J Behav Addict. 2018 Aug 29: 1-6. i-doi: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.66.
UZlot Y1, Goldstein M1, UChenhen K1, Weinstein A1.
Abstract
Imvelaphi kunye neenjongo
Kukho ukusetyenziswa okwandayo kwe-Intanethi kwezothando nezesondo. Iinjongo zolu phononongo yayikukuphanda ngegalelo loxinzelelo lwentlalo kunye nokuziva zifuna ukufikelela kumgangatho wokulutha ngokwesondo phakathi kwabo basebenzisa iisayithi ze-Intanethi zothando.
tindlela
Inani elipheleleyo labathathi-nxaxheba be-279 (abesilisa abangama-128 kunye nabasetyhini abangama-151), beneminyaka yobudala eyi-25 (SD = 2.75) kunye nobudala beminyaka ye-18-38, baphendulwa ngemibuzo kwi-Intanethi. Iphepha lemibuzo libandakanya iinkcukacha zabantu, i-Leibowitz Social Anxcare Scale, i-Zuckerman Sension Ukufuna Isikali, kunye novavanyo lokujonga iziyobisi ngokwesondo (SAST).
iziphumo
Abasebenzisi be-Intanethi abasebenza kwi-Intanethi babonisa amanqaku aphezulu kwi-SAST kunabantu abangasebenzisi. Okwesibini, abathathi-nxaxheba ababenamanqaku asezantsi esiyobisi esini babenamanqaku asezantsi enkxalabo kunabathathi-nxaxheba abanamanqaku aphezulu okulutha. Akukho mehluko wokufumana amanqaku-wokufumana amanqaku phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abanamanqaku asezantsi kunye aphezulu amanqanaba okufumana iziyobisi ngokwesondo.
Ingxoxo kunye nezigqibo
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonisa ukuba ukuxhalaba ekuhlaleni kunokufuna imizwa okanye isini yinto echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi ukuthandana izicelo zokufumana amaqabane ezesondo.
IZIQINISEKILEYO: Ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo; Ukufuna iimvakalelo iziyobisi ngokwesini; ixhala kwintlalo
PMID: 30156117
I-DoI: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.66
intshayelelo
Ukulukuhla ngokwesini okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubonakalayo kubonakaliswa yimfuno enyanzelekileyo yokwanelisa ngokukhawuleza iminqweno yesini (Amakha, 2001). Iindlela zokuchonga ezininzi ziphakanyisiwe ukuba zikhobeswe ngokwesondo kodwa azingqinisiswa ngokwesayensi. Ukunqongophala kobungqina obunamandla bokuba likhoboka lesondo sisiphumo sokungabikho kwesi sifo ngokupheleleyo kwiinguqulelo zika I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (DSM). Uphando olwenziweyo malunga nokuziphatha okubi ngakumbi luye lwanda kule minyaka idlulileyo kwaye oku kukhokelele kumdla omkhulu wokuwuchaza njengento ekuziphatha ngayo (UKarila et al., 2014). Iziyobisi ziluquka uluhlu lwemisebenzi ebandakanya ukuphulula amalungu esini ngokudlwengula, ukubukela iphonografi kwi-Intanethi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi ye-cybersex ekhokelela kwimpilo engentle, nemiphumela yengqondo nengokoqoqosho (UKarila et al., 2014). Nangona kukho umdla okhulayo wokulutha ngokwesondo kuphando nakwindlela yezonyango, ayiqwalaselwa njengengqondo yengqondo ngohlelo lwesihlanu lwe-DSM (DSM-5; Umbutho we-Psychiatric Association, i-2013). Zimbalwa izifundo zesifo esiye sachaphazeleka kunye neziphakamiso ezininzi zeendlela zokuxilongwa kwaye ke kunzima ukuqikelela ukubakho kwale nto. Ubukho boqikelelo lwezifo zesini ziyahluka phakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-16.8% kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo, ngelixa kwizifundo ezininzi kuqikelelwa phakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-6% kubantu abadala ngokubanzi (UKarila et al., 2014). Kuphando olwenziweyo ngabantu be-2,450 abavela kuluntu ngokubanzi lwaseSweden, i-12% yamadoda kunye ne-6.8% yabasetyhini yachongwa njenge-hypersexual (I-Långström kunye neHanson, 2006), ngelixa eMelika, ukuxhaphaka kweziyobisi ngokwesondo kuqikelelwa njenge-3% -6% (Amakha, 1992).
