Izifundo zobunjongo zobunjenge-Inthanethi ezikhoyo ziquka i-Porn (2013)

Amazwana: Izifundo ezininzi ziye zashicilelwa ekubeni eli nqaku libhalwa kuqala (ngoJanuwari, i-2013). Zonke ziboleka inkxaso kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi kunye noxilongo lwe-porn.

Uphando lweBongo kwiindawo ze-intanethi zokulutha kwi-intanethi enye kuphela 

Ekubeni sibhala Iindaba ezimnandi zabasebenzisi beSigxina: I-Internet Addiction Atrophies Brains, elalibhekiselele kuphando olusandululweyo lwamavidiyo olutsha, i-maride yolutsha yophando olutsha luye lwajikeleza ehlabathini lonke, ebonisa ukuba ipesenteji enkulu yabantu abaninzi kwiminyaka yobudala ixakile ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ngokwayo.

Uphando olutsha luquka ezimbini iintlobo zezifundo. Enye indlela isebenzisa ingqondo yeengqondo, utshintsho olumalunga neziyobisi, kunye namaqela okulawula. Elinye isebenzisa iimvavanyo kunye neemvavanyo zomlutha. (IUvavanyo lwesampula) Inzululwazi yeBongo isetyenziselwa iimvavanyo ezifana nokwahlula izifundo kwizigaba zokuvavanya eziluthayo kunye namaqela okulawula angewona umlutha. (Jonga i-300 Izifundo zobuchopho zobuchopho kwi-intanethi. Funda shwa nkathelo izifundo zoxilongo lwe-Intanethi, kunye nazo ukuthetha ngoononophelo. Okanye ubone le ngqokelela Internet kwaye Izifundo zokuxilisa i-Videogame).

Kule posi, siza kube sixoxa ngophando kuwo omabini la manqanaba, kodwa ikakhulu sinomdla kubuchwephesha benzululwazi-nzulu yokuskena kuba akukho lula ukuyisebenzisa ngobuqhetseba. Nazi ezinye ii-FAQ malunga nophando olutsha:

Ithini ipesenti yeziyobisi kwi-Intanethi ngokophando?

Nangona izifundo zekhweshine zisebenzisa isigama esahlukileyo ("umlutha" "ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-Intanethi" "ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-Intanethi"), amaxabiso aqala ukusuka Ipesenti ze-8 ukuya phezulu njengepesenti ye-21 kubantu abaselula. Ngaphezu koko, kwi isifundo esichaza amazinga omlutha ngesini, i kwikota kwabafundi beyunivesithi abavavanywayo bafunyaniswa ukuba bangama-addicts-xa kuthelekiswa nabangaphantsi kweshumi kweepesenti zabafundi besetyhini.

Ukuba akukho zifundo zobuchopho zihlukanisa abasebenzisi be-intanethi be-intanethi, sinokukwazi njani ukulutha kwezilwanyana ze-intanethi?

  • Umlingo woTywala / wesondo? Eli phepha liluhlu Izifundo ze-39 ze-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-FMRI, i-EEG, i-neuropsychological, i-hormonal). Banikela ngenkxaso enamandla kwimodeli yoxilongo njengoko iziphumo zabo zibonakalisa iziphumo zeengqondo ezichazwe kwizifundo zokuxhatshaliswa kweziyobisi.
  • Iingcamango zangempela zeengcali zoononongo / isondo? Olu luhlu luqulethe 16 Ukuphononongwa koncwadi kwangoku kunye neenkcazo ngenye yezinzulu zenzululwazi kwihlabathi. Yonke inkxaso ngenkxaso yomzobo.

Abaphandi abaxhasi be-intanethi zonke Ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi, ngoko uonografi kunye namajelo asekuhlaleni ahlangene kunye. Enye yezona zininzi zophando zakutshanje, umzekelo, uchaze ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi yezilwanyana zaseTshayina:

Izihloko zisebenzisa i-intanethi phantse yonke imihla, kwaye zichitha ngaphezulu kweeyure eziyi-8… yonke imihla phambi kweliso, ikakhulu ukuncokola nabahlobo be-cyber, ukudlala imidlalo ekwi-Intanethi kunye Ukubukela iifotofayili ze-intanethi okanye iifilimu zabantu abadala. [I-intanethi ye-intanethi, ngendlela, ivalwe ngokomthetho e-China.]

Ukusetyenziswa koononophelo lwe-intanethi akungazange kutyunjwe kuyo nayiphi na izifundo ezintsha esizibonayo. (Osebenzisa i-Intanethi kuphela kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi?) Kodwa ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuhlukanisa izilwanyana ze-Facebook ezisuka ku-Twitter eziluthayo? Okanye iWorld Warcraft idlwengula kwi-EverQuest umlutha ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izicelo ezinjalo zingaba ngumlutha kwabanye abasebenzisi? I-intanethi ye-intanethi yinto enye enye, ithandwa kakhulu, i-intanethi yexesha le-intanethi, ngoko ke inokuyilutha.

