Imithombo ye-Intanethi ecacileyo ngoBuchule, ukuNeliseka kweQumrhu, kunye nokuLindelwa kwabalingani phakathi kwabesilisa abalala ngesondo kunye noBantu: iSifundo soQuqulelo (2017)

Sex Res Social Policy. Umbhali wesandla; iyafumaneka kwi-PMC 2017 Oct 2.

Sex Res Social Policy. 2017 Sep; 14(3): 270–274.

Ishicilelwe kwi-intanethi 2016 Jul 28. ikhonkco:  10.1007/s13178-016-0248-7

PMCID: PMC5624736

I-NIHMSID: I-NIHMS824032

Emily Leickly,umbhali ohambelanayo1 Kimberly Nelson,1,2 kwaye UJane Simoni1

Abstract

Uphando oluncinci luye lwaphanda impembelelo ebonwayo yemidiya ye-intanethi ye-intanethi (SEOM) ekwanelisekeni komzimba kunye nokulindela iqabane lamadoda alala namadoda (MSM). Udliwano-ndlebe olulungelelanisiweyo lwenziwe kunye ne-16 ye-MSM, equka impembelelo ebonwayo ye-SEOM ecacileyo ye-MSM. Onke amadoda alithoba apapashe izihloko zokwaneliseka komzimba kunye nolindelo lwamaqabane abika ukuba i-SEOM ethe ngqo ye-MSM ibeke ulindelo oluphezulu lwembonakalo yomzimba kubo kunye / okanye amaqabane abo anokubakho. Nangona i-SEOM ethile ye-MSM inokuthi ichaphazele kakubi ukwaneliseka komzimba kunye nokulindela iqabane phakathi kwe-MSM, ubuninzi bayo bungenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esiluncedo sokuxhasa ukulunga komzimba.

Internet: I-MSM, Ukwaneliseka komzimba, Ulindelo lweqabane, Abancinci ngokwesondo, Imidiya ye-intanethi ye-Sexual ecacileyo, Iphonografi

Uninzi lwama-gay, abesilisa nabasetyhini, kunye namanye amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda (MSM) asebenzisa i-MSM-specific Scicicic Sexual media online (SEOM), kunye noqikelelo olusuka kwi-98-99% (UDuggan kunye noMcCreary ngo-2004; Rosser et al. 2013; Stein, kunye nabanye. 2012). I-SEOM ethile ye-MSM ibeka ugxininiso olungakumbi kumzimba wesilisa kunezinye iintlobo ze-SEOM (UDuggan kunye noMcCreary ngo-2004). Kuphononongo lomgangatho phakathi kwe-MSM ngu UMorrison (2004), Abaxoxi bachaza umzimba ofanelekileyo njengoko umelwe yi-SEOM eqhelekileyo ye-MSM njenge "butch," "i-tanned," "i-muscular," kunye "noboya," ngaphandle "[nokuba] i-ounce yamafutha omzimba" (iphe. 172). Xa kuboniswa ngalo mzimba ofanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-MSM ethile inokuzifumana ingekho: Ngokuqhelekileyo, uphando lufumene ukuba i-MSM ifumana ukunganeliseki okukhulu komzimba (okuchazwa njengovavanyo olubi lomzimba womntu okanye ukubonakala; Imali 2002), iintloni, kunye nokubekw' esweni kunamadoda athandana nesini esahlukileyo (Martins, Tiggemann, kunye Kirkbride 2007). I-MSM ikwakholelwa ukuba inkangeleko yabo yomzimba ibaluleke ngakumbi kwabanye kunamadoda athandana nesini esahlukileyo (Yelland kunye Tiggemann 2003). Ukongeza ekusebenziseni ulindelo olungeyonyani kubo, i-MSM inokusebenzisa oku kulindelekileyo kumaqabane abo. Izigwebo malunga nomzimba womntu kunye nomzimba weqabane lomntu zidibene ngokukodwa kwindawo ye-SEOM ethile ye-MSM apho i-MSM ingabathengi kunye nomxholo weendaba.

