Ukuphathwa kakubi kwabantwana. 2017 Jun 16; 70:210-221. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.017.
McKibbin G1, I-Humphreys C2, Ngu-Hamilton B2.
Abstract
Ukuziphatha okuyingozi ngokwesondo okwenziwa ngabantwana kunye nabantu abancinci kubalela malunga nesiqingatha sazo zonke izenzo zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesondo. Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukutsalela kwiimbono zabantu abatsha abaye baxhaphaza ngokwesondo ukukhulisa i-ajenda yangoku yothintelo. Uphononongo lubandakanya udliwano-ndlebe olungalungelelanisiweyo kunye nabantu abatsha abali-14 kunye nabasebenzi abathandathu ababonelela ngonyango.
Ukuthatha iisampulu kwakunenjongo kwaye abantu abancinci ngaphambili babegqibe inkqubo yonyango lokuziphatha okuyingozi ngokwesondo eVictoria, eOstreliya. Aba baselula beza njengeengcali ezisekelwe kumava abo angaphambili okubandakanyeka kwihambo eyingozi yesini. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuziphatha kwabo gadalala kwakunganyanzelwa okanye kujongelwe phantsi. Ithiyori esekelwe kwiConstructivist Grounded yasetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya idatha yomgangatho.
Amathuba okuthintela ukuziphatha okuyingozi ngokwesondo yayiyingqwalasela yodliwano-ndlebe nolutsha kunye nabasebenzi. Uphando luchonge amathuba amathathu okuthintela, abandakanya ukwenza egameni labantwana kunye nolutsha ukuba: ukuguqula imfundo yabo yezokwabelana ngesondo; ukulungisa amava abo okuxhatshazwa; kunye nokunceda ukulawula kwabo iphonografi. La mathuba anokwazisa ukuyilwa kwamanyathelo okuphucula i-ajenda yothintelo.
IINKCUKACHA: Ukuphathwa gadalala ngokwesondo kwabantwana; Abantwana kunye nabantu abancinci abanokuziphatha okuyingozi ngokwesondo; Ithiyori esekwe kunxibelelaniso; Uthintelo; Ingxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo; Imodeli yezempilo yoluntu; Ukuphathwa gadalala ngokwesini
PMID: 28628898
DOI: I-10.1016 / j.chiabu.2017.06.017
3.3. Ithuba lesithathu − ukunceda ulawulo lwabo lwephonografi
Ithuba lesithathu lokuthintela elichongiweyo ngabaselula linxulumene nengxaki ababenayo yokulawula iphonografi. Kubantu abaselula abali-14, abali-12 bathetha ngokuchanabeka kwiphonografi baza abathathu bathetha ngendlela iphonografi eyayiyenye yezinto ezibangela ukuba baziphathe kakubi ngokwesini. Baye bachaza ukuba amathuba okuziphatha kwabo ngokwesondo okuyingozi ngenokuncitshiswa ukuba imifanekiso engamanyala ibingekho. Abantu abaselula abathandathu babecinga ukuba ukubukela iphonografi yinto eqhelekileyo phakathi koontanga babo. Enye inkwenkwe yathetha malunga nendlela iqela loontanga bakhe lijonga rhoqo kwiiwebhusayithi zephonografi:
Ubukhulu becala wonke umntu ujonga iphonografi kule mihla. Njengokungathi wonke umntu unefowuni yakhe kwaye baya kuqhubeka, ubiza ntoni, i-Red Tube kunye ne-Porn Hub kunye nezinto. Bajonga yonke into. (Umntu omncinci, indoda, 16)
Omnye oselula wathetha ngendlela awayeyonwabela ngayo iphonografi yaye wayeyibukela rhoqo kangangeminyaka. Kwakhona wakhumbula ukubukela iphonografi kunye noyise kunye nokubona iqabane likayise libukele iphonografi:
[Bendi]siya kwiindawo zokuthenga ndisebenzisa iikhompyutha zabo ukubukela [iphonografi noTata]… Ndiyayithanda iphonografi…Ndiyithethile nje loo nto? Ndihlala ndifumana i-Snapchats, i-Snapchats emdaka. . Kuxa uthumela abantu-uthatha umfanekiso kwaye uwuthumele komnye umntu kwaye umntu akuthumelele enye okanye iividiyo okanye nantoni na…Imdaka kakhulu. (Umntu omncinci, indoda, 19)