Ngaphaya kwe-USA, i-45% yabantu baseMelika basebenzisa izicelo kwiselfowni kunye ne-7% yabo bayisebenzisela injongo yokuthandana (USmith kunye noDuggan, ngo-2013). Ababhali bayichaze ukuba xa beqhuba isifundo sabo sokuqala online ukuthandana, ukukhutshwa kwe-iPhone yayisekuyiminyaka ye-2 kwixa elizayo. Namhlanje ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabo bonke abantu abadala baseMelika abanikazi be-smartphone, kwaye ukuthandana kuqhutywa kwi-smartphone. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi ukuthandana kuyathandwa kubantu abakwi-20's de kube phakathi kwi-30's (USmith kunye noDuggan, ngo-2013). Kutshanje, kukho ukusetyenziswa okwandayo kwe-Intanethi- ukuthandana izicelo kwii-smartphones ngenjongo yesondo, eyile njengeqonga lokufumana amaqabane ezesondo. Siphande ubudlelwane phakathi online ukuthandana kunye neziyobisi ngokwesondo. Okwesibini, kukho ubungqina be-anecdotal kunye neklinikhi yokuba abantu abanobukhoboka bezesondo ngokufanayo nabantu abaxhomekeke kwichiza bakwenza oko ngenjongo yokufumana ulangazelelo okanye uvuyo (Fong, 2006; IPerry, iAccordino, kunye neHewes, ngo-2007). Ke ngoko, isifundo siphande ngendima yoluvo lokufuna phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa i-intanethi-ukuthandana izicelo. Okokugqibela, ixhala kwezentlalo linxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-Intanethi (Umalusi kunye no-Edelmann, ngo-2005; Weinstein, uDorani, et al., 2015). Siphinde saphanda ukuba ingaba ixhala loluntu liba negalelo kumkhwa wezesondo phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa i-intanethi-ukuthandana izicelo. Xa ujonga ubungqina obukhulayo bokwahluka kwezesondo emadodeni nakwababhinqileyo ababhinqileyo ngokwesini (Weinstein, Zolek, Babkin, Cohen, kunye neLejoyeux, 2015), bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini babandakanyiwe kolu phando ukuze kuhlolwe umahluko wesini phakathi kwaba bantu. Kwakucingelwa ukuba ukufuna imizwa, uxinzelelo lwentlalo, kunye nesondo kuya kuba negalelo lokwahluka kwamanqaku okulutha ngokwesondo phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa izicelo zokuthandana kwi-Intanethi kunye nee-smartphones.
tindlela
Inani elipheleleyo labathathi-nxaxheba be-284 laqokelelwa kolu phando, kodwa abathathi-nxaxheba abahlanu abazalisekisi iikhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa kwaye abakhutshelwa ngaphandle. Abathathi-nxaxheba bebekhe babandakanywa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubandakanya ukubakho kwimbali yoqwalaselo lwe-hyperactivity (ADHD) olwalunyangwa nge-methylphenidate, ukonakala kwemithambo, ukuthatha amayeza achaphazela i-CNS, ukonakala kwemithambo, usulelo olunokuthi luchaphazele i-CNS (HIV, syphilis, ne-herpes) ), ukukhulelwa, okanye ubudala phantsi kweminyaka ye-18. Iikhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa yayiminyaka yobudala be-18-45 yamadoda kunye nabasetyhini abahlala besebenzisa i-Intanethi. Isampulu yokugqibela yabandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba be279, apho i-128 yayingamadoda (i-45.9%) kunye ne-151 yayingabasetyhini (54.1%). Ngokubanzi iminyaka yobudala yayiyiminyaka ye-25 (SD = 2.75) kunye nobudala beminyaka yayili-19-38 iminyaka. Iminyaka yobudala yamadoda yayiyiminyaka engama-25.75 (SD = 2.83) kwaye kwabasetyhini yayiyiminyaka engama-24.5 (SD = 2.55). Amashumi amane eepesenti abathathi-nxaxheba basebenzise izicelo zokuthandana kwixa elidlulileyo nakwangoku kwaye ama-60% akakhange enze njalo. Phakathi kwamadoda, i-50.8% isebenzise izicelo zokuthandana kwaye i-49.2% ayizisebenzisanga. Phakathi kwabafazi, i-68.2% isebenzise izicelo zokuthandana kwaye i-31.8% ayizisebenzisanga. Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba bazichaze njengabesini esahlukileyo (i-89.2%), ngelixa i-4.7% yayingamafanasini kwaye i-5.7% yayingabantu abathandanayo. Inxalenye ephambili yesampulu yangoku yayinemvelaphi yokufunda okanye elinganayo yemfundo (70.2%) kwaye isampulu eseleyo yayineminyaka eli-12 yokufunda ubuncinci. Ukongeza, inxenye encinci yabathathi-nxaxheba ibingasebenzi (30.1%), uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba lusebenze kwizikhundla ezingesosigxina (48.7%), okanye kwimisebenzi esisigxina (21.1%).
