Ukuvuswa kwezesondo kunokunciphisa ukuphendulwa kwemvelo yenyanya (2012)

intshayelelo umphezulu

“Indoda, eya kuncamisa umlomo wentombazana entle ngokuchukumisayo, mhlawumbi isenokucaphuka kukufuna ukusebenzisa ibrashi yayo yamazinyo.” Sigmund Freud.

Ukwabelana ngesondo njengesimo sokuzala kunye nokwenyanya njengendlela yokuzikhusela, zombini zisisiseko, ziyimisebenzi ehambelana nendaleko, ukanti ubudlelwane babo buyamangalisa kwaye bunokuthintela. Ukuzonda kuye kwaxoxwa ukuba kuguqulwe njengendlela yokukhusela ukukhusela umzimba ekungcoleni kwangaphandle. [1], [2]. Ngenxa yoko, amalungu aphambili okanye amalungu omzimba abandakanyekayo kule ndlela yokuzikhusela ayaziwa ukuba alele kumda womzimba. Ngokufanelekileyo, umlomo kunye nelungu lobufazi ziphakathi kwamalungu omzimba abonisa uvakalelo olunamandla, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuvuleka kwawo kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo. [3]. Ukongeza, izivuseleli ezibandakanyekayo kwiindibano zesondo ziqhelekile (ubuncinci ngaphandle komxholo) zibonwa ngamandla ukuba zibambe iimpawu ezicekisekayo eziphezulu, kunye namathe, ukubila, isidoda kunye namavumba omzimba afanelekileyo phakathi kwabona bantu bacekisayo banamandla. [3]. Ngokucacileyo ke, ukuzonda kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo ephazamisayo kwimisebenzi yezesondo enokunceda ukuchaza iindlela ezibandakanyekayo kukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo. [4], [5].

Ukufumanisa ukuba uninzi lwezona zinto zinamandla zivuselela inkanuko zikwabandakanyeka kwisondo (umzekelo, amathe, kunye nokubila) akunakunceda nje ukuchaza indlela ukuzonya okunokubandakanyeka ngayo kukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo, kodwa kukwaphakamisa umbuzo obalulekileyo wokuba abantu baphumelele njani Isondo esimnandi kwaphela. Enye ingcaciso enokwenzeka kukuba ukwabelana ngesondo okwethutyana kunciphisa ukucekisa okubangela iimpawu zesivuseleli esithile. Olunye uqikelelo lunokuba kukuba ukwabelana ngesondo kunokwenza buthathaka ukuthandabuza ukusondela kwizinto ezivuselelayo ezonyanyayo. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuya kukhuthaza indlela yokuziphatha eyongezelelekileyo, ngaphandle kweempawu ezizothekileyo ezingaguqukiyo zesivuseleli. Kungenjalo, zombini ezi nkqubo zinokusebenza ngekonsathi. Ngokuhambelana noku kungasentla, enye inkcazo enokwenzeka kukuba izinto ezicekisekayo ze-stimuli ezithile zinganciphisa ngokukhawuleza (oko kukuthi, ukuhlala), xa uvuswa ngokwesondo ngexesha lokwenyani kwezi zinto zixhaphakileyo.

Germane kule nto, uphononongo lwakutsha nje lovavanyo luphande ukuba ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo kunokunciphisa ngenene iipropathi ezicekisekayo ze-stimuli ethile kubathathi-nxaxheba abangamadoda. Ukuvusa inkanuko yesini, iqela lokulinga libukele imifanekiso yabasetyhini evuselela inkanuko. Aba bafundi bangamadoda baye bavezwa kuthotho lwezothekiso ezinxulumene nesondo nezingahambelani nesondo eziye zathathwa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziva (okt, ezibonakalayo, ezibambekayo, zokuva, kunye nezokuvumba). Umzekelo njengezotheko ezichukumisayo, abathathi-nxaxheba bacelwa ukuba babeke isandla sabo esona sikhulu kwisithuba esincinci sokuvula (ngoko umxholo wawungabonakali) kwibhakethi eneekhondom ezine ezithanjiswayo (ezinxulumene nesondo) okanye i-ertyisi ebandayo kunye nesobho yeham (enxulumene nesondo). ) ngelixa iimpumlo zabo zivaliwe ngeeplagi zoboya zomqhaphu ukuthintela ukubonwa kwawo nawaphi na amavumba afanelekileyo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lovavanyo bachaze ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba bacaphuka kakhulu ngabantu abanezotheko ezinxulumene nesondo kunabathathi-nxaxheba kwiimeko zolawulo abangazange bavuswe ngokwesondo. [6]. Ngokungqinelana noku, uphononongo olunxibeleleneyo lubonise ukuba amadoda kunye nabasetyhini baxela ukuzonya kancinci emva kokubukela ifilimu evuselela inkanuko xa babevuseleleke ngokwesondo. [7]. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukukhuthazwa ngokwesondo kunokuphazamisa izigwebo malunga nomngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo, kwaye ukuvuswa ngokwesondo kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kunempembelelo enamandla ekwenzeni izigqibo. [8]. Ngendlela efanayo kuye kwaboniswa ukuba amadoda xa evuselelwe ngokwesondo achaza ukuba ayakucinga ukuba abe neentlobano zesini nomfazi otyebe kakhulu, nto leyo echasene nemibono yabo kunye nengxelo yokuchaswa xa bengabelananga ngesondo. [9]. Ke ngoko umntu unokuxoxa ukuba ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo kunokuthoba zonke iintlobo zeendlela ezinokuthi zisebenze ngendlela yokuphepha indlela ethile yokuziphatha ngokwesondo okanye isivuseleli-inokuba kukukhubeka ngokubanzi, imida yokuziphatha (umzekelo, ukulala nomntu oneminyaka eli-12 ubudala) okanye umngcipheko wosulelo (umz. , ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom). Ngaloo ndlela, ukuvuswa ngokwesondo kunokuchaphazela iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezinceda abantu ukuba baphephe izinto ezithile (ezizonyanyekayo).

Nangona iziphumo zangaphambili zibonakala zicacisa ngokuyinxenye ukuba kutheni abantu besondela kwisivuseleli esithile kwaye bahlanganyele ngesondo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ezi ziphumo zithintelwe kwiimvakalelo ezizimeleyo okanye iindlela zokuzixela malunga neemeko ezicingelwayo. [6]-[9]. Ngoko ke kuya kubaluleka ukuphanda ngakumbi ukuba ngaba ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo okubangelwa ngumfuniselo akuphumeleli nje kuphela ekunciphiseni ukucaphuka okuxelwe ngabom kodwa kwanokulungela kwabantu ukusondela ngokukodwa kwizinto ezicekisekayo ekuqaleni. Impendulo yokuphepha ibalulekile kuba ukuzonda kunokudala umgama kwi-stimuli eyenyanyekayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela iphazamise ukuziphatha ngokwesondo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba isimilo silawulwa kukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo kwaye ngenxa yoko kunciphisa utyekelo lokukuphepha. Umzekelo, ukuncitshiswa kokucaphuka kwimeko yesondo okanye ukudibana ngokwesondo kunokulandela nje ngokunxibelelana nesivuseleli esithile. Ngaphandle koko, ezi ziphumo zangaphambili kwimpembelelo yokuvusa inkanuko yesini kwiipropathi ezizonyanyekayo zokuvuselela isondo zithintelwe ikakhulu emadodeni. [6]. Xa kujongwa iindima zokwahluka kwenguquko yamadoda nabasetyhini, uvakalelo oluphezulu lwabasetyhini lokuzonya [10], [11] kunye nokuba sesichengeni kwabo okuphezulu kusulelo [12], kuya kuba nomdla ukuphanda ukuba ngaba ezi ziphumo zomelele kwisampuli yabasetyhini. Ke ngoko, uphononongo olukhoyo lwenzelwe ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba kwabasetyhini ukwandiswa kwenkanuko yesini kuyakuthoba ukuzonyayo ekuphenduleni isivuseleli esinezothe esinxulumene nesondo. Okubalulekileyo, asizange sivavanye kuphela iimpembelelo zokuvusa inkanuko yesini kwiimvakalelo zokuzonya kodwa sikwavavanya ukuba ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo kungaququzelela eyona ndlela yabathathi-nxaxheba malunga nentshukumo eyonyanyekayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuze kuvavanywe ukuba oku kuncitshiswa kweempawu ezicekisekayo kuya kuthintelwa kuphela kwisivuseleli sesondo okanye kuya kubonisa into eqhelekileyo esebenza kwizivuseleli ezilizothe ngokubanzi, sikwaquka izinto ezilizothe ngokubanzi ezingabhekiseli ngqo kwisini (okt, non. -ezinxulumene nesondo).

