I-Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2015 Nov 20.
IVandenbosch L1, van Oosten JM1, UPeter J1.
Abstract
Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuphanda ukuba ukuvezwa komxholo kamabonwakude wenyani kunye nephonografi ye-Intanethi (IP) inxulumene nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo asekuhlaleni.
Ngokusekwe kuphando lwamaza amabini phakathi kolutsha oluyi-1,765 oluphakathi kweminyaka eyi-13 ukuya kweli-17, sifumanise ukuba ukubukela umxholo wezesondo kumabonakude uvuselela ulutsha ukuba luvelise kwaye lusasaze imifanekiso yezesondo ngokwalo kumajelo asekuhlaleni.. Ngapha koko, ukuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo kukhokelele abantu abafikisayo ukuba babukele umxholo wenyani kamabonakude rhoqo. ezi ubudlelwane phakathi kwamakhwenkwe namantombazana.
Akukho budlelwane bubuyelanayo phakathi kokuvezwa kwe-IP kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwamakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo afunyenweyo.. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba umxholo wezokwabelana ngesondo kumajelo osasazo aqhelekileyo unokuqikelela indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu abafikisayo ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo nangokuchaseneyo.
Ngapha koko, abafikisayo babonakala behlula phakathi kweentlobo zemixholo yezesondo (okt, eyona nto iphambili ngokuchasene nomxholo ocacileyo wesondo) xa ubandakanya umxholo weendaba zesondo kwindlela abaziphatha ngayo ngokwesondo kwi-Intanethi.
Ulwazi loMbhali
ULaura Vandenbosch, PhD, uJohanna MF van Oosten, PhD, kunye noJochen Peter, PhD
Isikolo saseAmsterdam soPhando loNxibelelwano, i-ASCoR, iYunivesithi yaseAmsterdam, eAmsterdam, eNetherlands.
Imbalelwano kwidilesi:
UGqr Johanna MF van Oosten
ISikolo saseAmsterdam soPhando loNxibelelwano, i-ASCoR
KwiYunivesithi yaseAmsterdam
PO Box 15791
1001 NG Amsterdam
elamaDatshi
E-mail: [imeyile ikhuselwe]
intshayelelo
Amajelo osasazo ezentlalo athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabafikisayo, abafikisayo bejonga iindaba kunye nohlaziyo lweposi mihla le.1 Kutshanje, uphando lubonise ukuba abakwishumi elivisayo basebenzisa amajelo eendaba ezentlalo ukusasaza imifanekiso ecebisa ngokwesondo yabo.2-4 Ngokomzekelo, uhlalutyo lomxholo lubonise ukuba omnye kwabahlanu abafikisayo babonisa imifanekiso ebonisa ngokwesondo kwiprofayili yakhe ye-intanethi.5 Olunye uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwisiqingatha seeprofayili zolutsha ziqulethe umfanekiso onomtsalane womsebenzisi ofikisayo.6 Nangona kunjalo, nangona uphando malunga nokuxhaphaka kokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo asekuhlaleni luqokelele,5-7 incinci iyaziwa ngokuba kutheni ulutsha lukhetha ukuzibonakalisa ngendlela yesondo kwiiprofayili zabo ze-intanethi.
Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, abaphengululi baye baqaphela ukuba ukuxhaphaka kokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo asekuhlaleni kubonakala kubonisa ukuxhaphaka kwemiyalezo yesondo kumxholo weendaba ezininzi ezithandwayo ngabantu abafikisayo.7-9 Ngenxa yoko, abaphengululi bafunda ubunzima10 ngokunjalo nezentlalo8 abemithombo yeendaba baye bacela uphando, ukufunda ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvezwa kumxholo wesondo kumajelo osasazo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendaba zoluntu ukusasaza umxholo wesondo owenziwe ngumsebenzisi. Ukujongana nale lacuna, uphononongo lwangoku lujolise ekuphandeni ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvezwa kumxholo wesondo kumajelo eendaba amaninzi kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwamakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana kumajelo asekuhlaleni.
