Inamanqaku amabini kunye nophononongo olungezantsi
Igalelo lebhayoloji kwiimpembelelo zentlalo ekuseleni kotywala: ubungqina obuvela kwiimodeli zezilwanyana
Izilwanyana zenkcubeko yangempela zinceda oososayensi bafunde ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala
NgoJulayi 11, 2010, uJoe Rojas-Burke, Oregonia
Ii-Prairie voles, ngohlobo lwazo, zinamathela kunye neqabane lomtshato kunye nokuzinikela ngokuzeleyo kwiintsana kunye. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba benikwe isiselo esinxilisayo, baninzi abanxilayo nabanomdla wokuphuma kwiqabane labo.
Isandi esiqhelekileyo? Ukugqobhoza kutyekelo lomntu kwenza ukuba impuku-njengempuku ibe yimodeli efanelekileyo yokufunda imiba yezentlalo yotywala obuninzi, batsho abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseOregon yezeMpilo kunye neYunivesithi yeSayensi kunye neZiko lezonyango lasePortland.
"Abaseli nje kuphela utywala, bakhetha bona kunamanzi," utshilo uAllison Anacker, umfundi ophumelele izifundo ze-neuroscience e-OHSU. Uvavanyo lokungcamla lubonisa ukuba bakhetha ukusela nge-6 yeepesenti yotywala-malunga nobhiya, utshilo u-Andrey Ryabinin, unjingalwazi we-neuroscience yokuziphatha e-OHSU.
Ukunqongophala kweemodeli zezilwanyana ezilungileyo yingxaki ekudala ikho kubaphandi abafuna unyango olutsha nolusebenzayo lotywala. Iimpuku kunye neempuku-iilebuli zesintu-azizukusela utywala ukuba zinokuziphepha, kunyanzela abaphandi ukuba baxhomekeke kwiintlobo ze-inbred ezikhethelwe inkanuko yazo engeyiyo eyendalo yezinto ezinzima. Iigundane kunye neempuku azinkulu kubumbano lwasentlalweni, ke ukuzifunda akunakukhanyisa kakhulu ukuba ubudlelwane bunokuchaphazela njani ukwanda, utsho uRyabinin.
Phakathi kwee-voes zodumo, iibhondi zentlalo zidlala indima enkulu kwindlela yokuziphatha ekuphuzeni njengoko besenza nakweyiphi na i-fraternity yasesikholejini, iimvavanyo zikaRyabinin, Anacker kunye noogxa bakhe bacebisa.
Kwisifundo esivela kwiphephancwadi iAddiction Biology, ekwabelaneni ngekheyi nomntakwenu kuye kwabangela ukuba ii-voles ziyeke ukunxila. Isilwanyana ngasinye sasinokufikelela kwiibhotile ezimbini zokusela: enye inamanzi angenanto kwaye enye ifakwe isiselo esinxilisayo. Iscreen sigcina izilwanyana ezidityanisiweyo zingafikeleli kwiibhotile zomnye, zisenza lula kubaphandi ukulinganisa ukuba basela kangakanani.
Ii-voles ezizimeleyo zisela phantse isixa esilinganayo samanzi acocekileyo kunye namanzi ane-alcohol. Abantakwabo bahlala ndawonye bahlala phantsi. Ngokomndilili, isine kwisine sokufumana kwabo ulwelo luvela kumthombo otyhidiweyo otywala. Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke loo nto. Isibini esihlala kunye sikwafanelana isiselo esiselwayo.
Ezinye ii-voles zazisele zasela kakhulu kwaye zawa zaza zaba nengxaki yokubuyela ngeenyawo. Abanye basela kakhulu ngokulinganisela. Kodwa i-vole nganye yayihlala isela phantse inani elilinganayo ne-cage yayo.
Bafumana i-buzz kwaye ngandlela thile bafumana enye ivole ukuze ilingane nenqanaba labo lokunxila. Ubuncinane yile ngcamango esinayo, "kusho uRyabinin. Abaphandi abakazi ukuba ii-voles zilungelelanisa njani ukusela kwabo. Ngotywala kuphela obunyanzelisa isimilo. Kuvavanyo olufanayo olusebenzisa amanzi afakwe isakcharine, iswiti engeyoyekhalori ethandwa zii-voles, izilwanyana ezidityanisiweyo zisela kakhulu isiselo esimnandi kodwa azingqinelani nokutya komnye nomnye.
Ngelixa indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu inzima kakhulu ukuba nayiphi na imodeli yezilwanyana imele ngokupheleleyo, ii-voles kufuneka zingqineke ziluncedo ekusetyenzisweni komgangatho wokusela, utshilo uKenneth J. Sher, unjingalwazi waseYunivesithi yaseMissouri ofundela ubuchwephesha bengqondo yotywala.
USher uthi: "Kubantu ngaphandle kokunxila ngaphandle kokunxila yinto yokuzihlaziya." Iimodeli zezilwanyana zemveli zokusela utywala, utshilo, zisebenzisa iigundane ezizimeleyo okanye iimpuku ukusela kwimeko ye-asocial. IiPrairie voles zinika abaphandi iindlela zokwenza imifuniselo yokusela ekuhlaleni engenakwenzeka ngamavolontiya angabantu - njengokuhambisa abantu abasela kakhulu ngotywala kunye nokuyalela ukuba banxibelelane nabanye ixesha elide-ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iinkawu okanye iitshimpanzi ezibiza kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuzenza. sebenza kunye.
