Iingxelo zoLungiso lweeNtsholongwane
Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi 8 ngoDisemba 2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2016.11.003
Iimbalasane
- Uphando lweemvakalelo kunye nokuvuswa ngokwesondo ngaphambi nangemva kokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi kwindawo yabucala
- Ukubukela iphonografi kwakunxulunyaniswa nokutshintsha kweemvakalelo kunye nezalathisi zokuvusa inkanuko yesini
- Isimo sengqondo ngaphambi nangemva kokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi kunye nokutshintsha kwemo yengqondo kunxulunyaniswa neempawu ze-Intanethi-iphonografi-yokujonga-ingxaki
Abstract
Ukuphazamiseka kokujonga iphonografi kwi-Intanethi (IPD) kuthathwa njengolunye uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi. Kuphuhliso lwe-IPD, kwakucingelwa ngokwethiyori ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwephonografi kwi-Intanethi ukujamelana nemeko yokudakumba okanye uxinzelelo kunokuthathwa njengomngcipheko. Ukujongana nefuthe lokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi kwimood, isifundo se-Intanethi esinamanqaku amathathu okulinganisa kunye nesampulu yabathathi-nxaxheba abangamadoda benziwe. Abathathi-nxaxheba baphandwa malunga notyekelo lwabo kwi-IPD, ukusetyenziswa kobuqu koonografi kwi-Intanethi, isimo sengqondo esiqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo olubonwayo, kunye ne-Intanethi yabo yokusebenzisa iphonografi. Ngapha koko, abathathi-nxaxheba babuzwa malunga nemeko yabo yangoku, ukuvuswa ngokwesondo, kunye nesidingo sokuphulula amaphambili kwaye balandele ukubukela iphonografi ye-Intanethi ngokuzimisela kwindawo yabucala. Idatha ibonise ukuba utyekelo olubhekiselele kwi-IPD lwalunxulunyaniswa kakubi nokuziva ulungile, uphaphile, kwaye uzolile kwaye uqinisekile ngoxinzelelo olubonwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokusebenzisa iphonografi kwi-Intanethi ngokufuna imincili kunye nokuphepha ngokweemvakalelo. Ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo kokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi kwindawo yabucala kukhatshwa lutshintsho lweemvakalelo kunye nezalathisi zokuvusa inkanuko yesini. Ngapha koko, utyekelo olubhekiselele kwi-IPD lwalunxulumene kakubi nemvakalelo ngaphambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa kwephonografi ye-Intanethi kunye nokonyuka kokwenyani kokulungileyo nokuzola. Iziphumo zibonise iziphumo zokubukela iphonografi kwi-Intanethi kwimood kunye nenkanuko yesini enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengeneziphumo zokuqinisa umsebenzisi. Ke, iziphumo zihambelana neengqikelelo zethiyori kuphuhliso lwe-IPD, apho ukuqiniswa okuhle (kunye nokungalunganga) okufunyenwe kusetyenziso lwephonografi kwi-Intanethi kuhambelana ne-cue-reactivity kunye nokufuna ukuphendula.
Internet
- Iphonografi ye-Intanethi;
- Umlutha;
- Molo;
- Isini esivusayo
1. intshayelelo
Imiphumo emihle kunye nembi enokubakho yokubukela imifanekiso engamanyala kwi-Intanethi ixoxwa ngokuphikisana (Campbell kunye noKohut, ngo-2016, Grubbs et al., 2016, IHald kunye neMalamuth, ngo-2008, UHarkness et al., ngo-2015, UPeter noValkenburg, 2014, Shaughnessy et al., 2014 kwaye UStanley et al., 2016). Kuye kwacaca ukuba abanye abantu babika ukulahlekelwa kolawulo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo kwephonografi, ehlala ihamba kunye nokunyuka kwamaxesha kunye nemiphumo emibi kwiindawo ezininzi zobomi, ezifana nokusebenza kwesikolo / imfundo / umsebenzi.UDuffy et al., 2016, I-Griffiths, i-2012 kwaye UWryry noBillieux, 2015). Ubume bomlutha wokuziphatha ngokwesondo kusaxoxwa (Umkhuhlane, i-2014), kodwa abaphandi abaninzi bathi ukubukela iphonografi kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokubanzi kunokuthathwa njengomlutha (UBrand et al., 2014, UGarcia kunye noTibaut, 2010, Kraus et al., 2016 kwaye Thanda et al., 2015). Ngelixa abanye bexoxa ukuba ukubukela iphonografi kwi-Intanethi kunokuba luhlobo oluthile lokulutha ngokwesondo okanye ubulili obugqithisileyo (UGarcia kunye noTibaut, 2010 kwaye Kafka, 2015), abanye bathi kufuneka ihlelwe njengohlobo oluthile lokulutha kwi-Intanethi (I-Laier kunye neBrits, i-2014 kwaye Oselula, 2008). Ngokwenene iphonografi yaboniswa njengesicelo se-Intanethi esisemngciphekweni wokuphuhlisa indlela yokusebenzisa umlutha (Meerkerk, van den Eijnden, & Garretsen, 2006). Ngenxa yengxoxo eqhubekayo malunga ne-phenomenology yayo sisebenzisa igama elithi Internet-pornography-viewing disorder (IPD) ngokufaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwemidlalo ye-Intanethi esetyenziswa kwi-DSM-5.APA, 2013). Ekubeni kungekho sivumelwano kwiikhrayitheriya zokuxilonga ze-IPD, ukuxhaphaka kwesiganeko kunokuqikelelwa kuphela. Olunye uphando luvavanye ummeli wesampulu eSweden kwaye lwafumanisa i-2% yabasetyhini kunye ne-5% yabathathi-nxaxheba besilisa ababika iimpawu ze-IPD (Ross, Månsson, & Daneback, 2012).