Nangona uphando oluncinci lujongana nempembelelo ye-SEOM malunga nokulindelwe ngumlingani phakathi kwe-MSM, ezinye iincwadi ziye zavavanya ukuba i-media media inokuphembelela njani ulindelo lwamadoda athandana nesini esahlukileyo ekuthandeni amaqabane abasetyhini. Umzekelo, Zurbriggen, Ramsey, and Jaworski (2011) yafumanisa ukuba, phakathi kwamadoda athandana nesini esingafaniyo, ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yeendaba engafanelekanga kwakunxibelelene ngokufanelekileyo nokuchaswa kweqabane, okwakunxulunyaniswa namanqanaba asezantsi obudlelwane kunye nokwaneliseka ngokwesondo. Ukuqwalasela i-MSM-specific SEOM ekugxilwe kuyo ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokuchasana nomzimba wendoda (UDuggan kunye noMcCreary ngo-2004), i-MSM inokwenza ulindelo lokuba amaqabane abo afanele abukeke njani ngokusekelwe kumadoda kwi-SEOM ethile ye-MSM kwaye emva koko kunokwenzeka ukuba abonise amaqabane abo. Ukungakwazi ukufumana iqabane elihlangabezana nokufaneleka komzimba okuchazwe yi-SEOM ecacileyo ye-MSM kunokushiya enye i-MSM ingahambelani, efunyenwe ukuba inxulumene neziphumo ezahlukeneyo zempilo yengqondo, kuquka ukudakumba.Pereira, Nardi, kunye noSilva 2013).

Ubunakho be-SEOM ethile ye-MSM ukuchaphazela kakubi ukwaneliseka komzimba kunye nokulindela iqabane phakathi kwe-MSM kuye kwangaxilwanga. Ukuqwalasela ukuxhaphaka okuphezulu kokusetyenziswa kwe-SEOM kule ndawo kunye nendlela encinci eyaziwayo malunga nemiphumo yayo, ukungabikho kophando kule ndawo kuyamangalisa. Kolu phononongo lokuqala, siphonononga iimbono ze-MSM zobudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-SEOM ethile ye-MSM, ukwaneliseka komzimba, kunye nokulindelwe ngumlingani.

indlela yokwenza

Udliwano-ndlebe olufanelekileyo

Ngokunzulu, udliwano-ndlebe olucwangcisiweyo lwenziwe ngumbhali wesibini kunye ne-16 MSM kwisixeko esikhulu sasePacific Northwest njengenxalenye yesifundo esikhulu malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-SEOM kunye nokufuna iqabane le-intanethi (UNelson et al. 2014b). Olu phononongo luvunywe yiBhodi yokuHlola iziko leYunivesithi apho uphando lwenziwa khona. Abathathi-nxaxheba baye bagaywa kusetyenziswa uluhlu lwe-imeyile oluthe ngqo lwe-MSM, amaqela e-Facebook, kunye neeflaya kwimibutho yasekuhlaleni kwindawo enkulu ye-metropolitan. Iikhrayitheriya zokufaneleka bezi zilandelayo: (1) ukuzibonakalisa njengomntu oyindoda; (2) ubuncinane ubuneminyaka eli-18 ubudala; (3) ukuba neentlobano zesini nendoda kunyaka ophelileyo; (4) ukuba ne-Intanethi; (5) ukufikelela kwiwebhusayithi ye-intanethi yamadoda afuna amadoda kulo nyaka uphelileyo; kunye (6) nokusetyenziswa kwe-SEOM kunyaka odlulileyo. Ukufuna iqabane kwi-Intanethi yayiyindlela yokubandakanywa ngenxa yokugxila kophando kuphononongo olubanzi apho olu dliwano-ndlebe olusemgangathweni lwenziwa ngokuyintloko.

