabacebisi besikolweni ababhalisiweyo.

Iisethi ezintathu zeenkcukacha ezizimeleyo kwi-Problematic Use Use Questionnaire (PIUQ), i-Social Interaction Ukuxilisa Isilinganiselo (SIAS), kunye nokuxinezeleka Ukuxinezeleka koxinzelelo (DASS) kuqokelelwe kwiindawo ezintathu: I1 iveki phambi kokungenelela, emva kokungenelela kokugqibela iseshoni, kunye ne-1 inyanga emva kokungenelela. PIziphumo zokuvavanywa kwe-t zibonisa ukuba le nkqubo yayiphumelele ekukhuseleni ukuqhubela phambili okungalunganga kwiinkalo ezinzulu kakhulu zokuxilwa kwe-Inthanethi, nokunciphisa uxhalaba kunye nokuxinwa kunye nokusebenzisana kwezibambi. Impembelelo yabonakala ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kwiseshoni yokungenelela kwaye yagcinwa ngenyanga ye-1 emva kokungenelela.

Olu phofu luphakathi kweyokuqala ukuphuhlisa nokuvavanya inkqubo yongenelelo yolutsha olunePIU. Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yethu ekukhuseleni ukunyuswa kokunyuka kwe-PIU kunye neempawu zayo kubasebenzisi abanengxaki kuye kwasenza senze ukuba iprogram iya kubathintela abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo ukuba bavelise iimpawu ezinzulu.

Ukuvavanya ubudlelwane obude phakathi kwe-intanethi kunye nokuhlala kakuhle e-Hong Kong i-Adolescents: Uhlalutyo oluphambeneyo oluxhomekeke kwii-Wave Data (2018)

Izinto ezifunyenweyo zixhasa inkxaso-ntsipheko enobungozi bomntu ngamnye kwiminyaka eselula iyona mphumo kunokuba ibangele ukuziphatha kakubi kwe-Intanethi. Ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokuthintela ukuzibulala kwabaselula, izicwangciso ezikunceda ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okuxhatshazelisayo ezihlobene ne-intanethi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.

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Ininzi yezifundo zangaphambili malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwe-intanethi kunye nentlalo-ntle yabantu abaselula baye basekelwe kwi-design-sectional design. Ngaloo ndlela, ulwazi olude oluvela kwisampuli esimeleyo luyimfuneko kubaphandi ukuba baqonde ukuba impilo enobungozi yingozi yobutsha bentanethi okanye umphumo wayo. Uphononongo lwangoku lusetyenziswa ngokuhlolisisa ubudlelwane obude phakathi kwe-intanethi kunye nezibonakaliso ezimbini zokuphila kakuhle, ukwanelisa ubomi kunye nokungathembeki, kwisampula enkulu yama-Hong Kong asetsheni.

Ngokusekelwe kwisakhiwo sephaneli esineziqendu ezintathu, iiphumo zixhasa imodeli ye-causal eguqulwayo njengokuba ukutshayelwa kwe-intanethi kubangele ukunciphisa ubunzima bomntu emva kokuba isimo esisezantsi kunye nemiphumo yesini, iminyaka yobudala kunye nezoqoqosho zentsapho zilawulwa. Imodeli yokulungelelanisa eyayixhomekeke kwimpembelelo yempembelelo ayizange ixhaswe. Ezi ziphumo zibonelela ulwazi olutsha kwiinkalo zobudlelwane phakathi kokuziphatha kwe-intanethi nokuziphatha kakuhle kwentlalo. Ngokuphambene nokufundiswa kwecandelo, ukusetyenziswa koyilo lwepaneli kunye nendlela yokwenza i-equation modeling yindlela echanekileyo yokuhlolisisa imiba ye-causality and acciprocity.

Ingxaki yokuxhaswa kunye neNkcazo yeMidiya yangaphambili: Izimpawu ze-neurobe behavioral mimiting disorder disorder (2018)

Izifundo ezininzi zixele uninzi lweziphumo ezibi zokusetyenziswa kwabantwana kwimithombo yeendaba. Ezi ziphumo zibandakanya ukunciphisa ukukhula kwengqondo kunye noxinzelelo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqwalaselo. Nangona kucetyisiwe ukuba umntwana agcinwe kude kwimithombo yeendaba ngexesha lokukhula kwasekuqaleni, uninzi lwabazali banamhlanje basebenzisa imithombo yeendaba njengendlela yokuzola abantwana babo. Ngenxa yoko, aba bantwana abanalo ithuba lokwenza izihlomelo ezikhethiweyo ngokunciphisa ukuzibandakanya kwezentlalo. Iimpawu zabantwana ngamanye amaxesha zilinganisa i-autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa izifundo ezivavanye iimpawu zokukhula kwabantwana ngokuchazwa kwangoko kwimithombo yeendaba.

Apha, sibonisa inkwenkwe ebonakalayo kumabonakude ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwakhe kwasekuqaleni oye wafumanisa ukuba unesifo sokunxulumanisa. Wayengenakukwazi ukuthintana kwamehlo kwaye wayenobungozi kwaye wayelibazise ukuphuhliswa kolwimi, njengabantwana abane-ASD. Izimpawu zakhe zaphucuka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuthintela ekusebenziseni zonke iindaba kunye nokukhuthazwa ukudlala ngezinye iindlela. Emva kwonyango, wayeya kujongana naye, kwaye uthetha ngokudlala nabazali babo. Ukugwema nje imidiya kunye nokudlala nabanye kungatshintsha ukuziphatha komntwana onempawu ezifana ne-ASD. Kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu ezibangelwa yintlupheko yokunamathisela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweendaba.

Iveki ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-Media Media: Iziphumo ezivela kwiSicwangciso seNkqubela yokuPhucula iNkqubela yeeNkqubo esebenzisa ii-Smartphones (2018)

Uphando oluninzi luqhutyelwe kwindlela kunye nangendlela esisebenzisa ngayo amajelo asekuhlaleni, kodwa into encinci iyaziwa ngempembelelo yokuzilahla kwezentlalo. Ngako oko, senze i-ecological intervention intervention intervention using the smartphones. Abathathi-nxaxheba baxelelwe ukuba bangasebenzisi i-media yoluntu kwiintsuku ze-7 (iintsuku ze-4 zisezantsi, ukungenelela kweentsuku ze-7, kunye neentsuku ze-4 emva kwenguqu ye-postinter; N = 152). Sihlolisise ukuphazamiseka (okulungileyo kunye nokungalunganga), ukuxhalaba, nokukhanga kathathu ngosuku (isampula-sampling time), kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha lokusetyenziswa kwezentlalo, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha, kunye noxinzelelo loluntu ukuba kube kwiindaba zoluntu ekupheleni kosuku ngalunye (7,000 + vavanyo olulodwa).