Ukongeza, ubungqina obudlulileyo bucebise ukuba ukuzonda akusiyo imvakalelo edibeneyo kodwa kukho ii-subtypes ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba iindidi ezine ezahlukeneyo ze-stimuli ezonyanyekayo zinokwahlulwa, ezizezi, undoqo, isikhumbuzo sezilwanyana, ungcoliseko kunye nokuziphatha okubi. [2], [13]. Kuye kwaxoxwa ukuba ukuzonda kwavela ekunyanyeni komlomo kwaye emva kwexesha kuye kwavela ukubandakanya ezinye iinkqubo zokuzikhusela kunye nemida. [13], [14]. Emva koko, ukuzonda kuthathwa njengempendulo esisiseko kuluhlu olubanzi lwezivuseleli ezinokubonisa ungcoliseko olungacocekanga kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kwesifo. [13]. Ke ngoko, sigqibe kwelokuba sibandakanye imisebenzi yokuziphatha ebandakanya izivuseleli ezisuka kwii-subtypes ezine zezothe zokugubungela ngakumbi le mvakalelo isisiseko: inzondo engundoqo (umzekelo, ukutya ibhiskithi enombungu ophilayo kuyo), ukuzonyanyeka ngokuziphatha (umz., ukunxiba ihempe. womntwana wabantwana, onxitywa ngexesha lezenzo zokwabelana ngesondo), ukucaphuka okukhumbuza isilwanyana (umzekelo, ukubamba ithambo kwizandla zesilwanyana esifileyo) kunye nokunyanyeka kosulelo (umz., faka ibhulukhwe yangaphantsi esele isetyenzisiwe/iknikhi kwibhegi yokuhlamba impahla) [15]. Silinganise iimpendulo zabathathi-nxaxheba ezizimeleyo kunye nezokuziphatha kumxholo wezi ntlobo zine zonyanyayo.

Ukuze sivavanye ukuba inkanuko yesini ithomalalisa iimpawu ezicekisekayo zesivuseleli esithile, siye sasebenzisa ifilimu evuselela inkanuko yesini ukuvusa inkanuko yesini. Ukulawula impembelelo yemvukelo nje elungileyo siye sabandakanya ikliphu yefilimu evuselelayo ngokubanzi (ukuvuswa okulungileyo), ngelixa ikliphu yefilimu engathathi hlangothi iye yongezwa ukuze isebenze njengesiseko semeko.

indlela yokwenza

nxaxheba

Abafundi basetyhini abasempilweni (n = 90, iminyaka yobudala = 23.12; SD = 1.99) baye bagaywa kwiYunivesithi yaseGroningen ngentengiso kwizakhiwo zeyunivesithi. Uvavanyo lwapapashwa njengophononongo 'kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya evuselelayo kunye nemisebenzi yokuziphatha' kwaye akukho kukhankanywa kokucekisa okanye isini okwenziweyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukukhetha. Uvavanyo lwenziwe kunye nabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ukuze babandakanye kuphela abathathi-nxaxheba abangenalo ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo njengoko ubukho beengxaki zesondo bunokuchaphazela ukuphendula kwabathathi-nxaxheba. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba baxela ukusetyenziswa kotywala obuphakathi kunye ne-nicotine kakhulu, kwaye bonke bakhanyela ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinzima. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kolu phononongo babethandana nesini esingafaniyo kuphela. Kwakungekho mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela amathathu (p.08

Sicele abo banokuba ngabathathi-nxaxheba ukuba beze kuvavanywa elabhoratri ngomhla abanokuthi bawukhethe kwinkqubo yethu yangaphakathi eyunivesithi esetyenziswa rhoqo xa kufunwa abafundi eyunivesithi yethu. Sinike abathathi-nxaxheba ngolwazi olusemgangathweni malunga nohlobo lophononongo. Wonke umntu onokubakho ebefuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphononongo emva kokuba efunde ulwazi. Emva koko sabela ngokungenamkhethe ngamnye umthathi-nxaxheba kwelinye lamaqela alandelayo e-3: ukuvuswa ngokwesondo, ukuvuswa okuqinisekileyo kunye neqela elingathathi hlangothi. Iqela ngalinye kula mathathu lalinabathathi-nxaxheba abangama-30.

I-Mood Induction Stimuli Material

I-mood-induction stimuli yayiquka iifilimu ze-3 ezazisetyenziswe phakathi koyilo lwezifundo: i) i-erotica enobungane yabasetyhini ("de Gast" nguChristine le Duc) eyakhethwa ukuba ivuse inkanuko yesini; ii) ikliphu yezemidlalo/i-high-adrenalin arousal clip (umzekelo, i-rafting/sky diving/ayenyuka intaba) eye yanceda ukuvusa ukuvuseleleka kulawulo lohlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuvusa; kunye iii) nomboniso bhanyabhanya ongathathi hlangothi obandakanya uhambo lukaloliwe oluvezwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemiboniso, njengesiseko okanye imeko yesalathiso. Ifilimu nganye ithatha imizuzu engama-35. Ezi kliphu zefilimu zimbini zokugqibela zakhethwa liqela lophando ngokwalo kukhetho lweeklip zefilimu ezifumaneka esidlangalaleni. Ikliphu nganye yefilimu yaqinisekiswa kwaye umqhubi wavavanywa kunye neqela labafundi ababhinqileyo abali-15 abangazange bathathe inxaxheba kuphononongo lwangempela. Iifilimu ezintathu ezikhethiweyo ziphumelele ekufuneni imeko echaphazelekayo, 1 Table. Aba bafundi babukele iifilimu ezikhethiweyo ze-3 kwaye bacelwa ukuba balinganise kwi-Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) kunye nobude be-10 cm, ukuba bavakalelwa kangakanani ukuba ifilimu yayibangela ukuvakalelwa ngokubanzi (okulungileyo) kunye nokuvuswa ngokwesondo ukusuka kwi-zero = hayi kwaphela ukuya kwi-10 = kakhulu. 1 Table, ibonisa uvandlakanyo oluzimeleyo lohlobo ngalunye lwe-stimulus kwimilinganiselo eqhelekileyo yokuvusa inkanuko yesini. Ipatheni jikelele yokureyitha okuzimeleyo ingqina ubunyani bezinto ezivuselelayo, 1 Table. Ukuphonononga iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ukuba ingaba ifilimu ekhethiweyo ikwazile ukuvelisa imvakalelo ecetyiweyo, sivavanye uthelekiso olufanelekileyo ngovavanyo lwe-t, 1 Table.