Amanyathelo
| (1) | Umbuzo wemibuzo yabantu ubandakanya izinto ezokwabelana ngesondo, ubudala, inkcubeko ngesondo, imeko yomtshato, uhlobo lokuphila, inkolo, imfundo, ingqesho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesicelo sokuthandana. |
| (2) | Umgangatho weXhala leXhala leLiebowitz (I-Liebowitz, i-1987) iphepha lemibuzo elinika ingxelo elinokulinganisa uloyiko kunye nokuphepha iimeko zentlalo. Ibandakanya izinto ezingama-24, ze ezili-13 zichaze iimeko zentlalo (umz.,ukujonga abantu ongabazi kakuhle emehlweni") Kunye no-11 bachaza uxinzelelo lwentsebenzo (umzekelo,"uchama kwigumbi lokuhlambela"). Kwinto nganye, izifundo zazicelwe ukuba zizalise isikali ezimbini: (a) isikali sokuxhalaba okanye uloyiko oluvela kwi1 (hayi akunjalo) kwi4 (kakhulu kakhulukunye (b) namaxabiso okuphepha imeko aqala kwi-1 (ze) kwi4 (rhoqo). Iphepha lemibuzo laqinisekiswa ngu-Heimberg (1999) Ukubonisa ukuthembeka kweCronbach's α ukuthembeka kwe .951. Kolu phando, i-Cronbach's α yayiyi-.96. |
| (3) | Isikali Sokufuna umGangatho (SSS; UZuckerman, Kolin, Ixabiso, kunye neZoob, ngo-1964) kubandakanya izinto ze-40 apho abathathi-nxaxheba kuye kwafuneka bakhethe phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ezichaseneyo. Kwakukho iimpawu ezine zobuntu ezibandakanya: ukubhengeza, ukubekeka amangqina, ukuBuyisa kunye nokuKhangela, kunye nokuKhangela amava. Iphepha lemibuzo laqinisekiswa nguArnett (1994) bonisa ukuthembeka kweCronbach α ukuthembeka kwe .83-.86. Kolu phononongo, bekukho i-Cronbach's α ye .80. Ukuxhomekeka kwe-Cronbach's subs subscale nganye yayiyi-α = .35 yokutsala nzima, α = .80 yovuyo kunye nokukhangela i-adventure, α = .57 yokufuna amava, kunye ne-α = .66 yokufumana ubungqina. |
| (4) | Kuvavanyo lwesondo lweSondo elingelolokwabelana ngesondo (SAST; Amakha, 1991) kubandakanya izinto ezingama-25 ezinemibuzo engu-ewe-hayi. Kukho iindidi ezine, ezizezi Ukuchaphazela ukuphazamiseka (umzekelo,Ngaba uziva ngathi indlela oziphethe ngayo ngokwesondo ayiqhelekanga?"), Ukuphazamiseka kobudlelwane (umz. “Ngaba indlela oziphethe ngayo ngokwesondo ikhe yakubangela iingxaki kuwe nakwintsapho yakho? ”), Ukuzixakekisa (umzekelo, “Ngaba uhlala ufumana iingcinga zesini?") Ulahleko lolawulo (umzekelo, “Ukhe wazama ukuyeka uhlobo lwezesondo kwaye akaphumelela?"), Kunye neNxalenye ezinxulumene nazo (imbali yokuxhatshazwa, iingxaki zesondo zabazali, kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwabantwana). Umbuzo ubuqinisekisiwe nguHok, Hook, Davis, Worthington, noPenberthy (2010) bonisa ukuthembeka kweCronbach α ukuthembeka kwe .85-.95. Kolu phononongo, bekukho i-Cronbach's α ye .80. I-SAST ayigunyaziswanga ukubonakalisa nayiphi na idatha yodidi, kwaye isetyenzisiwe njengokwahluka okuqhubekayo kodwa ingeyiyo eyokuhlelwa kwabantu abebesabelana ngesondo. |
Procedure
Amaphepha emibuzo ayepapashwa kwi-intanethi kwinethiwekhi zentlalo kunye neeforamu ezazinikelwe ukuba zithandane kunye nezesondo. Abathathi-nxaxheba baphendule iphepha lemibuzo kwi-Intanethi. Baxelelwa ukuba isifundo siphanda umlutha wesini kunye nokuba imibuzo eza kuhlala ingaziwa ngenjongo yophando.