Omnye oselula wachaza indlela awaqala ngayo ukubukela imifanekiso engamanyala xa wayeneminyaka eli-11 ubudala ngomnye umfana awayefunda naye esikolweni. Waqala ukubukela iphonografi ekhaya xa abazali bakhe bephumile kwaye wagqiba ekubeni azame oko akubonileyo kudadewabo:
Andizange ndibukele [iphonografi] xa udadewethu ekho, ngokuqhelekileyo ngelo xesha intloko yam yayicinga ukuba makhe sizame oko ndikubonileyo. Emva koko, kunye nephonografi kunye naloo ngqiqo yamandla, badibanisa kakhulu kwaye babangela [ukuziphatha kwam okuyingozi ngokwesondo]. (Umntu omncinci, indoda, 19)
Enye inkwenkwe yathetha ngendlela iphonografi eyayivuselela ngayo ihambo yayo eyingozi yesini. Wathi wayedla ngokubukela iphonografi kwikhompyuter yakhe kwindlu kamakhulu wakhe kwaye wayecinga ukuba incoko nomzala wakhe malunga nephonografi yayisisandulela sendlela yokuziphatha eyingozi ngokwesondo awayenzayo kumzala wakhe.
Ndandidla ngokubukela [iphonografi] ngakumbi ngelo xesha, ngaphambi kokuba yonke le nto kwaye [umzala wam] wandibuza malunga naloo nto ngaphambili. Akunjalo ngaloo mini, kungekhona kuloo nyanga, kodwa kwixesha elidlulileyo wandibuza ukuba yintoni [iphonografi], kwaye ngenxa yokuba ndandihlala ndikhona, ndandisoloko ndingumntu kwi-intanethi kunye nezinto ngenxa yokuba ndingumntu wekhompyutha. Ngoko ngokuqinisekileyo wakwazi ukuza kum, ebuza olo hlobo lombuzo. Ndicinga ukuba [iincoko ezingephonografi] zisenokuba zibangele [ihambo yam eyingozi ngokwesini]. (Umntu omncinci, indoda, 16)
Abasebenzi babonise ukuba baye babona unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kwephonografi kunye nokuziphatha okuyingozi kwabantu abaselula ngokwesondo. Omnye umsebenzi wathetha ngendlela ulutsha olufunda ngayo ukunxulumanisa isini nokuba ndlongondlongo ngokubukela iphonografi. Ucebise ukuba uninzi lwemifanekiso engamanyala imele ubundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini kwaye ifundise abantu abancinci ukuba akufuneki bafune imvume yamantombazana ngaphambi kokuba benze ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kubo:
Abantu abaselula bathetha ngezinto abaye bachanabeka kuzo malunga nephonografi kwaye besebancinci kakhulu. Into esiyaziyo ngephonografi kukuba uninzi lubonisa ukuxhatshazwa kwamabhinqa. Ndicinga ukuba izibalo zokugqibela endizivileyo zaziyi-85% yayo. Ngoko ukususela kwiminyaka emncinci baye bafikelela kwiiphonografi, eziye ziba lula kwaye zibe lula, kwaye zibonakaliswe kule ngcamango yokuba isondo kunye nobudlova zidibene kwaye zibonakaliswe kwezi ngcamango ukuba awufuni imvume, kwaye oko. “Hayi” kusenokuthetha “zama ngamandla.” (Umsebenzi)
Nangona babebathathu kuphela abantu abaselula abaye bafumanisa ukuba iphonografi yayiye yabangela ukuziphatha kwabo okubi ngokwesini, abaninzi ngakumbi baye babukela iphonografi kwaye abasebenzi babonisa ukuba iphonografi yingxaki enkulu kubomi babantwana kunye nolutsha oluxhaphazayo. Iphonografi inokuba yingxaki ngokukodwa kubantwana kunye nabantu abancinci abanobunzima bokufunda, abangenako ukukwazi ukwahlula ukubonakaliswa kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo efanelekileyo yoluntu.
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