Sifumene iimpawu zokurhoxisa, ezifana nokuphakamisa ukuthanda (β = 0.10) kunye nokunyameka (β = 0.12), kunye nokunciphisa okulungileyo kunye nokungalunganga okuchaphazelayo (okuchazwe ngokucacileyo). Uxinzelelo loluntu ukuba lube kwi-media media luye lwaphakanyiswa ngexesha lokuzilahla kwezentlalo (β = 0.19) kunye nenani elikhulu labathathi-nxaxheba (i-59 ekhulwini) lahla kwakhona ubuncinci kanye ngexesha lokungenelela isigaba. Asinakufumana nayiphi na impembelelo embi emva kokuphela kokungenelela. Tukudibana kunye, ukuthetha ngokubambisana kwi-intanethi yoluntu kubonakala ukuba yingxenye ebomini yobomi bemihla ngemihla ehamba ngaphandle kwayo ibangela izibonakaliso zokurhoxisa (ukuthanda, ukukhwabanisa), ukubuyela kwakhona kunye noxinzelelo lwentlalo ukubuyela kwimicimbi yoluntu.

Akukho ngakumbi i-FOMO: Ukunciphisa iMidiya yeNtlalo kunciphisa uxhala noxinzelelo (2018)

Isingeniso: Ngenxa yobubanzi bezophando lwe-correlational ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwejelo loluntu kwiindawo ezizimeleyo, senze isifundo sokuhlola ukuphonononga indima ebangela ukuba inxaxheba yoluntu kuluntu kulwalamano.

Indlela: Emva kweveki yokujonga esiseko, i-143 izifundo zakudala kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania zaye zabelwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba zinciphise i-Facebook, i-Instagram kunye ne-Snapchat isebenzisa imizuzu ye-10, ngeqonga ngalinye, ngemini, okanye ukusebenzisa i-media media njengesiqhelo kwiiveki ezintathu.

iziphumo: Iqela elisebenzisayo elisebenzisayo libonisa ukunciphisa okukhulu kwedwa kunye nokudakumba kwiiveki ezintathu ziqhathaniswa neqela lolawulo. La mabini maqela abonisa ukunciphisa okukhulu kwixhala kunye noloyiko lokulahleka ngaphandle kwesiseko, okubonisa ukuba inzuzo yokunyamekela ukunyamekela.

Ingxoxo: Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweendaba zoluntu kwiimitha ezili-30 ngemini kunokukhokelela ekuphuculeni okubonakalayo kwimpilo

Inqaku eliqingqiweyo malunga nale sifundo.

I-Transcranial yokuvuselela ngoku ngokufanelekileyo kwi-gamers ye-intanethi: Uvavanyo olunokuthi lusetyenziswe lunye lusetyenziso lwezakhono (2018)

Iiveki ezine zonyango zaphumela ekunciphiseni i-video-gaming, ukuzithiba ukuzithiba, ukunyuka kobunzima bexilongo, kunye nokutshintsha kwi-cortex ye-preforalal (i-correx ye-prefrontal, ebonisa ukuzithiba, ichaphazeleka kakubi kuzo zonke izilingo);

Ukusetyenziswa ngokweqile kwimidlalo ye-intanethi kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwansuku zonke. Nangona imiphumo ye-transcranial ngokukhawuleza ngokuvuselela (tDCS) iye yaphandwa malunga nokunyangwa komlingo, ayizange ihlolwe ngokusetyenziswa kwemidlalo eninzi ngokwemidlalo. Olu pho nonongo lujolise ekuphandeni ubuchule kunye nokunyamezela kwe-TDCS phezu kwe-cortex ye-quartersal prefrontal (DLPFC) kwi-gamers online.

Itotali ye-15 yabadlali be-Intanethi abafumene iiseshoni ze-12 ze-tDCS ngaphezulu kwe-DLPFC (i-anodal ekhohlo / cathodal ekunene, 2 mA ye-30 min, amaxesha ama-3 ngeveki iiveki ezi-4). Ngaphambi nasemva kweeseshoni ze-tDCS, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba benziwa ¹⁸I-F- floro-2-deoxyglucose positron ukukhishwa kwenkqubo ye-tomography kwaye igqiba i-Internet Addiction Test (IAT), i-Short-Control Self Scale (BSCS), kunye ne-Beck Depress-Inventory-II (BDI-II).

Emva kweeseshoni ze-tDCS, iiyure zeveki ezichithwe kwimidlalo kunye namanqaku e-IAT kunye ne-BDI-II ancitshisiwe, ngelixa amanqaku eBSCS andisiwe. Ukonyuka kokuzilawula kunxulunyaniswa nokwehla kokubukhali kokubakho kweziyobisi kunye nexesha elichithwe kwimidlalo. Ngaphaya koko, i-asymmetry yasekunene-enkulu kune-yasekhohlo ye-asymmetry yengingqi ye-glucose metabolism kwi-DLPFC yancitshiswa ngokuyinxenye.

Uphononongo oluphambene noMgaqo woPhuhliso lweMidlalo yeVidiyo, ukuKhathazeka, kunye neMpilo yengqondo (i-2018)

iziphumo: Iziphumo kwizifundo ze-1 zibonise ukuba ukudandatheka kunye nokulondeka kwakunxulumene ngokutsha ngokudlala. Ubundlobongela obubonakalayo lubonakaliswe njengento echaseneyo, kunye nokuxhalabangela kwaba ngumphumo wokudlala. Uphando lweentlobo ezintathu ze-gamers (ukufunda i-2) ichongiwe yedwa kunye nobudlova ngokomzimba njengento echaseneyo, kunye nokudakumba ngenxa yongoma zonke izinto. Ukudandatheka kuye kwafunyanwa kukuchasene neengxaki kunye nabadlali abathintekayo. Ukuxiliswa kwafunyanwa ngenxa yeengxaki zokudlala, kunye nokuxhalaba kwaba ngumphumo wegaders ezinomlutha. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kwafunyaniswa ngokugqithiseleyo kumagqabi anomlutha, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kotywala okuphantsi kwafunyaniswa ngokugqithiseleyo kumdlalo wabadlali beengxaki. Ukuzinza kokuqikelelwa kwezilwanyana kumdlalo we-35%.

Isiphelo: Ubuhlobo obuhle phakathi kwezemidlalo kunye neengxaki zempilo yengqondo kubonakala ngathi zikhona. Ukuzinza kwemidlalo yezilwanyana eziluthayo kubonisa imeko yokuba inani elikhulu labantu alisombululi ngokukhawuleza kwixesha le-2 iminyaka.

Ukuzilahla okufutshane kwiisayithi zokunxibelelana kwezentanethi kunciphisa uxinzelelo olubonakalayo, ingakumbi kubasebenzisi abasebenzisayo (2018)

Iimbalasane

• Ukuziyeka nokuxinezeleka kubalulekile kwiikliniki kwiziganeko zokusetyenziswa kwetheknoloji ngokweqile.
• Sifunda imiphumo yeentsuku eziliqela zokuziyeka ekuhlaleni ukuxinezeleka.
• Saqeshisa isithuba sokuqala (t1) -post (t2), ityala (ukungabikho) -ukulawula (ukungabikho kokuzibamba).
• Ukuzilahla kweveki enye kubangela ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kuninzi kakhulu kubasebenzisi abanzi.