Uhlalutyo lweenkcukacha kunye nedatha
Uhlalutyo lweziphumo zenziwa kwi-Statistical Package yeSayensi yezeNtlalontle kunye ne-AMOS yeefestile v.21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lwe-Kolmogorov-Smirnov kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwenziwa ngoxinzelelo lwentlalo, ukujonga imizwa, kunye nenqaku lokufumana iziyobisi ngokwesondo. Ukusukela ukufuna iimvakalelo kunye namanqaku okulutha ngesondo bekungasasazwa ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ezi zinto zixabisekileyo zaguqulwa. Idatha ebhekisa kwisini, ubudala, inkcubeko yokwabelana ngesondo, imeko yomtshato, uhlobo lokuphila, inkolo, imfundo, ingqesho, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezicelo zokuthandana zahlaziywa kusetyenziswa iPearson's2 vavanyo.
Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo lwentlalo kunye nokulutha ngokwesondo baphicothwa kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lokwahlukahlukana kunye neqela lezinto ezixhalabisayo zentlalo ezahlulahlulwe zangamanqanaba amane amanqaku, njengokungabinakho ukulukuhla ngokwesini, ukulutha ngokwesondo okuncinci, ukulutha ngokwesini phakathi Ukulandela ukuthelekisa kwe-hoc, t-Ivavanyo zisetyenziselwe ukuthelekisa amanqaku ezikolo ezinoxinzelelo kunye nenqaku lokufumana amanqaku phakathi kwawo onke amaqela abathathi-nxaxheba.
Zokuziphatha
Olu phando lwamkelwe yiBhodi yokuHlola amaZiko (i-IRB, iKomiti yeHelsinki) yeDyunivesithi yaseAriel. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba basayine ifomu yemvume enolwazi.
iziphumo
Amanqaku okuxhalaba kwezentlalontle ayephakathi kwaye aqhelekileyo ahanjiswa (nditsho = 1.84, SD = 0.5), kodwa amanqaku ekufuneni kwemvakalelo (kuthetha = 55.52, SD = 6.14) kunye neziyobisi zesini (kuthetha = 4.59, SD = 3.72) iphepha lemibuzo lalingenangqondo kwaye zazingaguquki zineengcambu ukuze zisasazwe ngokwesiqhelo.
Akukho ziphumo zesini [t(1, 282) = 0.75, p = NS], amanqanaba emfundo [t(1, 277) = 0.68, p = NS], imeko yengqesho [t(2, 279) = 1.28, p = NS], uhlobo lokuphila [t(1, 280) = 0.19, p = NS], okanye ubudala (r = -10, p = NS) kumanqaku okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Ukongeza, kwakungekho unxibelelwano lubalulekileyo phakathi kwe-SSS subscales ye-disinhibition (M = 14.4, SD = 2.4, r = .07, p = NS), ukonwaba kunye nokufuna ukuzonwabisaM = 15.5, SD = 2.95, r = -10, p = NS), kunye namava okufuna (M = 15.18, SD = 2.11, r = .04, p = NS) ngamanqaku eSAST. Nangona kunjalo, unxibelelwano oluqinisekileyo lwafunyanwa phakathi kokukwazi ukukruquka (M = 13.16, SD = 1.71) ngenqaku elipheleleyo le-SAST (r = .10, p <.05).