Ngokubhekiselele ekuphuhlisweni kwe-IPD kwaxoxwa ukuba iimpawu ze-medium (umzekelo, ukuqinisa imiphumo, ukungaziwa, ukufikeleleka), igalelo ekukhuthazeni ukubukela imifanekiso engamanyala (Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, kunye Mathy, 2004). Ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zabasebenzisi, kwaxoxwa ukuba abantu banokuthi babekwe phambili ekuphuhlisweni kweempawu ze-IPD ngeempawu zomntu (umzekelo, ukuzonwabisa okukhulu ngokwesondo) kunye nokuba ezi mpawu zinxibelelana nokuqonda okunxulumene nokusetyenziswa koonografi (umzekelo, ukulindela ukusetyenziswa okulungileyo. ) (ILaier kunye neBrand, 2014). Ngenxa yeempembelelo zokuqinisa ngokwemigaqo yokwaneliseka ngokwesondo ngokubukela iphonografi, iinkqubo zokubeka imeko kufuneka zikhokelele kuphuhliso lwe-cue-reactivity kunye nesiphumo sokusabela okunqwenelekayo kwizinto ezinxulumene neziyobisi zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle. Ubungqina bendima ebalulekileyo yokuvuswa ngokwesondo kunye nokusabela okukhangayo kwe-IPD kuboniswe kwizifundo ezininzi (UBrand et al., 2011, Laier et al., 2013, Laier et al., 2014, Laier et al., 2015, URosenberg kunye noKraus, ngo-2014 kwaye I-Snagowski et al., 2015). Ezi ziphumo zihambelana nokucinga ukuba ngakumbi abo bantu bathambekele ekuphuhliseni i-IPD abasebenzisa ukusetyenziswa koonografi ukuze bajamelane nokudandatheka okanye uxinzelelo (Cooper, Putnam, Planchon, & Boies, 1999). Olu ngcinga luye lwacetyiswa kwimodeli ye-I-PACE yokulutha kwi-Intanethi ethile (I-PACE imele iNtsebenziswano yoMntu-uMba-uQoqosho-Ukwenziwa) (Ibhranti, uMncinci, uLaier, uWolfling, kunye noPotenza, ngo-2016). Enye ingqikelelo yemodeli yeyokuba imo yangoku inokuphembelela isigqibo sokusebenzisa usetyenziso oluthile lwe-Intanethi (umzekelo, iphonografi ye-Intanethi) kwaye iziphumo ezifunyenwe ngokusebenzisa usetyenziso oluthile kufuneka ziqinise ukuqonda okunxulumene ne-Intanethi. Ukongeza, umbono kunye nolindelo lokuba ukusetyenziswa kwesicelo se-Intanethi kuluncedo ukumelana noxinzelelo okanye imo engaqhelekanga ikwajongwa njengento eqinisiweyo kunye nesimbo sokujongana nokungasebenzi kakuhle, ngokunjalo. Iimpawu zobuntu kunye neempawu zengqondo zinokuzinziswa okanye zomelezwe ngamava angaphakathi kwenkqubo yokulutha. Nangona ukujongana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kubonakaliswe kunxulunyaniswa ne-IPD (ILaier kunye neBrand, 2014), indima yesimo sengqondo kunye neenguqu zangoku emva kokubukela iphonografi kwi-Intanethi kwiimpawu ze-IPD ayizange iphandwe, okwangoku. Injongo yolu phando yayikukufaka isandla ekuzaliseni esi sikhewu sophando ngokujongana nale ngcamango ilandelayo kwisampulu yabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo be-intanethi ye-pornography: 1.) Utyekelo olubhekiselele kwi-IPD lunxulumene nomoya jikelele kunye noxinzelelo olubonwayo, i-2.) ezinxulumene nomoya wangoku kunye nokuvuswa ngokwesondo ngaphambi nangemva kokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi, i-3.) Utyekelo olubhekiselele kwi-IPD lunxulunyaniswa nokutshintsha kwemood kunye nokuvuswa ngokwesondo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi, kunye ne-4.) Ubudlelwane phakathi kokuthambekela kwi-IPD kunye nokukhuthaza ukusebenzisa. Iphonografi ye-Intanethi imodareyithwa yinkanuko yesini efunyenwe ngokubukela iphonografi. Ukujongana nezi ngqikelelo, isifundo se-intanethi esinamanqaku amathathu okulinganisa senziwe.
2. Izinto kunye neendlela
2.1. Inkqubo
Abathathi-nxaxheba bagaywa ngoluhlu lwe-imeyile, iisayithi zenethiwekhi yoluntu, kunye neentengiso kwiYunivesithi yaseDuisburg-Essen (eJamani). Inkcazo ibonise ngokucacileyo ukuba uphononongo lwe-intanethi luphanda ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi kwaye ngabantu abangamadoda kuphela abamenyiweyo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba. Abantu abanomdla wokuthatha inxaxheba bacelwa ukuba baphendule isimemo nge-imeyile kwaye emva koko banikwa inkcazo ngenkcazo ecacileyo yophando. Uphononongo lwaziswa njengophando olunamanqaku amathathu okulinganisa. Kwinxalenye yokuqala, abathathi-nxaxheba banike ulwazi malunga nokuguquguquka kwe-sociodemographic, ukusetyenziswa komntu kwi-Intanethi ngokuziphatha okukhuthazwa ngokwesondo, uxinzelelo olubonwa ngokuzimeleyo, kunye neempawu ze-IPD (t1). Kwacaciswa kubathathi-nxaxheba ukuba ukuba bafanele bajonge ngokuzimeleyo iphonografi ye-Intanethi kwindawo yangasese kwixesha elizayo, baceliwe ukuba baphendule imibuzo malunga nemeko yabo yangoku kunye nokuvuswa ngokwesondo ngaphambili (inqanaba lesibini lokulinganisa, t2) kwaye emva (inqaku lesithathu lokulinganisa, t3). Emva kokuba abathathi-nxaxheba banike imvume ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo bafumana amathokheni ukufanisa idatha yabo kumanqaku okulinganisa. Onke amavolontiya amenywa ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwilotho yokuphumelela ivawutsha enye evela kwi-BestChoice (iivawutsha ezi-3 á 50€, iivawutsha ezi-5 á 20€, iivawutsha ezi-5 á 10€). Idatha yakhangelwa ukufaneleka kwaye akukho zingxaki zibonakalayo zabonwayo. Uphononongo lwavunywa yikomiti yokuziphatha yasekuhlaleni.
2.2. Abathathi-nxaxheba
Isampulu ibibandakanya amadoda angama-80 (Mubudala = 26.41 iminyaka, SD = 6.23, uluhlu: 18-55). Imfundo ephakathi yayiyiminyaka eyi-12.90 (SD = 0.45), abantu abangama-43 (53.8%) babonise ukuba baneqabane. Abantu abangamashumi amane anesithoba bazichaze “njengabathandana besini esahlukileyo”, i-12 “njengabantu abathandana nabesini esahlukileyo”, 5 “njengabathandana besini esinye”, 2 “njengamafanasini”, kwaye i-12 “njengamafanasini”. Inani labathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa izicelo ze-Intanethi eziqhutywa ngokwesondo kunye nexesha elichithiweyo kwezi zicelo zikhethekileyo 1 Table. Abathathi-nxaxheba abangamashumi amathandathu anesithandathu kwisampulu bagqibe uphando ngo t2 kunye t3. Ubudala obuqhelekileyo beli sampulu yayingama-25.91 (SD = 5.43). Bonke abantu besampulu babonise ukusebenzisa usetyenziso lwe-cybersex rhoqo.
Ithebula 1.