Iindawo zokunxibelelana nabantu kwi-Intanethi (ii-SNSs), ezinje nge-Facebook, zibonelela ngezixhobo ezikhuthazayo nezikhuthazayo (umz., "Ukuthanda") ukuhanjiswa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, abanye abasebenzisi be-SNS babonakalisa okugabadeleyo, ekuziphatheni okungalunganga kwezi ziqonga. Abasebenzisi abagqithisileyo be-SNS, kunye nabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo ngokufanayo, bahlala bekwazi ukusetyenziswa kwabo okukhulu kunye nokuxhomekeka kwengqondo kwezi ndawo, ezinokukhokelela kuxinzelelo oluphakamileyo. Ngapha koko, uphando lubonakalisile ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwee-SNSs kuphela kukonyusa uxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Olunye uphando sele luqalisile ukwenza uphando ngeziphumo zexesha elifutshane lokuyekiswa kwe-SNS, ukuveza iziphumo ezinenzuzo kwimpilo esezantsi. Silungelelanise le migca mibini yophando kwaye saqonda ukuba ixesha elincinci lokungayeki ukusebenza kwe-SNS kuya kubangela ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olubonwayo, ngakumbi kubasebenzisi kakhulu. Iziphumo zaqinisekisa i-hypothesis yethu kwaye yaveza ukuba bobabini abasebenzisi be-SNS abaqhelekileyo nabanolwazi oluphangaleleyo bafumana ukuncipha koxinzelelo olubonakalayo emva kokuyekiswa kweentsuku ezininzi. Iziphumo zachazwa ngakumbi kubasebenzisi abaninzi be-SNS. Ukuncitshiswa koxinzelelo bekungadibananga nokunyuka kokusebenza kwezifundo. Ezi ziphumo zibonakalisa isibonelelo-ubuncinci-okwethutyana-sokuyeka ukusebenza kwii-SNS kwaye sinika ulwazi olubalulekileyo kunyango lonyango olunceda abaguli abanengxaki yokusebenzisa kakhulu i-SNS.

Iintlangano zeBidirectional Phakathi kweNgxaki yokuGembula ngokuziThumela kunye neNkcazo yokuKhathazeka kwabantu abadala Ukungaxhatshazi kakuhle kweengxaki: Ubungqina obuvela kwiSample of Young Swiss Men (2018)

imvelaphi: Ukukhubazeka kweGam (i-GD) iboniswe ukuba ihlangane kunye neengxaki zokungaxhatshazwa kwempilo (ADHD), kodwa izifundo ezimbalwa ukuya kutsho ziphandle iinkampani zabo ezide.

Indlela: Isampuli ziquka ii-5,067 amadoda amantombazana aseSwitzerland (iminyaka engama-age ubudala yayiminyaka eyi-20 kumswakama 1 kunye ne-25 iminyaka emsakazweni 3). Amanyathelo ayenomdlalo wokuLungiswa kweMidlalo kunye ne-ADHD yokuBika ingxelo yokuZigcina (i-6-item screener). Imibutho ye-Longitudinal yahlolwa ngokusetyenziswa kweemodeli ezithintekayo eziphambene nemigangatho ye-binary of GD ne-ADHD, kunye namanyathelo aqhubekekayo kumgangatho we-GD kunye nee-ADHD zokungabikho kokungahambi kunye nokunyanzeliswa.

Ingxoxo: I-GD inezinkampani ezide zengxowankulu kunye ne-ADHD, kwi-ADHD yandise umngcipheko we-GD no-GD ukwandisa umngcipheko we-ADHD, kwaye zinokuqinisana. Le mibutho inokudibaniswa ngakumbi kwi-ADHD engenakulinganiswa kunokuba i-ADHD icandelo lokuxhatshazwa. Abantu abane-ADHD okanye i-GD kufuneka bahlolwe esinye isifo, kwaye amanyathelo okukhusela i-GD kufuneka ahlolwe ngabantu abane-ADHD.

I-Cue-elicited-desire-related relation-lentiform activation ngexesha lokunyulwa kwezemidlalo kunxulumene nokuvela kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi (2019)

Amazwana: Isifundo se-longitudinal yayiyi-23 yesiqhelo yomdlalo weqonga odibana neekhrayitheriya zokulutha iziyobisi kunyaka olandelayo. Ezi 23 zazithelekiswa ne-23 iziyobisi zemidlalo- kwaye zatshatisa iziyobisi kwimisebenzi yobuchopho enxulumene nomkhondo.

Ingxaki yokudlala i-intanethi (IGD) idibene nemilinganiselo yempilo engalunganga. Nangona kunjalo, into encinci iyaziwa malunga neendlela zobuchopho okanye izinto ezinokuqonda ezinokuqikelela ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kumdlalo we-GG (IGG). Olu lwazi lunokunceda ukuchonga abantu abachaphazelekayo kwi-IGD kwaye bancedisa imizamo yokukhusela. Abantu abangamakhulu amane anesithoba kunye no-RGU bafundwa xa beqhuba umsebenzi wokufuna umdlalo phambi kokudlala kwaye emva kokudlala ngokukhawuleza kwaphela. Ngomnye umva kamva, i-23 yafunyanwa ukuba iqhube i-IGD (RGU_IGD). Sithelekisa idatha yasekuqaleni kulezi zifundo ze-23 RGU_IGD kunye nezifundo ze-23 ezifanayo ezihambelana neenqobo zeRGU (RGU_RGU). I-RGU_IGD kunye nezifundo ze-RGU_RGU zibonise ukufana nomsebenzi wokufuna umdlalo phambi kokudlala.

Ukudibana kweqela nexesha nexesha kwachonga inwebu yangaphakathi yeltiform. Uhlalutyo lwe-hoc lubonisa ukusebenzisana okunxulumana nokunyusa ukusebenza kwizifundo ze-RGU_IGD emva komdlalo. Ukubambisana okuphawulekayo kwakuboniswa phakathi kwezinto ezizichazayo kunye nokusebenza kwe-lentiform kwizifundo ze-RGU_IGD. Phakathi kwabantu abane-RGU, ukusebenziselwa kwe-lentiform eyenziwa nge-gaming-cue emva kweshoni yokudlala kungacacisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-IGD. Izinto ezifunyanisiweyo zibonisa indlela yokwenza i-IGD ekhulayo ye-IGD enokukunceda ukunceda ukungenelela kokuthintela.

