Ukuvuswa kwezesondo kunye neMidiya ecacileyo ngocansi (SEM): Ukuthelekiswa kwamaphetheni okuvuswa kwezesondo kwi-SEM kunye nokuzihlola ngokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokuXhobisa kwi-Sexual orientation (2017)

IMIBUZO: Kule sifundo, abathathi-nxaxheba babuzwa malunga nokuvusa kwabo ngokwesondo kunye neenhlobo ze-27 (themes) zoononophala. Kutheni abaphandi bekhetha ezi zihlobo ezithile ze-27 ziyaziwa kuphela. Indlela abalobi abaye bafumana ngayo iindidi ezaziyo "eziqhelekileyo" ezazingekho "eziqhelekileyo" nazo zihlala ziyimfihlakalo enikezelwayo kwiqela elibonakala ngathi lihleli (ngaphezulu ngaphantsi).

Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni, olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba abasebenzisi be-porn bathanda kuphela uluhlu oluncinci lweentlobo. Ngelixa lingabuzi ngokuthe ngqo malunga nokunyuka ngokuhamba kwexesha, uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ababhali bahlelwa njengabantu “abangaqhelekanga” ababukeli abangamanyala njengeentlobo ngeentlobo ze-porn (jonga ukuphanda ngokwahlukeneyo kohlobo lwe-porn apha ngezantsi). Amagqabantshintshi ambalwa:

Izinto ezifunyanisiweyo zibonisa ukuba kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo ezingabalulekanga zoLuntu lwezesondo, Iipatheni zokuvuselela ngokwesondo zingenakucwangciswa kangako kunye necandelo elithile kunokuba kuthathwa ngaphambili.

Ngokukodwa kubantu besini esingabafazi kunye nabesifazana abangafaniyo, abaye babonakaliswa ngamanqanaba amaninzi okuvusa isondo kwiingqungquthela ze-SEM ezingaqhelekanga, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iipateni zokuvusa ngokwesondo ezenziwe ngu-SEM kwiimeko ezingekho phantsi kwebhoratri zinokuba zichaneke kakhulu, zingagcinwanga, kunye necandelo elincinci elincinci ngaphambili. Oku kukuxhasa ukuphakama kwe-SEM ephakamileyo kunye nokubonisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba be-SEM abangaqhelekanga nabo bavuswa ngamagama angundoqo ("vanilla").

Olu phononongo luthi ababizwa ngokuba "ngababukeli abangamanyala abangaqhelekanga" bavuswa zizo zonke iintlobo zoononophala, nokuba zibizwa ngokuba zii "mainstream" (Bukkake, Orgy, Fist-fucking) okanye ekuthiwa yi "non-mainstream" ( ISadomasochism, iLatex). Oku kufumanisa i-debunks imeme ephindaphindwayo yokuba abasebenzisi be-porn bahlala benamathela kuhlobo olunye lwe-porn. (Umzekelo webango elingenasiseko malunga neencasa "ezingatshintshiyo" yiOgas kunye nencwadi kaGaddam egxekwe kakhulu Billion Iingcinga Ezimbi.)

Nangona kunjalo, umkhethe wababhali uyakhanya xa bezama ukujikeleza oku kufunyanwa njengobungqina chasene Abasebenzisi bezithombe zoononophala baqhubekela phambili kwiintlobo ezintsha. Kule ngqungquthela abalobi bathi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ukunyuka kwezilwanyana kubakho abasebenzisi bezononono abaye bahlaselwa bebengayi kuphinda (bafumane) uhlobo olulandelayo oluvusayo (hu?):

Ngokomxholo wophando lwe-SEM, ukufunyaniswa kwamaphetheni aphindaphindiweyo okwezocansi phakathi kwamaqela angasebenziyo angundoqo angama-SEM inokutolika njengento eyahlukileyo kwi-hypothesis ye-satiation eqhubekayo, eyenza ukuba ngokuqhubekayo "okugqithiseleyo" (okungezona okuqhelekileyo) Okubhaliweyo kwe-SEM kuyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe ukuvuswa kwesondo.³² Ubuncinane kwinqanaba leqela, iziphumo zethu azibonakali zivumelanisa le ngcamango, kuba ukuvuswa kwesondo kwi-contents ye-SEM engeyiyo yonke into ayizange ifake i-excuse to "extreme" (ngokuqhelekileyo) umxholo we-SEM kumaqela angama-SEM angaqhelekanga.

Ababhali bathi bavuswa ngumntu ongeyena oqhelekileyo (oktyala ngesondo) kufuneka avimbele umbukeli wezonwele ukuba avuke ngohlobo oluthile olubizwa ngokuba yi-pornbang (okt Gangbang). Oku kungenasiphelo kwaye akusekelwe ezinye izifundo. Enyanisweni isifundo abachaza njengenkxaso (umsila wenkundla 32) okunene bafumana okwahlukileyo: i-99.5% yabathathi-nxaxheba abaye benyuka baya kwimifanekiso engamanyala (isondo okanye iphonografi yabantwana) basasebenzisa nangokuqokelela amanyala angaphambuki. Bona - Ngaba iimifanekiso ezingamanyala zisebenzisayo zilandela ukuqhubela phambili kwe-Guttman?

Ndiyicinga ukuba akufanele simangaliswe yile nqanaba lokuchazwa kakubi njengombhali okhokelayo nguGert Hald, umongameli emva kweefotolizi ezigwenxa zisebenzisa i-questionnaire, Iphonografi yokuSebenzisa umphumo (I-PCES). Bona i-critic ye-PCES apha: Iimpembelelo ezizimeleyo zoTyhila (Isiqingatha kunye neMalamuth 2008).

Ngoku, masibuyele kuluhlu lwababhali ngokungacwangciswanga lweentlobo zoononophala njengokuthi "ziqhelekileyo" okanye "aziqhelekanga."

Njengoko injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuthelekisa "abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo" be-porn kunye "nabangengabo abaqhelekileyo" abasebenzisi be-porn, ukwahlulahlula kumisela zonke ezi zinto zifunyenwe ngababhali. Kwaye, kumiselwa njani ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-porn oluqhelekileyo kwaye loluphi olungaqhelekanga? Kubonakala ngokungathandabuzekiyo njengoko iOrgy neBukkake ziqhelekile, ukanti “iLatex” ithathwa njengeyona iphambili kwi-porn.