Sukuvumela into yokuba uninzi lusebenzise i-Intanethi njengoncedo lokuphulula amalungu esini lukubhidanise. Ziimpawu ezenza iphonografi kwi-Intanethi hlukile kwizesondo-Kodwa iyafana ne-videogaming okanye umatshini wokugembula-i-akhawunti yokukwazi ukukhusela abanye abasebenzisi. Oku Ucwaningo lwe-2013 phawula ufana:

"Kuya kufuneka ukuba kuboniswe ukuba, njengezinto ezibini ezisetyenziswayo kwi-intanethi kwinani elikhulu labasebenzisi be-intanethi kukufikelela zoononografi kunye nokugembula kwaye le mi sebenzi yokugqibela ilawulwa ngokubhekiselele kwiimeko ezinokuthi zilawule, kusenokwenzeka ukuba naziphi na iziphumo ezinxulumene 'nokulutha kwi-intanethi' zibonakalisa ezinye iindlela zokukhobokisa (okt iphonografi okanye ukungcakaza). ”

Ezi zixhobo ziquka ukulungelelanisa-ngokuchofoza, ukufikelela ngokungenamsebenzi, kunye nokuphulwa okuqhubekayo kokulindela nge-stimuli emangalisa. Zonke ezi zinto zikhulula i-neurotransmitter dopamine kwi-circuit circuit. Ukugqithisa ngokubanzi kunako ukutshintsha i-dopamine impendulo kwezinye iibongo, ngaloo ndlela kuphazamise isimo sengqondo, ukuzithemba kunye nokukwazi ukuphendula ngokuzonwabisa.

Ukholo lwe-intanethi luyinto engenakulimala kwi-intanethi? Uxolo, kodwa sele sele izimisele ukuba Kaninzi mhlawumbi ukukhokelela ekunyanzelweni kunanoma yimuphi umsebenzi we-Intanethi.

Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko, ingqondo engundoqo iguqula zonke izilingo-kokubili ukuziphatha kunye neekhemikhali-zifana noko ogqithisileyo ngoku ucinga zonke Umlutha wesifo esinye kwisifo ezininzi. Ingaba umntu ufumanisa ukuba unokugembula, ukuxilwa kwevidiyo okanye ukuxilwa kwe-intanethi, kubonisa ukuba iqoqo elithile lokungaqhelekanga kunye nesimo semvelo senzekile (kunye neenguqu ezincinane).

Enyanisweni, ukutshintsha kwe-molecular efanayo kubangela ukuba utshintsho olujoliswe kumlutha luguqulwe zonke umlutha. Umtshintshi wenkosi owenza ukuba utshintsho luyiprotheni DeltaFosB. Zomibini ezingapheliyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinga eliphezulu imivuzo yemvelo (isini, iswekile, ephezulu) kunye nokulawula okungapheliyo malunga nasiphi na isichengululo sokusetyenziswa gadalala kubangela ukuba i-DeltaFosB iqokelele kwisekethe yomvuzo, ngaloo ndlela ibangela ukutshintsha kweenguqu zengqondo.

Kuya kuba lunomdla, kodwa kunobuninzi, ukuhlukanisa iintlobo ezithile ze-intanethi ye-intanethi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba yiyiphi na enye yazo, kubandakanywa nokulumkisa i-porn.

Ziziphi iinguqu zengqondo abaphandi abazibonayo kwi-intanethi?

Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kunye neenkulungwane zezifundo malunga nezilwanyana kunye nezifundo zabantu zityhile into ethile Iqela zotshintsho olunxulumene nengqondo. Yiyo loo nto oososayensi beqinisekile ukuba olu tshintsho lobuchopho lwahlukile kwimisebenzi yengqondo eqhelekileyo yemihla ngemihla.

Umzekelo, i Ukufundiswa kweShayina khankanywe ngentla, abaphandi baphetha ngelithi,

IAD [ukulutha kwe-intanethi] kunokubangela ukulimala kakhulu kwengqondo, kwaye ukufunyaniswa kweengcinga ze-neuroimaging kufakazela ngakumbi i-IAD idibanisene neentsholongwane kwiinkqubo zeengqondo ze-dopaminergic. Iziphumo zethu zixhasa inkxaso yokuba i-IAD ingabelana ngokungaqhelekanga kwe-neurobiological nezinye izifo ezibangelwa ngumlingo (njengengxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokugembula.