Ngokuphathelele kumajelo eendaba amaninzi, isifundo siza kugxila kumxholo wethelevishini ojolise ngokwesondo kunye nephonografi ye-Intanethi (IP) ngenxa yokuthandwa kwabo phakathi kolutsha kunye nezinga labo eliphezulu lezesondo. Umabonwakude wokwenyani utsala ababukeli abaninzi abafikisayo11,12 kwaye ibonakala ngokugxila kwayo kwisini.11,13-16 Ngokwe-IP, abantu abaninzi banokudibana nephonografi xa bekwishumi elivisayo17,18 malunga ne-10 lepesenti ezichaza ukuba ngabasebenzisi rhoqo.19 I-IP inokuchazwa “njengemifanekiso okanye iividiyo ezenziwe ngobungcali okanye ezenziwe ngabasebenzisi (iikliphu) ezikwi-Intanethi okanye ezisuka kwi-Intanethi ezenzelwe ukuvuselela umbukeli. Ezi vidiyo nemifanekiso zibonisa izenzo zesini, ezinjengokuphulula amalungu esini kwanokungena emlonyeni, ezimpundu, nangelungu lelungu lelungu lesini, ngendlela efihlakeleyo, ngokufuthi ngokusondelelana kumalungu esini.”19(pp1015–1016) Uhlalutyo lomxholo lubonise ukuba zombini ithelevishini kunye ne-IP zihlala zibonisa imizimba efanelekileyo kwaye zigxininisa isibheno sesondo sabalinganiswa.20-24
Ngenxa yokubaluleka komtsalane wesondo kumajelo osasazo amaninzi, abathengi abathe gqolo balamajelo eendaba banokutyekela ngakumbi ekuzivezeni nangendlela yezesondo. Ithiyori yengqondo yentlalo25 ubeka ukuba sesichengeni senkuthazo yendalo esingqongileyo (umzekelo, ukujonga indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo yeemodeli ezinomtsalane kumxholo wemidiya) kunokukhuthaza abantu ukuba baziphathe ngokufanelekileyo (umzekelo, ukuzibandakanya kwisimilo sesondo esifana nokuziphatha kweemodeli ezijongiweyo). Ngokufanelekileyo, uphando lubonise ukuba ukubukela umabonwakude wesondo kuhambelana nobudala obuncinci bokuqalisa ukuthandana26 kunye nenani elikhulu lamaqabane athandanayo.26 Uphononongo lukwafumanise ukuba ukusebenzisa i-IP kunxulunyaniswa ngokuqinisekileyo namaqabane amaninzi ngesondo27-29 kunye neendidi ezininzi zezenzo zesini.30 Nangona kunjalo, sisenalo ulwazi malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kokuvezwa kwemiyalezo yesondo kumajelo eendaba amaninzi kunye nobungakanani apho abasebenzisi baziveza khona ngendlela yesondo kumajelo asekuhlaleni. Njengoko uphando lwangaphambili lucebisa ukuba indlela yokuziphatha yabasebenzisi abancinci inxulumene nokuziphatha ngokwesondo kweemodeli kumajelo eendaba amaninzi, siqikelela ukuba ukuvezwa komxholo kamabonakude wokwenyani (H1) kunye ne-IP (H2) kuya kuqikelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo asekuhlaleni.