Udliwano-ndlebe luqhube malunga nemizuzu engama-60, lwaqhutywa kwiofisi yabucala, kwaye lwarekhodwa ngokwedijithali. Abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana i-20 yeedola ngexesha labo. Abathathi-nxaxheba baxelelwe ukuba udliwano-ndlebe luya kugubungela izihloko ezinxulumene namava abo nge-SEOM kunye nokufuna iqabane le-intanethi. Udliwano-ndlebe lwenziwe kusetyenziswa isikhokelo esicwangcisiweyo esinemibuzo evulelekileyo kunye ne-probes. Isimbo sodliwano-ndlebe silandele umgca weendlela ezisemgangathweni ezivumela iikhonsepthi esele zikho, iithiyori, kunye neziphumo zokwazisa amacandelo odliwano-ndlebe, kunokuba kuqokelelwe idatha kunye nethiyori iveliswe ngokukodwa kudliwano-ndlebe (Glaser kunye noStrauss ngo-1967; Strauss kunye Corbin 1994). Imimandla ethile yophando ibandakanya ukuziphatha kokufuna iqabane kwi-intanethi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-SEOM, kunye nempembelelo ebonwayo ye-SEOM kubathathi-nxaxheba kunye nezinye i-MSM kuluntu. Ii-probes ezithile zabuza impembelelo ye-SEOM kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, ubomi bentlalontle, ukukwazi ukudibana namadoda, kunye neemvakalelo zokuzixabisa. Lonke udliwano-ndlebe lwabhalwa ngokwezwi nezwi ngumbhali wokuqala kwaye lwaphononongwa ukuze luchaneke ngumbhali wesibini. Ukusebenzisa isakhelo sokucazulula ngokuthelekisa rhoqo (Miles kunye Huberman 1994), ababhali ababini bokuqala bahlaziywa yonke imibhalo ukuze bachonge ukwakhiwa okuphambili, imixholo ekhulayo, izinto eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokungafani okunikezelwa ngabathathi-nxaxheba. Incwadana yeekhowudi yaphuhliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokusekelwe kulwazi olufunyenwe kwimibhalo ebhaliweyo, ichaza imixholo ngokubanzi kunye neengqiqo, kunye neekhowudi ezincinci njengoko zifuneka ukucacisa imixholo. Udliwano-ndlebe lwabhalwa ngumbhali wokuqala kwi-ATLAS.ti 5.2 (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH) kwaye ihlaziywa ngokuqhubekayo ngumbhali wesibini. Ukubhalwa kweekhowudi kulandele inkqubo ephindaphindwayo, efana nokuba idatha yodliwano-ndlebe olunye isetyenziselwe ukwazisa ikhowudi yodliwano-ndlebe olwalandelayo. Umbhali wokuqala uya kubuyela kudliwano-ndlebe lwangaphambili kwaye abhale kwakhona njengoko kuyimfuneko. Imibuzo malunga neekhowudi ezivelayo kunye nokungahambelani okunokwenzeka kwaphakanyiswa kwiintlanganiso eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwababhali bokuqala kunye nesibini. Emva kokuba zonke iikhowudi zidityanisiwe, ababhali bokuqala nabesibini bakhuphe iicaphulo ezibonisa imixholo ephambili. Iziphumo ezinikezelweyo zibonisa uhlalutyo lwedatha yesibini ejolise kwimixholo yokwaneliseka komzimba kunye nokulindela iqabane eliye lavela ngexesha lecandelo lodliwano-ndlebe olukhulu oluvavanya impembelelo ebonwayo ye-SEOM ethile ye-MSM. Iingcaphulo ezikhethiweyo zibandakanyiwe ukubonisa iingongoma eziziintloko.

nxaxheba

Abathathi-nxaxheba be-16 babeneminyaka engama-42 ubudala (uluhlu = 24-73; SD = 3.14). Abalishumi elinesibini babeseCaucasian American, abasibhozo babenomvuzo wonyaka wekhaya ongaphezulu kweedola ezingama-30,000, abali-11 babenesidanga somlingane (malunga neminyaka eli-14 yemfundo) okanye inqanaba lemfundo ephakamileyo, abali-12 bazichaza njengabafana, abali-14 abanalo ngoku iqabane eliphambili, kwaye ezimbini zixelwe ukuba zine-HIV-seropositive. Nangona bonke abathathi-nxaxheba be-16 babika ukusebenzisa i-SEOM kunyaka odlulileyo ngexesha lokuhlolwa, i-12 ivolontiya ulwazi malunga nokuphindaphinda kwe-SEOM yokusetyenziswa ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe olufanelekileyo. Kule 12, ezisixhenxe zichazwe ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke, ezintathu zibika ukujonga i-SEOM 2-5 iintsuku ngeveki, kwaye enye ingxelo yokujonga i-SEOM kabini ngonyaka.

iziphumo

Xa abathathi-nxaxheba babuzwa ukuba baziva njani i-SEOM ethile ye-MSM ibachaphazela, kwavela imixholo emibini ebalulekileyo: (1) imiphumo eyingozi ekwanelisekeni komzimba kunye (2) nokulindela okucacileyo malunga namaqabane anokuthi. Le mixholo iziswe ngokuzenzekela engxoxweni ngabantu abalithoba ebekusenziwa udliwano-ndlebe nabo kwaye ayizange iphakanyiswe ngabanye abasixhenxe ebekudliwano-ndlebe nabo. Phakathi kwala madoda alithoba, asixhenxe achaza amava angalunganga okuthelekisa umzimba wabo kunye nalawo ase-SEOM, evakalelwa kukuba i-SEOM ibeka ukulindela okunzima ukufikelela kwimbonakalo yabo. Amanye amadoda athelekisa ngokuthe ngqo imizimba yawo naleyo yamadoda akwi-SEOM, evakalelwa kukuba oku kuzithelekisa kwehlisa ukuzixabisa kwawo:

