Isifundo singavumelekanga i-CPUI-9 njengesixhobo sokuvavanya "ukukhwabanisa okubonakalayo"

ICANDELO 1: Intshayelelo

Isifundo esitsha (Fernandez et al., 2017) kuvavanywe kwaye kwahlalutywa i-CPUI-9, iphepha lemibuzo elalichazwa ngokuba "likhoboka lemifanekiso engamanyala" elenziwa nguJoshua Grubbs, kwaye lafumanisa ukuba alinakuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo or "Ukubona iziyobisi ezingamanyala" (Ngaba i-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory-izikolo ze-9 zibonakalisa ukunyanzeliswa okwenene kwi-Intanethi ye-Iphonyayili? Ukuqwalasela indima yokuzilahla). Kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba i-1/3 yemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 kufuneka ishiywe ukubuyisela iziphumo ezifanelekileyo ezinxulumene "nokungamkeleki kokuziphatha", "inkolo", kunye "neeyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi." Iziphumo ziphakamisa ukungathandabuzeki malunga nezigqibo ezithatyathwe kuso nasiphi na isifundo esisebenzise i-CPUI-9 okanye exhomekeke kwizifundo eziyisebenzisileyo. Uninzi lweenkxalabo zesifundo esitsha kunye nokugxeka kubonisa ezo zichazwe kolu banzi YBOP ihlalutya.

Ngendlela elula ii-CPUI-9 zophando kunye neentloko eziye zafaka zona zinegalelo kulezi ziqinisekiso ezilandelayo:

1. "Inkolelo yokuxhatshazwa koononophala" okanye "ukugqithiswa koonografi" kunokuhlukaniswa "nokugqithiswa koonografi" yi-CPUI-9.
2. "Amanqanaba okwangoku asebenzisa i-porn" le omnye ummeli ovumelekileyo ngokwenene ukuxhatshazwa kocwangco, kungekhona amanqaku kumbuzo wokuhlola umlingo wobugqwetha.
3. Kwezinye izifundo "amanqanaba asemgangathweni asetyenziswe ngoonwabo" akwenzileyo hayi Nxibelelana ngokulandelelana kunye namanqaku e-CPUI-9 ewonke. I-Grubbs iqinisekisa aba bantu ukuba "bakholelwa" ngokungekho mthethweni ukuba banomlutha woononophala.
4. Kwizifundo ze-CPUI-9, "inkolo yonqulo" iyahambelana Total Amanqaku e-CPUI-9. Ngenxa yale Grubbs ibonisa ukuba abaninzi abasebenzisi bezononophelo benkolo kuphela Kholelwa banomlutha, kwaye abanalo ngokwenene umlutha wezobisi.
5. Kwezinye zezi zifundo zombini "inkolo" kunye "nokuziphatha okungamkelekanga" zihambelana Total Amanqaku e-CPUI-9. Ngenxa yale Grubbs kunye namaqela akhe athetha ukuba abasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo banamahloni-bangela "inkolelo yokukhwabanisa imifanekiso engamanyala," kungekhona ukunyaniseka koonografi.

Amanqaku asekelwe kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo ze-CPUI-9 zifakela ezi ziphumo zilandelayo:

• Ukukholelwa ekugqithisweni koononopopayi kuyimvelaphi yeengxaki zakho, kungekhona ukusetyenziswa koonwabo.
• Abasebenzisi bezononophelo bezenkolo abanalo umlutha woononophala (nangona bafumana amanqaku aphezulu kwi-CPUI-9) - bafumana nje ihlazo kunye netyala malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo koonwabo.

Kule 2016 Psychology Namhlanje inqaku, UJoshua Grubbs uthetha iimbono zakhe, esithi ukuba umlingo wobulili beyona nto ihlazo lonto:

Ukubizwa ngokuba "likhoboka lamanyala" liqabane, okanye nokuba nguwe ngokwakho, akunanto yakwenza nenani le-porn umntu ayijongayo, utshilo uJoshua Grubbs, unjingalwazi oncedisayo kwizifundo zengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseBuyling Green. Endaweni yoko, inento yonke enokuyenza ngenkolo kunye nokuziphatha ngendlela yokuziphatha ngokwesini. Ngamafutshane, uthi, "Kukukhuthaza iintloni."

Ngokuchasene nesitatimende esingentla sikaGrubbs, izifundo zakhe zafumanisa ukuba "ubungakanani be-porn umntu ayibonayo" ngu kakhulu kakhulu ezinxulumene nokuxhatshazwa koonwabo (amanqaku kwi-CPUI-9).

Grubbs iyaqhubeka:

… .IiGrubbs ziyibiza ngokuba "kukujonga iphonografi." "Isebenza ngokwahluke kakhulu kwezinye iziyobisi."