Ecaleni kobudlelwane phakathi kokuvezwa kwemithombo yeendaba ngobuninzi kunye nomxholo owenziwe ngumsebenzisi kumajelo asekuhlaleni, inkqubo eguqukileyo nayo ibonakala inokwenzeka. Ithiyori ye-cognitive dissonance, umzekelo, ibeka ukuba abantu bayakhuthazwa ukuba bakhangele ulwazi oluhambelana nokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha kwabo.31 Abantu ke ngoko banokukuphepha ukungoneliseki okuvela xa befumana ulwazi olungenangqiqo.31 Ngokuhambelana noku, uphando lwexesha elide lubonise ukuba ukuba neentlobano zesini kwavuselela ukukhethwa kwezinto zesini kumabonwakude, umculo, amaphephancwadi, kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo ekuhambeni kwexesha.32 Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba abakwishumi elivisayo baziveza ngendlela yezesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo, banokukhetha ukusebenzisa umxholo wemithombo yeendaba ezininzi, apho abalinganiswa bazibonakalisa njenge-sexy. Ke ngoko, sicinga ukuba umboniso wezesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo uya kwandisa ukuvezwa kumxholo wethelevishini wenyani (H3) kunye ne-IP (H4). I-hypotheses 1-4 ishwankathelwa kuyo Umzobo 1.
Jonga inguqulelo enkulu (33K)IKHIWANE. 1. Imodeli ecingelwayo yobudlelwane phakathi kokuvezwa kumxholo wesondo kumajelo eendaba amaninzi (oko kukuthi, umxholo wenyani kamabonakude wesondo kunye nephonografi ye-Intanethi) kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo asekuhlaleni.
Xa ufunda ngobudlelwane obubuyiselanayo phakathi kokuvezwa kumxholo wesondo kumajelo eendaba kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwi-intanethi, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umahluko ngokwesini. Ithiyori yokuhlalisana ngokwesini igxininisa ukuba amantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe ayahlalisana kwiimo zengqondo ezahlukeneyo kodwa ezihambelanayo zesini kunye nokuziphatha.33 Ngelixa amakhwenkwe elindeleke ukuba adlale indima ebonakalayo kubudlelwane bezesondo, amantombazana ayakhuthazwa ukuba athathe indima yokungenzi nto.33 Kule meko, umtsalane wesondo uxabiseke kakhulu kumantombazana kunamakhwenkwe.33 nto leyo enokuthi idityaniswe namantombazana azibonakalisa rhoqo ngendlela yesondo kumajelo asekuhlaleni.5,34-36
Umahluko phakathi kwamakhwenkwe namantombazana nawo ufunyenwe kwindlela ukuvezwa kwemithombo yeendaba kunxibelelene nokuziphatha kolutsha olufikisayo ngokwesondo. Ngokuhambelana nendima esebenzayo yamakhwenkwe, uphando lwamva nje lwelongitudinal37 yafumanisa ukuba ukuvezwa kwamajelo eendaba ngesondo kuvuselela ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini phakathi kwamakhwenkwe kuphela. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuziphatha ngokwesondo kwabangela ukuba kuvezwe amajelo eendaba ngesondo kuphela phakathi kwamantombazana. Uphononongo ke lucebise ukuba isiphumo seendaba senzeka phakathi kwamakhwenkwe, ngelixa isiphumo sokukhetha senzeke phakathi kwamantombazana. Ngokunokwenzeka, ukuvezwa kwamajelo eendaba ngesondo kukhuthaza abafana ukuba bakhangele ngokukhutheleyo ubudlelwane bezesondo, ngelixa amantombazana efuna ukuqinisekiswa kokuziphatha kwabo ngokwesondo ekusebenziseni kwabo imidiya (njengoko kungahambelani kakhulu nendima yabo yezesondo).37 Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo38-40 ephonononge ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvezwa kumajelo eendaba amaninzi ngesondo kunye neziphumo zesondo azifumani zintlukwano zesini. Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, siyabuza ukuba isini simodareyitha ubudlelwane obubuyiselanayo phakathi kokuvezwa kumxholo we-TV yenyani / i-IP kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwimidiya yoluntu (RQ1).