Owu, ithoba ngokupheleleyo [imvakalelo yam yokuzixabisa]. Kuba andibukeki njengaye nawuphi na kwabo bafana bakwimifanekiso engamanyala enditsalelekayo kubo. (iCaucasian American, iminyaka engama-42 ubudala)

Ukuba ndifumana iphonografi ngabanye abafana endinokuthi ndibathathele ingqalelo abafana abajongeka njengesiqhelo, ndinje, ndiziva ndilungile ngam. Kodwa ukuba ngamanyala apho ndicofa khona, konke kuya kufana neepakethi ezithandathu, kwaye azinanwele kwaphela… Ndifana, owu thixo wam. Kwelinye icala oku kuyadanisa, kwelinye icala ngathi yinto endifuna ukubonakala ngayo. (iCaucasian American, iminyaka engama-29)

Ndiyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba andijongi nantoni na njengabafana abakwi-porn. Kwaye nabafana abaqhelekileyo abangena ngaphandle kwesitrato. Bonke babhityile kakhulu kunam. (Latino American, 24 iminyaka)

Ndiyazi ukuba iphonografi, elona xesha lide, lenze imifanekiso emininzi emibi kum. Kuba andingomntu odlalayo, andikho kweyona milo inkulu, kwaye andazi ukuba uqaphele, kodwa wonke umntu okwi-porn ubonakala emhle. (UCaucasian waseMelika, oneminyaka engama-44 ubudala)

Abanye abathathi-nxaxheba bachaza i-MSM ngokuthelekisa imizimba yabo namadoda kwi-SEOM njengento enkulu enempembelelo embi kwenye i-MSM:

Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba lilizwe lentelekelelo kwaye awuzukunamathela kuloo nto. Ayenzeki ngokobuntu. Ke ukuba abakwazi ukwenza loo mahluko ke akuyi kubalungela ukuzixabisa kwabo. (UCaucasian waseMelika, oneminyaka engama-52 ubudala)

Ngokuqinisekileyo ekuqaleni, ndicinga ukuba, enye yeempembelelo ezimbi endicinga ukuba i-porn yayiyenza ukuba wonke umntu azive engafanelekanga, mhlawumbi ngenxa yobukhulu bepipi, okanye inkangeleko yabo, okanye nantoni na. Imizimba yabo nje. (UCaucasian waseMelika, oneminyaka engama-47 ubudala)

Ndicinga ukuba abafana abancinci abacinga ukuba kufuneka babe nemizimba egqibeleleyo bajonge iphonografi, kwaye babona eyona nto bafanele bayihambe. Okanye, uninzi lwabafana abenza iphonografi banamaqhude amakhulu. Ke, ndicinga ukuba ngandlela thile kusenza sizive singakhuselekanga kancinci ukuba siphakathi kancinci. (UCaucasian waseMelika, oneminyaka engama-42 ubudala)

Amadoda amahlanu asithoba axoxe ngezi zihloko achaza ukuba i-SEOM ibeka ulindelo kumaqabane anokuthi abe nomtsalane kakhulu ngokwasemzimbeni. Abanye abathathi-nxaxheba babhekisela ngokuthe ngqo ekufuneni amaqabane abonakala njengamadoda kwi-SEOM abayidlayo, bevakalelwa kukuba i-SEOM ibanike imbono engachanekanga yokuba amadoda aphakathi abukeka njani:

Kuba ndichithe ixesha elininzi ndizama ukutsala amadoda aselula nabukekayo, njengakwiphonografi endiyijonge iminyaka emininzi. Kwaye ndiye ndaqaphela ukuba xa ndijonga umntu usoloko engumntu omncinci kakhulu kwaye okwimo entle kakhulu. (UCaucasian waseMelika, oneminyaka engama-44 ubudala)

