UNorman Doidge kwiphonografi kunye ne-neuroplasticity: "Ubuchopho obuzitshintshayo"

Amazwana: La maphepha Ubungqina Obuguqula (2007) ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo uNorman Doidge ubaluleke kakhulu kwikhobokiso lika-porn, kwaye ucacise indlela ezithandwa ngayo i-intanethi zezinto ezingamanyala.unyamezelo"). Ukuba uyathanda, funda isahluko sonke: Ukuvuselela Unambitheko kunye noThanda.

Iziqendu ezivela kwisahluko:

Ibhubhane langoku le-porn linika umboniso ocacileyo wokuba ukuthanda izinto zesondo kunokufumaneka. Iifoto zoonografi, ezihanjiswa kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ngokukhawuleza, ziyanelisa zonke izinto ezifunekayo ukuze kwenziwe utshintsho lwe-neuroplastic [olutsha lwesiphaluka se-neural-element element of addiction].

Iifoto zoonografi zibonakala ngathi, xa ziqala, ziba ngumcimbi ongokwemvelo: iifoto ezicacileyo zesini ezenza izimpendulo zangokwemvelo, eziyimveliso yezigidi zeminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kodwa ukuba loo nto yayiyinyani, iifotoli ezingenakuguquka. Izinto ezinjalo ezibangelwayo, iinxalenye zomzimba kunye nobukhulu bazo, obhenkcekisayo okhokho bethu kuya kusenza sijabule. Yilokho abahlaziyi bezentlalo abaya kuyenza ukuba sikholwe, kuba bathi bayalwa nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, i-tab, kunye noloyiko kwaye injongo yabo kukukhulula inzululwazi yokuziphatha ngokwesondo.

Kodwa ngokwenene umxholo weefografi Eguqukayo into ebonakalisa ngokugqibeleleyo inkqubela phambili yencasa efunyenweyo. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo, iphonografi ethi "hardcore" yayihlala ithetha cacile ukuboniswa kwezokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwamaqabane amabini avuselelweyo, ebonisa amalungu abo esini. "I-Softcore" yayithetha imifanekiso yabasetyhini, ikakhulu, ebhedini, kwigumbi langasese, okanye kwindawo ethile yothando, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokukhulula, amabele abonakalisiwe.

Ngoku i-hardcore iguqukile kwaye iya ilawulwa yimixholo ye-sadomasochistic yesini esinyanzelisiweyo, i-ejaculations ebusweni babafazi, kunye nesini esine-anal esibuhlungu, konke kubandakanya izikripthi zokuxuba isondo kunye nentiyo nokuthotywa. I-Hardcore iphonografi ngoku iphonononga umhlaba wokugqwetha, ngelixa i-softcore ngoku ibiyinto enzima kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, ukuba neentlobano zesini phakathi kwabantu abadala, ngoku ikhoyo kwi-cable TV. Imifanekiso ethe tye ethe xhaxhe yeminyaka edlulileyo-abasetyhini kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuzikhulula -ngoku-iyavela kumajelo eendaba aphambili imini yonke, ekuboniseni amanyala kuyo yonke into, kubandakanya umabonwakude, iividiyo zerock, imidlalo yeesepha, iintengiso, njalo njalo.

Ukukhula koonografi kuye kwaba yinto engavamile; i-akhawunti ye-25 yepesenti yee-rentals zevidiyo kunye nesine sesine sizathu esivakalayo abantu banikela ukuhamba kwi-intanethi. Ucwaningo lwe-MSNBC.com lwababukeli kwi-2001 lufumene ukuba i-80 yepesenti babecinga ukuba bachitha ixesha elininzi kwiindawo zoononografi ababeka ubuhlobo babo okanye imisebenzi engozini. Impembelelo ye-Softcore yecalografi ngoku iyaninzi kakhulu kuba, ngoku kungabonakali kuyabangela abantu abancinci abanamava amancinci kunye neengqondo zeplastiki, kwinkqubo yokwenza iminqweno yabo yesini kunye neminqweno. Sekunjalo impembelelo yeplastiki yoonografi kubantu abadala ingaba yinto enzulu, kwaye abo bayisebenzisayo abanakuqonda ukuba ubuchopho babo bubuyiselwa njani.