Amanqaku kwiphepha lemibuzo loNgcakazo lweSini abonise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba be-28 (10%) babonisa ukunganxili ngokwesini, abathathi-nxaxheba be101 (36.2%) babonisa inqanaba elincinci lokulutha ngesondo, abathathi-nxaxheba be52 (18.6%) babonisa inqanaba eliphakathi lokulutha ngokwesondo, kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba be98 (35.1 %) ubonise inqanaba eliphezulu lokulutha ngokwesondo ngokulandela imigaqo echazwe nguCarnes (1991). Ngokweemilinganiselo zokulutha ngokwesondo, abathathi-nxaxheba be24 babonisa ukugxila, abathathi-nxaxheba be9 babonisa ukulahleka kolawulo kunye nokuphazamiseka kobudlelwane, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba be50 baxela ukuphazamiseka. Iipesenti ezingama-90 zabathathi-nxaxheba baxela ukuba akukho gwenxa ngokwesini kwixa elidlulileyo. Phakathi kwabasetyhini, i-17.9% ixele ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ngexesha lokukhula okanye ebusheni, ngelixa phakathi kwamadoda ireythi yayisezantsi kakhulu (i-0.8%).
Thelekisa amanqaku okulutha ngesondo phakathi kwabo basebenzise izicelo zothando (kuthetha = 5.15, SD = 3.49) kunye nabo bangakhange basebenzise (kuthetha = 4.21, SD = 3.83) ibonise umahluko phakathi kweqela kumaqondo okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo [t(1, 277) = 2.086, p <.05]. Okwesibini, abathathi-nxaxheba ababenamanqaku asezantsi okulutha ngokwesondo babenamanqaku asezantsi oxinzelelo lwentlalo kunabathathi-nxaxheba abanamanqaku aphezulu okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo [t(1, 228) = −3.44, p <.01]. Itheyibhile 1 bonisa amanqaku amaninzi ekuxhalabeni kwezentlalo kunye nokuziva ufuna ngokubhekisele kwisiyobisi.
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Ithebula 1. Amanqaku oxinzelelo lwasentlalweni [kuthetha (SD)] kunye nokuziva uziva [SD)] ngokunxulumene nesiyobisi
Phezulu (n = 101 XNUMX) | Phakathi (n = 52 XNUMX) | Ncinci (n = 101 XNUMX) | Akukho nanye (n = 28 XNUMX) | Inqanaba lokulutha ngokwesondo | F-vavanya (F) | p inani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inqanaba lokulutha ngokwesondo | 1.73 (0.47) | 1.72 (0.41) | 1.84 (0.49) | 1.98 (0.55) | 5.28 | .001 |
| Ukukhangela | 56.85 (6.79) | 57.89 (5.85) | 59.73 (6.64) | 58.35 (6.03) | 1.59 | .190 |
Phawula. I-SD: ukusuka kumngangatho.
ingxoxo
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonisa ukulinganiswa okuphezulu kweziyobisi phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa izicelo zokuthandana ngesondo kwi-Intanethi. Akukho kunxibelelana phakathi kwamanqanaba okukhangela kwimvakalelo kunye nokulutha ngokwesini. Okokugqibela, asifumananga mahluko okwabelana ngesondo phakathi kweziyobisi kwisampuli yethu, ngokungafaniyo nesifundo sethu sangaphambili kwi-cybersex kunye nephonografi (Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015).