Phakathi kwezimvo zikaRyabinin: ukuvavanya ukuba ingaba iimpembelelo zamaqabane zinokunciphisa ukusebenza kweziyobisi ezinje nge-naltrexone, emiselweyo ukunqanda utywala ekuseleni.
Izilwanyana zinokunceda izazinzulu ukuba ziluqonde ngcono utshintsho lwengqondo olwenza ukuba abantu babe sesichengeni sokuba likhoboka lotywala. IiPrairie voles ziye zafundwa nzulu kangangeminyaka ngabaphandi bobuchwephesha abafuna inkcazo yesimilo somfazi omnye, umkhwa owenziwa ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezintlanu zezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Izazinzulu zichonge iindlela ezahlukileyo zokutyikitya kunye neeseli zengqondo ezisebenzayo ekuqiniseni ubudlelwane bezilwanyana kunye namaqabane.
Ezo ndlela zokutyikitya zibonakala ngathi zidlala indima ekuziphatheni okuluthayo, ngokunjalo, ngokwe-neuroscientist uZuoxin Wang kwiYunivesithi yaseFlorida State. U-Wang kunye noogxa bakhe sele beqalisile ukusebenzisa ii-voes prairie ukufunda ukuba iindlela zomqondiso wobuchopho ziyomeleza ukufuna kwe-amphetamine ngendlela efanayo yokuqinisa ukudibana kwezentlalo. Ukutyikitywa kwe-Dopamine, eyinxalenye yenkqubo yomvuzo wobuchopho, inokusebenza ngakumbi kwiingqondo zezilwanyana xa zidibene nomntakwabo okanye iqabane, u-Ryabinin kunye noogxa bakhe bacingela, zikhokelela ekubeni bafumane umvuzo omkhulu otywala, ngaloo ndlela ubenza ukuba usele ngakumbi xa uhleli ngababini.
Iziphumo zokuqala kwi-OHSU zikwacebisa ukuba ukusela kakhulu kunokuphazamisa ii-voles 'bond bonds. Nokuba kwilizwe leentonga, ukubhengeza kakhulu sisimemo sengxabano yasekhaya.
ISIFUNDO: Igalelo lebhayoloji kwiimpembelelo zentlalo ekuseleni kotywala: ubungqina obuvela kwiimodeli zezilwanyana.
I-Anacker AM, iRyabinin AE.
Int J Environ Res Impilo yoLuntu. I-2010 Feb; 7 (2): 473-93. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
ISebe le-Neuroscience yokuziphatha, iYunivesithi yaseOregon yezeMpilo kunye neYunivesithi, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd L470, Portland, OKANYE 97239, e-USA. [imeyile ikhuselwe]
Imiba yezentlalo inefuthe elikhulu kwizimo zokusela kakhulu kunye nokutshintsha impilo yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima kakhulu ukuvavanya ukuba ingaba le mpembelelo iyinto yenkcubeko kuphela okanye ine-Biology underpinnings. Uphando kwimimandla engeyiyo eyabantu ibonisa ukuba indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo ngexesha lokukhula kwangoko ichaphazela ikamva labo kuselo olunxilisayo, kwaye uphando kwizigundisi lubonisa ukuba ukuzibandakanya koluntu, ukungxala okanye isikhundla esiphantsi sentlalontle kungakhokelela ekwandeni kotywala, ngelixa uhlulo lwentlalo lunakho. ukunciphisa ukusela. Iindlela ze-Neurotransmitter ezinegalelo kwezi ziphumo (okt. I-serotonin, i-GABA, i-dopamine) sele iqalile ukuboniswa. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zifundo azizibandakanyi amathuba okuba iimpembelelo zentlalo ekuseleni zenzeke ngokuphendula ngokubanzi koxinzelelo lweemeko zentlalo ezimbi. Utywala obunokuthi butywala bunokuphakanyiswa kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo zentlalo, umzekelo, kwiigundane kulandela ukusebenzisana nentanga enxilayo. Izifundo zamva nje sele ziqalisile ukulungelelanisa uhlobo olutsha lweentonga, i-prairie vole, ukufunda indima yendawo yokuhlala kuluntu lotywala. Ii-Prairie voles zibonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lonxibelwano lwentlalo phakathi kwabantu, kunye neendlela ezininzi ze-neurochemical ezibandakanya ukumiliselwa kwezi ndlela zokuziphatha (umzekelo, i-dopamine, i-vasopressin ephakathi kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha i-corticotropin) ziyaziwa nangokubandakanyeka kulawulo lotywala. ukutya. I-Naltrexone, i-opioid receptor antagonist evunyiweyo njenge-pharmacotherapy kwizigulana ezinotywala, kutsha nje kuboniswe ukuba iyancipha zombini ukuthanda iqabane kunye nokuthanda utywala kwii-voles. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ngamandla ukuba iindlela ezithi iimpembelelo zentlalo ziphembelele ngayo ukusela zinengcambu yendalo, kwaye inokufundwa kusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza iimodeli zezilwanyana ezintsha.
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