ImiSebenzi yokuziphatha

Sinemisebenzi ye-16 yokuziphatha / iimpawu apho abathathi-nxaxheba bacelwa ukuba baqhube isabelo esiceliwe, imisebenzi emi-4 ngohlobo ngalunye olucekisekayo olufanelekileyo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwintshayelelo sisebenzise iintlobo ezi-4 zokucekisa ezahlukeneyo, ezizezi, undoqo, ungcoliseko, isikhumbuzo sezilwanyana, kunye nezothe zokuziphatha. IsiHlomelo S1 inikeza inkcazo eneenkcukacha yemisebenzi ye-16 yokuziphatha. Icandelwana le core disgust libandakanya imisebenzi njengoko kufakwe amanani kwi IsiHlomelo S1 oko kukuthi 1, 2, 3, 4; ukucekiswa kokuziphatha kwakuquka inombolo yomsebenzi 5, 6, 7, 8; ukuzonda isikhumbuzo sezilwanyana kwakuquka amanani omsebenzi 9, 10, 11, 12; kunye nezotheko ungcoliseko ibandakanya imisebenzi inombolo 13, 14, 15, 16. Inxalenye yale misebenzi yokuziphatha yaqulunqwa ivuselela ezinxulumene ngokwesondo okanye ukuvuselela ngokubhekisele ngqo kwisini, kubandakanywa amanani umsebenzi 5, 8, 11, 15, 16. Ezi ndidi zimbini zokugqibela zaziyi-20. ekuqaleni isigqibo, liqela lophando, eyayiqulunqwe umfundi PhD, abafundi abathathu Master kunye nonjingalwazi kwengqondo. Ukongeza thina (i-post hoc) simeme abafundi be-psychology abangama-16, abazimeleyo kwisampulu yethu ukulinganisa impembelelo (okt, imisebenzi ye-100 yokuziphatha) kwidimension ye-sex relevance. Ukulinganisa kwenziwa kwi-VAS ukusuka kwi-zero = ayifanelekanga konke konke ukuya kwi-67.5 = efanelekileyo kakhulu. Sifake eminye imilinganiselo emibini (okt, ukutya okufanelekileyo kunye nosulelo olufanelekileyo) ukwenza eyona njongo iphambili icace ngakumbi kubathathi-nxaxheba. Ubukhulu becala ezi datha zaqinisekisa ulwahlulo lwethu oluphambili, ngokuphathelene nokufaneleka ngokwesondo. Amanqaku aphakathi kwemisebenzi echaphazelekayo yesini (M = 9.8, SD = 8.6) yahluke kakhulu kumanqaku aphakathi kwezinto ezingabalulekanga ngesondo (M = 3.1, SD = XNUMX), t(19) = 22.9, p<.001, ngokubaluleka kwezesondo. I-median yayiyi-8.7 kunye namanqaku avela kwi-1.1 ukuya kwi-41.3 kwimisebenzi engafanelekanga ngokwesondo, kunye nemisebenzi echaphazelekayo yesini i-median yayingu-69.6, kwaye amanqaku avela kwi-46.4 ukuya kwi-83.9, ngokulandelanayo. Ezi nkcukacha-manani zichazayo zixhasa ukunyaniseka kwe-asayinimenti ephambili kwi-sex vs. non-sex. Nangona kunjalo, ikwabonisa ukuba uMsebenzi wesi-7 wahluke kakhulu kwezinye izinto kwiqela le-non-sex echaphazelekayo, kuba inikwe ireyithingi ephezulu kwi-sex relevance (M = 41.3). Ngoko ke, sagqiba ekubeni siqhube uhlalutyo kunye nangaphandle koMsebenzi wesi-7. Kuko konke oku kuvelise ipateni efanayo yeziphumo. Ngokusekwe kwiingxoxo kunye nengqalelo yeqela lophando elityale imali ekukhetheni imisebenzi yezesondo eyenyanyekayo kunye nenxulumene nesondo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba iziphumo azizange zitshintshe, sagqiba kwelokuba sigcine ulwahlulo oluphambili kwiindidi, ngaloo ndlela sishiya uMsebenzi wesi-7 (oko kukuthi, ukuza. ekudibaneni nehempe enxitywa ngabantwana abangamakhwenkwe) kudidi olungachasananga ngokwesini (lokuziphatha). Ngeenkcukacha bona IsiHlomelo S3. Ababhali bazimisele ukwabelana ngohlalutyo olongezelelweyo nabafundi abanomdla. Nceda uqhagamshelane nombhali wokuqala ngezicelo ezinjalo.

Umsebenzi ngamnye ubunamanyathelo amane anikwe ngumvavanyi phezu kwesithethi: i) jonga umsebenzi; ii) ukukala imbonakalo yomsebenzi; iii) enze umsebenzi; kwaye njengenyathelo lokugqibela, iv) ukukala umsebenzi emva kokugqitywa. Njengesalathiso sokuthembeka, senza i-alpha yeCronbach ngokusekelwe kwi-subjective elicited disgust njengoko ilinganiswe yi-VAS, inyathelo 1. I-alpha ye-Cronbach ye-alpha ye-non-sex stimuli yayingu-85; kunye nokuvuselela okunxulumene nesondo.76 ngoko ke ukuthembeka kwazo zombini izikali ngokwemiqathango yokuhambelana kwangaphakathi kwakusanelisayo; ukongezelela sibale i-alpha yeCronbach ye-4 disgust subtypes: i-core disgust stimuli.76; isilwanyana-isikhumbuzo sezothe stimuli.74; ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwenyanyeka.53; kunye nongcoliseko lwezothe subtype.75. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokugqitywa ukuba ukuthembeka kwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo esetyenzisiweyo kolu phando kuyanelisa, kunye ne-stimuli yokuziphatha kuphela enokubambisana okuphantsi kwangaphakathi.

Amanyathelo

I-Digust Propensity kunye ne-Sensitivity Scale ehlaziyiweyo (DPSS-R)

I-DPSS-R yi-questionnaire yento ye-16 equka ama-subscales amabini aqinisekisiweyo alinganisa i-trait disgust propensity (okt, ukuthambekela ukuphendula ngokuzondayo kwizinto ezinokuthi zenyanye) kunye ne-trait disgust sensitivity (okt, ukuvandlakanywa kokunyameka) [16]. Abathathi-nxaxheba bafunde izindululo ezilishumi elinesithandathu malunga nokuphindaphindeka kokuziva komzimba okunxulumene nokuzonya (umz., ''Izinto ezilizothe zenza isisu sam sijike" ukuthambekela, kwaye ''Ndicinga ukuba ukuzonyanyeka kubi kum, Kuyandoyikisa xa ndiziva ngathi ndiyafa isiqaqa. kubuntununtunu), kwaye ibonise ukuba yeyiphi eyona isetyenziswa kubo kwisikali ukusuka ku-1 = ungaze uye ku-5 = rhoqo. I-DPSS-R iqinisekisiwe kwaye isetyenziswe kwinani lezifundo [16] kwaye sisalathiso sokuqala esilinganisa ukuthambekela kokwenyanyeka kunye nobuntununtunu bezotheko nokuba ngaba baxhokonxileyo. [17]. Umlinganiselo ubonakaliswe ukuba uhambelana ngaphakathi [16] kwaye ibonise ukunyaniseka okuqikelelweyo kokufumana ukucekisa kwimisebenzi yovavanyo eyonyanyekayo kuyo yonke imimandla yezotheko efanelekileyo. [18]. Kwizifundo zangaphambili isikali sibonakaliswe sinokwethenjelwa, kunye ne-DPSS-R kunye ne-subscales yayo 'i-insistency yangaphakathi yonke ngaphezu kwe-alpha ye-Cronbach ye-78. [18], [19]. Kwisampulu yethu, i-alpha yeCronbach ye-digust sensitivity yayiyi-72 kunye ne-75 yokunyanyiswa kwe-propensity.