Inkcazo yemisebenzi yesampulu ye-cybersexual. Amanqaku aphakathi kunye nokuphambuka okusemgangathweni kubhekiselele kwixesha (umzuzu/iveki) elichithwe ukusebenzisa usetyenziso oluthile lwe-cybersex.
n | M | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|
Imifanekiso yeSoftcore | 55 | 28.96 | 45.04 |
Iividiyo zeSoftcore | 26 | 20.03 | 30.81 |
Imifanekiso enzima | 55 | 46.01 | 61.89 |
Iividiyo ezinzima | 75 | 116.15 | 171.66 |
Iincoko zesondo | 12 | 71.96 | 131.38 |
Ukwabelana ngesondo ngeWebcam | 4 | 185.45 | 154.08 |
Live sex Shows | 7 | 32.20 | 37.35 |
Phawula. Nceda uqaphele inani labathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa enye (n = 8), ezimbini (n = 14), ezintathu (n = 8), ezine (n = 25), ezintlanu (n = 12), ezintandathu (n = 10), okanye isixhenxe (n = 3) yezicelo eziceliweyo ze-cybersex. Onke amanqaku aphakathi kunye nokutenxa okusemgangathweni kubhekisa kuphela kubantu abasebenzisa isicelo esithile se-cybersex ngeveki.
2.3. Amaphepha emibuzo
At tI-1, iimpawu ze-IPD, isimo sengqondo esiqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo olubonwayo, kunye ne-intanethi-iphonografi yokusebenzisa i-motivation yavavanywa. Ukuthambekela kwi-IPD kwalinganiswa ngoguqulelo olufutshane lwe-Intanethi yoVavanyo lweAddiction ye-Intanethi eguqulelwe ngokwesondo (s-IATSex, Cronbach's α = 0.83) ( Laier et al., 2013 kwaye UWryry et al., 2015), equkethe i-subscales ezimbini "ukulahlekelwa kolawulo / ulawulo lwexesha" (s-IATSex-1) kunye "neengxaki zentlalo / umnqweno" (s-IATSex-2). Izinto ezilishumi elinesibini ziphendulwe kwisikali ukusuka kwi-1 (= zange) ukuya kwi-5 (= rhoqo kakhulu), ezishwankathelweyo kumanqaku ewonke anamanqaku aphezulu amele ukuthambekela okuphezulu okanye iimpawu eziphezulu ze-IPD, ngokulandelanayo. Umoya jikelele wavavanywa ngeMbuzo yeMood ye-Multidimensional Mood State (MDMQ, iCronbach's α = 0.94) (Steyer, Schwenkmezger, Notz, & Eid, 1997). Izinto ezingamashumi amabini anesine ziphendulwe kwisikali ukusuka kwi-1 (= akukho konke) 5 (= kakhulu), kwaye kuthetha ukuba amanqaku e-subscales "olungileyo-olubi" (MDMQ-oluhle), "uvukile-udiniwe" (MDMQ-awake) , kwaye "i-calm-nervous" (MDMQ-calm) ibalwe. Amanqaku aphezulu amele alungile kunokuba amabi, kunokuba avukile kunokudinwa, kwaye endaweni yokuzola kunomoya wovalo. I-Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI, Cronbach's α = 0.83) yayisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imilinganiselo emine ekhuthazayo yokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi (Reid, Li, Gilliland, Stein, kunye neFong, 2011). Izinto ezilishumi elinesihlanu ziphendulwe kwisikali ukusuka kwi-1 (= ungaze undithande) ukuya kwi-5 (= ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengam), kwaye kuthetha ukuba amanqaku e-subscales "ukuphepha imvakalelo" (PCI-EA), "UkuFumana iSexual Curiosity" (PCI-SC) , "Ukufuna Ulonwabo" (PCI-ES), kunye "nokuzonwabisa ngokwesondo" (PCI-SP) zabalwa. Amanqaku aphezulu abonisa ukukhuthazwa okuphezulu kokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi. Ukubonisa ukuba sesichengeni koxinzelelo, inguqulelo yovavanyo lweTrier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS, Cronbach's α = 0.92) yasetyenziswa (Schulz, Schlotz, & Becker, 2004). Uluhlu lwemibuzo lucela ukubonakaliswa koxinzelelo olucingelwayo kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo ngezinto ezilishumi elinambini ekufuneka ziphendulwe kwisikali ukusuka ku-0 (= zange) ukuya ku-(= rhoqo kakhulu). Amanqaku esimbuku aye abalwa. Amanqaku aphezulu abonisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu olubonwayo. Ngokuhambelana nezifundo zangaphambili ( Laier et al., 2014 kwaye Laier et al., 2015), abantu babuzwa ukuba ngaba basebenzise izicelo ezithile ze-Intanethi ngefomathi yokuphendula "ewe / hayi". Ukuba kunjalo, sibuze ukuba kangaphi (“ngaphantsi kanye ngonyaka”, “kanye ngonyaka nangaphantsi kwenyanga enye”, “kanye ngenyanga nangaphantsi kweveki nganye”, “kanye ngeveki kwaye ngaphantsi kweyodwa ngosuku ", "ubuncinci kanye ngosuku") kwaye ixesha elide ("imizuzu ngokusetyenziswa") basebenzisa isicelo se-cybersex. Amanqaku aqhelekileyo exesha elichithwe ngeveki kwimizuzu kwisicelo ngasinye se-cybersex zibaliwe.
At t2 kunye t3, siye savavanya imo yangoku kunye nokuvuswa ngokwesondo ngaphambi nangemva kokubukela iphonografi ye-Intanethi. Ke ngoko, siwuguqule umyalelo we-MDMQ ukusuka ku-"Ngokuphangaleleyo ndiziva..." ukuya kuthi "Okwangoku, ndiziva..." kwaye sicele abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba baphendule iphepha lemibuzo apha t2 (Cronbach's α = 0.91) kwaye kwi t3 (Cronbach's α = 0.93). Sibale amanqaku athetha i-MDMQ-elungileyo, i-MDMQ-ivukile, kunye ne-MDMQ-zolile t2 kunye t3. Ngaphezu koko, amanqaku edelta (“t3” − “tI-2 ") yayibalwe ukuba imele ukunyuka kwemoya elungileyo (Δ-good), imo yokuvuka (Δ-awake), kunye nokuzola (Δ-calm). Amanqaku aphezulu abonisa ukunyuka okunamandla kwimeko entle, ephapheme, okanye ezolileyo. Njengezibonakaliso zokuvuswa ngokwesondo, abathathi-nxaxheba babonise zombini ukuvuswa kwabo ngokwesondo ngoku kwisikali ukusuka kwi-0 = "engavuswanga ngokwesondo" ukuya kwi-100 = "ivuselelwe ngokwesondo kakhulu" kunye nesidingo sabo sokwenza i-masturbation ukusuka kwi-0 = "akukho mfuneko yokuphulula isondo" ukuya kwi-100 = "isidingo esinamandla kakhulu sokuphulula amaphambili" kwi t2 kunye t3. Amanqaku aphakathi t2 kunye tI-3 yayibalwe, amanqaku aphezulu abonisa ukuvuswa ngokwesondo okunamandla okanye imfuno yokuphulula amalungu entsapho. Amanqaku amabini athetha ngedelta (“t2” − “tI-3 ") yayibalwe ukuba imele ukuncipha kokuvuswa ngokwesondo (Δ-arousal arousal) kunye nokuncipha kwesidingo sokwenza i-masturbate (Δ-isidingo sokwenza i-masturbate). Amanqaku aphezulu abonisa ukuncipha okunamandla kokuvuswa ngokwesondo kunye nesidingo sokuphulula amalungu esini. Ngaphezu koko, abathathi-nxaxheba babuzwa ukuba ngaba bafumana i-orgasm enye okanye ngaphezulu kunye nendlela abaneliseke ngayo bayibona i-orgasm / s (isikali esivela kwi-0 = "ayinelisi kwaphela" ukuya kwi-100 = "iyanelisa kakhulu"). Ukwaneliseka okubonwayo nge-orgasm/s kwasetyenziswa njengesalathisi sokwaneliseka (“ukwanelisa ngokwesondo”).