Iimpawu zempendulo zeBongo ngexesha lokuphoqeleka ukunyanzeliswa kunokuqikelela ukubuyiswa kokulandelelana kwimiba yokudlala ye-intanethi: Uvavanyo olude (2019)

Nangona ukuphazamiseka kwemidlalo ye-intanethi (IGD) kunxulunyaniswa nemilinganiselo yempilo engentle, abantu banokuphola ngaphandle kongenelelo lobuchwephesha. Ukujonga iimpawu ze-neural ezinxulumene nokuvuselelwa kwendalo kunokubonelela ngokuqonda malunga nendlela efanelekileyo yokuphucula impilo kubantu abane-IGD. Izifundo ezingamashumi asixhenxe anesithoba ze-IGD zajongwa xa zazisenza imisebenzi yokufuna ikamva ngaphambi nasemva kokuba umdlalo waphazamiseka ngekhefu. Emva konyaka omnye, abantu abangama-20 abasazifezekisi iikhrayitheriya ze-IGD kwaye kwaqwalaselwa ukuba baphinde bafumana. Sithelekise iimpendulo zobuchopho kwiminqweno yokuthanda izinto eziphakathi kwezi zifundo zingama-20 zibuyiselwe kwizifundo ze-IGD kunye nezifundo ezingama-20 ezifanayo ze-IGD ezisadibana nokuhlangana ngonyaka omnye (IGD eqhubekayo).

Izifundo ezifunyenweyo ze-IGD zibonise ukwenziwa kwe-dorsolateral pre kwangaphambilial cortex (DLPFC) kunezifundo eziqhubayo ze-IGD kwimidlalo yokudlala ngexesha laphambi nasemva komdlalo. Ukudibana okukhulu kweqela nexesha kwafunyanwa kwi-DLPFC yamazwe amabini kunye nokufakwa, kwaye oku kubandakanyeka kunciphise i-DLPFC kunye nokunyusa ukufakwa kwe-insula kwiqela le-IGD eliqhubekayo ngexesha lekhefu. Ukuncipha ngokudibeneyo komsebenzi we-DLPFC kunye nokonyusa umsebenzi we-insula ekuphenduleni kwimidlalo yokudlala elandela imidlalo edlulileyo kunokubangela ukuzingisa komdlalo. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ulawulo oluphezulu kunye nokuqhubekeka kokunxibelelana kuqinisekisa ukufundwa okongeziweyo kokuqonda ukubuyiswa kwe-IGD.

Ukuxhatshazwa kweendaba ezentlalontle kunye nokungasebenzi kwezesondo phakathi kwabasetyhini base-Iranian: Inxaxheba yokungqinelana kunye noxhasano loluntu (2019)

Olu luhlolisiso lokuqala ukuphanda impembelelo yokuxhatshazwa kwezemidlalo yoluntu kwimisebenzi yezesondo zabesetyhini, ngokuqwalasela indima yokudibanisa kwenkxaso yoluntu kunye noluntu kwimibano yomtshato usebenzisa isifundo sexesha elide kwisithuba seenyanga ze-6.

Ukufundwa kweso sifundo kwenziwa apho bonke abathathi-nxaxheba (N = 938; Kuthetha iminyaka yobudala = iminyaka eyi-36.5) kugqityiwe i-Bergen yezeMithombo yezeMithombo yezeNtlalontle yokuvavanya iziyobisi kwimidiya yoluntu, iSikali soXinzelelo lwaBasetyhini abaHlaziyiweyo- ukuHlola ukuvavanya uxinzelelo lwezesondo, ubungakanani obuSondeleyo boBudlelwane ukuze kuvavanye ukusondelelana, kunye noMgangatho oManyeneyo weNkxaso yezeNtlalontle yokuvavanya ukuvavanya Ukuqonda inkxaso yoluntu.

Ukuthatha ikhefu: Impembelelo yokuthatha ikhefu kwi-Facebook ne-Instagram ngokuzinzileyo (2019) 

Isifundo sibonisa iimpawu zokuhoxiswa emva kokuyeka.

I-Sites Networking Sites (SNS) ezifana ne-Facebook kunye ne-Instagram ziye zafudula inxalenye enkulu ebantwini bentlalo kwi-intanethi, kodwa ingaba yintliziyo kwaye idale ukuphazamiseka kwezentlalo. Ngenxa yoko abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba bathathe iholide "ye-SNS." Siphononongo imiphumo yeveki enye-ntliziyo kwi-Facebook kunye ne-Instagram ngokuzinzileyo, nokuba ingaba le nto iyahluka kwi-SNS abasebenzayo. Imali yokusetyenziswa yayilinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo, isebenzisa isofthiwe ye-RescueTime, ukujongana nemiba ye-self-report. Isitayela sokusetyenziswa sachongwa kwi-pre-test, kwaye abasebenzisi be-SNS abanomsebenzi osebenzayo okanye othe xaxa wokusetyenziswa kwabo babelwa ngamanani alinganayo kwiimeko zeveki enye yeveki ye-SNS (n = 40) okanye akukho liholide leSNS (n = 38).

Intlalontle yenzeko (ulwaneliseko lobomi, ifuthe elihle, kunye nefuthe elibi) yalinganiswa ngaphambi nasemva kwexesha leholide. Kuvavanyo lwaphambi kokusetyenziswa, ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-SNS kwafunyanwa ukulungelelanisa kakuhle ngolwaneliseko lobomi kunye nokuchaphazeleka okuhle, ngelixa i-SNS engasasebenzi kakhulu idityaniswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nolwaneliseko lobomi, kodwa ayichaphazeli. Okumangalisa kukuba, emva kokuvavanywa kwithuba lokuvavanya iholide le-SNS kubangele ukuba nefuthe elincinci elichaphazelekayo kubasebenzisi abasebenzayo kwaye bengenayo imiphumo ebalulekileyo yabasebenzisi abasebenzayo. Esi siphumo sichasene nokulindela okuqhelekileyo, kwaye sibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-SNS kunokuba luncedo kubasebenzisi abasebenzayo. Sicebisa ukuba abasebenzisi be-SNS bafundiswe ngezibonelelo zesitayile esisebenzayo kwaye uphando lwexesha elizayo kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ukubakho kwesiyobisi kwi-SNS phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaninzi.

Ubudlelwane be-Bidirectional yeempawu zengqondo kunye nokulutha kwi-intanethi kwabafundi beekholeji: Isifundo esinokwenzeka (2019)

Olu fundo luza kuvavanya amandla okuqikelela kweempawu zengqondo xa uthethathethwano lokuqala lwenzekile kunye nokuxolelwa komlutha we-Intanethi ngexesha lokulandela konyaka we-1 phakathi kwabafundi basekholejini. Ngaphaya koko, yavavanya amandla okuqikelela eenguqu kwiimpawu zengqondo yokulutha kwi-Intanethi kudliwano-ndlebe lokuqala ngexesha lokulandela konyaka we-1 phakathi kwabafundi beekholeji.

Amakhulu amahlanu abafundi beekholeji (abafazi be-262 kunye namadoda angama-238) baye baqeshwa. Isiseko kunye nokubonisana okulandelwayo kulinganisa amanqanaba okulutha kwe-Intanethi kunye neempawu zengqondo kusetyenziswa i-Chen Internet Addiction Scale kunye ne-Checkmarkom yoPhononongo lweempawu-90, ngokulandelelana.

Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ukuziva ngokungahambelaniyo kunye neempawu zeparanoia inokuxela kwangaphambili imeko yeziyobisi kwi-Intanethi kwi-1-yokulandela unyaka. Abafundi beekholeji abanomlutha we-Intanethi babengenalo ukuphucuka okubonakalayo kubuthathaka bengqondo, ngelixa abo bengekho mthethweni kwi-Intanethi bebenokuphucuka okubonakalayo kokunyanzeliswa, ukuthambekeka koluntu, ubuhlakani kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo ngexesha elinye.

Isifundo sokuPhumla seLizwe fMRI yeADHD kunye neInternet Gaming Disorder (2019)

Injongo: Injongo yethu kukuqonda ukuba ingaba uNonophelo lweSpecial Hyperactivity Ingxaki (I-ADHD) kunye ne-Intanethi midlalo isiphithiphithi (IGD) yabelana ngokudibeneyo kwengqondo esebenzayo (FC) phakathi kobungqangi kunye neenkqutyana.

Indlela: Sithelekise utshintsho kwiimpawu zeklinikhi kunye nomsebenzi wengqondo usebenzisa i-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) kwizigulana ze-26 ezine-ADHD kodwa ngaphandle kwe-IGD, izigulana ze-29 ezine-ADHD kunye ne-IGD, kunye nezigulana ze-20 ezine-IGD kodwa ngaphandle kwe-ADHD.

iziphumo: Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo (FC) ukusuka kwi-cortex ukuya kwi-subcortex kuwo omabini amaqela kuncitshisiwe kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba abasempilweni ngokweminyaka. Unyango lonyaka omnye we-ADHD kunye neempawu ze-IGD yonyuse i-FC phakathi kwe-cortex kunye ne-subcortex kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba be-ADHD kunye nabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba be-IGD abanenkqubela phambili elungileyo xa kuthelekiswa nabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba be-ADHD kunye nabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba be-IGD abanezigqibo ezibi.

Isiphelo: Izigulana ezine-ADHD kunye ne-IGD zabelana ngengqondo efanayo kwi-FC kwisiseko kunye nakwiinguqu ze-FC ekuphenduleni kunyango.

Iinguqu ezisebenzayo ze-neural kunye notshintsho oludityanisiweyo lwe-cortical-subcortical unxibelelwano kunye nokubuyiswa kokuphazamiseka kwimidlalo ye-Intanethi (ka-2019)

Ukuyeka utshintsho olunxulumene nengqondo. Iicaphuno:

Nangona izifundo zicebisile ukuba abantu abanengxaki yokudlala kwi-Intanethi (IGD) banokuba nakho ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, ubume bobuhlobo abucaci ukuba ulwazi lufumaneka kwizifundo ezinomnqamlezo.

Abantu abathile abane-IGD esebenzayo (n = 154) kwaye abo bantu abasenazo iindlela zokuhlangabezana (n = 29) emva konyaka o-1 kuvavanywe ixesha elide kusetyenziswa ukusebenza kwemagneti yokujonga amandla ngexesha lokusebenza kwemisebenzi yokulangazelela. Iimpendulo ezizimeleyo kunye ne-neural correlates zahluke ekuqaleni kokufunda kunye nonyaka we-1.

Izifundo 'zokulangazelela iimpendulo kwimidlalo yokudlala zinciphile kakhulu kunyaka we-1 xa kuthelekiswa nesiqalo sokufunda. Ukuhla kweempendulo zengqondo kwi-cortex ye-anterior (ACC) kunye ne-lentiform nucleus yaqwalaselwa kunyaka we-1 xa kuthelekiswa nokuqala. Unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo oluqwalaselweyo phakathi kweenguqu kwimisebenzi yobuchopho kwi-lentiform nucleus kunye notshintsho kwiminqweno yokuzixela. Uhlalutyo lwe-modus ye-causal yokumodareyitha ibonise ukwanda kokunxibelelana kwe-ACC-lentiform kunyaka we-1 xa kuthelekiswa nokuqala kokufunda.

Emva kokufumana kwakhona kwi-IGD, abantu babonakala bengahoyanga kwimidlalo yokudlala. Oku kuphumla kunokubandakanya ukwanda kolawulo olunxulumene ne-ACC kwiminqweno enxulumene ne-lentiform kulawulo lokukhanuka. Ubungakanani bokuthi ulawulo lwe-cortical overcortical motivation lujolise ngakumbi kunyango lwe-IGD kufuneka luhlolisiswe ngakumbi.

Dorsal striatal functional changes changes in Internet Imidlalo yokuphazamiseka: Ufundo olucingelwayo lwe-magnetic resonance imaging (2019)

Ingxaki yokudlala kwi-Intanethi (IGD) kukuziphatha okubandakanya ukusetyenziswa okuthe gabalala kweekhompyuter kumdlalo ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi yengqondo. Ukudlala okungavinjelwanga kumdlalo we-intanethi kungakhokelela kwiinguqu kwimisebenzi yesondo kunye nolwalamano phakathi kwe-striatum kunye neminye imimandla yecortical. Olu phononongo luphonononge ubuqili kunye nokusebenza okubandakanyekileyo okubandakanya ukubethelwa kovavanyo lokulandela ngemibono ye-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Amadoda alishumi elinesibhozo angamadoda ane-IGD (kuthetha iminyaka yobudala: iminyaka engama-23.8 ± eyi-2.0) kunye nolawulo lwe-18 (kuthetha ubudala: 23.9: ± iminyaka engama-2.7) yavavanywa.

Izifundo ziphinde zaqwalaselwa kwakhona unyaka after1 emva kotyelelo lokuqala (kuthetha ukulandelela ixesha: 22.8 ± izinyanga eziyi-6.7), Sebenzisa i-voxel-based morphometry kunye ne-rest-based-state rest-function function connectivity (FC) yokuphononongwa kwimimandla yembewu yedorsal kunye ne-ventral striatum. Izifundo ezine-IGD zazinomthamo omncinci ompunga we-grey (GMV) kwi-cortex ye-anterior / ephakathi ethekisanayo xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo ngexesha lokuvavanywa kokulandela nolandelelo. Babonisa ukwehla kwe-FC phakathi kwe-dorsal putamen yasekhohlo kunye ne-cortex yangaphambili yangaphambili (mPFC) xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo. Babonisa ukonyuka kwamandla e-FC phakathi kwe-dorsal putamen elungileyo kunye ne-occipital gyrus eyiyo (MOG) ngexesha lokulandela.