Ngexesha lokugqibela ukuya kwii-1990, emva kokuba i-intanethi ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-pornography iqhuma kuyo, ndaphatha okanye ndavavanya inani lamadoda ayenayo ibali elifanayo. Ngamnye wayefumene inzame ngohlobo oluthile loonografi, kangangokuthi, ngokugqithiseleyo okanye kumncinci, wayekhathazekile okanye wamdelela, wayenempembelelo ephazamisayo kwisimo sakhe sesondo, kwaye ekugqibeleni wayichaphazela ubudlelwane bakhe kunye nobulili.

Akukho namnye kula madoda ayenempilo, engahlali, okanye ehoxiswa kwihlabathi ukuba aqokelele ukuqokelela iifoto zoonobumba obuninzi esikhundleni sentsapho kunye nabasetyhini bokwenene. La madoda ayamnandi, ngokuqhelekileyo ayengqiqo, ebudlelwaneni obuphumelelayo okanye kwimitshato.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngelixa ndaphatha enye yala madoda ngenye ingxaki, wayeya kubika, phantse njengecala kunye nokuthetha kakubi, ukuba ufumene uchitha ixesha elininzi kwi-Intanethi, ekhangele iifoto zoonografi kunye nokuphinga. Unokuzama ukumnciphisa ubuhlungu bakhe ngokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu wenza. Kwezinye iimeko wayeza kuqala ngokujonga i-a playboyisayithi okanye kwindawo engabonakaliyo okanye ividyo kliphu ukuba umntu umthumelele njenge-lark. Kwamanye amaxesha wayeya kusiya kwindawo engenakulimala, kunye nesiluleko esichaphazelayo esammisela kwiindawo ezinobungozi, kwaye kungekudala wayeza kubanjwa.

Inani lala madoda lichaze into enye, ngokuqhelekileyo idlulayo, eyamkela ingqalelo yam. Bachaza ubunzima obukhulayo ekuguquleni ngamalingani abo ngokwesini, abatshatileyo okanye intombi, nakuba bebecinga ukuba zikhangeleke ngokufanelekileyo. Xa ndabuza ukuba le nto yayinobunye ubuhlobo bokubukela iphonografi, baphendula ngokuthi ekuqaleni babancedisa ukuba bajabule ngakumbi ngexesha lesondo kodwa ke emva kwexesha kwaba nempembelelo eyahlukileyo. Ngoku, endaweni yokusebenzisa zabo iingqondo ukuba banandiphe ekulala, ngoku, kunye namaqabane abo, ukuthanda uthando kubenza bafune ukuba baqikelele ukuba babeyingxenye yeskripthi se-porn. Abanye bazama ngokunyanisekileyo ukunyanzelisa abathandi babo ukuba benze njengeenkwenkwezi zoononopopayi, kwaye babelokhu banomdla "ekuthandeni" ngokuchasene nokuba "nokwenza uthando." Ukuphila kwabo kwimiba yezocansi kwakuxhomekeke ngakumbi kwiimeko ezazingenayo, ngaloo ndlela bakhululwa ubuchopho, kwaye ezi zincwadi zeempendulo zazivame ukuba zincinci kwaye zinobundlobongela kunezo zengqondo zangaphambili zesondo. Ndandifumene ukuba naluphi na ubugcisa bobulili aba bantu babesifa kunye nokuba babebenomlutha kwi-intanethi.

Utshintsho endilubonileyo alugcini kubantu abambalwa kunyango. Utshintsho kwezentlalo luyenzeka. Ngelixa kunzima ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngasese, oku akunjalo ngemifanekiso engamanyala namhlanje, kuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuya kusiba luluntu. Olu tshintsho luhambelana noshintsho ekuyibizeni ngokuba "iphonografi" ukuya kwigama eliqhelekileyo elithi "iphonografi." Kwincwadi yakhe kubomi bekhampasi yaseMelika, Ndingum Charlotte Simmons, UTom Wolfe uchithe iminyaka eliqela ejonga abafundi kwiikhampasi zaseyunivesithi. Kwincwadi enye yenkwenkwe, u-Ivy Peters, ungena kwindawo yokuhlala yamadoda kwaye athi, "Ukhona umntu obenamanyala?"