3. Iziphumo
Iziphumo ezichazayo zeekhweshine zinikiwe 2 Table. Amanqaku aphakathi kwe-s-IAtsex yayingu-21.09 (SD = 0.69, uluhlu: 12-42). I-s-IAtsex ihambelana kakhulu ne-MDMQ-elungileyo (r = - 0.32, p = 0.004), MDMQ-ivukile (r = - 0.29, p = 0.009), MDMQ-zolile (r = - 0.30, p = 0.007), iPCI-EA (r = 0.48, p <0.001), i-PCI-ES (r = 0.40, p <0.001), kunye ne-TICS (r = 0.36, p ≤ 0.001). I-s-IAtsex ayizange inxulumane kakhulu ne-PCI-SC (r = 0.01, p = 0.91) kunye nePCI-SP (r = 0.02, p = 0.85).
Ithebula 2.
Amaxabiso achazayo ekhweshine avavanywa apha t1.
N = 80 | M | SD |
|---|---|---|
s-IAtsex-1 | 11.47 | 4.69 |
s-IAtsex-2 | 9.61 | 3.21 |
MDMQ-ilungile | 3.89 | 0.88 |
MDMQ-uvukile | 3.43 | 0.80 |
MDMQ-zolile | 3.56 | 0.78 |
PCI-EA | 2.19 | 1.08 |
PCI-SC | 2.52 | 0.94 |
PCI-SE | 2.62 | 0.95 |
I-PCI-SP | 4.08 | 0.71 |
TICS | 1.41 | 0.87 |
Ukusuka kwisampulu yabathathi-nxaxheba abangama-66 abalugqibileyo kwakhona uphando kwi t2 kunye tI-3, i-65 ibonise ukuba ukubukela iphonografi kwi-intanethi kwakuhamba kunye ne-masturbation. Ngaphezu koko, i-61 yabathathi-nxaxheba bafumana ubuncinane i-orgasm enye ngelixa bebukele iphonografi kunye ne-masturbating. Abantu abathathu baye babonisa ukuba banamava amabini, kwaye abantu ababini babonise ukuba baye bafumana i-orgasms ezintathu (M = 1.11, SD = 0.41). Aba bantu bane babika ukuba abazange bafumane i-orgasm abazange bafakwe kuhlalutyo olongezelelweyo. Kwisampulu eseleyo yabathathi-nxaxheba be-61, amanqaku aphakathi kwamanqaku apheleleyo e-s-IAtsex M = 20.59, SD = 6.59. Amanqaku aphakathi kwe-s-IAtsex-1 yaba M = 11.12 (SD = 4.70), amanqaku aphakathi kwe-s-IATSex-2 yaba M = 9.39 (SD = 2.79). Amanqaku athetha i-MDMQ-elungileyo, i-MDMQ-ivukile, i-MDMQ-ezolile, ukuvuswa ngokwesondo kunye nesidingo sokuphulula i-masturbate t2 kunye t3 kwakunye neziphumo ze t-uvavanyo lweesampulu ezixhomekeke kunikezelwa 3 Table.
Ithebula 3.
Iziphumo ezichazayo zeekhweshine ezilinganiswe ngo t2 kunye t3 kwakunye neziphumo ze t-uvavanyo lwezinto ezixhomekeke kuzo.
N = 61 | t1 | t2 | t | p | da | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
MDMQ-ilungile | 3.91 | 0.90 | 4.14 | 0.77 | 3.22 | 0.002⁎⁎ | 0.18 |
MDMQ-uvukile | 3.06 | 0.12 | 3.19 | 0.93 | 1.61 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
MDMQ-zolile | 3.74 | 0.85 | 4.20 | 0.56 | 5.23 | <0.001⁎⁎ | 0.60 |
Isini esivusayo | 51.69 | 26.19 | 27.69 | 27.44 | 4.88 | <0.001⁎⁎ | 0.89 |
Kufuneka uphulule amalungu esini | 75.67 | 23.24 | 7.61 | 17.35 | 20.38 | <0.001⁎⁎ | 3.30 |
a
Cohen's d kwiisampuli ezixhomekeke.
⁎⁎
p ≤ 0.01.
Ngokomyinge, ukuncipha kokuvuswa ngokwesondo (Δ-sexual arousal) kwaba M = 24.00 (SD = 38.42), ukuncipha kwesidingo sokwenza i-masturbate (Δ-isidingo sokuphulula amaphambili) M = 68.06 (SD = 26.08). Xa uthabatha t2 ukusuka tI-3, ukunyuka kwemoya elungileyo (Δ-good) yayiyiyo M = 0.23 (SD = 0.54), ukwanda kwemood evukile (Δ-awake) yayi M = 0.12 (SD = 0.59), kunye nokwanda kokuzola (Δ-calm) kwaba M = 0.45 (SD = 0.68). Unxulumano lwePearson phakathi kwamanqaku e-s-IATsex kunye nezalathi zokuvuswa ngokwesondo kunye nomoya t2 kunye tI-3 iboniswe kwi 4 Table.
Ithebula 4.
I-Pearson-ulungelelwaniso lwezalathi ze-Intanethi-iphonografi-yokujonga ukuphazamiseka kunye nezalathi zokuvuswa ngokwesondo kunye neemvakalelo ngaphambili (t2) kunye nokulandelayo (t3) ukubukela i-Intanethi kwindawo yabucala.