I-"Enemas" ibhalwe njani ngokugqithiseleyo ngelixa i-"Bondage" ihlelwe njengabantu abangaqhelekanga? Oku kungaba njani Amathunzi angamashumi amahlanu nantlanu kagreyi ukuthengisa ngaphezulu kweikopi ze-125 zee-million, ezilandelwa ziziganeko kunye neentlobo ezintathu zokulungiswa kwesikrini? Iintlobo ezingamashumi amahlanu ze-Enemas akenzanga kwibala lemboniso kufuphi nawe, kwaye mhlawumbi akayi kuze.

Kutheni kukho iintlobo ezi-5 ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo, ukanti ezingama-22 ziindidi eziqhelekileyo? Kwaye kutheni le "Enye" idweliswa njengeyona iphambili xa inokuba yiyo nantoni na, kubandakanya isondo okanye iphonografi yomntwana? Enjani yona isidlo sakusasa senja!

Nazi iindidi zezifundo:

Ukugqithisa ngokugqithisileyo:

1. ongenabuchulu
2. Isondo lomgqundu
3. Amabele amakhulu
4. Ukugqithisa okukhulu
5. ulala
6. Bukkake
7. Cumshot
8. Amantombazana amafutha ("abafazi abakhulu amahle [BBW]")
9. Ukubamba iqhosha
10. Gangbang (umfazi we1 + ≥ amadoda angama-3)
11. Gay
12. lesbian
13. Amathambo
14. I-Orgy (abafazi abaninzi namadoda)
15. ULolita (osemtsha)
16. Ukuqola ("mama / mama / mama ndingathanda ukuntywila [MILF]")
17. Ukuphonywa (kubandakanya amathoyizi esondo)
18. Ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo okanye iimpundu
19. I-Softcore (engekho ecacileyo)
20. Imvula yamanzi (kuquka i-enemas)
21. Ngokwesondo
22. omnye

Iingxowa-mbonakalo ezingaqhelekanga:

1. Sadomasochism
2. Ulwaphulo ngokwesondo (ukudlwengulwa okufanayo, ukunyanzelisa nokunyanzelisa)
3. Eyinqaba okanye eyingozi
4. Isibonda kunye nokulawula (kuquka ukulungiswa)
5. Ukuzalwa (kuquka i-latex)

QAPHELA 2019Umbhali uAlexander Štulhofer uqinisekisile ukuba i-ajenda yakhe egqithisileyo xa wajoyina umanyano, uNicole Prause, uDavid Ley nabanye ekuzameni ukuthula YourBrainOnPorn.com. Štulhofer kwaye ezinye iingcali ze-pro-porn "apha www.realyourbrainonporn.com babandakanyeka ulwaphulo-mthetho lokuthengisa ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokuphambanisa. Štulhofer besele kuthunyelwe kwaye ndiyekile ukubhala ileta. Izenzo zomthetho ziyaqhubeka nokulandelwa.

Ngonyango (2017).

Gert Martin Hald, PhD,Aleksandar Stulhofer, PhD, Theis Lange, PhD

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2017.11.001

Abstract

intshayelelo

Uphando lweepatheni zokuvusa isondo kwiqela elithile leendaba eziphathekayo ngokwesondo (SEM) kubantu abanzi kwiindawo zokungabikho zelabhu. Ulwazi olunjalo lube luleke ukuqonda ngakumbi malunga nesimo esithile sokwabelana ngesondo kwi-SEM ezahlukeneyo.

Iinjongo

(i) Ukuphanda ukuba ukuvuswa kwesondo kwizinto ezingezantsi eziqhelekileyo eziphakathi kwe-SEM zingabandakanywa ngokubhekiselele kwisini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo, (ii) ukuthelekisa amanqanaba okuvuswa kwezesondo, ukuxhaswa ngokwesondo, kunye nokuzihlola ngokwabelana ngesondo kunye neengcamango amaqela e-SEM angaqhelekanga kunye aqhelekileyo kunye kunye (iii) nokuphonononga ukuchaneka nokuchaneka kwangaphambili kwe-Non-Mainstream ye-Pornography Arousal Scale (NPAS).

tindlela

Uphando lwe-cross-sectional lwe-2,035 abasebenzisi be-SEM abahlala rhoqo eCroatia.

IziPhumo eziPhambili

Iipatheni zokuvusa isondo kwiingqungquthela ze-SEM ezihlukeneyo ze-27, ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo, kunye nokuvavanya kwezinto zesondo kunye neengcamango zesondo.

iziphumo

Amaqela achazwe ngokwesondo ngovulo kwi-SEM engaqhelekanga angabonwa ngokubhekiselele kwisini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo. La maqela angama-SEM aqhelekileyo achaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-SEM ngaphezulu kunye namanqanaba aphakamileyo aphezulu ekuvukeleni ngokwesini kwiingqungquthela ze-SEM ze-27 ezivavanywa xa kuthelekiswa namaqela e-SEM aqhelekileyo. Kuphela ukungafani okufunyenweyo phakathi kwamaqela angama-SEM aqhelekileyo kunye aqhelekileyo kwimigqaliselo yokuzihlola ngokwabelana ngesondo, imizobo yesondo kunye nokwaneliseka ngokwesondo. Ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kunye nokuchaneka kwangaphambili kwe-NPAS kwakulungile kuwo wonke amaninzi amaqela ophando aphando.

izigqibo

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba kumaqela e-SEM angaqhelekanga, iipatheni zokuvuswa kwezesondo zingenakucwangciswa kangangoko kunye necandelo elithile kunokuba kuthathwa ngaphambili. Ukongezelela, la maqela awanamacala angaphezulu kwimizekelo ye-SHI ehambelana nesondo kunokuthi amaqela abonakaliswe ngamaphetheni okuvusa isondo kwizinto ezingaphezulu kwe-SEM. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kokubambisana kweqela le-SEM ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ngokubhekiselele kwisini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo ngokusebenzisa i-NPAS.

Isiqingatha seMG, uStulhofer A, uLange T, et al. Ukuvuswa kwezesondo kunye neMithombo yeendaba eChasene neSondo (SEM): Ukuthelekisa iipateni zokuVuswa kwezeSondo kwi-SEM kunye nokuziVavanya okwabelana ngesondo kunye nokwoneliseka Kuyo yonke into yesini kunye nokuziqhelanisa nezesondo. Ukwabelana ngesondo ngo-2017; X: XXX – XXX.