Izihloko ezine-IGD zibonise unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kwenguqu ekwi-dorsal putamen-MOG FC kunye nexesha lokudlala ngosuku. Amadoda aselula ane-IGD abonise iphethini eguqulweyo ye-FC kwisigcini senkqantosi ngexesha lokulandela. I-FC ye-dorsal striatum kwi-IGD yanda kwi-mPFC kwaye yehla kwi-MOG. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-IGD yayihamba kunye nokuthothisa ulawulo lwangaphambili kunye nokomelezwa kwenethiwekhi ye-sensorimotor, iphakamisa ukuba ukungadlali okungalawulwayo kunokunxulumana notshintsho lwe-neural olusebenzayo kwi-dorsal striatum.

Ubudlelwane obubuyayo phakathi koxinzelelo kunye nokudakumba kwemidlalo kwi-Intanethi ebantwaneni: Ukulandelwa kwe-iCURE kweenyanga ezili-12 kuhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kusetyenziswa indlela ehlalutyo yomgudu (ka-2019)

Iiphaneli zophando zolu phando bezibandakanya abafundi abangama-366 bezikolo zamabanga aphantsi kwisifundo se-ICURE. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba yayingabasebenzisi be-Intanethi, kungoku nje banokuthathwa njengabantu abasemngciphekweni kwi-IGD. Ubunzulu bobuchwephesha beempawu ze-IGD kunye nenqanaba loxinzelelo zavavanywa yi-Intanethi Game Use-Elicited Syndrome yescreen kunye neLuhlu loDiniso lwaBantwana, ngokulandelanayo. Uvavanyo lokulandelela kwagqitywa emva kweenyanga ezili-12. Silungelelanise imodeli yokulinganisa yolungelelwaniso oluhlangene nolugqibeleleyo ukuze siphande unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini eziguquguqukayo kumanqaku amabini ngexesha

Uhlalutyo oluqhotyoshelweyo lutyhile ukuba inqanaba loxinzelelo kwisiseko lubone kakhulu ubukhali beempawu ze-IGD kulandele inyanga-12 (β = 0.15, p = .003). Ubungqongqo beempawu ze-IGD kwisiseko kwakhona saxela kwangaphambili inqanaba loxinzelelo kwinyanga eyi-12 yokulandela (β = 0.11, p = .018), ukulawula iimeko ezinokubangela ukudideka.

Ukurhoxiswa kweempawu phakathi kweAmerican Collegiate Internet Gamers (2020)

Siphonononge iipatheni zokudlala kunye neempawu zokurhoxisa zabalingisi be-Intanethi abayi-144 baseMelika. Iziphumo zethu zibonise ukuba i-Intanethi ye-Display Scale Scale (IGDS) yamanqaku adibene kakuhle neempawu zokurhoxa. Iimpawu ezili-10 zokugqibela zokurhoxisa ibizizo ukuthanda umdlalo, ukungakhathali, ukulala ngokwaneleyo, ukutya ngakumbi, ukungonwabi, umsindo, unxunguphalo, uxinzelelo, ukugxila, kwaye andisa ukuphupha. Kuphela yi-27.1% yabadlali beGerman abangakhange babongoze naziphi na iimpawu zokurhoxa.

I-MANOVA ityhile umahluko obonakalayo kwi-IGDS kunye neempawu zokurhoxa phakathi kwabadlali abathanda umdlalo wedwa, nabanye abantu, nabanye abantu kwi-Intanethi, okanye nabanye emntwini nakwi-Intanethi. Ngokukodwa, amanqaku e-IGDS ayephezulu phakathi kwabadlali ababekhetha umdlalo nabanye kwi-intanethi ngokuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela. Iimpawu zokurhoxa azikhange zibe ncalucalulo phakathi kwamaqela. Okokugqibela, abadlali abaninzi babonisa ukuba ukuba imidlalo ye-intanethi ayifumanekanga, banokubandakanyeka kwezinye iindlela ezinokubakho.

Iziphumo zokunyanzelwa: Ufundo lwe-Longitudinal yeminyaka emi-4 yokuSetyenziswa ngokuQatha kwe-Intanethi kunye nobunzima bommiselo we-Emotion (2020)

KWI-ABSTRACT

Kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga nokusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo kwe-Intanethi (i-CIU) ngokunxulumene nokukhula kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yolawulo lweemvakalelo. Ngaba abantu abancinci bayazibandakanya ne-CIU ngenxa yokuba benobunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo (imodeli "yesiphumo"), ngaba i-CIU ikhokelela kwiingxaki zolawulo lweemvakalelo (imodeli "echaseneyo"), okanye ngaba zikho iimpembelelo eziphindayo? Sivavanye ubudlelwane obude phakathi kwe-CIU kunye ne-6 yeempawu zobunzima kulawulo lweemvakalelo. Abafikisayo (N = 2,809) kwizikolo ezili-17 zaseOstreliya ezigqityiweyo amanyathelo minyaka le kumaBakala 8 (M_ubudala = 13.7) ukuya ku-11. Imodeli yokulinganisa ubume bokwazisa ukuba i-CIU yandulela ukuphuculwa kwemiba ethile yokusetyenziswa kweemvakalelo, njengobunzima bokubeka iinjongo kunye nokucaca malunga neemvakalelo, kodwa hayi abanye (imodeli yantlandlolo). Asifumananga bungqina bubonisa ukuba ubunzima bokumiswa kwemvakalelo yangaphambi kokukhula kokunyuka kwe-CIU (imodeli yesiphumo). Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukufundisa ulutsha ngokubanzi ulwazi lobuchule bokulawula iimvakalelo kusenokungasebenzi ekunciphiseni i-CIU njengeendlela ezithe ngqo zokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi. Sixoxa ngeziphumo zokufunyanwa kwethu zongenelelo olwenzelwe ukunciphisa i-CIU kwaye siqaqambisa imiba yophando oluzayo.

INQAKU NGOKUFUNDA

Ukunciphisa umda ekusebenziseni i-intanethi kusebenza ngakumbi kunokufundisa ngokubanzi malunga neemvakalelo

Isifundo esitsha sifumene umlutha we-intanethi kulutsha kukhokelela kubunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo. Nangona kunjalo kwakungekho bungqina bokuba imiba yangaphambi kokuba ibe khona yemvakalelo ikwabonisa kwangaphambili ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi.

Ipapashwe kwijenali ehlolwe ngokutsha yoontanga Umoya, iphepha lophononongo lokuqala olude lokuhlola unxibelelwano phakathi kokulutha i-intanethi phakathi kolutsha kunye nobunzima bommiselo.

Bangaphezu kwe-2,800 abafikisayo abakwizikolo eziphakamileyo ezili-17 zaseOstreliya abathathe inxaxheba kolu phando. Abathathi-nxaxheba basusela kwiminyaka esi-8 kuye kweli-11

Umbhali okhokelayo kwiYunivesithi yaseSydney Business School, UGqr James Donald, uthe uphando luvavanye izimvo ezimbini ezishushu ezixoxayo: okokuqala, nokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi okunyanzelekileyo kukukhokelela kubunzima beemvakalelo ngexesha; Okwesibini, ukuba ubunzima beemvakalelo eziphantsi kolawulo buyakhokelela kule ndlela inyanzelekileyo yokuziphatha.