Uqhubeka uWolfe, “Esi yayingesosicelo singaqhelekanga. Amakhwenkwe amaninzi ayethetha ngokuphandle malunga nendlela abaphulula amalungu esini kanye kube kanye yonke imihla, ngokungathi olu lolunye uhlobo lokugcina ngobungqongqo inkqubo yobufanasini. ” Omnye wamakhwenkwe uxelela uIvy Peters, “Zama kumgangatho wesithathu. Babephethe amaphephancwadi ngesandla esinye phaya phezulu. ” Kodwa uPeters uyaphendula, “Ndiyakhile unyamezelo kwiimagazini… ndifuna iividiyo. ” Enye inkwenkwe ithi, “Owu, f'r uChrissake, IP, yintsimbi yeshumi ebusuku. Ngelinye ilixa izibi zokulahla ikum ziya kuqala apha zize kuchitha ubusuku… Kwaye ujonge iividiyo ezingamanyala kunye nefuck knuckle. ” Emva koko u-Ivy “wanyusa amagxa wajongisa izandla zakhe phezulu ngokungathi uthi, 'Ndifuna iphonografi. Yintoni enkulu le nto? '”

Ingxaki enkulu unyamezelo. Uyabona ukuba unjengomlutha weziyobisi ongenakukwazi ukuphakama kwimifanekiso eyake yajika. Kwaye ingozi kukuba ukunyamezela kuya kuthwala ubudlelwane, njengoko kwenzayo kwizigulane endazibonayo, ezikhokelela kwiingxaki zengxaki kunye neelitsha, ngamanye amaxesha, ezingavumelekanga. Xa oonografi beqhayisa ukuba bayayityhala imvulophu ngokuzisa imixholo emitsha, enzima, abangayithethiyo kukuba kufuneka, kuba abathengi babo bakha ukunyamezelana nomxholo. Amaphepha angasemva amaphephancwadi omngcipheko wamadoda kunye neendawo ze-Intanethi ezi-porn zizaliswe ziintengiso zeViagra-uhlobo lwamayeza-amayeza enzelwe amadoda amadala aneengxaki ze-erectile ezinxulumene nokwaluphala kunye nemithambo yegazi evaliweyo kwilungu lobudoda. Namhlanje, abafana abancinci abatyhutyha iphonografi boyika kakhulu ukungabinamandla, okanye "ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile" njengoko kubizwa njalo. Ixesha elahlekisayo lithetha ukuba la madoda anengxaki kwiipipi zawo, kodwa Ingxaki isentloko zabo, kwiimephu zengqondo zabo zesini. I-penis isebenza kakuhle xa zisebenzisa izithombe zoonografi. Akunakwenzeka ukuba kubakho ubuhlobo phakathi koonotygriso abayidlayo kunye nokungabi namandla. (Amadoda ambalwa, nangona kunjalo, axela iiyure zabo kwiisayithi ze-porn njengexesha elichithwe "ukuphulula amalungu esini ngaphandle kwengqondo.")

Elinye lamakhwenkwe akwindawo kaWolfe lichaza amantombazana aza kulala namakhwenkwe awo njengabantu “abalahla inkunkuma.” Naye uphenjelelwa yimifanekiso engamanyala, kuba "ii-cum dumpsters," njengabafazi abaninzi kwiifilimu ezingamanyala, bahlala bezimisele, befumanekile kwaye ngenxa yoko bethotyiwe.

Ukunyaniseka kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi ayikho isimboli. Hayi zonke izilingo ezibangelwa iziyobisi okanye utywala. Abantu banokuxhatshazwa ngokugqithiseleyo kumdlalo wokugembula, nokuba baqhube. Zonke izilonda zibonisa ukulahleka kolawulo lomsebenzi, zifuna ukunyanzelisa ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi, ukukhulisa ukunyamezela ukuze badinga amanqanaba aphakamileyo aphakamileyo ekuvuseleleni ukwanelisa, kwaye amava okuhoxiswa ukuba abakwazi ukwenza isenzo sokulutha.