Amagama abalulekileyo:

IMidiya ecacileyo ngesondo, Zoonografi, Ukuvuswa kwezesondo, Ukuziphonononga

intshayelelo

Ukuvusa isondo ngokubhekiselele kwizondo zoxhatshazo ngokwesini (SEM) ngokuqhelekileyo kuye kwafundwa kwibhubhoratri ngokubonisa abachaphazelekayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-SEM. Izigqibo ezivela kwezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba iipatheni zokuvusa ngesondo zixhalabele ngakumbi kumxholo kwaye zingabonakali kakhulu kumdlali wezilwanyana kunabesilisa.^{1, 2, 3} Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluncinci luye lwaphanda ukuvuswa kwesondo ngokunxulumene neziqulatho ze-SEM kunye nemixholo (umz., Umlomo, i-anal, i-gangbang, njl.njl.) Abantu babonakalisiwe okanye baxela ukusebenzisa.^{1, 4, 5, 6, 7}

Phakathi kwabangabesini ngokwesondo, ngokukodwa abo bathotyelwe ngogonyamelo ngokwesondo okanye kwizondo zangaphantsi zesondo, ukuvuswa kwesondo kwi-SEM enokubambisana kunye neentetho zobugebengu.^{8, 9} Olu phando lubonisa ngokubanzi amanqanaba aphakamileyo okwezo zesondo kwi-SEM phakathi kwabaphulaphuli ngokwesondo phakathi kolawulo (umz., Abangaboniyo okanye abaphulaphuli abangafunyaniswa netyala lolwaphulo-mthetho) xa umxholo we-SEM uhambelana nomgangatho wecala.^{9, 10, 11, 12}

Ngokuchasene nophando olubandakanya abagwebi bezesondo okanye izifundo zelabhoratri, uphando olungekho phantsi kwe-laboratory ye-SEM-sexually stimulated patterns in the population.⁶ Ukongezelela, uphando uphando malunga nokuba amaqela angabikhoyo aqhelekileyo angabonwa ngokusekelwe kwiipatheni zokuvusa isondo kwi-SEM into ayilahlekanga kwiincwadi kwi-SEM.^{6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17} Ukuchongwa okunjalo kunokuba luncedo kuba kungaxhomekeki kubuchule bomntu bokuchonga okanye bokuqonda into enokuthi ithathwa njenge- "non-mainstream" SEM. Ukuqhubela phambili, ukuchongwa okunjalo kusekelwe kuphela kwiipateni zokwenyani zesini kwimixholo ethile ye-SEM ngokuchasene nemikhwa yokujonga, enokuthi (ngakumbi) ixhomekeke kubukho beziqulatho ze-SEM ezifunwayo.^{6, 7} Ngokuvisisana ne-Non-Mainstream ye-Pornography Arousal Scale (NPAS), i-SEM engekho-mveliso ibhekisela kwiipatheni zesondo zovuko kwiindidi ze-SEM (i) sadomasochism, (ii) ububele, (iii) isondo esinobudlova (kuquka ukudlwengulwa okufanayo, ukugonywa , kunye nokunyanzeliswa), (iv) ubukhoboka kunye nokulawula (kuquka ukuqeqeshwa), kunye (v) nentsingiselo okanye i-SEM eyingozi^{6, 7} njengoko kuchongiwe ngokuhlalutya kweklasiti. Ngako oko, injongo ye-1st yale sifundo yayikuphanda ukuba ngaba amaqela angama-SEM angaqhelekanga angabonwa ngokubhekiselele kwisini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo ngokusekelwe kwisigxina sokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwi-27.

Ukwahlukana okuncane malunga nokungafani ngokuchanekileyo kubantu abenza ingxelo yokuvusa isondo ngo-SEM oqhelekileyo kwi-SEM yabo yokwaneliseka ngokwesondo kunye nezigwebo zabo zokuzihlola zabo zesondo kunye neengcamango zabo zesini. Uphando olubandakanya abantu abaneendlela ezingabonakaliyo zesondo (umz., I-paraphilia) uye wacetyiswa ukuba ukunyuswa kobuqu kunye nokuhlaliswa kwabantu, izigwebo ezimbi kunye nokuvavanywa kwempilo yengqondo kubakho.^{14, 15, 16, 17, 18} Iimeko ezinjalo zingathintela ukwaneliseka ngokwesini kunye nezigwebo ngabanye malunga nezinto zesondo kunye neengcamango phakathi kwe-SEM amaqela omsebenzisi amancinci njengabasebenzisi abangekho abasebenzisa iSEM.^{19, 20} Ngako oko, injongo ye-2nd yale ngxowa-mali yayikuphanda indlela iipateni zokuvuswa kwezesondo ze-SEM, ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo, kunye nokuzijonga ngokuzijonga ngokwesini kunye neengcamango eziqhathaniswa namaqela abonisa ukuvuswa kwezesondo kwi-SEM engaqhelekanga.

Kungekudala, uHald no-Štulhofer^{6, 7} phuhlise i NPAS. I-NPAS yinkalo ye-5 yamanqaku angalinganiyo kunye neepesheni ezihambelana ne-SEM zesondo zokuvusa isondo (jonga kwakhona Iziphumo eziPhambili). Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-NPAS ngokumalunga nokukwazi kwayo ukucacisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ubulungu beqela le-SEM yokubambisana ne-SEM aluzange kwenziwe kodwa luye lwabizelwa.⁷ Ngoko ke, injongo ye-3rd yolu pho nonongo ukuphanda ikhono le-NPAS ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo ubulungu beqela le-SEM engekho.

Olu phofu lusetshenzisile enye idasethi eyasandul 'ukusetyenziswa ukuphuhlisa i-NPAS.^{6, 7} Ngokumalunga neenjongo zokufunda ze-3rd, iziphumo ezikhoyo zifanele ziqwalaselwe ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphakathi kwesilinganiselo sokuqala ukuvavanya ngokupheleleyo ukuqina nokuchaneka kwe-NPAS.

tindlela

AbaNxaxheba kunye neNkqubo

Idatha evela kwidathasethi enkulu eqokelelwe kwisifundo se-Intanethi esigxile ekusebenziseni i-SEM, impilo yezesondo, kunye nomgangatho wobudlelwane eCroatia. Kungenxa yokuba abantu ababengafane basebenzise i-SEM babencinci, ukuba kukho, ukubaluleka kohlalutyo olucwangcisiweyo, kuphela abathathi-nxaxheba abaye baxela ukusebenzisa i-SEM ubuncinci "amaxesha aliqela" kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo babandakanywa kolu phando. Kule meko, abasetyhini babenengxaki ephezulu kunamadoda (amathuba okulinganisa = 0.16, P <.05) yeqela labathathi-nxaxheba kunqabile ukuba basebenzise i-SEM. Kwakungekho minyaka ibalulekileyo okanye umahluko wemfundo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa i-SEM kunqabile kunye nayo yonke isampulu.