As Fernandez et al., I-2017 ityhila, i-CPUI-9, eneneni, yehlulekile ukuvavanya "ukubonwa njengekhoboka leziyobisi ezingamanyala." Kwaye ngokwenene umlutha wezobisi imisebenzi enjengezinye izilingo.

Okukwintsusa: Iziphumo Fernandez et al., Indawo ye2017 zonke iziqinisekiso ezisekelwe kwiziphumo ze-CPUI-9, kunye nazo zonke izihloko ezivela kuyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo.

Iingxaki "zemibuzo engamanyala e-pornography" (CPUI-9)

Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwesifundo esitsha kufuneka kuqala sihlolisise i-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory (CPUI-9). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela:

• I-CPUI-9 yahlulwe yangamacandelo ama-3 anemibuzo emi-3 inye (thatha inqaku elikhethekileyo lemibuzo "yoKhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo").
• Umbuzo ngamnye ukora kusetyenziswa isikali se-Likert esi-1 ukuya kwele-7, nge-1 “hayi akunjalo, "Kunye ne7"Kakhulu. "
• Nanini na xa iGrubbs isebenzisa ibinzana elithi "umlutha obonakalayo" akathethi nto ngaphandle kwe amanqaku apheleleyo kuvavanyo lwakhe lwe-CPUI-9, ukanti uvavanyo alunako ukwahlula phakathi "kokubona" ​​iziyobisi kweziyobisi.

Icandelo lokuXhotyiswa koBunyanzeliso

1. Ndiyakholwa ukuba ndiyilwaphulo loonografi.
2. Ndiziva ndikwazi ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwimizila engamanyala e-intanethi.
3. Nangona ndifuni ukujonga iifrafikhi kwi-intanethi, ndivakalelwa kuyo

Icandelo lokuPhumelela kweSigaba

4. Ngamanye amaxesha, ndizama ukulungiselela ishedyuli yam ukuze ndibe yedwa ukuze ndibukele iiporografi.
5. Ndenqabile ukuphuma kunye nabahlobo okanye ukuya kwimisebenzi ethile yentlalo ukuze ndibe nethuba lokujonga imifanekiso engamanyala.
6. Ndiyekile izinto ezibalulekileyo ekujongeni imifanekiso engamanyala.

Uxinzelelo lwengqondo

7. I neentloni emva kokubukela iphonografi kwi-intanethi.
8. I uzive ecindezelekile emva kokubukela iphonografi kwi-intanethi.
9. I yiva ugula emva kokubukela iphonografi kwi-intanethi.

Ukuphonononga i-CPUI-9 ibonisa iinyaniso ezintathu ezikhanyayo eziboniswe ngabalobi Fernandez et al., 2017 (kunye YBOP ihlalutya):

• I-CPUI-9 ayinako ukwahlula phakathi kweziyobisi ezingamanyala kunye nokukholelwa nje kwikhobisi yamanyala ("umlutha obonakalayo").
• Amacandelo amabini okuqala (imibuzo 1-6) ihlola iimpawu neempawu ze ngokwenene Iziyobisi ezingamanyala (hayi "ukubonwa njengephonografi").
• Imibuzo "yoxinzelelo lwasemphefumlweni" (7-9) ivavanya amanqanaba entloni kunye netyala, kwaye akafumaneki kolunye uhlobo lovavanyo lokulutha (okt, ayingobabo).

Siza kuqala sinike isishwankathelo esifutshane Fernandez et al., I-2017 ilandelwe ngamacatshulwa kwiziphumo zayo kunye namazwana ethu.

ICandelo 2: Fernandez et al., 2017-Uyilo kunye nokuFumana

Inkcazo emfutshane Fernandez et al., 2017:

Oku kwakuhlolisiso oluyingqayizivele kuba lucele ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bayeke kwi-intanethi kwiintsuku ze-14. (IIzifundo ezimbalwa kuphela baye babuza abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bayeke kwi-pornography, enye yezona ndlela ezingabonakaliyo ukubonisa iimiphumo zalo.) Ababambi-nxaxheba bathathe i-CPUI-9 ngaphambi nangemva kwemizamo yabo yokuzilahla kwe-14. (Qaphela: Abazange bayeke ukuhlambalaza okanye ukulala ngesondo, kuphela koononophala.) Injongo ephambili yabaphandi yayikukuthelekisa 'ngaphambili' nasemva 'kwamanqaku 3 ye-CPUI-9 kule ilandelayo 3:

1) Ukunyanzeliswa okwenene. Inyaniso yokuba abathathi-nxaxheba bezama ukuyeka ukucoceka kwezilwanyana bavumela abaphandi ukuba balinganise ngokwenene ukunyanzeliswa (ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni ubulili). Abaphandi basebenzisa umgaqo "zahluleka ukuzithiba ukuzilahla"Ukulinganisa ngokwenene nyanzelwa. Olu luhlolo lokuqala ukuthelekisa ngokwenene Ukunyanzeliswa kwizikolo zamanqaku kwiphepha lemibuzo le-porn (i-CPUI-9).