IiReyithingi zokuHlola ngokweemvakalelo

Abathathi-nxaxheba banikwa amaphepha amabini ane-Visual Analogue Scales (VASs): ukulinganisa impembelelo yomsebenzi (inyathelo 1) kunye nelinye emva kokuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe, inyathelo lesi-4. I-VAS yayijoliswe ukulinganisa uvavanyo lwabo lwemeko yabo yangoku umz. wonyanya kangakanani ngalomzuzu? Abathathi-nxaxheba bafanele bamakishe ngepeni kwi-VAS eyayisuka kwi-zero = ayikho yonke into kwi-10 = kakhulu. Njengomlinganiselo wefuthe elibangelwa zikliphu zefilimu (itshekhi yokukhohlisa), sikwafake ne-VAS ukulinganisa imvakalelo yabo yokuvusa inkanuko yesini. Ukongezelela, abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka babonise ukusebenzisa amanqaku okubini ukuba ngaba bawugqibile ngokwenene okanye bagqiba ekubeni bangawenzi umsebenzi, kunye ne-zero = engenziwanga okanye i-1 = igqityiwe.

Procedure

Uvavanyo lwenzeka kwigumbi elizolileyo, elahlulwe kwigumbi lomfunisi ngescreen esisecaleni. Abathathi-nxaxheba babehleli phambi kwesikrini esikhulu sokubonisa (i-1.5 × 1.5 imitha) kwaye babe netafile phambi kwabo ukuqhuba imisebenzi. Umfunisi wayekwelinye icala legumbi emva kwesahluli sendlela enye, ukusuka apho kwakunokwenzeka ukujonga umthathi-nxaxheba ngelixa enika imiyalelo nge-microphone, amanyathelo 1-4. Abathathi-nxaxheba baye balunyukiswa phambi kokuba baqalise ukulinga ukuba banokucelwa ukuba bajonge imifanekiso evuselela inkanuko yesini kwaye bacelwe ukuba bachukumise okanye benze izinto abangazifumani zingathandekiyo. Baxelelwa ukuba banokugqiba ekubeni bangasiqhubeli inyathelo lesi-3 (esona sigaba sokwenza/ukusondela) somsebenzi baze banike ingxelo yokuba baye benza okanye bayala. Kwimeko yokungagqitywa komsebenzi (okt, ukungagqibi inyathelo lesi-3), umthathi-nxaxheba wacelwa ukuba acinge ngokungathi uye wawenza ngokwenene umsebenzi oceliweyo kwaye alinganise iimvakalelo eziceliweyo. Akukho mthathi-nxaxheba okhethe ukurhoxa kuphononongo emva kokuba ingcaciso inikwe.

Uyilo lophononongo lubandakanya ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka babukele ifilimu yemizuzu emi-5 ukuseta umoya. Emva koko, isikrini samiselwa ukuba sibe ngumkhenkce, kwaye umfunisi wazisa isivuseleli esinye. Emva kwemisebenzi emibini (oko kukuthi, i-stimulus enye ngexesha), ifilimu yaqhubeka kwimizuzu ye-2 ngaphambi kokuba isikrini sibekwe ukuba sikhenkceze kwaye i-2 elandelayo imisebenzi / i-stimuli iboniswe njalo njalo, de bagqibe isethi epheleleyo yemisebenzi ye-16 yokuziphatha. . Amanyathelo asi-8 (amanyathelo ama-4 ovuselelo ngalunye) omsebenzi wokuziphatha kwafuneka agqitywe ngelixa ifilim iye yanqunyanyiswa kwaye isikrini sikhenkcezisiwe. Ngomsebenzi ngamnye, abathathi-nxaxheba banikwa iphepha lokujonga i-leaf-leaf sheet (enye yokulinganisa kwi-impression yomsebenzi - inyathelo 1 kunye nelinye lokulinganisa emva kokuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe - inyathelo lesi-4) kumsebenzi ngamnye we-16. Imisebenzi ye-16 yayichasene: ngokukodwa sasine-odolo ezi-4 ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ibhalansi. Iphepha ngalinye lokureyitha lanikwa inani elahluka ngokwemeko kunye neqela/i-odolo ababelwe kuyo ngokungacwangciswanga. Emva kokuba imilinganiselo yokuziphatha igqityiwe, abathathi-nxaxheba banikwa uluhlu lwemibuzo ukuba bazalise ngasese. Ekugqibeleni, abathathi-nxaxheba baxoxwa ngokupheleleyo malunga nenjongo yovavanyo, ukuvuselela kunye nohlobo lwemisebenzi yokuziphatha. IsiHlomelo S1 Ubonisa imisebenzi yokuziphatha njengoko ibonwa ngabathathi-nxaxheba, kunye nokuba yintoni equkwe luvuselelo ngokwenyani.

Iziphungo zanikwa abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nesipho semali esincinci, oko kukuthi, i-10 Euros. Ixesha elipheleleyo lovavanyo lithathe iiyure ezi-2 kumthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye. Olu pho nonongo luvunywe yiYunivesithi yaseGroningen Psychology Ethical Committee, ECP (ECP-code 10336-NE). Ngaphezu koko, imvume ebhaliweyo ebhaliweyo ifunyenwe kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ababandakanyekayo kuphononongo.

iziphumo

Ukujongwa ngokuLawulwa kokuVuselelwa ngokwesondo njengeMood yoMdla

Njengomtsheki wobuqhophololo wokuchaphazeleka okubangelwe kwiqela ngalinye, senze uhlalutyo lwendlela enye yokwahluka (ANOVA) ukuvavanya impembelelo yokuvusa inkanuko yesini njengomoya okhuthaza umdla, kwiqela (ukuvuswa ngokwesondo, ukuvuseleleka okulungileyo kunye nokungathathi hlangothi / isiseko) impembelelo yomsebenzi onikiweyo, iNyathelo 1. Oko kukuvavanya ukuba isimo sengqondo esibangelwe sisebenze ngempumelelo kuyo yonke imisebenzi eli-16 ekwakufuneka igqitywe (inyathelo loku-1 lomsebenzi ngamnye). Kwakukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqela e-3 kwimilinganiselo yokuvusa inkanuko yesini F(2, 87) = 12.71, p<.01. Ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kokungeniswa kwemizwelo, ukuthelekiswa kwe-post hoc usebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-LSD kubonise ukuba iqela lokuvuselela ngokwesondo libonise amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu ekuvukeleni ngokwesondo (M = 1.4, SD = 1.0), xa kuthelekiswa neqela elingathathi hlangothi (M = .53, SD = .82, p<.01) kunye neqela elihle lokuvusa (M = .40, SD = .59, p<.01).