Abathathi-nxaxheba be-2,035 abangenalo ixabiso elilahlekileyo kwimibuzo malunga nokuvusa isondo kwimixholo eyahlukeneyo ye-SEM babandakanywa kuhlalutyo. Uninzi lubandakanye abathathi-nxaxheba (58.2%, n = 1,185) yayingabafazi. Iminyaka yabathathi-nxaxheba isusela kwi-18 ukuya kwi-60 iminyaka (kuthetha ubudala = 30.75, SD = 9.47). Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba (57.8%) babenemfundo yasekholejini okanye eyunivesithi; I-41.0% ibinemfundo yesibini. Ngokuchasene ne-15.7% yabathathi-nxaxheba abaye baxela ukuba ingeniso yabo yekhaya yenyanga yayingaphantsi komndilili kazwelonke, ngaphezulu kwe-1 yesine (27.8%) baxela umvuzo ongaphezulu komndilili wekhaya. Uninzi lwesampulu luxeliwe ukuba likubudlelwane (i-47.6%) okanye utshatile (i-24.0%), nge-1 yesithathu (28.4%) engaphantsi. Ngaphandle "kwemitshato, imingcwabo, kunye neeholide zosapho," uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba (iipesenti ezingama-45) aluzange luye kwimisitho yenkolo.

Olu phando, olwenziwe ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-10 ngo-Epreli 2014, lwabanjwa kwindawo yentengiso ezinikezelwe kuphando lwe-Intanethi. Ukugaywa kwabathathi-nxaxheba kwahluka, kubandakanya iibhanile ezithunyelwe kuFacebook, iiwebhusayithi eziphambili ze-2, iwebhusayithi ye-intanethi yokuthandana, kunye newebhusayithi yamaphephancwadi yabasetyhini eyaziwayo. Iidilesi ze-IP zabathathi-nxaxheba azibhalwanga ngokusisigxina ukuqinisekisa ukungaziwa. Ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nesifundo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezifunekayo kwimvume enolwazi zinikezelwe kwiscreen sokuqala se-1. Ngaphambi kokufikelela kwiphepha lemibuzo, abathathi-nxaxheba kwafuneka baqinisekise ukuba bakwiminyaka esemthethweni (okt, ≥18 iminyaka). Inkqubo yokufunda yavunywa yibhodi yokuphononongwa kokuziphatha yeSebe lezeNtlalontle, iFakhalthi yoLuntu kunye nezeNzululwazi yezeNtlalo, kwiDyunivesithi yaseZagreb.

Iziphumo eziPhambili

Ngezantsi siza kufaka izikhombisi ezichaphazelekayo kule sifundo. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokugqiba uphando lwangaphantsi kwemizuzu ye-22.

Ukwaziswa ngezesondo

Ukuqhelaniswa ngokwesondo kuphandwe kusetyenziswa i-5-point Likert esikalini (1 = kuphela ubufanasini ukuya ku-5 = kuphela isini esahlukileyo). Ngokuhambelana noHald noŠtulhofer,⁶ Iimpendulo zabathathi-nxaxheba zahlulwa ngokwamacandelo alandelayo: 0 = kuphela isini esahlukileyo (5) kunye ne-1 = engeyiyo eyokulala nomntu omnye (1-4) yokuqinisekisa amandla obalo olwaneleyo kuhlalutyo.

Ukuwaneliseka ngokwesondo kunye nokuzihlola

Inkcazelo ye-12 yento entsha yeNgcaciso yoSondo²¹ yayisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukoneliseka ngokwesondo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ezidlulileyo. Lo manyathelo adityanisiweyo abonisa ukungqinelana okungaphakathi kwangaphakathi kwisifundo esikhoyo (iCronbach α = 0.93), enamanqaku aphezulu abonisa ukwaneliseka okuphezulu kwezesondo. Ukujongana nokuzivavanya kwabathathi-nxaxheba kwiminqweno yabo yesini kunye nemibono yabo, kusetyenziswe ezi zinto zimbini: "Umdla wam wesondo uphilile" kwaye "Iingcinga zam zesondo zindenza umntu ombi." Iimpendulo zinikwe kusetyenziswa inqaku le-2-kwinqanaba lokufana ne-Likert ukusuka kwi-5 = ayisebenzi kum konke ukuya kwi-1 = isebenza kum ngokupheleleyo. Izinto ze-5 zazinxulumene kuphela buthathaka (r = -2).

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-SEM kunye neziqulatho ezithile ze-SEM

Ukuphindaphindwa kokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo kwakulinganiswa kusetyenziswa isikali senqaku le-8 ukusuka kwi-1 = soze siye ku-8 = mihla le okanye phantse yonke imihla. Abathathi-nxaxheba babuzwa malunga nokuvuka kwabo ngokwesondo okunxulumene nemixholo ethile ye-SEM engama-27 kusetyenziswa lo mbuzo ulandelayo: "Nceda ubonise ukuba uvusa njani ukufumana ezi ntlobo ze-SEM zilandelayo?" (Itheyibhile 1). Iimpendulo zanikezelwa kusetyenziswa isikali se-5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not all to 5 = to a great extent). Imixholo ikhethwe ngokweHald²² kwaye uluhlu lwezinto ezikhoyo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswe rhoqo kunye neentlobo ze-SEM zifikeleleke njengoko zinikwe kwiiSEM ezinkulu zezorhwebo.^{23, 24}

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*Lo mxholo uhlelwe ngokuthi "ongewona oqhelekileyo" ngokubhekiselele kwi-Scoustic Scousing Arousal Scale.^{6, 7}

Ukuvuswa kwezesondo kwi-Content Non-Mainstream SEM

Isilinganiselo se-5-item NPAS sisetyenziswe njengesalathisi sokuvuswa kwesondo kwisimo esingengomxholo we-SEM (bona kwakhona ^{6, 7}). I-NPAS yaphuhliswa ukulinganisa iipatheni ezinxulumene ne-SEM ezinxulumene nokuvuswa kwezesondo ngokusekelwe ekuvukeni kwezesondo ngokwazo kwiingqungquthela ezahlukeneyo ze-SEM ze-27. Kwimiba yesini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo, izibonakaliso ezinamandla kakhulu ze-SEM ezingezantsi eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ezi zilandelayo zihloko ze-SEM ze-5 ezingezizo: (i) i-sadomasochism, (ii) ububele (kuquka i-latex), (iii) isondo esinobudlova (kuquka ukudlwengulwa okufanayo , ubugwenxa, kunye nokunyanzelisa), (iv) ubukhoboka kunye nokulawula (kuquka ukuqeqeshwa), kunye (v) nentsingiselo okanye i-SEM eyingozi.^{6, 7} Akukho nkcazo ithile yomxholo ngamnye ebonelelwa yi-NPAS. Abathathi-nxaxheba baceliwe ukuba babonise ukuba bavusa njani ukufumana imixholo nganye ye-5 kusetyenziswa isikali se-5-point Likert (1 = hayi kwaphela ukuya ku-5 = ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elikhulu kakhulu).