Emva koko siza kuqwalasela iinguqu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku eziqwalaselweyo kwizikena zabantu, kunye nezifundo ezizimeleyo kwiikhonkco ezikufutshane notshintsho lobuchopho. (Qaphela, olu hlaziyo Izifundo zobuchopho bobuchopho kwi-Inthanethi ya papashwa emva kweli nqaku: I-Intanethi kunye noLwabiwo lweMidlalo: UkuHlola kweeNkqubo eziNkqubo zee-Neuroimaging Studies)

  1. Ukuxhatshazwa. Ibhekisa ekucofeni ngokubanzi ekuphenduleni komntu kulo lonke ulonwabo… utshintsho olusisiseko. Ishiya umlutha ungathathi ntweni kulonwabo, kwaye "ulambile" kwimisebenzi yokunyusa i-dopamine / izinto zazo zonke iintlobo. Izifundo ezimalunga neziyobisi kwi-Intanethi: Isifundo 1, 2.
  2. Sensitization. Ukuphinda usebenze kwakhona kwiimpawu ezinxulumene neziyobisi. Kukhokelela ekubeni ungakhathaleli nzima umnqweno othile wokulutha. Isifundo 1, 2
  3. Ubungangamsha. Ubuncwane obuphambi kwe-frontal-lobe kunye nokusebenza kwehla. Iyanciphisa ukulawula ukunyanzelisa, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokukwazi ukubona kwangaphambili imiphumo. Isifundo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
  4. Imba engavumelekanga. Imba ebomvu yinkcazelo enoxanduva lokucwangcisa, ngelixa umbala omhlophe uquka iindlela zokunxibelelana phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho. Ukungaqhelekanga kwendlela ephakathi kwemigangatho yesiphaluka yomvuzo kunye ne-cortex yangaphambili ihambelana nokulawulwa kakubi kwempembelelo kunye nokunciphisa amandla okuqonda. Isifundo 1, 2, 3.

I-DeltaFosB yaziwa ngokuba yiyona nto ininzi, ukuba ayingeyo yonke, inguqu ehambelanayo neziyobisi. Azincedisi. (Ngakumbi malunga nokuba kutheni kwithuba elizayo.)

Ingaba ezo ngqondo ziguquka kuphela?

Hayi. Olunye lwezibonisi ezibonisa ibrashi ebanzi zibonisa utshintsho olunxulumene neselfowuni kunye neekhemikhali -njengokuvavanywa kwethumba lomhlaza kungabonisi utshintsho olunxulumene neselfowuni / imichiza.

Uninzi lotshintsho olufihlakeleyo alunakuvavanywa kwiimodeli zabantu ngenxa yokuhlasela kwetekhnoloji efunekayo. Nangona kunjalo, zichongiwe kwiimodeli zezilwanyana. Umzekelo, ukulandelela ukungafuneki, iskeni sinokulinganisa utshintsho lwe-D2 receptor ebantwini. Ukanti ezinye izinto zokumakisha eziphambili, ezinje nge-dynorphin ephezulu kunye nokuqokelelwa kwe-DeltaFosB, ayizukuvela kwiskeni.

Ingongoma kukuba apho kukho utshintsho oluthile olubonakalayo kwingcamango yobuchopho, kukho iindawo ezincinci, utshintsho oluncinane. Utshintsho olukhulu luyilo lokugqibela oluqhelekileyo kuzo zonke izilingo, ngoko ke kukho ubungqina beenguqu ezincinane.

Sazi njani ukuba olu tshintsho lobuchopho alubangelwa ngokungqongqo kukugula kwangaphambili?

Ezininzi iingcali baye bafundiswa ukuba abantu abodwa abahlakulela umlutha yibo abaneengxaki zokuqala, ezifana ne-OCD, ukudandatheka, i-ADHD kunye nokunye, ukuhlala yesibini isifo, kwaye mhlawumbi sinokukhuseleka. Nangona ubuchopho buhluka kwiimeko zabo zokungabikho kokulutha (umzekelo, ubuchopho bentsha ba sengozini ngaphezu kobuchopho babantu abadala), iingcali zeziyobisi ze-ASAM ngoku zijonga ukuba likhoboka eziphambili isifo. Oko kukuthi, ingahlakulela ngaphandle kokuvela kwimeko yesifo. Kwaye kubangele ubomi buguquka ngaphandle kweminye ingxaki.