Zonke izilwanyana zibandakanya ixesha elide, ngezinye iixesha, impilo yonke, inguqu ye-neuroplastiki kwingqondo. Ngenxa yokulutha, ukumodareyitha akunakwenzeka, kwaye kufuneka bakuphephe into okanye umsebenzi ngokupheleleyo xa befuna ukuphepha ukuziphatha kakubi. I-Alcoholics Anonymous iyanyanzelisa ukuba akukho "bantu babesela ngaphambili" kwaye yenza abantu abangakhange basele amashumi eminyaka bazazise entlanganisweni ngokuthi, "Igama lam ndinguJohn, kwaye ndilikhoboka lotywala." Ngokweplastiki [yengqondo], zihlala zichanekile.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umlutha wesigqirha sisitrato, ngabaphandi kwiiNational Institutes of Health (NIH) eMaryland baqeqesha i-rat ukuze batyelele ibha de kube yinto yokutshulwa kwesilwanyana. Unzima kakhulu isilwanyana sikulungele ukusebenza ukunyusa ibha, ukutsalisa ngakumbi isibisi. I-Cocaine, phantse zonke ezinye iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, kunye nezidakamizwa ezingekho mthethweni ezifana nokusebenza kwenza i-neurotransmitter i-dopamine isebenze ngakumbi kwingqondo. I-Dopamine ibizwa ngokuba ngumshicileli womvuzo, kuba xa sifeze into ethile-siqhume umncintiswano kwaye siphumelele-ingqondo yethu ibangela ukukhululwa kwayo. Nangona siphelelwe amandla, sithobela amandla, ukuzonwabisa, kunye nokuzithemba size siphakamise izandla zethu size siphumelele. Abalahlekileyo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abangenayo i-dopamine enyukayo, ngokukhawuleza baphume ngamandla, bawa phantsi komgca wokugqibela, bazive bexakekile ngabo. Ngokutshitshisa inkqubo yethu ye-dopamine, izinto eziluthayo zisinika injabulo ngaphandle kokuba siyisebenzele.

I-Dopamine, njengoko sibonile emsebenzini kaMerzenick, ikwabandakanyeka kutshintsho lweplastiki. Ukonyuka okufanayo kwedopamine okusonwabisa kuthi kukwahlanganisa nonxibelelwano lwe-neuronal olunoxanduva lokuziphatha okusikhokelele ekufezekiseni injongo yethu. Xa iMerzenick isebenzisa i-electrode ukuvuselela inkqubo yomvuzo wesilwanyana ngelixa idlala isandi, ukukhutshwa kwe-dopamine kukhuthaze utshintsho lweplastiki, kukhulisa ukumelwa kwesandi kwimephu yezilwanyana. Unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo kunye ne-porn kukuba i-dopamine ikwakhutshwa kwimincili yesini, ikonyusa ukuqhuba ngokwesondo kuzo zombini izini, ukuququzelela i-orgasm, kunye nokwenza ukuba amaziko olonwabo engqondo. Ngenxa yoko amandla okulutha koonografi.

U-Eric Nestler, kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas, ubonise indlela izilingo ezibangelwa ngayo utshintsho olusigxina kwiibhokhwe zezilwanyana. Inqanaba elilodwa lamachiza amaninzi anokwenza izilwanyana liya kuvelisa iprotheni, ebizwa ngokuba yi-delta FosB eqokelela kwi-neurons. Ngasinye ixesha isilwanyana sisetyenzisiwe, iFosB enye ye-delta iqokelela kuze kube yilapho iphosa ukutshintsha kofuzo, ichaphazela ukuba yiziphi ijethi ezivuliwe okanye zivaliwe. Ukutshintshana lo tshintsho kubangela utshintsho oluqhubeka ixesha elide emva kokuba isigqirha simisiwe, siholele kumonakalo ongapheliyo kwinkqubo ye-dopamine yengqondo kunye nokunikezela kwesilwanyana ngokugqithiseleyo. Izidakamizwa ezingekho kweziyobisi, ezifana nokusebenza kunye nokutshiza ukusela, zikhokelela ekuhlanganiseni i-deltaFosB kunye neenguqu ezifanayo ngokusisigxina kwinkqubo ye-dopamine. [Phawula: Inqaku elihle kwi-deltaFosB]