Uhlalutyo lweSatisati

Isicwangciso sohlalutyo jikelele sinezinyathelo ze-5. Uhlalutyo lweklasente lwalandelayo lusetyenziswe ukuchonga amaqoqo ngokusekelwe kumanqaku avakalisiweyo okuvusa isondo kwii-XEMUMX ezahlukileyo zeemviwo ze-SEM. Le nkqubo yanikezela ngokuqokelela ngokuchanekileyo kwedatha. Inani leeklasi laqulunqwa usebenzisa i-criterion ye-Bayesian. Imodeli yafakwa kuMclust 27 kwi-R 5.0.1.^{25, 26} Ukusebenzisa ukunyuswa kwezesondo kwiimpawu zengqungquthela ze-SEM, i-10 iindibano ezivusa isondo kunye neengxelo ze-10 ezincinci eziphakanyisiweyo ziye zafunyanwa kwiklasi ngalinye elilindileyo. Emva koko, sihlolisise ukuvela kweempawu ze-NPAS 5 ezingaqhelekanga phakathi kwe-10 evusela kakhulu kunye ne-10 encinci yokuvusa imixholo ye-SEM. Amanqaku angatshatangayo (angabonakaliyo ngokuvakalayo) kwiklasi nganye yahlanganiswa ngokukhupha inani leengqungquthela ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo ezifunyenwe kwii-10 ezincinci iingongoma ezivela kwinani lezihloko ezingezizo eziphakathi kweempawu ze-SEM ze-10. Iiklasi zeLatenti ezineenkalo ze-3 zahlulwa njengamaqela angabalulekanga ngokwesondo (Itheyibhile 2), kwaye bonke abanye bahlulwe njengamaqela avuselela ngokwesondo.

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G = iqela; I-SEM = imithombo yeendaba ezesondo.

*Amaqela (iiklasi ezifihlakeleyo) ezibonakaliswa ziipateni zokuvuselela inkanuko yesini ezingaqhelekanga ziboniswa ngohlobo olubhalwe ngqindilili, ngelixa amaqela abonakaliswa ziipateni zokuvuselela inkanuko yesini azikho. Amanqaku ewonke (A + B) amele inani lemixholo engaqhelekanga (iyonke = 5; Itheyibhile 1) phakathi kweengxelo ze-10 ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiqela elithile elikhutshwa liqela lezihloko ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo phakathi kweengxelo ze-10 ezibalulekileyo zeqela elithile. Iiklasi zeLatente ezineenkalo ze-3 zahlulwa ngokuthi "ukuvuthwa ngokwesini kwimiba engeyiyo yonke imixholo ye-SEM," kanti zonke ezinye iiklasi zaphathwa ngokuba "ukuvusa isondo ngokokuququzelela amaqela omxholo we-SEM."

Emva kokuba iifowuni ezifunyenweyo zifunyanwe zingekho ziqhelekileyo okanye ziqhelekileyo, zazifaniswa nobudala kunye nokuphindaphinda kwe-SEM zisetyenziswa kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-12 zisebenzisa i-t-tests. Okulandelayo, uhlalutyo oluninzi lweengxaki zokuguqulwa kwamalungu kunye nobulungu kumaqela angamaqela aqhelekileyo njengoko isiphumo sasetyenziselwa ukuhlolisisa ubudlelwane bayo kunye nezikolo zeNPAS. Uhlalutyo luye lwahlengahlengiswa iminyaka yobudala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM. Iimpawu zeendlela zokufumana iimpumelelo zetyenziselwa ukuqhubela phambili ukulinganisa ikhono lokubikezela le-NPAS. Ukwaziswa ngomsebenzi wokumisa ngesondo ngokuvusa,^{1, 27} zonke izihlalutyo zazingqinelana ngesini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo.

iziphumo

Ukuya kwinjongo yokufunda ye-1st, uhlalutyo lweklasi olusandul 'ukusetyenziswa lwalusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya inqanaba apho abathathi-nxaxheba' abazixela ngokwabo ngokwesondo kwimixholo eyahlukeneyo ye-SEM engama-27 enokuthi yahlulwe ibe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo. I vector yokuthetha yeqela ngalinye (okt, iklasi efihlakeleyo) ibonakalisiwe ngokucacileyo ngaphakathi Umzobo 1.

Umzobo 1

Umyinge wamanqanaba okuvusa isondo kwi-27 iindimu zeendaba zoononophelo ezenzelwe ucalulo. Isangqa, iinqantathu, iminqamlezo, kunye neenkwenkwezi zibonisa iikholeji ezilandelelweyo 1, 2, 3, kunye ne-4, ngokulandelanayo, njengoko kuchazwa Itheyibhile 2. Ubume bemixholo yeendaba zoxhatshazo ngokwesondo lubekwe kulo Itheyibhile 1. Amanqaku emxholo ngamnye ahlonyelwe ukuba ne-0 ithetha ngokubhekiselele kwisini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo; ii-axiksi zihluke kwizinga phakathi kwezicwangciso. Ngaphandle kwamadoda ahlukeneyo ngokwesini, i-group ascensional sexually stimulating group media is represented by cross. Ngaphandle kwamadoda angenawo umntu ohlukeneyo ngokwesini, inxalenye engabonakaliyo yesondo ephakanyisiweyo yezocwangciso zezesondo ixhaswa yiinkwenkwezi. Kwababhinqa besini esithandana nabo besini, iintlobo ezingabonakaliyo zesondo zoxhatshazo lwezesondo ezixhatshazwa ngokwesini zimelelwe ngamathathu kunye nezibonda. Kwabesetyhini abangabandakanyekanga kuphela, isondo esicacileyo esicacileyo ngesini esingaqhelekanga sesigxina sesigxina sesigxina. Wonke amanye amaqela ahlanganiswe ngabathathi-nxaxheba abandakanyekayo ngokuvusa isondo ngokuqhelekileyo ekuqululeni iziqulatho ezibonakalayo zesondo.