"Abazali nezikolo banendima ebalulekileyo ekufundiseni abantwana babo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi okunempilo" utshilo uGqirha James Donald.

"Siphawule indlela yokuziphatha ixesha elingaphezulu ecebisa ukuba likhoboka le-intanethi likhokelele kwiingxaki zokulawula iimvakalelo, kodwa hayi iphinde yenzeke," utshilo uGqr. Uqeqesho loMsebenzi kunye neziFundo zoMbutho.

Ngaphandle kobungqina obuninzi obungaqhelekanga kunye nembono ethandwayo koku, asazi kangako malunga nokunyanzelwa kokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ukuba nefuthe kummiselo woluntu lwabantu abatsha kunye nokunye.

"Simangalisiwe kukufumana iziphumo ezibi zokusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo kwe-intanethi kwizinto ezifana nokuzibekela iinjongo kunye nokuqonda iimvakalelo zomntu, uzinze kuyo yonke iminyaka emine yesifundo."

Ukukhanuka intsomi ye-dysregulation yeemvakalelo njengokuqikelela

Olu phando alufumananga bungqina bokuba, phakathi kwabantu abancinci, ukuba nobunzima beemvakalelo zaphambi kokuba ubekhona kukhokelela kwiingxaki zokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi.

Oko kwaqhambuka ubhubhani we-coronavirus, abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo baxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-intanethi kunanini na ngaphambili.

UGqr James Donald, kwiYunivesithi yaseSydney Business School

Ukusebenzisana nabaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yamaKatolika yaseOstreliya, iqela lafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi okunyanzelekileyo kunefuthe elibi kakhulu kwiindlela “ezinamandla” zommiselo weemvakalelo onjengobunzima bokulandela iinjongo zobomi kunye nokuqonda iimvakalelo zomnye.

"Uphando lwethu lubonisa ukusetyenziswa okunyanzelekileyo kokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kunefuthe elincinci kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zeemvakalelo ezinjengokwamkelwa kunye nokwazisa," utshilo umbhali-mbhali Unjingalwazi uJoseph Ciarrochi.

"Ixesha leenyanga ezili-12 zokusebenzisa i-intanethi ngokunyanzelekileyo lisenokungabi yingozi njengoko besicinga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba oku kuqhubekeka kufikelela kwiminyaka yeshumi elivisayo, iimpembelelo, kunye nokudakumba kweemvakalelo kunokuba yingxaki. "

Ukunciphisa umda ekusebenziseni i-intanethi kunokuba kuphela kwempendulo

Olu phando lukwacebisa ukuba ukufundisa abafikisayo ubuchule ngokubanzi bokumisela imvakalelo, umzekelo ngeenkqubo esikolweni, kungangabi nakho ukusebenza ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi okunyanzelekileyo njengeendlela ezingqalileyo ezifana nokunciphisa ixesha elichithwe kwi-intanethi.

Ukusukela kokuqhambuka kobhubhani we-coronavirus, abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo baxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-intanethi kunangaphambili. I-intanethi sisayithi yokufunda nokudlala, eyenza ukuba kube nzima kubazali ukubeka iliso, ”utshilo uGqr James Donald.

"Nangona kunokuba nzima kubazali ukulawula ukufikelela kwi-intanethi, isifundo sethu sibonisa ukuba abazali nezikolo zinendima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka bayidlalile ekufundiseni abantwana babo malunga nokusebenzisa i-Intanethi impilo, ukubeka iliso kwimisebenzi abayenzayo kwi-Intanethi, nokuqinisekisa ukuba banentsingiselo kwaye bayabandakanyeka Izinto ezenziwa ngaphandle kwe-intanethi ezibonelela ngolungelelwano. ”

Isiphumo sikaMateyu sokuBuyisa ekuBuyiselweni kwi-Smartphone kwisiyobisi se-6th seNyanga saBantwana kunye nabaFikisayo (2020)

Ikhosi yekliniki yokusetyenziswa kwengxaki ye-smartphone (PSU) eyingxaki ihlala ingaziwa kakhulu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezifundo ezide. Siphinde safumana izifundo ezili-193 ngeengxaki zokulutha nge-smartphone kolu phando lwangoku. Emva kokubonelela ngemvume enolwazi, izifundo zigqibile ukuphononongwa kwaye zenziwa udliwanondlebe olubanzi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-smartphone. Zizifundo ezingama-56 zizonke phakathi kwezifundo ezazifudula zifunyenwe zaza zalandelwa kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Sithelekise iimpawu ezisisiseko phakathi kwabasebenzisi abangagungqiyo kunye nokufumana kwakhona abasebenzisi emva kwenyanga ye-193 yokulandela. Abasebenzisi beengxaki eziqhubekayo ze-smartphone babonisa ubungqingqwa obuphakamileyo besiseko sokulutha i-smartphone kwaye bekulungele ukuvelisa iingxaki zempilo yengqondo kulandelayo. Nangona kunjalo, isiseko sokudakumba okanye imeko yoxinzelelo ayikhange ibe nempembelelo ebonakalayo kwizifundo zePSU. I-PSU yaziphatha ngakumbi njengesifo esikhobokisayo kunokuba iphazamisekile engqondweni. Ukuphepha ukonzakala, ukushukuma, ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi okuninzi, kunye nexesha elincinci lokuncokola noomama zichazwe njengezona zinto zintle zokuqhubela phambili kwiPSU. Ubomi obuphantsi, ukubonwa kokonwaba okuncinci, kunye nokungazinzi kweenjongo kukwanegalelo ekuqhubekeni kwePSU, ngelixa ukubuyisela kwakhona kunyusa lamanqaku kunye namanyathelo okuzithemba. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba isiphumo sikaMateyu sifumaneka ekubuyiseleni i-PSU ngokuhlengahlengiswa okungcono kwengqondo kwe-psychosocial ekhokelela ekuvuseleleni ngakumbi. Izixhobo ezikhulu zeklinikhi ziyafuneka ukuze ungenelelo kubemi abasemngciphekweni ukutshintsha ikhondo lokuqhubekeka kwengxaki yokuziphatha eqhubekayo kwihlabathi jikelele.

Utshintsho lweeNeototransmitters kulutsha ngeInternet kunye neeSmartphone: Ukuthelekiswa kunye neZilawuli zoSempilweni kunye notshintsho emva koNyango lweNgxaki yokuZiphatha (2020)

Imvelaphi kunye nenjongo: Utshintsho lwe-Neurotransmitter kulutsha olutyekele kwi-Intanethi kunye ne-smartphone yafaniswa nolawulo oluqhelekileyo kunye nakwizifundo emva kwonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo. Ukongeza, unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-neurotransmitters kunye nezinto ezichaphazelekayo zaphandwa.