N = 61 | s-IATsex | s-IAtsex-1 | s-IAtsex-2 |
|---|---|---|---|
t1 | |||
Isini esivusayo | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.02 |
Kufuneka uphulule amalungu esini | - 0.01 | - 0.03 | 0.02 |
t2 | |||
Isini esivusayo | - 0.11 | - 0.12 | - 0.06 |
Kufuneka uphulule amalungu esini | - 0.06 | 0.06 | - 0.25⁎ |
Δ-Inkanuko yesini | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.06 |
Δ-Kufuneka uphulule amalungu esini | 0.03 | - 0.07 | 0.19 |
t1 | |||
MDMQ-ilungile | - 0.40⁎ | - 0.40⁎⁎ | - 0.27⁎ |
MDMQ-uvukile | - 0.23 | - 0.23 | - 0.17 |
MDMQ-zolile | - 0.41⁎⁎ | - 0.44⁎⁎ | - 0.23 |
t2 | |||
MDMQ-ilungile | - 0.32⁎ | - 0.28⁎ | - 0.29⁎ |
MDMQ-uvukile | - 0.14 | - 0.07 | - 0.22 |
MDMQ-zolile | - 0.35⁎⁎ | - 0.30⁎ | - 0.33⁎⁎ |
Δ-Kuhle | 0.21 | 0.27⁎ | 0.04 |
Δ-Zolile | 0.14 | 0.24 | - 0.09 |
Δ-Zolile | 0.22 | 0.31⁎ | 0.02 |
⁎
p ≤ 0.05 (unxulumano luhluke kakhulu kwi-zero kunye ne-alpha = 5%, i-tailed two).
⁎⁎
p ≤ 0.01 (unxulumano luhluke kakhulu kwi-zero kunye ne-alpha = 1%, i-tailed two).
Ukuvavanya iziphumo zokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto ezikhuthazayo kunye notshintsho kwizalathisi zokuvuswa ngokwesondo kunye neemvakalelo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi ekuqikeleleni ukutyekela kwi-IPD, sibale uhlalutyo olumodareyithiweyo lokubuyela umva kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo eziphambili.Cohen, Cohen, West, & Aiken, 2003). I-s-IAtsex sum score yayiyinto exhomekeke kuyo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-PCI-ES ichaze i-8.90% ye-s-IAtsex, F(1, 59) = 5.79, p = 0.02. Ukongeza ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo (ukwaneliseka okubonwayo nge-orgasm) kwinqanaba lesibini, ukungafani akuzange kunyuke kakhulu, utshintsho kwi-orgasm. R2 = 0.006, utshintsho kwi F(1, 58) = 0.36, p = 0.55. Xa ungena ekusebenzisaneni kwe-PCI-SE kunye nokwaneliseka ngokwesondo, inkcazo ye-s-IATsex yanda kakhulu, utshintsho kwi R2 = 0.075, utshintsho kwi F(1, 57) = 5.14, p = 0.03. Inkcazo iyonke ye-s-IATsex ngokusebenzisa izibikezelo ezintathu zahlala zibalulekile (R2 = 0.17, F(3, 57) = 3.89, p = 0.01). Ukufumana amaxabiso angaphezulu, bona 5 Table.
Ithebula 5.
Uhlalutyo lwe-hierarchical regression kunye ne-s-IATsex sum sum score njengotshintsho oluxhomekeke.
β | T | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
Iziphumo eziphambili "PCI-ES" | 0.32 | 2.61 | 0.01 |
“Ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo” | 0.16 | 1.26 | 0.21 |
"PCI-ES × ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo" | 0.29 | - 2.27 | 0.02 |
Ngenxa yempembelelo ebalulekileyo yentsebenziswano ye-PCI-ES kunye nokwaneliseka ngokwesondo, sihlalutye amathambeka alula ukujongana nomphumo wokumodareyitha ngokubanzi. Ukuthambeka komgca wobuyiselo omele "ukwaneliseka okuphantsi ngokwesondo" (uqikelelo olusekwe kwisifundo sokuqala SD ngaphantsi kwenani leqela) yayahluke kakhulu kunoziro (t = 3.67, p = 0.001). Ukuthambeka komgca wokubuyisela umva omele “ukuvuseleleka okukhulu ngokwesondo” (uqikelelo olusekwe kwisifundo sokuqala SD ngaphezulu kwentsingiselo yeqela) bekungekho kwahluka kakhulu kunoziro (t = 0.48, p = 0.64). Oku kubonisa ukuba i-sum score ye-s-IATsex yayiphezulu ukuba abantu babenenkuthazo ephezulu yokubukela iphonografi kwi-intanethi ukufuna ukuzonwabisa ngokuzimeleyo nokuba ingaba ukwanelisa ngokwesondo kwakuphezulu okanye kuphantsi (bona Ikhiwane. 1).
Umzobo 1.
Ukubonakaliswa kokuhlalutya okumodareyithwayo kokuthotyelwa kwemilinganiselo apho i-sum score ye-s-IATSex yayiyinguqu exhomekeke kuyo. Abantu abafumana ukwaneliseka okuphezulu ngokwesondo xa bebukele iphonografi ye-Intanethi bafumana amanqaku aphezulu kwi-s-IAtsex ngokuzimeleyo kwintshukumisa yabo yokubukela iphonografi kwi-Intanethi. Abantu abafumana inkanuko ephantsi yezesondo bafumana amanqaku aphezulu kwi-s-IAtsex ukuba babukele iphonografi ye-Intanethi ngokufuna imincili.
4. Ingxoxo
4.1. Izigqibo ngokubanzi
Iziphumo eziphambili zophononongo kukuba ukutyekela kwi-IPD kunxulunyaniswa kakubi nokuziva ulungile, uphapheme, kwaye uzolile kunye nokuqinisekileyo kunye noxinzelelo olubonwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokukhuthaza ukusebenzisa iphonografi ye-Intanethi malunga nokufuna ukonwaba kunye nokuphepha ngokweemvakalelo. Ngaphezu koko, kwaboniswa ukuba ukubukela iphonografi ye-Intanethi ngokuzimeleyo kwindawo yangasese kwakukhatshwa ngokumangalisayo kukuncipha okunamandla kokuvusa inkanuko yesini kunye nesidingo sokuphulula amaphambili, kodwa kunye nokwanda kwemood malunga nokuziva ngcono, ukuphaphama ngakumbi kunye nokuzola. Ngapha koko, utyekelo olubhekiselele kwi-IPD lwalunxulumene kakubi nemvakalelo ngaphambi nasemva kokubukela iphonografi ye-Intanethi kunye nokonyuka kokwenyani kokulungileyo nokuzola. Ubudlelwane phakathi kokutyekela kwi-IPD kunye nokufuna ulonwabo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi kwamodareyithwa ngovavanyo lokwaneliseka kwe-orgasm enamava. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iziphumo zophando zihambelana nengcamango yokuba i-IPD idibaniswe nokukhuthaza ukufumana ulwaneliseko lwezesondo kunye nokuphepha okanye ukujamelana neemvakalelo eziphazamisayo kunye nengcamango yokuba ukuguquka kwemizwelo emva kokusetyenziswa koonografi kudibaniswa ne-IPD (i-IPD)Cooper et al., 1999 kwaye I-Laier kunye neBrits, i-2014).