I-Propensity kunye ne-Sensitivity Disgust Traits njengoko iMelwa yi-DPSS-R

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthelekiswa kwamaqela amathathu malunga ne-trait disgust sensitivity (DPSS-Sensitivity) okanye / kunye ne-trait disgust propensity (DPSS-Propensity), siqhube phakathi kweqela le-ANOVA kwezi ziguquko. Ukuxhasa ulwabiwo olulinganayo lwamanqaku kwezi mpawu zobuntu ezicekisekayo kumaqela onke, akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela e-3 kwi-trait disgust sensitivity. F(2, 87) = 1.79, p = .2, η = .04 okanye uphawu lokuzonda ukuthambekela F(2, 87) = .95, p>.4, η = .02. Iindlela kwi-DPSS-Sensitivity yayingu-9.2, 8.9, kunye ne-10.8; kanti kwi-DPSS-Propensity iindlela zaziyi-16.6, 16.3, kunye ne-15.4, yokuvuselela ngokwesondo, ukuvuswa okulungileyo kunye neqela elingathathi hlangothi, ngokulandelanayo.

Impembelelo yokuVukazeka ngokwesondo kwiimvakalelo ezivezwayo zokuzonya ngesondo elizothekileyo ngokuchasene neSivuseleli esiNxulumene neSini

I-ANOVA exubeneyo, kunye neqela le-3 (ukuvuswa ngokwesondo, ukuvuswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokungathathi hlangothi) njengento ephakathi kwesihloko × uhlobo lwe-2 (enxulumene nesondo kunye nomsebenzi onyanyekayo ongeyiyo yesini) njengento ephakathi kwesifundo, yaqhutyelwa ukuhlola impembelelo ye ukufakwa kwemood kwimbono yokwenyanya kwisondo kunye nemisebenzi eyonyanyekayo engahambelani nesondo. Kwakukho umphumo ophambili weqela F(2, 87) = 4.52, p<.01, η = .09 kunye nesiphumo esiphambili sohlobo lwe-stimulus F(1, 87) = 4.98, p<.05, η = .05. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphumo ziphambili zaqinisekiswa lunxibelelwano olubalulekileyo lohlobo lwe-stimulus * iqela F(2, 87) = 4.63, p<.01, η = .10.

Ukuphonononga ngakumbi eli xesha lokunxibelelana, siqhube iindlela ezimbini ze-ANOVA zokuthelekisa amaqela amathathu kumazinga awonyanyekayo kuyo yomibini imisebenzi eyonyanyekayo enxulumene nesini kunye nemisebenzi eyenyanyekayo engahambelani nesondo. Eyokuqala i-ANOVA enemilinganiselo yesivuseleli esinxulumene nesondo ibonise umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqela F(2, 87) = 6.35, p<.01. Ngaloo ndlela senza uthelekiso lwe-post hoc sisebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-LSD ezibonise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lokuvuselela ngokwesondo balinganisa i-stimuli ehambelana nesondo kakhulu ecekisekayo kuneqela elihle lokuvusa (M-diff = -1.22, SD = .44, p<.01) kunye nenyameko engaphantsi kuneqela elingathathi hlangothi (M-diff = -1.47, SD = .44, p<.01). Kwakungekho mahluko anentsingiselo phakathi kokuvuswa okulungileyo kunye neqela elingathathi hlangothi (p = .58). Kwi-ANOVA yesibini kunye ne-non-sex stimuli, ipateni yehlabathi yayifana kakhulu nangona umahluko weqela awuzange ufikelele kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo lokubaluleka kwezibalo. F(2, 87) = 2.86, p = .06. Nangona kunjalo, uthelekiso oludibeneyo kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo ze-LSD lubonise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lokuvuselela ngokwesondo balinganisa i-non-sex stimuli njengento enyanyekayo kuneqela lokulawula elingathathi hlangothi (M-diff = -1.06, SD = .46, p<.05). Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi 2 Table, umahluko phakathi kokuvuselela ngokwesondo kunye neqela elikhuthazayo alizange lifikelele ukubaluleka (p = .57) kwaye akukho mahluko phakathi kokuvuswa okulungileyo kunye neqela lokulawula elingathathi hlangothi (p = .08). IsiHlomelo S2 ubonisa iindlela zokureyithwa kokucatshukiswa ngokuziphendulela kumsebenzi ngamnye wokuziphatha we-16 kwiqela ngalinye, kwaye ibonisa ukuba iphethini yeziphumo yayihambelana kakhulu kuyo yonke imisebenzi.

Impembelelo yokuVukanyelwa ngokwesondo kwiimvakalelo ezivezwayo zokwanyanya ukusuka kwiintlobo ezincinci zezotheko.

I-ANOVA exubileyo, kunye neqela le-3 (ukuvuswa ngokwesondo, ukuvuswa okuqinisekileyo kunye nokungathathi hlangothi) phakathi kwe-subject factor × 4 uhlobo (ingundoqo, isikhumbuzo sezilwanyana, ukungcola kunye nokuziphatha okubi) njengento engaphakathi kwesifundo, yenzelwe ukuvavanya impembelelo yesimo sengqondo. Ukungeniswa kwiimvakalelo zokwenyanya ezivela kwii-subtypes ezine zonyanyayo. Kwakukho umphumo obalulekileyo weqela F(2, 87) = 3.34, p<.05, η = .07 kunye nesiphumo esiphambili sohlobo olucekisekayo F(3, 85) = 49.64, p<.01, η = .36. Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho lunxibelelwano lubalulekileyo lohlobo * lweqela F(6, 172) = 1.0, p = 42, η = .02 ngenxa yoko, le mpembelelo yeqela yayifana nayo yonke i-subtypes enyanyekayo. Ipateni yeendlela ze-4 subtypes ibonise ukuba ukunyanyiswa kwesilwanyana kubangele ukuzonyaniswa okuphezulu, okulandelwa ngundoqo, ukungcola kunye nokuziphatha okubi okunyanyiswayo njengoko kubonisiwe 3 Table.

Impembelelo yenkanuko yesini kwiNdlela yoKuziphatha ngokweyona ndlela kunye nokuSetyenziswa koMsebenzi

Apha, senze umlinganiselo ophindaphindiweyo we-ANOVA kunye neqela le-3 (ukuvuswa ngokwesondo vs. ukuvuswa okuqinisekileyo vs ukungathathi hlangothi) × uhlobo lwe-2 (enxulumene nesondo kunye nemisebenzi enyanyekayo engeyiyo yesini) kwipesenti yomsebenzi ogqityiweyo. Kwakungekho lunxibelelwano lubalulekileyo phakathi kohlobo * lweqela, iiWilks λ = .98, F(2, 87) = .79, p = .46, η = .02. Kwakungekho siphumo siphambili sohlobo lomsebenzi uWilks λ = .97, F(1, 87) = 2.10, p = .15, η = .02. Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho isiphumo esibalulekileyo seqela F(2, 87) = 7.71, p<.01, η = .15. Ngokuhambelana nokuqikelelwa, ukuthelekisa okudibeneyo kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo ze-LSD kubonise ukuba iqela lokuvuselela ngokwesondo lenze imisebenzi emininzi kakhulu kuneqela elingathathi hlangothi (M-diff = 16.76, SD = 5.76, p<.01) kunye neqela elihle lokuvusa (M-diff = 21.53, SD = 5.76, p<.01). Iqela elikhuthazayo elihle alizange lihluke kwiqela elingathathi hlangothi (M-diff = -4.77, SD = 5.76, p>.05). Ngokuhambelana ne-hypothesis yethu yomibini kwimisebenzi eyenyanyekayo enxulumene nesondo kunye nemisebenzi engahambelani nesondo, iqela lokuvuselela ngokwesondo liqhube eyona pesenti ephezulu yemisebenzi xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaqela amabini. Kwimisebenzi enxulumene nesondo iindlela bezingama-89.33%, 65.33%, kunye ne-74.01% yokuvuswa ngokwesondo, ukuvuseleleka okuqinisekileyo kunye neqela elingathathi hlangothi, ngokulandelelanayo. Ngokufanayo, kwimisebenzi engahambelani nesondo iindlela zomsebenzi owenziweyo zaziyi-84.95%, 65.90%, kunye ne-66.77% yokuvuselela ngokwesondo, ukuvuswa okufanelekileyo kunye neqela elingathathi hlangothi ngokulandelanayo.