Jonga umfanekiso omkhulu | Jonga umfanekiso we-Hi-Res | Landa iSilayidi ye-PowerPoint

I-Bayesian i-criterion yolwazi ibonise ukuba iiklasi ze-4 latent yiyona isisombululo esifanelekileyo kuzo zonke i-4 strata (abafazi kunye nabesilisa kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nokungabambisani). Emva koko, sihlolisise i-10 kakhulu evuselayo kwaye i-10 encinci ivuselela izihloko ze-SEM ngeliqela kwaye ibalwe amanqaku angabonakaliyo okuvakalayo kwiqela ngalinye (Itheyibhile 1).

Ukubunjwa kweqela ngalinye kuboniswe kuyo Itheyibhile 2. Kwisiqendu ngasinye, ngaphandle kwabasetyhini kuphela abesini esahlukileyo, iklasi ye-1 latent ibonakaliswe ngokucacileyo kukuvusa okuphezulu kwimixholo engeyiyo ye-SEM. Kwabafazi kuphela abesini esahlukileyo, ama-2 amaqela eklasi afihlakeleyo abonwa. Iqela elingaqhelekanga lalincinci kakhulu kuphela kubantu abangatshatanga ngokwesini (n = 25, 9.5%). Kwabesilisa abatshatileyo kunye nabasetyhini abangafaniyo ngokwesini, ngaphezulu kwe-1 yesihlanu yabathathi-nxaxheba bahlelwa kwiqela elingaqhelekanga (n = 127, 21.7%; n = 129, 27.9%, ngokwahlukeneyo), eyayisezantsi ngokuphawuleka kunesini esahlukileyo. Abasetyhini abaphantse isiqingatha sabo bahlelwa kwi-1 yamaqela angama-2 angaqhelekanga (n = 332, 46.0%). Ezi ziphumo ziqinisekisa ukuba iqela labasebenzisi be-SEM elingaqhelekanga linokuchongwa ngokusekwe kwisimo sokuxela ngokwabelana ngesondo kwi-27 imixholo eyahlukeneyo ye-SEM kwisini nakwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo.

Abathathi-nxaxheba be-SEM abangaqhelekanga baqhathaniswa nabathathi-nxaxheba beqela le-SEM ngokungafaniyo kwiminyaka kunye nobude be-SEM basebenzisa kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-12 (Itheyibhile 3). Ukwahlukana kweminyaka kubalulekile kuphela kubantu abathandana nabo (t₅₈₄ = 2.07, P <.05, Cohen d = 0.17) kunye nabasetyhini abangabandakanyekanga ngokwesini (t₄₆₁ = 3.01, P <, 01, uCohen d = 0.28). Kwi-3 ye-4 isampulu, isantya sokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM sasiphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba beqela le-SEM elingaqhelekanga xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba beqela le-SEM (amadoda angqingili, t₅₈₄ = -2.97, P <.001, uCohen d = 0.031; abantu besini esahlukileyo, t₆₃₁ = -7.17, P <.001, uKohen d = 0.55; ababhinqileyo abangatshatanga, t₂₃₃ = -6.27, P <.0001, uCohen d = 0.64).

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G = iqela; I-SEM = imithombo yeendaba ezesondo.

*Amacandelo (iikholeji ezilandeleleneyo) ezibonakaliswe ngamathandabuzo angaqhelekanga ngokwesondo, zibonakaliswa ngolu hlobo olubhaliweyo, kanti amaqela abonakaliswe ngamaphethini avuselela ngokwesondo awanalo.

†Ukwahlukana phakathi kweqela.

‡P <.05; ^§P <.01; ^‖P <.001.

Injongo ye-2nd yophando, abathathi-nxaxheba kwii-SEM eziqhelekileyo ngokubanzi bavakalisa amanqanaba aphakamileyo aphezulu ngokwesini se-27 i-SEM ehlolwayo kunokuba abathathi-nxaxheba bevela kwii-SEM eziqhelekileyo. Le yinto yezobulili kunye nolwabelana ngesondo. Umzobo 1 ibonisa ukuba izinga lezondo zokuvusa isondo kwiindawo ezisemgangathweni zivame ukulandela iphethini efanayo kunye nokuhlelwa kweempendulo kwiingqungquthela ze-27 SEM. Le pateni ibonakala ngokukhethekileyo kubayeni kunye nabesifazane abangabandlelani kunye nabafazi kunye nabancinci abasetyhini.

Njengoko ku ngeniswe Itheyibhile 3, Uvavanyo lwezinto onomdla kuzo ngokwesini kunye neminqweno yabo yayihluke kakhulu phakathi kwamaqela aqhelekileyo kunye nalawo angaqhelekanga kuphela kumadoda kuphela abesini esahlukileyo. Amadoda athandana nabantu abathandana nabantu abavela kwiqela eliqhelekileyo lokuvusa isigwebo kwiminqweno yabo yesondo njengokuba bephilile kwaye bengenanto embi xa kuthelekiswa namadoda avela kwiqela elingaqhelekanga, kunye nobukhulu bezo ntlukwano zincinci (t₁₇₇ = 2.42, P <0.05, uCohen d = 0.25; t₁₆₃ = -2.40, P <.05, Cohen d = 0.26, ngokwahlukeneyo). Akukho mahluko kulwaneliseko ngokwesondo phakathi kwamaqela aqhelekileyo kunye nalawo angaqhelekanga afunyenwe kwisini nakwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo.

Kwinjongo yokufunda ye-3rd (ukubanakho kwe-NPAS ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo ubulungu kwiqela elingaqhelekanga le-SEM), uhlalutyo oluninzi lwezinto ezazisenziwa lwenziwa ngokwesini nakwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo. Ukulawula iminyaka kunye nokuhamba rhoqo kokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM, amanqaku aphezulu e-NPAS anyuse kakhulu amathuba okuba lilungu kwiqela elingaqhelekanga le-SEM kuwo onke amaqhekeza e-4 (uhlengahlengiso lokulinganisa = 1.66-2.39, P <.001). Amanqaku e-NPAS ahlala eqikelela ubulungu kwiqela elingelilo eliqhelekileyo le-SEM elingcono kakhulu kunoko kulindelweyo ngamathuba. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili kwenqanaba kwakusezantsi kakhulu kubantu abangatshatanga ngokwesini kunye nabasetyhini abathandanayo, abo i-68% kunye ne-71% ngokwahlukeneyo, yamatyala ekujoliswe kuwo ahlelwa ngokuchanekileyo. Kumadoda abesini esahlukileyo kunye nabasetyhini abangafaniyo ngokwesini, ukusebenza kwangaphambili kwakuyi-79% kunye ne-96% ngokwahlukeneyo.