Phezulu kweFom
Ezantsi kweFom
tindlela
Procedure
Uphononongo lwangoku luzoba kumaza amabini okuqala ophononongo lwephaneli yamaza amathathu kunye nekhefu leenyanga ze-6. Amaza amabini okuqala aqhutywe ngoMeyi no-Oktobha 2013. Sikhethe amaza amabini okuqala ngenxa yokuba imiboniso emibini eyinyani eyaziwayo yasasazwa ngelo xesha (jonga iinkcazo zokuvezwa kumxholo wethelevishini wesondo) eNetherlands. Uphononongo lwenziwe phakathi kolutsha olukwishumi elinesithathu ukuya kwi-13 leminyaka ubudala. Iisampulu kunye nomsebenzi owenziwayo wenziwa kwaye waququzelelwa yiVeldkamp, iziko lovavanyo lwamaDatshi. Isampulu yathathwa ngokungenamkhethe kwiphaneli ekhoyo emele ilizwe lonke yokufikelela kwi-intanethi yabafikisayo, elawulwa yiVeldkamp. Abathathi-nxaxheba bazalise iphepha lemibuzo elikwi-intanethi ekhaya, elithathe malunga nemizuzu engama-17 ukugqiba. Ngemibuzo nganye egqityiweyo, abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana imbuyekezo ye-20 Euros.
sample
Ekuqaleni, i-2,137 yolutsha olufikisayo luthathe inxaxheba. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, ulutsha olufikisayo lwe-1,765 luye lwathatha inxaxheba kwakhona (izinga lokuyeka = 17.4 ekhulwini). Ukusebenzisa i-Trace kaPillai, i-MANOVA ibonise ukuba akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kwabaphenduli abathatha inxaxheba kuphela kwi-Wave 1 kunye nabaphenduli bathatha inxaxheba kuwo omabini amaza malunga nobudala, isini, ukuvezwa kumxholo we-TV yenyani, ukuvezwa kwi-IP, kunye ne-sexual self-intanethi. -umboniso, V = 0.005, F(6, 2130) = 1.73, p = 0.11, ηp2 = 0.005. Ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kubangele ukuthambekela okucwangcisiweyo kwidatha.
Amanyathelo
Izibalo ezichazayo kunye neempawu zengqondo kuzo zonke iinguqu ezifanelekileyo kunye nezikali zibonisiwe 1 Table.
Itheyibhile 1. Iinkcukacha-manani ezichazayo kunye noNxibelelwano lweZero-Order (N = 1,765 XNUMX)
Ulwazi lwamanani abantu
Abaphenduli babonise iminyaka yabo kunye nesini (0 = inkwenkwe; 1 = intombazana). Ukuqhelaniswa nesondo kulinganiswa ngomlinganiselo we-H41 kwaye zirekhodwa kwakhona ngokwenkqubo esetyenziswa nguPeter noValkenburg19 (0 = abantu besini esahlukileyo kuphela; 1 = hayi kuphela isini esahlukileyo).
Ukuvezwa kumxholo kamabonakude wobunyani bezesondo
Ngomlinganiselo we-Likert onamanqaku asixhenxe (1 = ungaze uye ku-7 = isiqendu ngasinye), silinganisele ukuba kangaphi abaphenduli babukele imiboniso emibini yokwenyani (a) “IJersey Shore” yeMTV kunye (b) neMTV “Geordie Shore” ngexesha leenyanga ezi-6 ngaphambi kokuba uphando. Le miboniso yenyani yezesondo yasasazwa ngaphambi nangexesha lokuqokelela idatha.
Ukuvezwa kwi-IP
Abaphendulayo babonise ubungakanani ababebukele ngabom, kwi-Intanethi, (a) imifanekiso enamalungu esini avele ngokucacileyo, (b) iividiyo ezivezwe ngokucacileyo, (c) imifanekiso apho abantu besini, (d) okanye iividiyo apho abantu babelana ngesondo, kwisikali samanqaku asixhenxe (ungaze = 1 ngokusebenzisa amaxesha amaninzi ngosuku = 7).42 Uhlalutyo lwamacandelo enqununu lucebise ukuba zonke izinto ezilayishwe kwinto enye (i-Time 1 eigenvalue = 3.56; i-variance echazwe = 88.96 ekhulwini).
Ukuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwi-intanethi
Ukuba abaphenduli basebenzisa imidiya yoluntu, baceliwe ukuba babonise, kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-6 kunye nesikali se-Likert esine-1-point (7 = never to 1 = rhoqo), bafake kangaphi imifanekiso ebonisa ngokwabo (a) ngokujonga okumnandi. , (b) ngenkangeleko evuselela inkanuko, (c) enxibe kakubi (umz., isambatho sokuhlambela okanye isinxibo sangaphantsi), kunye (d) nesimo esivuselelayo. Ulutsha olungazange lusebenzise imidiya yoluntu kwi-Waves 2 kunye / okanye i-XNUMX (n = 179 XNUMX)a banikwa ikhowudi 1 (“akazange”), njengoko abazange babe nethuba lokuzibonakalisa ngendlela yesini. Uhlalutyo lwamacandelo enqununu lucebise zonke izinto ezilayishwe kwinto enye (i-Time 1 eigenvalue = 2.81; i-variance echazwe = 70.13 ekhulwini).
Isicwangciso sokuhlalutya
Imodeli ye-equation yolwakhiwo (isoftware AMOS 7), eyona ndlela yoqikelelo lokubakho, yasetyenziswa ukuvavanya uqikelelo kunye nemodeli Umzobo 1. Uguquko ngalunye olufihlakeleyo lwaqikelelwa zizinto ezibonakalisiweyo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa oko kwakha: ukuvezwa kumxholo we-TV yenyani yesondo kwaqikelelwa ngezinto ezimbini ezibonakalayo; Ukuvezwa kwi-IP kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwi-intanethi nganye kwaxelwa kwangaphambili ngezinto ezine ezibonakalisiweyo (jonga icandelo leMiqathango). Ngokuhambelana nophando lwangaphambili lwemidiya yezesondo,42 amaxabiso asisiseko eminyaka yobudala kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwangeniswa njengezinto eziguquguqukayo zolawulo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ziqikelele izinto eziguquguqukayo ezingapheliyo. Ngaphezu koko, izinto eziguquguqukayo zolawulo kunye neziguquguqukayo ezizimeleyo kwisiseko zivunyelwe ukuba zidibanise omnye nomnye. Ngokufanayo, imimiselo yokuphazamiseka kweendaba eziguquguqukayo kwi-Time 2 kunye nemigaqo yempazamo yezinto ezifanayo zenziwe i-covary phakathi kwexesha le-1 kunye ne-2.
Njengoko ukucinga okuqhelekileyo kudla ngokuphulwa kuphando lwezesondo,19 i-bootstrapping (i-95 ipesenti ye-bias-corrected i-bootstrapped intervals yokuzithemba; iisampuli ze-1,000) zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa iimvavanyo zokubaluleka ngokusekelwe kwithiyori yovavanyo eqhelekileyo. Okokugqibela, ukuphonononga iyantlukwano yesini, izalathisi ezifanelekileyo zemodeli enganyanzelekanga zithelekiswe kunye nezalathisi ezifanelekileyo zemodeli ethintelweyo (apho nokuba kubudlelwane obubuyiselanayo phakathi kokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo kunye nokuvezwa (1) kumxholo kamabonakude wokwenyani. okanye (2) I-IP yayinyanzelwa ukuba ilingane phakathi kwamakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana). I-χ2-imodeli yokuthelekisa ixabiso lokuvavanya kunye ne-ΔCFI zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukungafani ngokwesini.43,44
Phezulu kweFom
Ezantsi kweFom
iziphumo
Imodeli yayinokufaneleka okwamkelekileyo kwedatha (ukulungelelaniswa kwe-zero-odolo, bona 1 Table; Ukulunga kwezibalo-manani, 'yabona 2 Table). Ukubukela umabonakude wokwenyani ngesondo ngexesha loku-1 kwaqikelelwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uza kuziveza ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo ngexesha le-2 (ukufumana iiparamitha zesiphumo, bona 2 Table). Ngaphezu koko, umboniso we-intanethi we-intanethi kwi-Time 1 wawunxulunyaniswa ngokuqinisekileyo nokubukela umabonwakude wenyani ngokwesondo ngexesha le-2, ngaloo ndlela uxhasa i-H1 kunye ne-H3. Ukubukela i-IP ngexesha le-1 ayizange ichaze umboniso wokuzimela ngokwesondo kwi-media media kwi-Time 2. Ukongezelela, ukuzimela ngokwesondo kwimidiya yoluntu kwi-Time 1 yayingahambelani nokubukela i-IP ngexesha le-2. I-H2 kunye ne-H4 ayixhaswanga.
