Ukwabelana ngesondo kunye neNkcubeko
i-1-15
Emmers-Sommer, Tara M.
Qhagamshela kwi-abstract
Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to examine the associations among gender and reasons for pornography consumption as well as attitudinal impacts. One hundred and forty-three participants, ranging in age from 18 to 48 (M = 21.22), participated in an online study at a large, southwestern university. Seventy-six of these participants identified as current consumers of pornography and are the primary focus of the analyses. Findings indicate that regardless of gender, pornography is preferably consumed in a solitary fashion for masturbatory purposes with a perceived positive physical, but not psychological, sexual satisfying impact for the self as well as for the consuming partner. Further, regarding attitudinal impacts, current male consumers of pornography report significantly higher adversarial sexual beliefs, rape myth acceptance and sexual conservatism than do current female consumers of pornography. Discussion and future directions follow.
Keywords – Gender Pornography Reasons Attitudes
Ucaphulo Abelson, R. P. (1981). Psychological status of the script concept. Ingcali yengqondo yaseMelika, 36, 715-729.CrossRef Google Allen, M., Emmers, T. M., Gebhardt, L. J., & Giery, M. (1995). Exposure to pornography and acceptance of rape myths: A research summary using meta-analysis. Ijenali yoNxibelelwano, 45 (1), 5-26.CrossRef Google American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). New York: American Psychological Association.Google Burt, MR (1980). Iintsomi zenkcubeko kunye nenkxaso yodlwengulo. I-Journal of Personality and Psychology, 39, 217-230.CrossRef Google Byers, E. S. (1996). How well does the traditional sexual script explain sexual coercion? review of a program of research. In E. S. Byers & L. F. Sullivan (Eds.), Sexual coercion in dating relationships (pp. 7–26). New York: Haworth Press.Google Cohen, J. (1992). I-primer yamandla. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-159.CrossRef Google Corne, S., Briere, J., & Esses, L. (1992). Women’s attitudes and fantasies about rape as a function of early exposure to pornography. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7, 454-461.CrossRef Google Emmers-Sommer, T. M. (2002). Sexual coercion and resistance in M. Allen, R. Preiss, Gayle, & N. Burrell (Eds.), Interpersonal communication: Advances in meta-analysis. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah (pp. 315–343).Google Emmers-Sommer, T. M., Farrell, J., Gentry, A., Stevens, S., Eckstein, J., Battocletti, J., et al. (2010). First date sexual expectations, sexual- and gender-related attitudes: The effects of who asked, who paid, date location, and gender. Izifundo zoNxibelelwano, 61, 339-355.CrossRef Google Emmers-Sommer, T. M., Hertlein, K., & Kennedy, M. A. (2013). Pornography use and attitudes: An examination of relational and sexual openness variables between and within gender. Ukuphononongwa koMtshato noSapho, 49, 349-365.CrossRef Google Emmers-Sommer, T. M., Triplett, L., Pauley, P., Hanzal, A., & Rhea, D. (2005). The impact of film manipulation on men and women’s attitudes toward women and film editing. ImiSebenzi yezesondo, i-52 (9-10), 683-695.CrossRef Google Hammaren, N., & Johansson, T. (2007). Hegemonic masculinity and pornography: Young people’s attitudes toward and relations to pornography. Journal of Men’s Studies, 15, 57-71.CrossRef Google Hynie, M., Lydon, J. E., Cote′, S., & Wiener, S. (1998). Relational sexual scripts and women’s condom use: The importance of internalized norms. Umbhalo woPhando loSondo, 35, 370-380.CrossRef Google Kohut, T., Baer, J. L., & Waits, B. (2016). Is pornography really about “making hate to women”? Pornography users hold more gender egalitarian attitudes than nonusers in a representative American sample. Umbhalo woPhando loSondo, 53, 1-11.CrossRef Google ILambert, NM, Negash, S., Stillman, TF, Olmstead, SB, kunye neFincham, FD (2012). Uthando olungapheliyo: Ukusetyenziswa kwamanyala kunye nokuzibophelela okubuthathaka kumaqabane akho athandanayo. Ijenali yezeNtlalontle kunye nezeSayensi yezeMpilo, 31, 410-438.CrossRef Google Liberatore, S. (2017). More women watch porn on smartphones than men: Pornhub reveals 80% of its female viewers use mobile devices. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/women-watch-porn-mobile-phones9997081 . Accessed June 9, 2017. McKee, A. (2005). Ukuchaswa kwabasetyhini kwividiyo eziqhelekileyo ezise-Australia. Umbhalo woPhando loSondo, 42, 277-290.CrossRef Google Metts, S., & Spitzberg, B. H. (1996). Sexual communication in interpersonal contexts: A script-based approach. In B. R. Burleson (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 19 (iphe. 49-91). Amawaka ama-Oaks: uSage.Google Morris, C. (2015). Things are looking up in America’s porn industry. http://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/things-are-looking-americas-pornindustryn289431 . Ifikeleleke ngoMeyi 17, 2017. Poulsen, F. O., Busby, D. M., & Gallovan, A. M. (2013). Pornography use: Who uses it and how it is related to couple outcomes. Umbhalo woPhando loSondo, 50, 72-83.CrossRef Google Roberts, S. (2015). https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/movies/candida-royalle-maker-of-x-rated-films-dies-at-64.html?_r=0 . Accessed June 12, 2017. Romito, P., & Beltramini, L. (2011). Watching pornography: Gender differences, violence and victimization. An exploratory study in Italy. Ubundlobongela Kwabesetyhini, 17, 1313-1326.CrossRef Google Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. H. (1984). Sexual scripts. Society, 22, 53-60.Google Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. H. (1987). Sexual scripts: Permanence and change. Iingxelo zoLuntu, 15, 97-120.CrossRef Google Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. H. (2003). Sexual scripts: Origins, influences and changes. Qualitative Sociology, 26, 491-497.CrossRef Google Stack, S., Wasserman, I., & Kern, R. (2004). Adult social bonds and the use of Internet pornography. Social Science Quarterly, 85, 75-88.CrossRef Google Staley, C., & Prause, N. (2012). Erotica viewing effects on intimate relationships and self/partner evaluation. Uvimba woLuntu . ikhonkco:10.1007/s10508-012-0034-4 .Google Tiefer, L. (2006). Sex therapy as a humanistic enterprise. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 21, 360-375.CrossRef Google Weinberg, M. S., Williams, C. J., Kleiner, S., & Irizarry, Y. (2010). Pornography, normalization and empowerment. Iingxelo zoLuntu, 39, 1389-1401.CrossRef Google Wiederman, M. W. (2005). The gendered nature of sexual scripts. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 13, 496-502.CrossRef Google Wright, P. J. (2013). Internet pornography exposure and women’s attitude towards extramarital sex: An exploratory study. Izifundo zoNxibelelwano, 64, 315-336.CrossRef Google UZillmann, D., kunye noBryant, J. (1986). Ukutshintsha izinto ozikhethayo ekusebenziseni imifanekiso engamanyala. UPhando loNxibelelwano, 13, 560-578.CrossRef Google