Kwaxelwa kwangaphambili ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi kusetyenziselwa ukujamelana nemeko yokudakumba okanye uxinzelelo kunokuthathwa njengomngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-IPD.Cooper et al., 1999). Ukusukela ukuba siphande isampulu engeyiyo eyeklinikhi, iziphumo ezichazayo zibonisa ukuba aba bantu banika ingxelo ngamanqaku asezantsi obunzima beempawu ze-IPD, uxinzelelo kunye nomoya olungileyo jikelele. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kulindelekile, ukubukela iphonografi kwi-Intanethi kukhokelela ekwandeni kweemvakalelo kunye nokuncipha kokuvuswa ngokwesondo, nakwisampulu engeyiyo yeklinikhi. Iziphumo zokuthi ukutyekela kwi-IPD kunxulunyaniswa kakubi nemvakalelo ngaphambi nangemva kokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kunye notshintsho oluhambelanayo lwemood luhambelana nekhonkco elicingelwayo lokujongana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kunye ne-IPD (Cooper et al., 1999). Ukufaneleka kokumelana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kuphuhliso lwe-IPD kwaphawulwa kwimodeli yamva nje ye-I-PACE (Brand, Young, Laier, Wolfing, et al., 2016). Imodeli ye-I-PACE ithatha ukuba abantu abaneempawu ezininzi eziphambili ezinokubakho banokuzifumana bekwimeko apho baziva becinezelekile, banengxabano yobuqu, okanye bazive benesimo sengqondo esingaqhelekanga. Oku kufuneka kukhokelele kwiimpendulo ezichaphazelayo kunye nezokuqonda, umz. kwimfuno yolawulo lwemood kunye nesigqibo sokusebenzisa usetyenziso oluthile lwe-Intanethi olufana nephonografi ye-Intanethi. Ingcinga yeyokuba ulwaneliseko olufunyenwe ngokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi kuqinisa isitayile esisetyenzisiweyo sokumelana, kodwa ngaphezu koko izizathu ezithile zokubukela iphonografi kunye nokuthambekela kwengqondo okunxulumene ne-Intanethi. Ukunxibelelana kwesizathu esithile sokubukela iphonografi ye-Intanethi kunye nokwaneliseka okubonwayo ekuchazeni iimpawu ze-IPD kubonakaliswa kuhlengahlengiso olumodareyithiweyo, apho ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi ngenxa yokufuna imincili kunye neempawu ze-IPD zamodareyithwa. Uvavanyo lokwaneliseka kwe-orgasm enamava. Abantu abanomdla ophantsi abafuna ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwephonografi kwi-Intanethi kunye nolwaneliseko olusezantsi lokubonwa ngokwesondo baxela ezona ndlela zisezantsi kwi-IPD. Nangona kunjalo, abantu bafumene amanqaku aphezulu kubunzima beempawu ze-IPD ukuba banenkuthazo ephezulu yokusetyenziswa koonografi kwi-Intanethi ngokubhekiselele kulonwabo olufuna ngokuzimeleyo nokuba babonile ukuba ukubukela iphonografi kwi-Intanethi kuyayonelisa okanye hayi. Esi siphumo sinokunxulumana nenye ingqikelelo yemodeli ye-I-PACE, eyile yokuba umlutha wephonografi kwi-Intanethi kufuneka ukhokelele ekwanelisekeni ngexesha elifutshane, kodwa ukuba abanye abantu basemngciphekweni wokufumana inguqu ukusuka kulwaneliseko ukuya kwimbuyekezo njengomlutha. Isangqa siqhubela phambili sikhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwe-cue-reactivity kunye nokukhanga kunye nokunciphisa ukuncipha kolawulo lokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nemiphumo emibi kubomi bemihla ngemihla (Brand, Young, Laier, Wolfing, et al., 2016). Kuba ukuvuswa ngokwesondo kunokuqondwa njengeyona nto iphambili kwaye ke ngoko yomeleza ngamandla (UGeorgiadis noKingelbach, i-2012 kwaye Janssen, 2011) kunye nemvelaphi yeenkqubo zokumisela kumxholo wokulutha (IBerridge, iRobinson, kunye neAldridge, 2009), kunengqiqo ukucinga ukuba ukuvuswa ngokwesondo kunokuqondwa njengento engapheliyo enokuthi idibaniswe neempawu zangaphandle kunye nezangaphakathi zangaphambili ezingathathi hlangothi ezikhokelela kwi-cue-reactivity kunye neziphumo zokufuna ukusabela. Oku kuhambelana nezifundo ezivavanya ulungelelwaniso lwengqondo lweengxaki ezibonwayo ekulawuleni izimilo zesini ezibonisa ukuba umsebenzi womvuzo onxulumene nolwakhiwo lobuchopho kunye nomnqweno obonwa ngokuzimeleyo unxibelelene nokuvezwa kweendlela zesini ezinxulumene nokulutha (I-Brand et al., 2016a kwaye Voon et al., 2014). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iziphumo zihambelana nokuqikelelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi koonografi kwi-Intanethi ukujamelana nemeko yokudakumba okanye uxinzelelo kunokuthathwa njengomngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-IPD. Iziphumo zixhasa uqikelelo oluphambili lwezicwangciso zethiyori zokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi, kodwa ezi zicwangciso kufuneka zicaciswe malunga neendlela ezinegalelo kuphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kokusetyenziswa komlutha wephonografi kwi-Intanethi.
4.2. Izithintelo kunye nezifundo ezizayo
Siye sajongana ne-hypothesis yeklinikhi ngokuphanda isampula engeyiyo yeklinikhi. Kwakhona bekukho umahluko obonakalayo kwisampulu yokuthambekela kwi-IPD, iziphumo kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwisampulu yokufuna uncedo. Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni siqeshe kuphela abantu abavumileyo ukuba baphandwe kanye ngaphambi nangemva kokubukela iphonografi ye-Intanethi ekhaya, ukhetho olunokuthi lwenzekile. Nangona sibuze abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bahlala kubudlelwane, kodwa kungekhona ukuba bahlala kunye neqabane labo. Ngokuthambekela okunokwenzeka oku kufuneka kulawulwe kwizifundo ezizayo. Ngaphaya koko, ukuthambekela okunokwenzeka kwindawo yabucala akukwazanga kulawulwa. Izifundo zexesha elizayo zinokujongana neziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwephonografi kwimood ngokweenkcukacha ezithe kratya (umzekelo, ngezifundo zexesha elide) okanye ngokubhekisele kubasebenzisi ababhinqileyo bephonografi kwi-Intanethi.