Ukuba uhlala ujonge amashumi agqibeleleyo amangalisayo, xa umntu ongagqibelelanga u-10 esiza kunye ungawanciphisa. Kaloku abayonto ndihlala ndiyijongile. Kwaye eneneni ndiye ndanengxaki ngale nto. (UCaucasian waseMelika, oneminyaka engama-42 ubudala)

Ndiyathetha, iyakwenza [impembelelo kwimigangatho yeqabane lam] ngendlela encinci yokuba ufana “Kulungile, yindoda eshushu ngokwenene, luhlobo lwento endiyifunayo. Ndingathanda ukufumana umntu onje, okanye owakhiwe ngolo hlobo. ” (UCaucasian waseMelika, oneminyaka engama-42 ubudala)

Ndicinga ukuba enye [iphonografi] indinika umbono ongekho ngqiqweni malunga nokuba abantu bokwenyani bajongeka njani. Ngenxa yokuba abantu abakwi-porn, ngakumbi i-porn ene-muscle, ngamadoda athambileyo kwaye asebenza kakhulu. Oku akuqhelekanga njengoko abantu bengathanda ukuba kube njalo. Ke ikunika uhlobo lwethemba lobuxoki lokuba uza kufumana umntu, ngokuqinisekileyo, ojongeka elungile ngalo lonke ixesha. (Latino American, 29 iminyaka)

Omnye umthathi-nxaxheba uchaze ukukhangela amaqabane anomdla kakhulu ngokusekelwe kwimigangatho ye-SEOM njengoko isenziwa yenye i-MSM kuluntu olukhulu:

Ndicinga ukuba abantu bafuna loo manyala [iinkwenkwezi] ... kwaye ke abantu abaqhelekileyo abanako, abakwazi ukufumana nabani na. Awubukeki njengenkwenkwezi yamanyala, uyazi. (Omnyama / waseMelika waseMelika, oneminyaka engama-35 ubudala)

ingxoxo

Olu phononongo lokuqala lomgangatho lukhanyisa iimbono ze-MSM malunga neendlela i-SEOM ethe ngqo ye-MSM inokuphembelela ukwaneliseka komzimba we-MSM kunye nolindelo lweqabane. Kolu phononongo, abathathi-nxaxheba baxela ukuba ubukho bamadoda anomtsalane kakhulu kwi-SEOM ethile ye-MSM kubangela ukuba i-MSM ethile izive ingakhuselekanga kwaye ingonelanga malunga nokubonakala kwayo. Ukongezelela, abathathi-nxaxheba baqaphele ukuba ukulindela okuphezulu okubekwe yi-SEOM ecacileyo ye-MSM malunga nendlela iqabane elimele libukeke ngayo kubangela ukuba i-MSM ibe nobunzima bokufumana iqabane elihambelana nokulindela okusekelwe kwi-SEOM esekelwe kwi-MSM.

Nangona eli phepha ligxininise kwiimbono ze-MSM zezinye zeziphumo ezibi ezinokuthi zibe nemiphumo emibi ye-SEOM ecacileyo ye-MSM kukwaneliseka komzimba we-MSM kunye nokulindela iqabane, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-SEOM kuye kwadibaniswa nemiphumo emihle emininzi, kuquka ukunceda i-MSM yokwandisa ulwazi lwabo malunga. isondo phakathi kwamadoda (Hald, Smolenski, kunye neRosser 2013; Kubicek, Carpineto, McDavitt, Weiss, kunye neKipke 2011; UNelson et al. 2014); bakhululeke ngakumbi kwisini sabo (UNelson et al. 2014a); funa ubuhlobo kunye namaqabane ngesondo (Kubicek et al. 2011); kunye nokuqinisekisa umtsalane onokubakho nokudala uluntu (Hald et al. 2013). Kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze imali kule miphumo emihle ngelixa uzama ukunciphisa impembelelo engafanelekanga ye-SEOM ecacileyo ye-MSM ekwanelisekeni komzimba kunye nokulindela iqabane.