Itheyibhile 2. Iziphumo zoLinganiso lweSistim kwiiNdlela eziPhambili (N = 1,765 XNUMX)
Iimvavanyo zokuthelekisa imodeli yesiqulatho seTV yokwenyani kunye ne-IP (2 Table; RQ1) ibonise ukuba χ2-uvavanyo lokwahlukana lwalungabalulekanga kwaye ukungafani phakathi kwamaxabiso e-CFI (ΔCFI) kuzo zombini iimodeli ezinganyanzelwanga kunye nezithintelweyo azidlulanga i-0.01. Imodeli ehambelana nemodeli enganyanzelwanga yayingeyonto iphezulu kumzekelo othintela ubudlelwane obubuyiselanayo phakathi komxholo wenyani kamabonakude kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo okanye kwimodeli ethintela ubudlelwane obubuyiselanayo phakathi kwe-IP kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwintlalontle. imidiya ilingane ngokwesini. Njengoko kungekho zintlukwano zesini zivele, iziphumo zendlela yemodeli engathintelekiyo aziboniswanga 2 Table.
Phezulu kweFom
Ezantsi kweFom
ingxoxo
Olu phononongo lolunye lolokuqala ukufunda ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvezwa kwemiyalezo yesondo kumajelo eendaba amaninzi kunye notyekelo lolutsha lokuzibonakalisa ngendlela yezesondo kumajelo asekuhlaleni. Uphononongo lukhomba ukubaluleka kwemiyalezo yezesondo kumxholo wemidiya yoluntu ekukhuthazeni ulutsha olufikisayo lokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwi-Intanethi. Ngelixa ukuvezwa kwemiyalezo yezesondo kumxholo kamabonakude wokwenyani wawunxulumene ngokuphindaphindiweyo nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo, akukho budlelwane bokubuyisela bufunyenweyo xa kufundwa ukuvezwa kwi-IP. Uphononongo luneziphumo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kuphando lwexesha elizayo.