Ucaphulo
APA
I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities
(uhlelo lwesi-5)Upapasho lweNgqondo lwaseMelika, Arlington, VA (2013)
I-KC Berridge, i-TE Robinson, yeJW Aldridge
Ukwahlulahlula amacandelo omvuzo: “Ukuthanda”, “ukufuna”, nokufunda
Uluvo lwangoku kwi-Pharmacology, 9 (2009), iphepha 65-73 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2008.12.014
|
|
|
M. Brand, C. Laier, M. Pawlikowski, U. Schächtle, T. Schöler, C. Altstötter-Gleich
Ukubukela imifanekiso engamanyala kwi-Intanethi: Indima yokulinganiswa ngokwesondo kunye neempawu zengqondo zengqondo yokusebenzisa iisayithi zesini ze-Intanethi kakhulu
I-CyberPsychology, ukuziphatha kunye ne-Social Networking, i-14 (2011), iphepha 371-377 http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0222
|
|
M. Brand, J. Snagowski, C. Laier, S. Maderwald
Umsebenzi we-ventral striatum xa ubukele imifanekiso engamanyala ekhethwayo ihambelana neempawu zokulutha iphonografi kwi-Intanethi.
I-NeuroImage, i-129 (2016), iphepha 224-232 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.033
|
|
M. Brand, KS Omncinci, uC. Laier
Ukulawulwa kwangaphambili kunye nokulutha kwi-Intanethi: Imodeli ye-theoretical kunye nokuphononongwa kweziphumo ze-neuropsychological kunye neuroimaging
Imida kwi-Neuroscience yoMntu, i-8 (2014), iphe. 375 http://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00375
M. Brand, K. Young, C. Laier, K. Wolfling, MN Potenza
Ukudibanisa iingqondo zengqondo kunye neurobiological malunga nokuphuhliswa nokugcinwa kweengxaki ezithile zokusebenzisa i-intanethi: Ukusebenzisana komntu ochaphazelekayo-Ukusetyenziswa (I-PACE)
Uphononongo lwe-Neuroscience kunye ne-Biobehavioral, i-71 (2016), iphe. 252-266 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033
|
|
Campbell kunye noKohut, ngo-2016
L. Campbell, T. Kohut
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nefuthe lephonografi kubudlelwane bothando
Uluvo lwangoku kwiPsychology, 13 (2016), iphepha 6-10 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.03.004
J. Cohen, P. Cohen, SG West, LS Aiken
Ukusetyenziswa kohlaziyo oluninzi lokuhlaziya / ukulungiswa kwezesayensi yokuziphatha
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ (2003)
Cooper, D. Delmonico, E. Griffin-Shelley, R. Mathy
Umsebenzi wesondo kwi-Intanethi: Uvavanyo lokuziphatha okunokuba yingxaki
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokunyanzeliswa, 11 (2004), iphepha 129–143 http://doi.org/10.1080/10720160490882642
|
Cooper, DE Putnam, LS Planchon, SC Boies
Ukunyanzeliswa ngokwesondo kwi-Intanethi: Ukubhijela emnatheni
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokunyanzeliswa, 6 (1999), iphepha 79–104 http://doi.org/10.1080/10720169908400182
|
|
Duffy, DL Dawson, R. das Nair
Umlutha wephonografi kubantu abadala: Uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo lweenkcazo kunye nefuthe elixeliweyo
Ijenali yezoNyango lwezesondo, 13 (2016), iphepha 760–777 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.03.002
|
|
FD Garcia, F. Thibaut
Izilingo zesondo
Ijenali yaseMelika yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye notywala, 36 (2010), iphepha 254-260 http://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.503823
|
|
UGeorgiadis noKingelbach, i-2012
JR Georgiadis, ML Kringelbach
Umjikelo wokuphendula ngokwesondo komntu: Ubungqina bokucinga ngengqondo obudibanisa ukwabelana ngesondo nolunye ulonwabo
Inkqubela phambili kwi-Neurobiology, i-98 (2012), iphepha 49-81 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.004
|
|
|
MD Griffiths
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini: Ukuhlaziywa kophando
UPhando lokuXhasa kunye neTheory, 20 (2012), iphepha 111–124 http://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2011.588351
|
|
JB Grubbs, JJ Exline, KI Pargament, F. Volk, MJ Lindberg
Ukusetyenziswa kwephonografi kwi-Intanethi, umlutha obonwayo, kunye nemizabalazo yezenkolo/yokomoya
UVimba wokuziphatha ngokwesondo (2016) http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0772-9
IHald kunye neMalamuth, ngo-2008
GM Hald, NM Malamuth
Imiphumo yokuzibona ebonakalayo yecalaphina yokusetyenziswa
UVimba wokuziphatha ngokwesondo, 37 (2008), iphepha 614–625 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-007-9212-1
|
|
EL Harkness, BM Mullan, A. Blaszczynski
Ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nokuziphatha okunobungozi ngokwesondo kubathengi abadala: uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo
I-CyberPsychology, ukuziphatha, kunye ne-Social Networking, i-18 (2015), iphepha 1-13 http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0343
E. Janssen
Ukuvuswa ngokwesondo kumadoda: Uphononongo kunye nohlalutyo lweengcamango
IiHormones kunye nokuziphatha, i-59 (2011), iphepha 708-716 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.03.004
|
|
|
MP Kafka
I-DSM-IV axis I psychopathology kumadoda ane-non-paraphilic hypersexual disorder
IiNgxelo zangoku zokuLula, 2 (2015), iphepha 202–206 http://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0060-0
I-SW Kraus, V. Voon, MN Potenza
Ngaba ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo kunokuthathwa njengomlutha?
Umlutha, 111 (2016), iphepha 2097-2106 http://doi.org/10.1111/add.13297
|
C. Laier, M. Brand
Ubungqina bokuqina kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwethiyori kwimiba enegalelo kwikhoboka le-cybersex kwimbono yokuziphatha ngokwengqondo
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokunyanzeliswa, 21 (2014), iphepha 305-321 http://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2014.970722
|
|
C. Laier, M. Pawlikowski, J. Pekal, FP Schulte, M. Brand
Umlutha we-Cybersex: Ukuvuswa kwezesondo malunga nolwazi xa ubukela iphonografi kwaye engekho owenene-olwabelana ngesondo noomntu olwabelana ngesondo wenza umehluko
Ijenali yokuzibandakanya kwiimpawu zokuziphatha, i-2 (2013), iphe. 100-107 http://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.002
|
|
C. Laier, J. Pekal, M. Brand
Umlutha we-cybersex kubasebenzisi besini esingafaniyo nesini kwi-Intanethi
I-CyberPsychology, i-Behavior, kunye ne-Social Networking, i-17 (2014), iphepha 505-511 http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0396
|
|
C. Laier, J. Pekal, M. Brand
Unoyolo ngokwesondo kunye nokuphelisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kugqiba ubugqi be-cybersex kumadoda angatshatanga
I-CyberPsychology, i-Behavior, kunye ne-Social Networking, i-18 (2015), iphepha 575-580 http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0152
|
|
T. Love, C. Laier, M. Brand, L. Hatch, R. Hajela
I-Neuroscience ye-intanethi ye-pornography ye-intanethi: uphononongo kunye nohlaziyo
IiSayensi zokuziphatha, i-5 (2015), iphepha 388-433 http://doi.org/10.3390/bs5030388
|
|
G.-J. Meerkerk, RJJM van den Eijnden, HFL Garretsen
Ukuqikelela ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi okunyanzelekileyo: Imalunga nesondo!