Ngapha koko, umntu kufuneka aqwalasele kuphela amaqondo okutya e-United States (i-79% yabantu abadala abatyebe kakhulu kwaye phantse isiqingatha sabo batyebileyo) ukubona ukuba akuyomfuneko ukuba abe mncinci, abambalwa abakhubazeke ngokuzalwa ukuba bawele kumlutha . Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi apho iinguqulelo ezidlulileyo zembuyekezo kufana nokutya kunye nesondo. Ukutya okungafunekiyo kunye ne-intanethi yeyona nto iinguqulelo ezigqithisileyo esonke esasiguqukela ngayo ukuze siphumelele.

Ngaphezu koko, ezimbini izifundo ezintsha (1, 2) yabonisa ukuba utshintsho oluneengxaki zengcinezelo luziphendulela yangaphambili izilonda. Oku ngekhe kwenzeke ukuba utshintsho lobuchwephesha luyimveliso ezimiselweyo, iimeko esele zikho. Ngokufanayo, amakhoboka amade abambekile, iifayile ze- ngakumbi nzima ukuguqulwa kobuchopho babo:

I-atrophy ebomvu kunye neenguqu ezimhlophe ze-FA zeengingqi zengqondo zixhomekeke kakhulu kunye nobude be-intanethi.

Kanjalo, iingcali ziphelile ukuba,

awukwazi ukufumana isifo esiqinileyo se-pathological disorder for Internet addiction disorder. Ingxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwe-Intanethi ingabangela iingxaki ezithile ezixinzelelekileyo (ezifana nokuxinezeleka, uxhalaba, ubundlobongela, ubundlobongela, kunye nengqondo).

Ubeka phi ulwazi lwakho kule post?

Ukongezelela kwizifundo ezininzi zokugqibela zokuxilwa kwe-Intanethi ezikhankanywe apha, inkxaso yolu qhekeza ivela kwizixhobo ezipapashwe ngu- I-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), iqela lamagqirha aphezulu kunye nabaphandi abanobugqirha beengcali. Nazi ezinye iinkcazo ezivela kwi ASAM FAQs, ecacisa indlela iingcali ezisentsimini ezichaza ngayo umlutha:

Q: Yintoni eyahlukileyo ngale nkcazo intsha? [kwaye] Ngaba i-ASAM ikholelwa ngokwenene ukuba ukutya kunye nesondo kuyingozi?

“Le nkcazo intsha iyenza icace into yokuba ukubakho kweziyobisi akwenzi ziyobisi, koko kuthethwa ngobuchopho. Ayizizo izinto umntu azisebenzisayo ezibenza babe likhoboka; ayibobungakanani okanye amaxesha okusetyenziswa. Umlutha malunga nento eyenzekayo kwingqondo yomntu xa bevezwa zizinto ezinomvuzo okanye isimilo sokuziphatha, kwaye ingakumbi malunga nomvuzo wesekethe kwingqondo kunye nolwakhiwo olunxulumene nengqondo kunokuba kunjalo malunga neekhemikhali zangaphandle okanye isimilo "esivulekayo" esinomvuzo wesekethe… .Ukutya kunye ziphatha ngesondo kunye nokuziphatha ngcakazo inokunxulunyaniswa "nokusukelwa kwemivuzo ngezifo" ichazwe kule ngcaciso intsha yokuba likhoboka. ”

Ukushwankathela imeko ekhoyo yangoku ye-addiction neuroscience:

  • Ukuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi ziphatha kunye neempawu = isethi ethile yokuguqulwa kwengqondo.
  • Inguqu yenguqu efunyenwe kuzo zonke izilingo zibandakanya ukukhuthaza, ukuchithwa, ukungazenzisi, kunye nomcimbi ongaqhelekanga omhlophe. Umlutha we-intanethi awukho nhlobo, nokuba umsebenzisi ubona i-intanethi ye-intanethi, i-Facebook, i-www.reddit.com, okanye intsebenziswano ye-Intanethi.
  • Zonke iinguqu ezinxulumene notshintsho kwengqondo (zombini indlela yokuziphatha kunye neekhemikhali) zibangelwa kukuqokelelwa kweDeltaFosB. Kukho ukutshintsha kwemolekyuli, nokuba sisiyobisi, ukungcakaza, ukutya, okanye isiyobisi se-Intanethi esisebenzayo.
  • Yonke uphando lobuchopho kwi-intanethi yobunzima okwenziwe ngoku (izifundo ezilishumi ezifana nale post) kwindawo enye kuphela.

Ukuba uqaphela ezi zimpawu ezingathandekiyo, unakho ukuxilwa kwe-intanethi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakho kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi kunokuyinxalenye yengxaki.

Unokufumana kwakhona isithuba sethu esinxulumene nayo Izopolitiko, i-Porn and Addiction Neuroscience umdla.

"I-infographic" kwikhoboka le-Intanethi

Amanqaku abhaliweyo abhalwe kakuhle kumlutha we-Intanethi jonga-