Uhlalutyo lweempawu zokusebenza²⁸ isetyenziselwe ukubonelela ngolwazi malunga nokusebenza kwe-NPAS ekwahlulahlula iqela labathathi-nxaxheba be-SEM abavela kwiqela labathathi-nxaxheba be-SEM. Uhlalutyo lucebisile ukuba umlinganiso wawunokuchaneka okuphezulu phakathi kwabantu besini esahlukileyo (indawo ephantsi kwegophe [AUC] = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.97) kunye namadoda angengabo abesini esahlukileyo (AUC = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.99) kunye phakathi kwabasetyhini abangafaniyo ngokwesini (i-AUC = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93-0.97). Phakathi kwabasetyhini abesini esahlukileyo, ukuchaneka kwe-NPAS kufunyenwe kungabalulekanga (AUC = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.83-0.89), ehambelana nokuqwalaselwa kwethu kwangaphambili (4 Table).

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I-AOR = umlinganiso ohleliweyo wokungangqinelani; I-NPAS = Engaqhelekanga kwi-Pornography Scale Scale.

*Ulungelelaniso kwiminyaka nobude bokusetyenziswa kwamacandelo okusetyenziswa ngokwesondo kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-12.

†Ukuvuthwa ngesondo kuvulo olungabonakaliyo lwamaqela oluntu olucacileyo ngokwesondo.

‡P <.001.

ingxoxo

Olu pho nonongo lufumene ukuba amaqela asebenzisa i-SEM abonakaliswe ngamaphethini okuvusa isondo kwi-SEM engeyiyo ingabonakaliswa ngokubhekiselele kwisini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo ngokusekelwe ekuzivuselelweni kwabo ngokwesini ngokwazo kwi-27 ezikhoyo ze-SEM zifundo usebenzisa i-latent analysis analysis. Ukuqhubela phambili, isifundo safumanisa ambalwa kakhulu umahluko phakathi kwala maqela kunye namaqela akwi-SEM ngokukwaneliseka ngokwesondo kunye nokuvavanya kwezinto zesini kunye neengcamango. Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba be-SEM abaqhelekanga bavakalisa amanqanaba aphakamileyo aphezulu ngokwesini se-27 i-SEM yophando xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba beqela le-SEM. Lo mzekelo wempendulo wawukhankanywe ngokukodwa kubantu kunye nabesifazane abangengowesibini. Ukongezelela, uphando lubone ukuba ukufaneleka kwangaphakathi kunye nokuchaneka kwangaphambili kweNPAS kwakulungile kubo bonke amaqela, ngaphandle kwabesetyhini abasetyhini, abo babengumxube.

Ngokukodwa kubantu besini esingabafazi kunye nabesifazana abangafaniyo, abaye babonakaliswa ngamanqanaba amaninzi okuvusa isondo kwiingqungquthela ze-SEM ezingaqhelekanga, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iipateni zokuvusa ngokwesondo ezenziwe ngu-SEM kwiimeko ezingekho phantsi kwebhoratri zinokuba zichaneke kakhulu, zingagcinwanga, kunye necandelo elincinci elincinci ngaphambili.^{13, 14, 15, 16, 17} Oku kukuxhasa ukuphakama kwe-SEM ephakamileyo kunye nokubonisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba be-SEM abangaqhelekanga nabo bavuswa ngamagama angundoqo ("vanilla"). Ezi ziphumo zihluke ngandlela-thile ukusuka kwintsholongwane ekwakhiwa kwezigulane ezibonisa iingxaki ezingenakunzima zokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo (umzekelo, i-paraphilias), kwiipatheni zokuvusa ngokwesondo kaninzi zichazwa ukuba zichanekile kwaye zichazwe ngokucacileyo.^{29, 30, 31} Siyicacisa ukuba isizathu esona sizathu sokungqinelani kukuba kwizicwangciso zesikliniki abantu ababonisa ingxaki engeyiyo yoxhaswa ngokwesondo, mhlawumbi bangabamba iqela labantu abathile iipatheni zokuvusa ngesondo zixhomekeke kuphela, zichanekile kwaye zihambelana ngokuthe -kukhethwa kwintando yesondo kunamaqela achazwe kwisifundo samanje.³¹ Enye inkcazo ingabhekiswa kwindlela lwethu uphando olwenziwe ngayo. Ukuba ngaba sibhalise abantu abaye bafumana ulwazi oluninzi kwi-SEM kuneentanga zabo, ngoko-ke umzekelo ongaphantsi wokuvuselela kwi-SEM unokuba ngumphumo we-SEM ogqithiseleyo, ongabandakanya nokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM.

Ngomxholo wophando lwe-SEM, ukufunyaniswa kwamaphetheni aphindaphindiweyo okwezesondo phakathi kwamaqela angasebenzisi angaqhelekanga kwi-SEM angasichazwa njengophambuke kwi-hypothesis ye-satiation eqhubekayo, ebonisa ukuba ngokuqhubekayo "okugqithiseleyo" ezifunekayo ukuvuselela isondo.³² Ubuncinane kwinqanaba leqela, iziphumo zethu azibonakali zivumelanisa le ngcamango, kuba ukuvuswa kwesondo kwi-contents ye-SEM engeyiyo yonke into ayizange ifake i-excuse to "extreme" (ngokuqhelekileyo) umxholo we-SEM kumaqela angama-SEM angaqhelekanga.

Isifundo asifumananga ukungafani phakathi kwamaqela e-SEM engekhoyo kwaye aqhelekileyo ngokuphathelele ukwaneliseka kwabo ngokwesondo kunye nezigwebo zabo zesondo kunye neengcamango ngaphandle kobodwa abesilisa abangatshatanga. Ngokubhekiselele kwisini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo, abathathi-nxaxheba ngokubanzi bagweba iminqweno yabo yesondo "njengempilweni" kwaye ukuba iingcamango zabo zesini azizange zenze "umntu ombi". Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba abantu abavanyelwa ngokwesondo ngokuvuswa kwezinto ezingekho phantsi kwe-SEM abazibandakanyeki ngokwabo ngendlela echaphazela kakubi ukwaneliseka kwabo ngokwesondo okanye izigwebo malunga neenjongo zabo zesini kunye neengcinga.

Phakathi kwamadoda angqingiliyo, amaqela e-SEM aqhelekileyo ahlolisisa iimfuno zabo zesondo njengento enempilo kakhulu kunye neengcamango zabo zesondo ezifana "ezingalunganga" kunabalingani babo abangaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ubukhulu bezo ntlukwano bezithobekile, ukwakhiwa kwahlolwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezalathisi zento enye, kwaye ngenxa yokuba asinalo iqela lophando olwenzela ngokwaneleyo ezi ziphumo, siyayeka ukucacisa ngokuthe ngolu hlobo. Endaweni yoko, sifuna ukuba uphando olusasaza luze luhlolisise ezi ziphumo zokuqala ngendlela eyenza ukunyaniseka nokuqinisekiswa kwazo.