ICyberPsychology kunye nokuziphatha, i-9 (2006), iphe. 95-103 http://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.95
|
|
J. Peter, PM Valkenburg
Ngaba ukuvezwa kwezixhobo ze-Intanethi ezibonisa ngokwesondo kwandisa ukunganeliseki komzimba? Uphononongo lwexesha elide
Iikhompyuter kwiZinto eziBantu, i-36 (2014), iphe. 297-307 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.071
|
|
|
UMN Potenza
Ukuziphatha okungekho ziyobisi kumxholo we-DSM-5
I-Adhaviors Behaviors, i-39 (2014), iphe. 1-2 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.004
|
|
|
RC Reid, DS Li, R. Gilliland, JA Stein, T. Fong
Ukuthembeka, ukuthembeka, kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo ye-psychometric yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingamanyala kwisampulu yamadoda abelana ngesondo.
Ijenali yezesondo kunye noNyango lomtshato, 37 (2011), iphepha 359-385 http://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2011.607047
|
|
URosenberg kunye noKraus, ngo-2014
H. Rosenberg, SW Kraus
Ubudlelwane "bokuncamathela okuthandekayo" kwiphonografi kunye nokunyanzeliswa ngokwesondo, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo, kunye nokunqwenela iphonografi
I-Adhaviors Behaviors, i-39 (2014), iphe. 1012-1017 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.010
|
|
|
MW Ross, S.-A. Månsson, K. Daneback
Ukuxhaphaka, ubukhali, kunye nokuhambelana nengxaki yokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi ngokwesondo kumadoda nabasetyhini baseSweden
Uvimba wezokuziphatha ngokwesondo, 41 (2012), iphepha 459-466 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9762-0
|
|
P. Schulz, W. Schlotz, P. Becker
I-Trierer Inventar zum Chronischen Stress (TICS)
Hogrefe, Göttingen (2004)
K. Shaughnessy, ES Byers, SL Clowater, A. Kalinowski
Ukuzivavanya kwezenzo zesondo ezijolise ekuvuseleleni i-intanethi kwiyunivesiti kunye neesampulu zoluntu
Uvimba wezokuziphatha ngokwesondo, 43 (2014), iphepha 1187-1197 http://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0115-z
|
|
J. Snagowski, E. Wegmann, J. Pekal, C. Laier, M. Brand
Ubudlelwane obucacileyo kumlutha we-cybersex: Ulungelelwaniso loVavanyo loMbutho oluNgacacanga ngemifanekiso engamanyala.
I-Adhaviors Behaviors, i-49 (2015), iphe. 7-12 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.009
|
|
|
N. Stanley, C. Barter, M. Wood, N. Aghtaie, C. Larkins, A. Lanau, C. Överlien
Imifanekiso engamanyala, ukunyanzelwa ngokwesini kunye nokuhlukumeza kunye nokuthumelelana iifoto kubantu abancinci kulwalamano olusondeleyo lwabantu: Isifundo saseYurophu
Ijenali yobundlobongela phakathi kwabantu (2016) http://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516633204
R. Steyer, P. Schwenkmezger, P. Notz, M. Eid
Der Mehrdimensionale Befindlichkeitsfragebogen (MDBF)
Hogrefe, Göttingen (1997)
V. Voon, TB Mole, P. Banca, L. Porter, L. Morris, S. Mitchell, … M. Irvine
Ukudibana okungaphakathi kokuziphatha kwakhona kwendalo ngokwesondo kubantu abanokuziphatha okukho ngokwesini okunganyanzelekanga
PloS One, 9 (2014), Inqaku e102419 http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102419
Wéry, J. Billieux
Ingxaki ye-cybersex: Ingqinisiso, uvavanyo kunye nonyango
I-Adhaviors Behaviors, i-64 (2015), iphe. 238-246 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.007
Wéry, J. Burnay, L. Karila, J. Billieux
Uvavanyo olufutshane lwe-Intanethi lwe-Intanethi lwe-Intanethi olulungelelaniswe kwimisebenzi yezesondo kwi-Intanethi: Ukuqinisekiswa kunye namakhonkco kunye nokukhethwa ngokwesondo kwi-Intanethi kunye neempawu zokulutha.
Ijenali yoPhando lwezesondo, i-30 (2015), iphepha 1-10 http://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2015.1051213
KS Omncinci
Umlutha wesini kwi-Intanethi: Imiba yomngcipheko, amanqanaba ophuhliso, kunye nonyango
Isazinzulu sokuziphatha saseMelika, i-52 (2008), iphepha 21-37 http://doi.org/10.1177/0002764208321339
|
|
Umbhali ohambelanayo: Jikelele Psychology: Cognition, University of Duisburg-Essen kunye Centre for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Forsthausweg 2, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
© 2016 Ababhali. Ipapashwe ngu Elsevier BV
Qaphela kubasebenzisi:
Imibhalo yesandla eyamkelweyo ngamanqaku e-Press aphononongwe kwaye amkelwe ukuze apapashwe yiBhodi yoHlelo lwale ncwadi. Okwangoku akukhutshelwanga ukuhlelwa kwaye / okanye kufomathiweyo kwisitayile sokupapashwa kwendlu, kwaye abanakuze basebenze ngokupheleleyo kwi-ScienceDirect, umzekelo, iifayile ezongeziweyo zisenokufuna ukongezwa, amakhonkco kwizethenjwa anokungasombululi okwangoku. isatshintsha ngaphambi kokupapashwa kokugqibela.
Nangona imibhalo yesandla eyamkelweyo ingenazo zonke iinkcukacha zebhayibhile ezikhoyo, zinokukhankanywa kusetyenziswa unyaka wokupapashwa kwi-Intanethi kunye ne-DOI, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umbhali (ababhali), isihloko senqaku, uPapasho (unyaka), i-DOI. Nceda uqhagamshelane nesitayile sombhalo sokubonisa ukuba ezi zinto zivela njani, isifinyezo samagama ejenali kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi.
Xa iqela lokugqibela linikezelwe imiqulu / imiba yoPapasho, i-Article kwi-Press version iya kususwa kwaye inguqu yokugqibela iya kubonakala kwiimpapasho ezipapashweyo / imiba yokupapashwa. Umhla owenziwe kuqala kwinqaku efumaneka kwi-intanethi uya kuqhutywa.
;