Okokuqala, ubudlelwane bokubuyelana phakathi kokuvezwa kumxholo kamabonwakude wokwenyani kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo phakathi kwamakhwenkwe namantombazana kuqaqambisa amandla okonwabisa okuqhelekileyo kumabonwakude ukuchaphazela indlela abafikisayo abaziphatha ngayo kwindawo abakuyo kwi-Intanethi. Ukufunyaniswa kwakhona kuphakamisa ukuba abakwishumi elivisayo abamkela umboniso ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo banokufuna, ngakumbi umxholo weendaba ezizezesondo kumabonwakude. Ngokubanzi, iphethini yokubuyiselana phakathi komxholo kamabonakude wokwenyani kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo kukhomba iinkqubo zebhayisekile, njengoko kuchaziwe kwiithiyori, ezinje ngeMedia Practice Model.45 kunye nemodeli ye-spirals yokuqinisa.46 Kwiinkqubo ezinjalo zomjikelo, ukunikezela ngesondo kolutsha kwi-intanethi kunye nokuvezwa kwabo kwisiqulatho sezesondo kumajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo kuphembelela kwaye nokomelezana. Umabonwakude wokwenene usenokuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kule nkalo xa ulutsha olufikisayo lusoloko lukhangela abantu okanye iimeko kumajelo eendaba “ezithembekileyo” nezi “njengazo.”45,47 Nangona kunjalo, uncwadi lukwabonisile ukuba abantu abafikisayo bachonga abalinganiswa bezinye iintlobo zikamabonwakude ezidumileyo.48 Njengeentlobo ezidumileyo, ezinje ngeevidiyo zomculo kunye neesepha, nazo zihlala zibonisa abalinganiswa ababelana ngesondo,24,49 Uphando lwexesha elizayo lunokuphonononga ukuba ngaba iinkqubo zomjikelo ezifanayo phakathi kokubukela ezi ntlobo kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwi-intanethi ziyafunyanwa.
Okwesibini, iithiyori zemidiya, ezifana neDifferential Susceptibility to Media Effects Model, ziye zagxininisa ukuba (uninzi) iziphumo zeendaba azinakubamba ngokulinganayo kubo bonke (abafikisayo).50 Imiba ethile yokuchaphazeleka (echazwa njengemilinganiselo yomntu echaphazela ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi nomxholo wemidiya) inokomeleza okanye yenza buthathaka iziphumo zosasazo phakathi kwabemi ngokubanzi babasebenzisi beendaba.50 Iziphumo zangoku zicebisa ukuba isini asiyonto ibalulekileyo enokuguquguquka okuchaphazeleka kubudlelwane obubuyiselanayo phakathi kokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo kunye nokuvezwa kumxholo kamabonakude wokwenyani okanye i-IP. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ze-dispositional susceptibility zisenokuthi zichaphazele obu budlelwane. Nangona ukuvezwa kwe-IP kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo asekuhlaleni kwakungahambelani nophononongo lwangoku, olu dlelwane lusenokuthi lwenzeka phakathi kwamaqela abasebenzisi abachaphazeleka kakhulu kwiziphumo ze-IP okanye ngakumbi ukukhetha i-IP. Ngolu luvo, uncwadi olufanelekileyo lukhomba kubantu abafuna uvakalelo oluphezulu,51 abantu abafikisayo abanesini,52 kunye nolutsha olukwimo yokuqala yokufikisa40 njengamaqela abalulekileyo ukuba ahlole.
Oko kwathiwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuvezwa kwe-IP kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo asekuhlaleni akuhambelani ngenxa yokuba bahluke kwiimpawu zabo zesondo. Ukuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwimidiya yoluntu5,7 Ngokwesiqhelo icebisa ngokwesondo kuphela, ngelixa i-IP icace gca ngesondo. Ulutsha lunokubona abadlali kunye nabadlali be-IP njengemizekelo engafanelekanga. Ngokuhambelana nesi sizathu, uphando olusemgangathweni lubonise ukuba amantombazana aqinisekisa ukuba umboniso wabo we-intanethi awuthathwa njenge "slutty."53 Ngokufanayo, ukuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwimidiya yoluntu ayinakuqwalaselwa njengento efana nomxholo wesondo ocacileyo kwi-IP. Ulutsha oluzibonakalisa ngendlela yezesondo kumajelo eendaba zentlalo lusenokungakhuthazwa ukuba lutye i-IP.
Uphononongo lwethu lube nemida emibini ubuncinci: okokuqala, uphononongo lwethu lusebenzise amanyathelo okuzixela ngokwawo okuzichaza ngokwesondo kolutsha olufikisayo. Lo mlinganiso ucofa kuphela ukuba ngaba ulutsha luzibonakalisa ngeendlela zesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo, kodwa lubonelela ngolwazi olulinganiselweyo malunga nendlela abafikisa ngayo. Ukuqonda ukuba ulutsha luyifake njani imiyalezo yezesondo evela kumajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo kwiinkcazo zabo ze-intanethi, sifuna imilinganiselo ethe kratya yokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo, kubandakanywa izithuba ezibonwayo nezathethwayo.