Iqondo lokuzithoba ngokwendalo kuphando lomgangatho libonisa umda kolu phononongo, apho kunokuthambekela okunokwenzeka ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe kunye neenkqubo zokukhowuda. Ukugcina ukungaguquguquki okungqongqo kulo lonke udliwano-ndlebe ngokumalunga namabinzana kunye nolandelelwano lwemibuzo kunokuba ngumngeni. Abathathi-nxaxheba bavunyelwe ukuba bazise ngokuzenzekelayo imiba yokwaneliseka komzimba kunye nokulindela iqabane; abazange baphandwe ngokucacileyo ngale miba. Ngaloo ndlela, izimvo zabathathi-nxaxheba abangazange bazise ezi zihloko ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe lwabo abaziwa. Ukongezelela, intsebenziswano yomntu-mntu kunye nodliwano-ndlebe ngexesha lokuqokelela idatha inokuchaphazela iimpendulo zodliwano-ndlebe. I-Generalizability ikwasisithintelo, ngokunikwa uninzi lwesampulu yaseCaucasus, yasezidolophini, kunye nefundileyo. Iziphumo, ke, zibonisa umboniso wokuqala wemiba enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-SEOM ethile ye-MSM kwaye ayinakwenziwa ngokubanzi kuyo yonke i-MSM.

Ngaphandle kwale mida, kwaye nangona olu phononongo luyisiqalo ngokwendalo, luphakamisa iimpembelelo zomgaqo-nkqubo ezinokubakho. Ekubeni i-SEOM ecacileyo ye-MSM ibonwa njengento yonke kwindawo ye-MSM (Rosser et al. 2013), kwaye kucingelwa ukuba abaninzi abancinci be-MSM bayisebenzisa njengesixhobo sokufunda (Kubicek et al. 2011), i-SEOM ingaba yisithuthi esifanelekileyo sokubonisa kunye nokuxhasa i-positivity yomzimba. Nangona i-MSM ibika ukuba imidiya ecacileyo ngokwesondo yindawo eyamkelekileyo yokufundisa ngesondo kunye nemiyalezo yothintelo lwe-HIV ejolise kwi-MSM (Wilkerson, Iantaffi, Smolenski, Horvath, kunye noRosser 2013), asiyazi naluphi na uphando oluphanda i-medium njengesithuba sokubonisa imiyalezo ekhuthaza ukwaneliseka komzimba kunye nokulindeleke ngakumbi kweqabane ngokubonisa amadoda aneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba njengento ekhangayo kwaye enqwenelekayo. Uphando olunjalo lunokunceda ukwazisa imimiselo enokubakho kushishino lwe-SEOM oluthe ngqo lwe-MSM oluya kufuna ukwandisa ukuhlukahluka kwemizimba evezwe kumajelo eendaba kwaye inokuthi idibanise imiyalezo ethile yomzimba.

Njengoko kungenakwenzeka ukuba ishishini le-SEOM elikhethekileyo le-MSM liya kwamkela ukudityaniswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye nemiyalezo emihle yomzimba ngaphandle koxinzelelo oluzinzileyo oluvela kumaqela omgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle anempembelelo, iqhinga elisebenzayo ngakumbi linokunceda i-MSM ibe ngabathengi abanolwazi olungcono lwe-MSM- SEOM ethile. Ungenelelo lolwazi lokufunda nokubhala kwimidiya oluvavanya umxholo wesondo lubonakaliswe ukuba luchaphazela impilo yezesondo kunye nokuziphatha konxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu abathandana besini esahlukileyo (Pinkleton, Austin, Chen, and Cohen 2013; Scull, Malik, and Kupersmidt 2014); obu buchule bunokwandiswa okanye bulungiswe ukuze i-MSM ibandakanye i-SEOM ethe ngqo ye-MSM. Ungenelelo lolwazi lokufunda nokubhala kwimidiya olujolise kwi-SEOM ekhethekileyo ye-MSM inokufundisa i-MSM malunga namandla eendaba ukubumba izithethe, ukuphonononga injongo kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwabavelisi beendaba, kunye nokuxhobisa i-MSM ukuba ivavanye ngcono imiyalezo enikezelwe yi-SEOM ethile ye-MSM kumxholo wamava abo kunye neenkolelo zabo. .

Ulwazi lwemidiya yolwazi lokufunda nokubhala lunokusebenza ngakumbi kwi-MSM xa inikezelwe kunye nezixhobo zokufunda ngempilo (UNelson noCarey ngo-2016), nokuba zisasazwe ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zephulo lempilo yoluntu (I-CDC 2016; USnyder et al. 2004), okanye kwinqanaba lomntu lidityaniswe nengcebiso okanye iinkonzo zoluntu (Scull, et al. 2014). Ungenelelo lokufunda nokubhala losasazo lwenqanaba lomntu ngamnye lunokubandakanya uhlolo lweendlela zokujonga i-SEOM yomthathi-nxaxheba (umzekelo, iimpawu ze-SEOM ezithe ngqo ezisetyenzisiweyo). Ngokusekwe kolu vavanyo, ungenelelo lokufunda nokubhala lwe-SEOM olungqalileyo lwe-MSM olulungiselelwe inqanaba lomntu osele likhona ngaphambili lolwazi lokufunda kumajelo eendaba lungabonelelwa.