Iifoto zoonografi zithembisa ukuzonwabisa okunempilo kunye nokukhululeka kwingcinezelo yesondo, kodwa oko bahlala bekunika umlutha, ukunyamezela, kunye nokunciphisa ekugqibeleni ukuzonwabisa. Ngokudabukisayo, abaguli abangamadoda endandisebenza nabo babedla ngokunqwenela iphonografi kodwa babengayithandi. Umbono oqhelekileyo kukuba umlutha ubuyela umva ngakumbi kulungiso lwakhe kuba uyaluthanda ulonwabo alunikayo kwaye akayithandi intlungu yokurhoxa. Kodwa iziyobisi zisebenzisa iziyobisi xa zikhona hayi nethemba lokuzonwabisa, xa beyazi ukuba banalo i-dose eyaneleyo yokubenza baphakame, kwaye bayakufuna ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukuhoxisa. Ukufuna nokuthanda izinto ezimbini ezihlukeneyo.

Umlutha unomdla ngenxa yokuba ubuchopho bakhe beplastiki buye lwaphuhliswa kwiziyobisi okanye ngamava. Ukwazisa ukukhokelela kukunyusa ukufuna. Kukuqokelelwa kwe-deltaFosB, kubangelwa ukuchazwa kwento okanye umsetyenzwa wokulutha, okhokelela ekuvezweni.

Iifoto ezingcolileyo ziyanelisayo kunokuba ziyanelisekile ngenxa yokuba sinesistim sezinto ezimbini ezizincwisayo kwiibongo zethu, enye enxulumene nokuzonwabisa okuthakazelisayo kunye nomnye onelisayo. Inkqubo enomdla ihambelana nenjabulo "yesondlo" esiyifumana into esiyifunayo, njengesiza okanye isidlo esihle. I-neurochemistry yayo ininzi ihlobene ne-dopamine, kwaye iphakamisa izinga lethu lokuxhatshazwa.

Inkqubo yesibini yolonwabo inxulumene nokuzaneliseka, okanye ukuzonwabisa okugqibeleleyo, ehamba ngokwenene ukuya kwesondo okanye nokuba nesidlo, ukuthoba, ukuvuyisa. I-neurochemistry yayo ixhomekeke ekukhululweni kwe-endorphins, ehambelana ne-opiates kwaye inika uxolo, oluhle.

Imifanekiso engamanyala, ngokunikezela ngesondo elingenasiphelo lezinto zesondo, iyenza isebenze inkqubo yokutya. Ababukeli be-porn bakhulisa iimephu ezintsha kubuchopho babo, ngokusekwe kwiifoto kunye neevidiyo abazibonayo. Kuba yindawo yokusebenzisa-okanye-okanye yokulahleka kwengqondo, xa siphuhlisa indawo yemephu, sinqwenela ukuyigcina isebenza. Njengokuba izihlunu zethu ziphelelwa ngumonde wokuzilolonga ukuba sihleli imini yonke, ngokunjalo nemizwa yethu ilambile ukuba ivuseleleke.

Amadoda kwiikhompyuter zawo ajonge iphonografi ayengenantlonelo njengeempuku ezikhejini ze-NIH, ecinezela ibha ukufumana umpu we-dopamine okanye elilinganayo. Nangona babengayazi, babekhohlisiwe kwiiseshoni zoqeqesho zoononografi ezihlangabezana nazo zonke iimeko ezifunekayo kwiinguqu zeplastiki kwiimephu zengqondo. Ukusukela ukuba ii-neurons ezitshisa umlilo kunye kunye, la madoda afumana isixa esikhulu sokuziqhelanisa nokufaka le mifanekiso kumaziko olonwabo engqondo, kugxilwe kwi-plastiki. Bacinga le mifanekiso xa bekude kwiikhompyuter zabo, okanye ngelixa besabelana ngesondo kunye neentombi zabo, beziqinisa. Ngalo lonke ixesha besiva ukonwaba ngokwesondo kwaye babe ne-orgasm xa bephulula amalungu esini, "i-spritz ye-dopamine," i-neurotransmitter yomvuzo, yadibanisa unxibelelwano olwenziwe kwingqondo ngexesha leseshoni. Umvuzo awuzange uququzelele indlela yokuziphatha kuphela; ayicaphukisanga kwintloni ababeziva bethenga playboy kwivenkile. Nayi indlela yokuziphatha engenaye "isohlwayo," kuphela umvuzo.