Izifundo zangaphambili zibonise ezinye zeengqondo zengqondo zeziyobisi zesondo, kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwemozulu, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo (UGarcia kunye noThobaut, ngo-2010; IMick kunye neHollander, ngo-2006; I-Semaille, i-2009), Uxinzelelo lwentlalo, dysthymia, ADHD (Bancroft, 2008), ichaphazele ukungasebenzi kakuhle (I-Weiss kunye neSamenow, ngo-2010kunye noxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzeleloAmakha, 1991). Uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo zixhaphakile kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha, ezinjengokungcakaza kwe-pathological (Iilorini, iCowlishaw, kunye noThomas, 2011), ukuthenga okunyanzelekileyo (UMueller et al., 2010; I-Weinstein, Mezig, Mizrachi, kunye neLejoyeux, 2015), Isiyobisi se-Intanethi (UKaess et al., 2014; UKo et al., 2014; Weinstein, uDorani, et al., 2015), kunye nokulutha iziyobisi (Weinstein, Maayan, kunye noWeinstein, 2015). Akucaci ukuba indlela yokuziphatha kweziyobisi ziyindlela egwenxa yokuphelisa ukudakumba okanye uxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo loxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo ngenxa yesimo sokuziphatha. Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-Intanethi phakathi kwamadoda aseMzantsi Korea sele kusunguliwe (Cho, Sung, Shin, Lim, & Shin, 2013) kunye nokwanda koxinzelelo, intiyo, kunye nokuxhalaba ekuhlaleni ekufumaneni umlutha we-Intanethi phakathi kwabakwishumi elivisayo kuye kwathiwa (UKo et al., 2014). Ngokuchasene noko, uxinzelelo, intiyo, kunye noxinzelelo lwentlalo lwehla kwinkqubo yokuxolelwa. Asifumananga umehluko wesini kwikhoboka lesini phakathi kwesampulu yethu, ngokungafaniyo nesifundo sethu sangaphambili kwi-cybersex kunye nephonografi (Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015). Kuyabonakala ukuba phakathi kwabantu abathandanayo kwi-Intanethi, kukho ukulingana ngakumbi phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi. Kuyabonakala ukuba indlela abantu abajonga ngayo ngokwesini, eyamadoda ngakumbi kwaye bayayinyanzela ngokwesini, ayimeli isizukulwana esincinci esilinganayo nenenkululeko.
Indawo ebonakalayo yokuthandana ilula kwaye ifikeleleke ngakumbi kunehlabathi lokwenyani kwaye igcwele ngamathuba amatsha abantu abahlukeneyo abanomdla kulwalamano ngenjongo yezesondo kubandakanya abo banokulutha ngokwesini. Umzekelo, esinye sezicelo zokwenza ukuba umntu afowune enze ukuba umsebenzisi afumane abasebenzisi besicelo ngaphakathi kumgama othile kwaye unokuba luncedo ukuba uhamba ngololiwe ukhangela iqabane lakho lesini. Ukwabelana ngesondo kwi-Intanethi kubandakanya ukubukela, ukukhuphela i-Intanethi kwimifanekiso engamanyala, okanye ukusebenzisa igumbi lokuncokola ukuze udlale indima kunye nemidlalo yabantu abadala (Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, kunye Mathy, 2004; Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015; Oselula, 2008). I-Intanethi yindawo ekhuselekileyo yokuphononongwa ngokwesondo kunye nokusebenza ngokwesondo okukhuselekileyo ngokwasemzimbeni kunokusebenza ngokwesondo ebomini bokwenyani (I-Griffiths, i-2012). Abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ngokwesini banobunzima bokulawula iminqweno yabo kwaye bahlala benembali yeziyobisi, notywala, kunye notywala e-nicotine (UKarila et al., 2014), eneziphumo ezibi kwisibini sabo nakwintsapho yabo (Schneider, 2003; Manning, 2006). I-Carnes (2001) I-Intanethi yabantu abakhobelana ngesondo ifana ne-cocaine ye-crack yabaxhaphazi be-psychostimulant. Cooper okqhubekayo. (2004) ababengamanye amaqela oovulindlela abaphandi bokulutha ngokwesini kwi-Intanethi bafumanise ukuba abantu abakhobelana ngesondo banokuchitha i-11 hr kwi-intanethi ngeveki kwaye bafumane iingxaki kwezinye izinto zobomi. Abanye abafumananga unxibelelwano phakathi kweengxaki zobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nexesha