Ukuvuswa Kwezesondo Kumodareyitha UkuNcitshiswa Kokucaphuka Okulandela Ukusetyenzwa Komsebenzi

Ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba ukuvuswa ngokwesondo okunyanzeliswayo ukongezelela kumodareyitha ukuhla kweemvakalelo zokuzonya kulandela owona msebenzi owenziwayo, siqhube iqela le-3 (ukuvuswa ngokwesondo, ukuvuswa okuqinisekileyo, ukungathathi hlangothi) × 2 uhlobo (enxulumene nesondo kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nesondo) × 2 ixesha (umsebenzi wangaphambili, ukusebenza komsebenzi wesithuba) uxube i-ANOVA ekucekiseni okubangelwe. Umphumo ophambili wexesha waphawulwa F(1, 87) = 10.6, p. Nangona kunjalo belingekho ixesha*unxibelelwano lweqela F(1, 87) = .71, p = .49, η = .02. Ke ngoko, esi siphumo sifunyenwe siyafana kuwo onke la maqela mathathu, kungekho bungqina bubonisa ukuba ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo ngokubanzi kunciphisa iimvakalelo zokuzonya kulandela ukusebenza komsebenzi. Ukongeza, isiphumo sexesha sahluka kuzo zombini iindidi zomsebenzi F(1, 87) = 7.35, p<.01, η = .08. Oku kubonise ukuba ukonyuka kokucaphuka ukusuka kwintsebenzo yangaphambili ukuya kwisithuba somsebenzi kwakunamandla kakhulu kwizinto ezikhuthazayo ezingezona ezesondo. t(89) = 3.81, p<.001, η = .02. Akukho nanye yeempembelelo eziphambili kunye nentsebenziswano, kubandakanywa ukusebenzisana kwe-3 phakathi kweqela, uhlobo lokuvuselela kunye nexesha elifikelele ekubalulekeni. Lo mzekelo weziphumo awuzange uxhase umbono wokuqala, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa ukunyanyiswa kuya kuba namandla kakhulu kwiqela lokuvuselela ngokwesondo.

Uvavanyo lokuLamla

Ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba impembelelo yokwenziwa kovavanyo (A, iqela elivuselela inkanuko yesini, ngokuchasene neqela elingathathi hlangothi nelilungileyo) kwindlela yokuziphatha ngexesha lokwenyani umsebenzi wokuziphatha (C, Umsebenzi wokuziphatha), ulamlwa lutshintsho kwi-subjective disgust (B, VAS). -ukuzonda) senze uhlalutyo lwe-3 lomgca wokubuyisela umva wokukhangela ukucinga (A> C, A> B, B>C), emva koko senza uhlalutyo oluninzi kunye no (A, B> C) ukuvavanya umphumo wolamlo we (B) . Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi Umzobo 1, kwakukho umkhwa wolamlo oluyinxenye kunye (B) usenza igalelo elibalulekileyo elikhethekileyo, (β = .28, p<.005) kwakhona xa zombini (A kunye no-B) zifakwe kwi-equation. Ngaloo ndlela impembelelo yokuvuswa ngokwesondo okunyanzeliswayo ekuziphatheni kwendlela yokuziphatha ayizange ihlanjululwe ngokupheleleyo yimpembelelo yokuvusa ngokwesondo kwi-subjective disgust. Ke ngoko, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye notshintsho kwi-subjective disgust lubonakala luziziphumo ezizimeleyo zenkanuko yesini.

UkuLawula impembelelo njengoMsebenzi weTrait Disgust

Okokugqibela siye saphonononga, ukuba ingaba isiphumo sokuvuswa kwenkanuko yesini sinokwahluka ngokwenqanaba lokuzixela ngokwezotheko (okt, ukuzonyanya). Senze uhlengahlengiso oluphindwe kabini, uhlalutyo lokuqala ukuxela kwangaphambili ukunyanyeka okuziphendulelayo kunye nohlalutyo lwesibini lokuxela kwangaphambili ipesenti yemisebenzi yokuziphatha egqityiweyo. Sifake iQela, kunye ne-DPSS-Propensity disgust trait kwinqanaba lokuqala kwaye kwinqanaba lesibini sabandakanya ixesha lokusebenzisana (Iqela * I-Disgust trait). Ngokuhambelana nokulindela uhlalutyo lokuqala lubonise ukuba umphumo oyintloko we-DPSS-Propensity ufikelele kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo lokubaluleka (β = .40, p = .02). Kwinqanaba lesibini i-DPSS-propensity igcine ukubaluleka ngelixa ixesha lokusebenzisana (Iqela*I-Disgust trait) alizange libe negalelo elikhulu kumzekelo (p = .49). Ngaloo ndlela ngokuhambelana nokuqikelelwa, ngokuzimeleyo kwi-manipulation yefilimu, abathathi-nxaxheba bezothekileyo baphendule ngokubanzi ngokunyanya ngakumbi ngexesha lemisebenzi enikezelweyo. Ngokufanayo, senze uhlalutyo lwesibini lokuhlehla ukuvavanya impembelelo ye-trait disgust (oko kukuthi, i-DPSS-propensity) kwindlela yokuziphatha. Kwinqanaba lokuqala i-DPSS-Propensity ifikelele kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo lokubaluleka (β = -4.9, p = .04) ngeli lixa kwinyathelo lesibini igama lentsebenziswano Iqela*Isenzo sezotheso asikhange sisondele ekubalulekeni (p = .11). Oku kufunyanisiweyo kubonisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bezonyanya kakhulu bagqibezele imisebenzi encinci yokuziphatha.

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Iziphumo eziphambili zingashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: okokuqala, iqela lokuvuselela ngokwesondo lilinganisa i-sex ehlobene ne-stimuli enyanyekayo njengento ecekisekayo kakhulu xa ithelekisa zombini neqela elingathathi hlangothi kunye neqela elikhuthazayo. Umzila ofanayo (ongabalulekanga) wabonakala kwizinto ezingezona zesini. Okwesibini, kuyo yomibini imisebenzi eyenyanyekayo enxulumene nesondo kunye nengeyiyo eyesondo, iqela elivuselela inkanuko yesini liqhube eyona pesenti iphezulu yemisebenzi, ebonisa ukuba ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo ngokwenene kuyayigxininisa. ngokwenene indlela yokusondela kwizinto ezilizothe.