Isiqulatho sento abayifumene nandiyitshintsha ngayo njengoko iiWebhsayithi zazisa izihloko kunye nezikripthi eziguqule ubuchopho babo ngaphandle kokwazisa kwabo. Ngenxa yokuba i-plasticity iyancintisana, ingqondo yeempawu zintsholongwane, ezandisayo zanda ngexabiso lezinto ezazibethandle ngaphambili-isizathu, ndiyakholwa, baqala ukufumana abahlobo babo abancinci.

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Kuze kube kwenzeke kwimifanekiso ebethayo, ekucingelwa ukuba yachukunyiswa kumava obuntwana okanye kwimibono malunga nokohlwaywa, imifanekiso ayibonileyo inomdla kuye kodwa ayizange imnyanzele. Abanye abantu ababonisa isondo basithwala. Amava kaTomas ayefana nalawo ezigulana zam; Ngaphandle kokwazi ngokupheleleyo oko bebekukhangela, baskene amakhulu emifanekiso kunye nemiboniso bade bafika emfanekisweni okanye kwisondo elichukumise umxholo othile wangcwatywa owawubonwabisa ngokwenene.

Emva kokuba uTomas athole loo mfanekiso, watshintsha. Loo mfanekiso wecala wayenabo ngqalelo, imeko yenguqu yeplastiki. Ngokungafani nomfazi oyinyaniso, le miifanekiso engamanyala yayisetyenziswa yonke imihla, imihla ngemihla kwikhompyutha.

Ngoku uTomas wayexakeke. Wazama ukuzilawula kodwa wayichitha ubuncinane iiyure ezintlanu ngosuku kwi laptop yakhe. Wayelala ngokufihlakeleyo, elala nje ngeeyure ezintathu nje ebusuku. Intombi yakhe, eyazi ukuba uyadinwa, wayezibuza ukuba ubona umntu. Waba ngumntu obuthongo kangangokuthi impilo yakhe yahlupheka, kwaye wafumana uluhlu lwezonyango ezambeka esibhedlele esiphuthumayo waza wambangela ukuba athabathe. Waqala ukubuza phakathi kwabahlobo bakhe abahlobo waza wafumanisa ukuba abaninzi babo babenobungozi.

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I-Hardcore porn ibhengeza ezinye zeendlela zonxibelelwano zokuqala ezazenziwe ngamaxesha abalulekileyo ophuhliso lwezesondo kwaye zizisa zonke ezi zinto zakuqala, ezilityelweyo okanye ezicinezelweyo kunye ukwenza inethiwekhi entsha, apho zonke izinto zidityaniswe kunye. Iindawo ezingamanyala zivelisa iikhathalogu zeekink eziqhelekileyo kwaye zixubene kwimifanekiso. Ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva i-surfer ifumana indibaniselwano yokubulala ecofa inani lamaqhosha akhe ezesondo ngaxeshanye. Emva koko womeleza inethiwekhi ngokujonga imifanekiso ephindaphinda, ukuphulula amalungu esini, ukukhulula i-dopamine kunye nokomeleza ezi nethiwekhi. Udale uhlobo "lobufanasini," i-libido eyakhiwe ngokutsha eneengcambu ezomeleleyo kutyekelo lokuziphatha ngokwesini. Kuba uhlala ekhulisa ukunyamezelana, ukonwaba kokukhutshwa ngokwesondo kufuneka kongezwe kunye nolonwabo lokukhululwa, kunye nemifanekiso yezesondo kunye nezoyikisayo ziya zixubana- kungoko ukwanda kwemixholo yesadomasochistic kwi-hardcore porn.