Ukufikelela kunye nokwamkelwa kwe-SEOM ethile ye-MSM kuluntu lwe-MSM lunokunceda ekusasazweni ngokubanzi kwemiyalezo emihle yomzimba, okwenza i-SEOM ibe yindlela efanelekileyo yokuhlola ukungenelela okunjalo. Ulwazi lweMedia linokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni nayiphi na imiphumo emibi enokubakho ye-SEOM ecacileyo ye-MSM ekwanelisekeni komzimba kunye nokulindelwe ngumlingani. Izifundo zexesha elizayo kufuneka zihlolisise abalamli abanokubakho kwimibutho phakathi kwe-SEOM, ukwaneliseka komzimba, kunye nemigangatho yomlingani ebonwa yi-MSM kwisifundo esikhoyo ukuqhubela phambili ulwazi lomcimbi kunye nokuboleka inkxaso esekelwe kuphando ekudalweni nasekuphunyezweni kokungenelela kwezempilo yoluntu. Njengoko olu phando lusekwizigaba zokuqala, uphando lwexesha elizayo luya kufuneka luvavanye ukuba nokwenzeka kunye nokwamkeleka kokubandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kwi-SEOM ethile ye-MSM, kunye nemfundo yolwazi lokufunda kwimidiya egxile kwi-SEOM ethile ye-MSM.

isiphelo

Olu phononongo lokuqala lomgangatho wempembelelo ebonwayo ye-SEOM ecacileyo ye-MSM iveze ukuba i-SEOM ethile ye-MSM inokuba nefuthe elibi ekwanelisekeni komzimba kunye nokulindela komlingani phakathi kwe-MSM. Ekugqibeleni, abaphandi kunye nabaxhasi bempilo yoluntu banokukwazi ukusebenzisa indawo yonke kunye nokufikelela kwi-SEOM ecacileyo ye-MSM yokunceda ukukhuthaza ukulungelelaniswa komzimba ngokusasaza imiyalezo nge-SEOM exhasa ukwaneliseka komzimba kunye nokutshisa ukulindela okufanelekileyo komlingani. Oku kunokwenziwa kwakhona ngamangenelelo okufunda nokubhala kumajelo eendaba agxile kwi-SEOM ethe ngqo ye-MSM. Uphando olongezelelweyo oluvavanya ukuba nokwenzeka nokwamkeleka kwezi ndlela kunye nokuphonononga nzulu kolu nxulumano lunokubakho lufanelekile.

Imibulelo

Sithanda ukubulela abathathi-nxaxheba bethu kunye namalungu elebhu ngoncedo lwabo ngale projekthi. Umsebenzi wawuxhaswa ngokuyinxalenye yi-NIH (F31MH088851, K23MH109346, K24MH093243, P30AI27757). Inkxaso eyongezelelweyo yanikezelwa ngu iSebe lePsychology apho uphando lwenziwa kunye ne-American Psychological Association of Graduate Students. Umxholo wale mpapasho kuphela uxanduva lwababhali kwaye akufuneki ukumela iimbono ezisemthethweni zamaZiko ezeMpilo eSizwe okanye eminye imithombo yenkxaso.

Inkxaso Olu pho nonongo luxhaswe ngemali inxalenye ye-NIH (F31MH088851, K23MH109346, K24MH093243, P30AI27757). Inkxaso eyongezelelweyo yanikezelwa ngu iSebe lePsychology apho uphando lwenziwa kunye ne-American Psychological Association of Graduate Students.

Imihlathi

Ukuthotyelwa kweMigangatho yokuHlola

Ukuvunyelwa kokuziphatha Yonke inqubo eyenziwa kwizifundo ezibandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba zihambelana nemigangatho yokuziphatha yekomiti kunye / okanye ikomiti yophando kazwelonke kunye ne-1964 Helsinki isimemezelo kunye nezilungiso zaso kamva okanye imilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Amalungelo Abantu kunye Nezilwanyana kunye neMvume Yolwazi Imvume enolwazi yafunyanwa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ababandakanyeka kwisifundo.

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