Ngokuhambelana noqikelelo, xa kuqwalaselwa ngokuthe ngqo iqela elivuselela inkanuko yesini, eli qela libonise ukucutha ukuzonda okunxulumene nesondo (kunye nomgangatho othile nakwizinto ezingahambelani nesondo). Esi siphumo sokuvuswa ngokwesondo ekunyanyeni asinakubangelwa kuphela ukuvuswa okulungileyo, ngenxa yokuba imiphumo, ngokukodwa kwinqanaba lokuziphatha, yayikhawulelwe kwimeko yokuvuselela ngokwesondo. Ezi ziphumo zihambelana neziphumo zophando olwenziwa ngaphambili kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abangamadoda [6]. Nangona kuphononongo lwangaphambili iziphumo bezithintelwe kukuzonyanyeka okubhekiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwisondo, kolu phando lwangoku isiphumo sokuvuswa ngokwesondo okuye kwabonakala nakwizivuseleli ezingabhekiseli ngqo kwisini, IsiHlomelo S2. Lo mahluko ubonakalayo phakathi kwezifundo mhlawumbi unokubalelwa kubunzulu boqheliso lokulinga njengoko uStevenson kunye noogxa bakhe basebenzisa izilayidi endaweni yekliphu yefilimu ukuvusa inkanuko yesini. [6].

Uphononongo lwangoku lubonisa ubungqina bokuba, ngokufanayo namadoda, ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo kwabasetyhini kunciphisa ukuzonya okubangelwa yinto ethile eyenyanyekayo. [6]. Okubalulekileyo, nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zethu zihamba phambili kunokuphindaphinda idatha yokuzixela yezifundo ezikhankanywe ngasentla ngokubonisa ukuba ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo kukwachaphazela indlela yokuziphatha yabathathi-nxaxheba kwaye ithoba imikhwa yokwenyani. Oku kubonakala kufanelekileyo apha, xa umntu ecinga ukuba ukuzonda okuzichazayo akulamli ifuthe lemeko yovavanyo ekuzimiseleni ukusondela kunye nokwenza imisebenzi. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo kubonakala kunempembelelo enkulu ezimeleyo kumava okucekisa kunye notyekelo lwabantu lokuphepha i-distim-relevant stimuli.

Nangona, abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lokuvuselela ngokwesondo balinganisa i-stimuli engafanelekanga ngokwesondo njengento ecekisekayo ngaphantsi kweqela elingathathi hlangothi lokulawula, loo mahluko wawungekho phakathi kokuvuswa ngokwesondo- kunye neqela elihle lokuvusa. Oku kungabonisa ukuba impembelelo yefilimu yesondo kwi-subjective disgust iqhutywa ikakhulu ziipropati ezivuselelayo zefilimu efanayo yesini. Ke ngoko, impembelelo yefilim yesondo ekuqondeni okuphathekayo kwezesondo ezifanelekileyo eziyenyanyekayo zinokuqhutywa ngamandla ayo athile okuvuselela inkanuko yesini, ngelixa isiphumo sawo ekuxatyisweni kwento ecekisekayo engeyiyo yesini inokuqhutywa ngakumbi ngokuqhelekileyo (isondo). ezizimeleyo) iipropati ezivuselelayo. Impembelelo yefilim yesondo kwindlela yokwenyani yabathathi-nxaxheba malunga nesondo echaphazelekayo kunye nesondo engabalulekanga elicekisayo libonakala liqhutywa ngamandla alo okuvuselela inkanuko yesini, njengoko iifilimu ezivuselela isondo ezingabalulekanga azizange zichaphazele utyekelo lokuphepha lwabathathi-nxaxheba (nakwabangabelana ngesondo). okanye ngokwesini esifanelekileyo kwimisebenzi eyenyanyekayo). Ngokudibeneyo ipateni yangoku yeziphumo ayibonisi nje kuphela ukuba iimvakalelo kunye nokuphepha ukuzonda kubonisa (ngokuyinxenye) iziganeko ezizimeleyo, zikwacebisa ukuba ziphenjelelwa ngokwahlukileyo ngokuvuselela ngokwesondo. Mhlawumbi eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kumxholo wangoku, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba zombini impembelelo yokuphakama kwenkanuko yesini kwizotheko kunye nokuphepha okubangelwa kukuzonya kuya kwenza kube lula ukubandakanyeka kwisondo esonwabileyo kwaye kunokuba yingxaki ukuba enye yezi zimbini. ayiphenjelelwa okanye iguqulwe yinkanuko yesini.

Ukusuka kwimbono yeklinikhi ezi ziphumo zingabonisa ukuba ukungabikho kokuvuswa ngokwesondo (mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuvuselela okungafanelekanga) kunokuphazamisa isondo esisebenzayo, njengoko kunokuthintela ukunciphisa ukunyanyiswa kunye nokunyameka okuhambelana nokutyekela ukuphepha. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ukuvuswa ngokwesondo kuphantsi (ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokwenzeka), iimpawu ezinyanyekayo ze-stimuli ethile, ezichaphazelekayo ekubandakanyekeni kwisondo esimnandi, kunye nokuthandabuza ukusondela kwezi zivuseleli azithinteli. Ngenxa yoko, oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo, kunye nokungabikho kwe-lubrication ye-vaginal, enokuthi inyuse i-friction kwaye ibangele iingxaki ezifana neentlungu kunye nokwabelana ngesondo. Ngaloo ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ibhinqa linokufumana unxulumano olubi nesini kwaye liqalise ukukuphepha ngokupheleleyo ukuba neentlobano zesini. Okuhambelana noku, izifundo zethu zangaphambili kunye nabasetyhini abahluphekayo vaginismus (Ukuphazamiseka kwentlungu ye-genito-pelvic / ukuphazamiseka kokungena) baye babonisa ukuba bafumana iimpendulo ezinyanyekayo ezibhekiselele ekuvuseleleni i-erotic kwi-subjective kunye nakwizinga elizenzekelayo. [4], [5]. Ngaphezu koko, into yokuba izinto ezivuselela isondo eziye zabonakala zibangela ukuzonda endaweni yokuvusa inkanuko kwabasetyhini abaphethwe yi-vaginismus inokuyenza mandundu ngakumbi ingxaki. Oku kuyafaneleka apha, kuba impendulo eqhelekileyo yokucaphuka kukuziphatha kokuphepha ukuze udale umgama ukusuka kwizinto ezizonyanyekayo. Ke, kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba ezi ngxaki zesondo zinokunxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ekuvuselelekeni ngokwesondo okuphantsi, okuthe ngenxa yoko kunika indawo ethe kratya yokufumana ukonyanya, okukhokelela ekujongeni phantsi kunye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kobunzima babo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo.

Ukunciphisa okubangelwa kukwabelana ngesondo okubangelwa ukuphepha kwabantu kwizinto ezithintekayo zokuzonya kwakungathintelwanga kwi-sex stimuli kodwa kubonakala kubonisa into eqhelekileyo ekwasebenza nakwizinto ezinyanyekayo ngokubanzi. Isiphumo sokuba ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo kwakufana ngokufanayo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zikwagxininisa ngakumbi isigqibo sokuba impembelelo yokuvusa inkanuko yesini ibonisa into eqhelekileyo (engathintelwanga kwisivuseleli esinezothe esinxulumene nesondo okanye naluphi na uhlobo lonyanyeko).

Ukungabikho kokunciphisa (ngokwesondo) ukunyanya emva kokuvezwa kwangempela kwimisebenzi enyanyekayo (elandela ukuvuswa ngokwesondo) kunokubonisa ukuba akukho mpembelelo eyongezelelweyo kwizinga lokuhlala. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yempembelelo ebuthakathaka yokuvuswa ngokwesondo kwiimvakalelo zokuqala zokunyanya ekuqaleni, kwakukho umahluko phakathi kweemeko, okushiya indawo encinci yokunciphisa ngakumbi kwiqela lokuvuselela ngokwesondo.