Kuphando lokuchaneka kokuxelwa kwangaphambili kwe-Hald kunye ne-Štulhofer's NPAS,⁶ ukulawula iminyaka kunye nobude bokusetyenziswa kwe-SEM, iziphumo zabonisa ukufaneleka okusemgangathweni lwangaphakathi kwaye isiqhelo sichazwe ngokubaluleka kobulungu beqela ekujoliswe kuzo kwizesini kunye nolwabelana ngesondo ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba kulindeleke ngethuba. Ukuphumelela kwangaphambili kwesikali kwakuphantsi kwabesilisa abangabambulwanga ngabesilisa kunye nabesifazana abasetyhini. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweempawu zeendlela zokufumana izixhobo eziphakanyisiweyo ziphakanyisiwe ukuba ukuchaneka kwesikali kwakulungile ukugqwesa²⁸ kuwo onke amaqela ngaphandle kwabasetyhini abasetyhini.

Isizathu sokunxibelelana okuphantsi kwe-NPAS kwimeko yokungabikho kwabantu besini esingabahlali besinye inokuba yinto yokuba isigaba sokuqala sokuvuswa kwesondo esingaqhelekanga kufaka iindatshana ezinxulumene ngesondo, apho abantu abangenabo abantu besini na ngaphezu (kuphela) amadoda angatshatanga.³³ Oku kuya kunciphisa amandla okubandlulula eNPAS kweli qela. Kubafazi besini esithandana nabo, apho iNPAS iqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo, kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zezi zinto. (i) Kubonakala ngathi ukutyekela kwiinkcubeko eziqhelekileyo zenkcubeko ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-2 yeengqungquthela ezibonakala ngokugqithiseleyo ekuhlelweni kwamacandelo angama-SEM angaqhelekanga, okuthi (i) i-sadomasochism kunye (ii) nokugqila, ukulawula nokuziphatha. Ukupapashwa kwezi ntlobo ngeencwadi kunye neefilimu ezifana Amathunzi angamashumi amahlanu nantlanu kagreyi kubonakala kubandakanyeka kakhulu kwabasetyhini abasetyhini.^{19, 20, 34} (ii) Isampula sethu sinomlinganiselo omkhulu wabasetyhini abafundiswe kakuhle. Ngenxa yokuba imfundo inxulumene ngokusondeleyo kunye nomdla kwizondo zohlukeneyo, oku (kwakhona) kunokuchaphazela ikhono lokubandlulula le-NPAS phakathi kwabasetyhini abasini kunye nabo kwi-dataset yethu ngokukodwa. (iii) Ukuphanda kwiingcamango zesondo kubonisa ukuba abafazi bafanisa namadoda kaninzi babe neengcamango malunga nokulawulwa.^{35, 36} Ngako oko, amandla okubandlulula ngezinto ezijolise ekulawuleni zingabuthathaka phakathi kwabasetyhini ngenxa yesimo esivamile sendawo esenzekayo kwimixholo enjalo kwiingcamango zabo zesondo. Njengendlela yokulungisa, sichaza ukuba ukuhlolwa kwexesha elizayo lwezithethe ze-NPAS kubandakanya ukuvavanywa kwezinto ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo kunye / okanye amagama ahlukeneyo kule mixholo engxaki phakathi kwabantu abangabesini kunye nabesifazana abasetyhini.

Xa uqwalasela iziphumo ezichaziweyo, iimida ezininzi zokufunda kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Isifundo sasebenzisa isicwangciso-sampula esingenakwenzeka, esinokunciphisa ukuveliswa kweziphumo zophando, kuba isampuli yethu yayingenalutho kubafundi abathathiweyo nabafundisayo. Ngaphezulu koko, amanyathelo okunika ingxelo kunye nokuvavanya ayenziwe kwisifundo. Nangona ezi ngxelo ziyimigangatho yophando lwezocansi, azinako ukuhlala zichanekile, kuba zizisa ubungqina bezinto ezichanekileyo.³⁷ Ukongeza, ukuzivavanya ngokwakho kwiminqweno yesini kunye neminqweno yesini enxulunyaniswa namava anxulumene ne-SEM kuvavanywa kusetyenziswa izikhombisi zento ye-1, engenakho ukubamba ngokufanelekileyo ubunzima bezi ngcamango (jonga kwakhona ³⁸). Kulo khanyiso, iziphumo ezihambelana nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuqala.

Ukubeka le miqathango ngaphandle, uvavanyo lunikeza i-1st ingqiqo kwiipatheni zamanqanaba aphakamileyo okuvusa isondo kwiintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-SEM kubasebenzisi be-SEM abonakalisa iipatheni ezizimeleyo zokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo kunye ne-SEM engundoqo. Kule sifundo, abathathi-nxaxheba be-SEM abaqhelekileyo ngokubanzi basebenzise i-SEM ngaphezulu kwaye baxelele amanqanaba aphakamileyo okwezesondo kwi-SEM xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba beqela le-SEM. Ukuqhubela phambili, abathathi-nxaxheba abangekho-mbonakaliso babonisa ukungaqiniseki kwe-SEM ukuvuselela kunye nokuvelisa izigwebo ezingenanto ezingathandekiyo malunga nesondo kunye neengcamango zabo zesini. Ngaphezu koko, isifundo sibonisa ukuba i-NPAS esandul 'ukutsha^{6, 7} Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa ukuchaneka okulungileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kwindoda kunye nabafazi abangabodwa ngokuzibandakanya, besenza isixhobo esinokuthenjwa kubaphandi kunye neeklinikhi esebenzisana ne-SEM kunye / okanye ukuvuswa kwesondo kule miqela yomsebenzisi.

Ingxelo yo kubhala

Udidi 1

• (a)

UkuCwangciswa kunye nokuDalwa

• Gert Martin Hald; Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

• (B)

Ukufunyanwa kweDatha

• Gert Martin Hald; Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

• (c)

Uhlalutyo kunye nokuchazwa kwedatha

• Gert Martin Hald; Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

Udidi 2

• (a)

Ukuqulunqwa kweSiqendu

• Gert Martin Hald; Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

• (B)

Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwiNkcazelo yoBuchule

• Gert Martin Hald; Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

Udidi 3

• (a)

Ukuvunyelwa kokugqibela kweCandelo eligqityiweyo

• Gert Martin Hald; Aleksandar Stulhofer; Theis Lange

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