Okwesibini, ubukhulu besiphumo sobudlelwane obubuyiselanayo phakathi kokuvezwa kumabonakude wokwenyani kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo zazincinci, nangona zihambelana nophando lwangaphambili lwemidiya.54 kunye noncwadi kulawulo lophando lwexesha elide lweziphumo uzinzo.55 Ngaphaya koko, obu bukhulu besiphumo buncinci bunokuchazwa ngokwenzeka okusezantsi kokuzibonakalisa okunomtsalane phakathi kolutsha olukwishumi elivisayo olubandakanyiweyo kwisampulu yethu. Ngaphandle kweli nqaku liphantsi lokuphindaphinda, ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvezwa kumabonakude wokwenyani kunye nokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo kwi-Intanethi kusavela, okuqaqambisa ukubaluleka kophando lwexesha elizayo ngalo mbandela. Ukongezelela, uncwadi56 Icebisa ukuba neziphumo ezincinci zemithombo yeendaba zisenokubaluleka njengoko imiyalezo yezesondo ekhuthazwa kumxholo wemidiya ofundiweyo (oko kukuthi, umabonakude wokwenyani kunye namajelo eendaba ezentlalo) ziyafana nentlalontle efunyenwe kweminye imithombo (umz., eminye imixholo yezesondo eqhelekileyo kunye noontanga2,53). Ngokudibeneyo, ezi mpembelelo zokuhlalisana zinokukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha zibe nefuthe elinamandla.56
Phezulu kweFom
Ezantsi kweFom
isiphelo
Lilonke, uphononongo lwangoku lubonisa ukuba umxholo wemithombo yeendaba unamandla okukhuthaza abantu abafikisayo ukuba bavelise kwaye basasaze ezabo zokuzibonakalisa ngokwesondo. Ngaloo ndlela, umxholo wezocansi kwimidiya eqhelekileyo ibonakala inomdla kakhulu kubasebenzisi beendaba zentlalo abazibonakalisa ngendlela yesondo. Uphando lwexesha elizayo phakathi kwabakwishumi elivisayo ke ngoko lufanelekile ukuba lwenze nzulu ulwazi lwethu malunga nokunxibelelana phakathi komxholo wesondo oqhelekileyo kumajelo eendaba kunye nokuziphatha okujoliswe ngokwesondo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo.
Phezulu kweFom
Ezantsi kweFom
Phawula
a. Zonke iimodeli ze-equation zesakhiwo zichazwe kwi iziphumo icandelo liphinde laqhutywa kunye nesampulu engabandakanyi abathathi-nxaxheba abangazange basebenzise i-social networking site (SNS) ngexesha le-1 kunye / okanye ixesha le-2 (N = 1,586). Iziphumo zemodeli ye-equation equation zifana neziphumo ezichazwe kwinqaku lesampulu equka abathathi-nxaxheba abangazange basebenzise i-SNS ngexesha le-1 kunye / okanye ixesha le-2 (N = 1,765). Ezi ziphumo zongezelelweyo zinokufunyanwa ngokuthumela i-imeyile kumbhali ohambelanayo.
Phezulu kweFom
Ezantsi kweFom
Ukwamkela
Olu phando luxhaswe ngenkxaso-mali evela kwi-Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) kumbhali wesithathu.
Phezulu kweFom
Ezantsi kweFom
Inkcazelo yeMbhali
Akukho zinzuzo zokhuphiswano zikhoyo ezikhoyo.
Phezulu kweFom
Ezantsi kweFom
Ucaphulo
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