Unyino kunye neZifundo eziQhubelekayo

Eminye imida kufuneka ikhankanyiwe: ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yobuchule bethu bokulinga siye sathembela ngokupheleleyo kwiireyithingi ezizimeleyo zokuvuseleleka ngokwesondo kwabathathi-nxaxheba; Kuya kuba nomdla ukubona ukuba le filimu ikliphu nayo iphumelele ekuvuseleleni ukuvuseleleka komzimba ukongeza kwinkanuko yesini. Umlinganiselo womzimba (umzekelo, i-vaginal photoplethysmograph) uya kufaneleka kuba xa sithetha ngokungqongqo, kuyilo lwangoku akunakuthintelwa ukuba uvavanyo- kunye neemfuno zomfuniselo zinokudlala indima ekurekweni kwabathathi-nxaxheba kumbuzo wetshekhi wokukhohlisa malunga nokuvuseleleka kwabo ngokwesondo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokubonwa njengento engenakwenzeka, njengoko inyani yokuba, kwinqanaba lokuziphatha ngokukodwa iqela elivusa inkanuko yesini libonise ukuziphatha okungaphantsi kokuphepha kuya kungqubana nenkcazo yemfuno.

Ngaphaya koko, nangona olu phononongo lubhekisa kwimisebenzi eyonyanyekayo enxulumene nesondo kunye nemisebenzi eyenyanyekayo engahambelani nesondo, asinakuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo, ukuba into esiyichaza njengenxulumene nesondo ngokwenene yahlukile kwizinto ezizothekileyo ezinxulumene nesondo kwimbono yabathathi-nxaxheba bangoku. ngokunxulumene nesondo (vs. non-sex efanelekileyo). Nangona kunjalo, ubukhulu becala iireyithingi zeqela elizimeleyo labathathi-nxaxheba ziqinisekise ubunyaniso becandelo langoku kuluhlu olunxulumene nesini ngokuchasene nodidi olunxulumene nesini. Nangona kusafuneka kuvunywe ukuba umsebenzi obhekiselele kwihempe enxitywe ngumntu ohamba nomntwana wahluke ngokucacileyo malunga nokubaluleka kwezesondo exeliweyo ukusuka kwezinye izinto ezivuselelayo (ezaziphambili ezibekelwe udidi olungezizo ezesondo). Ke ngoko, siphinda siqhuba uhlalutyo ngaphandle kwalo msebenzi uthile. Ukususa lo msebenzi kwakungenayo impembelelo enentsingiselo kwisiphumo sohlalutyo. Oku kwenza ukuba kungenzeki ukuba ukungabikho kwempembelelo yokwahluka kwenkanuko yesini kwisini esifanelekileyo ngokuchasene nesivuseleli esibandakanyekayo esingachasananga ngokwesondo kunokubalelwa kwiziphene ekuhleleni imisebenzi yethu, ngaloo ndlela sigcina ukunyaniseka kwepateni yangoku yeziphumo.

Utyekelo oluzenzekelayo lokuphepha lunokuthi lubandakanyeke ngokubalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezichaphazelayo, zokuziphatha kunye nezomzimba ezifanelekileyo malunga nokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo. Ke ngoko, kuya kubaluleka ukuqhubela phambili nokuphanda ukuba ngaba iziphumo zolu phononongo zikwabonakala kwimpendulo yezotheyo ezenzekelayo, eguqukayo enokuvavanywa kusetyenziswa i-electromyography (EMG) yovavanyo. i-levator labii [4] okanye izihlunu ze-pelvic floor [20] njengeempendulo ezingalawulekiyo zokuzikhusela.

Ukongezelela, kuya kuba mnandi ukuphanda impembelelo yokuvuswa ngokwesondo kwizinto ezinyanyekayo ezifuna i-stimuli ethile kumaqela ahlukeneyo. Mhlawumbi kwabasetyhini abanokukhubazeka ngokwesondo okufana ne-dyspareunia okanye i-vaginismus, ukuvuswa akuchaphazeli ukuzonya okunokunceda ukuchaza ukwenzeka kunye nokuzingisa kweentlungu zesondo okanye iimpawu zobunini.

izigqibo

Iziphumo zangoku ziphucula ukuqonda kwethu ukuba inkanuko yesini idlala njani ngokucekisa kunye nezotheko ezivuselela iipropathi zesini kunye nezingahambelani nesini esinezothe kwabasetyhini. Ngokukodwa, ezi ziphumo ziqhubela phambili isiseko soncwadi esele sikhona ngokubonisa ukuba olu dlelwane luhamba ngaphaya kweengxelo ezizimeleyo ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokuziphatha ngokuququzelela indlela yokwenene kwi-stimuli efanayo. Ngamanye amazwi, olu phononongo lunokunceda ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda kwethu kwi-quandary malunga nokuba kutheni abantu besakwazi ukuzibandakanya kwisondo esonwabisayo nangona indalo enyanyekayo yezinto ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo ekuziphatheni ngokwesondo. Uluhlu lwangoku lweziphumo alubonisi nje ukuba ukuvuswa okuphezulu kwezesondo kunokuququzelela indlela yokuziphatha eqhelekileyo ngokwesondo kodwa ikwacebisa ukuba ukuvuseleleka okuphantsi ngokwesondo kunokuba yinto ephambili kugcino lweengxaki ezithile zesini okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

Ukuxhasa ulwazi

IsiHlomelo S1.

Le misebenzi yokuziphatha inikwe i-randomized kwisethi ye-2, ixesha ngalinye lilandela ikliphu yefilimu ye-2 imizuzu. Umsebenzi ngamnye wanikwa amanyathelo ama-4 (khangela indlela yokwenza).

(DOC)

IsiHlomelo S2.

Iindlela kunye (SD) ukutenxa okusemgangathweni kwe-subjective disgust ratings kumsebenzi ngamnye wokuziphatha kwiqela ngalinye ukuze kuboniswe ukuba ipateni yeziphumo ibonakala ifana nayo yonke imisebenzi ye-16 yokuziphatha.

(DOC)

IsiHlomelo S3.

I-Means, kunye ne-Standard Deviations (SD), ye-subjective (post hoc) yokureyitha kumsebenzi ngamnye we-16 yokuziphatha. Ukubaluleka kwesondo sisiphumo esilungileyo esivela kwi-VAS. Inombolo yomsebenzi 5, 8, 11, 15 kunye ne-16 yimisebenzi yokuziphatha ethathwa njengefanelekileyo ngokwesondo.

(DOC)

Imibulelo umphezulu

Sithanda ukubulela abafundi abathathe inxaxheba kolu phononongo njengenzaliseko engaphelelanga yeprojekthi yabo ye-MSc kuMfuniselo kunye nePsychology yeClinikhi (Aafke Vogelzang, Marijke Zwaan, Inge Vriese). Sibulela uGqr Johan Verwoerd ngokubambisana ngokubambisana kwi-M.Sc. abafundi kwaye ngokunjalo kunye Lonneke van Tuijl ukufunda a idrafti inguqulelo yombhalo-ngqangi. Ekugqibeleni siyabulela kuGqr. Fiona Scott-Fitzpatrick ngokubeka izimvo kwiinguqulelo zokugqibela zombhalo-ngqangi.

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