Impahla nenkqubo: Abantu abancinci abalishumi elinesixhenxe abasebenzisa i-Intanethi kunye neziyobisi ze-smartphone kunye ne-19 ngesondo- kunye nobudala obuhambelana nokulawula okunempilo (umda wamadoda / owesifazana, 9: 10; iminyaka yobudala, iminyaka eyi-15.47 ± 3.06) yabandakanywa. Ulutsha ezilishumi elinambini elinomlutha we-Intanethi kunye ne-smartphone (umlinganiso wobudoda / wabasetyhini, 8: 4; iminyaka yobudala, 14.99 ± iminyaka eyi-1.95) uthathe inxaxheba kwiiveki ezisi-9 zonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo. I-Meshcher-Garwood-point-resolution ye-visroscopy yasetyenziswa ukulinganisa i-γ-aminobutyric acid kunye namanqanaba e-Glx kwi-cortex ye-anterior. I-γ-aminobutyric acid kunye nenqanaba le-Glx kwiqela labakhobisi lalithelekiswa nalawo kulawulo nasemva kokuziphatha konyango. I-γ-aminobutyric acid kunye nenqanaba leGlx lihambelana nemilinganiselo yekliniki ye-Intanethi kunye nesiyobisi se-smartphone, ukungafuneki, uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, ukungalali kunye nomgangatho wokulala.

iziphumo: Ubungakanani be-parenchymal kunye ne-grey factor moderate-modified of volume-aminobutyric acid-to-designine ratio zaziphezulu kwizifundo ezinomlutha we-Intanethi kunye ne-smartphone (P = .028 kunye .016). Emva konyango, ingqondo parenchymal- kunye ne-grey nto yehlengahlengiso lwe-γ-aminobutyric acid-to-creatine ratios yancitshiswa (P = .034 kunye .026). Inqanaba le-Glx belingabalulekanga ngokwezibalo kwizifundo ezinxulumene ne-Intanethi kunye nokulutha kwe-smartphone xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo kunye nemeko ye-posttherapy. I-Brain parenchymal- kunye ne-grey nto i-mod-moderate-mod-moderate modified equity ehambelana nemilinganiselo yekliniki ye-Intanethi kunye nokulutha kwe-smartphone, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo. I-Glx / Cr yayidibene ngokungalunganga kunye nokulala kunye nenqanaba lokulala lomgangatho.

Izigqibo: Amanqanaba aphezulu e-γ aminobutyric acid kunye nokungazinzi kokuphazamiseka kwe-γ-aminobutyric acid-to-Glx kubandakanya i-glutamate kwi-cortex ye-anterior inokuba negalelo ekuqondeni i-pathophysiology kunye nonyango lwe-Intanethi kunye nokulutha kwe-smartphone kunye ne-comorbidities ehambelana nazo.

Unxibelelwano lwexeshana phakathi kokuSetyenziswa kweendaba kwezeNtlalontle kunye noxinzelelo (2020)

Izifundo zangaphambili zibonise unxibelelwano olunamacandelo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwemidiya yoluntu kunye noxinzelelo, kodwa imibutho yabo yexeshana kunye nezikhokelo azichazwanga.

Kwi-2018, abathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-30 baqeshwa ngokulingana neempawu zobalo-bantu zase-US, kubandakanya ubudala, isini, ubuhlanga, imfundo, umvuzo wekhaya kunye nommandla wejografi. Abathathi-nxaxheba baxela ngokwabo ukusetyenziswa kweendaba zosasazo ngokwesiseko soluhlu lweenethiwekhi ezili-10 zemidiya yoluntu, ezimele> iipesenti ezingama-95 zokusetyenziswa kwemidiya yoluntu. Uxinzelelo lwavavanywa kusetyenziswa iphepha lemibuzo le-9-Item yeMonde yezeMpilo. I-9 iyonke ye-covariates efanelekileyo yoluntu yavavanywa. Onke amanyathelo athatyathwa kuvavanyo lokuqala kunye nokulandelelwa kweenyanga ezi-6.

Phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abangama-990 abangazange badandatheke kwisiseko, i-95 (9.6%) yavelisa uxinzelelo ngokulandelelana. Kuhlalutyo olunokwenzeka olwenziwe ngo-2020 olwalulawulwa kuzo zonke ii-covariates kwaye kubandakanya ubunzima bovavanyo, bekukho umbutho obalulekileyop<0.001) phakathi kwesiseko sokusetyenziswa kweendaba zosasazo kunye nokukhula koxinzelelo kwinqanaba ngalinye lokusetyenziswa kweendaba zosasazo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezo zikwinqanaba eliphantsi, abathathi-nxaxheba kwelona zinga liphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yeendaba kwezentlalo babenyuse kakhulu amathuba okuba nokudakumba (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.38, 5.56). Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho manyano phakathi kobukho boxinzelelo olusisiseko kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendaba zosasazo ekulandeleni (OKANYE = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.78, 1.38). Iziphumo zazomelele kulo lonke uhlalutyo lobuntununtunu.

Kwisampulu yesizwe yabantu abadala abancinci, ukusetyenziswa kweendaba zosasazo kwezentlalo kwakuhambelana nokuzimela kunye nokudakumba ngokulandelelana, kodwa uxinzelelo olusisiseko aluzange lunxulunyaniswe nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kweendaba zosasazo ekulandeleleni. Le patheni iphakamisa unxibelelwano lokwexeshana phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yeendaba kwezentlalo kunye noxinzelelo, imeko ebalulekileyo yokubakho.

Iimpawu zemithombo yeendaba zentlalo 'detoxification' yabafundi baseyunivesithi (2021)

Ukuphindaphindwa kwamasayithi okunxibelelana nabantu kukhokelele ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kwabantu abadala. Ngelixa umanyano lwentlalontle yengqondo lusaphikisana, amanqanaba aphezulu okusetyenziswa kwemithombo yeendaba kwezentlalo ayedityaniswa nokuziphatha okuyingxaki, ukuzithemba okuphantsi kunye neempawu zokudakumba. 'I-Social Media Detoxification' (iDetox) ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iinzame zokuzithandela zokunciphisa okanye zokumisa ukusetyenziswa kweendaba zosasazo ukuphucula impilo. Senze isifundo somqhubi wenqwelomoya ukukhangela iimpawu zokuchithwa kweendaba zosasazo ezasetyenziswa ngabafundi baseyunivesithi abangama-68 kwimisebenzi yabo yemidiya yoluntu. Uhlalutyo oluchazayo luveze ukuba uninzi lwabafundi luxele utshintsho olululo kwiimvakalelo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokulala okuphucukileyo ngexesha nasemva kwexesha lokudanjiswa. Ezi ziphumo zokuqala zibonisa ukuba 'i-detoxification yemidiya yoluntu' yinto eqondwa kwaye isetyenziswa ngabafundi baseyunivesithi ukumodareyitha ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwimidiya yoluntu. Ukwahluka okubanzi kwisicelo sayo kunye nefuthe kuqatshelwe kwisampulu yethu.