elichithwe kwi-Intanethi kwiindawo zoononografi. Okokugqibela, ukuthatha umngcipheko ngokwesondo (IBancroft et al., 2003; IBancroft kunye neVukadinovic, 2004; IKalichman kunye neRompa, ngo-1995, 2001) kunye nokufuna ukonwaba ngesondo (IKalichman kunye neRompa, ngo-1995; I-Zuckerman, 1979) zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nokuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo (UHoyle, uFefjar, kunye noMiller, 2000). Aba basebenzi baye basetyenziswa ekuziphatheni okunxulunyaniswa nesifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, ukuba namaqabane amaninzi, isondo esingakhuselekanga, ukukhulelwa okungacwangciswanga, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngengqondo (IHayaki, uAnderson, kunye noStein, 2006; UJustus, uFinn, kunye noSteinmetz, 2000; I-Lejuez, Simmons, Aklin, Iintombi, kunye ne-Dvir, 2004; I-Teese kunye noBradley, ngo-2008; Ukutywina kunye neAgostinelli, 1994). Iziphumo zophononongo zibonisa ukungadibani phakathi kokufuna uvakalelo kunye nemilinganiselo yokulutha ngesondo kwabo basebenzise izicelo zothando. Kungenzeka ukuba eyona nto iphambili kubathathi-nxaxheba yethu yayikukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwentlalo kunokuba bandise imincili okanye uvakalelo lokufuna. Ukulutha ngokwesondo kwindawo yokuthandana kunokuba yinto yokuzama ukufumana ubuhlobo nabantu abaneengxaki zokusondelana kunokuba wonwabe. Kubonakala ngathi abasebenzisi bezicelo ezikwi-intanethi zokuthandana bayazibandakanya ekuhlaleni kwaye azibeki emngciphekweni ngokukhawuleza kunokuba batyebelana ngesondo.
Imida
Olu phando lusebenzise uphando olusekwe kwi-Intanethi olungaziwa kakhulu kodwa olunolawulo lokuthenjwa kwemibuzo. Kuyabonakala ukuba ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwentlalo kunye noloyiko, abathathi-nxaxheba bebenganyanisekanga ngokupheleleyo okanye bengaphenduli malunga neempendulo zabo. Okwesibini, asivavanyi ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwesicelo sokuthandana kwaye inokuba sisiphithiphithi esididayo.
izigqibo
Olu phando luzame ukongeza kulwazi lwethu olukhoyo malunga nokulutha ngokwesondo, ulwazi malunga nentsingiselo yesiqhelo yale mihla yokuthandana kwabantu kwi-Intanethi kusetyenziswa ii-smartphones. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba inkxalabo yezentlalo kunokufuna imvakalelo yinto enkulu enegalelo kwikhoboka lezesondo phakathi kwaba bantu. Kusekho imiba ekufuneka icacisiwe njengokubonana kwi-Intanethi phakathi kwabo banamaqabane amaninzi ezesondo okanye abathandana, abantu abanjengoongqingili, abantu abathandana nabanye besini esinye, abantu abathandanayo, kunye nabantu abanyanga abantu abanyanga ngokwesini. Eminye imiba ephakamayo kolu phononongo kukunyibilika kweminye imeko yengqondo, njengokuphazamiseka komntu (umda womda, ubuhlanga obuchaphazela abanye, kunye nabanye). Ngokungafaniyo nesiyobisi kunye notywala, kubonakala ngathi kunzima ukuphepha isenzo sesini njengomzekelo wonyango ngokungakhathali; ngenxa yoko, unyango lokulutha ngesondo kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ubunzima kunye nokubaluleka kwesidingo sokufezekisa i-sex drive kuluntu lwale mihla.
Igalelo labalobi
Bonke abantu kubandakanya ababhali bophononongo banegalelo elikhulu kwinkqubo yesayensi ekhokelela ekubhaleni iphepha. Ababhali banegalelo ekuqondweni nasekuyilweni kweprojekthi, ukusebenza kovavanyo, ukuhlalutya nokutolika iziphumo, kunye nokulungiselela ukubhalwa kwemibhalo ebhaliweyo.
Ukugqubana kwemidla
Ababhali abanamdla okanye imisebenzi enokuthi ibonakale inefuthe kuphando (umzekelo, umdla wemali kuvavanyo okanye kwinkqubo kunye nenkxaso mali ziinkampani zamayeza zophando). Baxela ukuba akukho kungqubana kwemidla ngokubhekisele kolu phando.
Imibulelo
Olu phononongo lwalunikelwe kwintlanganiso ye-ICBA ye-3rd e-Geneva Switzerland ngo-Matshi 2016.
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