2) Ukuphindaphinda kwe-intanethi ukusetyenziswa. Izihloko 'zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-intanethi ngaphambi kwesifundo.

3) Imibuzo engaphendulanga. Ukongeza kokuthatha i-CPUI-9, UFernandez Izifundo zathatha i-questional Moral Disapproval questionnaire, ngoko abaphandi banokubambisana neziphumo zayo kunye ne-CPUI-9 imibuzo. Ukungafuni ukuziphatha kakubi kweefografi kwalinganiswa ngezinto ezine ezilinganiselwe kwisikali se-7-Likert ukusuka kwi-1 (hayi akunjalo) kwi7 (Kakhulu):

• "Ukujonga iifoto zoononophelo kwi-intanethi iyingxaki yam isazela,"
• "Ukujonga imifanekiso engamanyala iphulaphula iinkolelo zam zonqulo,"
• "Ndiyakholwa ukuba ukubukela iphonografi kuyingozi," kwaye
• "Ndiyakholwa ukuba ukubukela iphonografi kuyisono."

Qaphela ukuba imibuzo emi-3 kwengu-4 “engavisisaniyo nokuziphatha” ibandakanya inkolo.

Makhe sihlolisise oko Fernandez et al., I-2017 ibike kwaye yintoni eyayithethayo malunga ne-CPUI-9 kunye nezigqibo ezibekwe kwizifundo ezisebenzisa i-CPUI-9.

Kwenzekani Fernandez et al., Ingxelo ye2017?

Iziphumo #1: Ixesha eliphakamileyo lokusetyenziswa koononophelo lwalunxulumene ne: 1) Inani elipheleleyo leenombolo ze-CPUI-9, i-2) "Imibuzo yokuQiniseka" kunye ne-3) ngokwenene ukunyanzeliswa (ukungaphumeleli ukuzama ukuziyeka ukuzithiba X). Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwakunjalo a nga faniyo ukufumana amanqaku kwi "Imvakalelo yoxinzelelo" imibuzo 7-9 (evavanya ityala kunye nehlazo).

translation: Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulinganisa njani, ngokwenene Umlutha wezobisi uhambelana kakhulu namanqanaba aphezulu okusetyenziswa koononophelo. Nangona kunjalo, ityala kunye neentloni imibuzo i-7-9 ayifanelanga ukuba yinxalenye yovavanyo lweziyobisi (okanye nokuba "kubonwe ukuba likhoboka lamanyala") kuba azidibani nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn. Imibuzo emi-3 "yoKhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo" ayiyiyo eyakhe. Ngapha koko, bafaka iziphumo ze-CPUI-9.

Thatha i-1: Izifundo zeGrubbs (okanye nasiphi na isifundo esisebenzisa i-CPUI-9) khange sivavanye "ukubonwa njengesiyobisi esingamanyala" okanye "ukukholelwa ekubeni likhoboka lamanyala" okanye "ukuzibiza ngokuba likhoboka." Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba "bebona ulwaphulo"Ayibonakali nto ngaphezu kwamanqaku amaninzi kwi-CPUI-9. Umxholo ophezulu "Ukukholelwa ukuba unesiyobisi esingamanyala ngunobangela weNgxaki yakho ye-Porn, uPhononongo ufumana" Kufuneka ukuba ngoku kuguqulelwa kwakhona "Ukuba neziyobisi ezingamanyala ngunobangela weNgxaki yakho yeTyala, uPhononongo ufumanisa." Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho ndlela yenzululwazi yovavanyo lokuvavanywa komlutha, kwaye i-CPUI-9 ayizange iqinisekiswe.

Thatha i-2: Ityala kunye neentloni imibuzo i-7-9 ayinandawo kwi-questionnaire yeziyobisi ezingamanyala ngenxa yokuba beka amanqaku e-CPUI-9 ewonke ephantsi kubasebenzisi abangabonqulo benonqulo, ngeli xesha pha kamisa amanqaku abasebenzisi bolonwabo bezonqulo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ongakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo kunye nomKristu ozinikeleyo unamanqaku afanayo kwimibuzo ye-CPUI-9 1-6, phantse iqinisekile ukuba umKristu uya kuphelela kumanqaku aphezulu e-CPUI-9, emva kokuba imibuzo 7-9 yongezwa-nokuba ungakanani na yeziyobisi nakwisiphi na isifundo.

Yise kude 3: Ukuyeka ityala kunye nemibuzo ehlazileyo i-7-9 iziphumo "kwiiyure zokusetyenziswa koononophelo" (kungekhona inkolo) ibe yinto enamandla kakhulu yokuxhatshazwa koonwabo. Ukuthetha ngenye indlela, "Imibuzo Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" imibuzo ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo ngokuthi "inkolo" kodwa kungekhona "iiyure zokusebenzisa iidemon." Ngokuchasene namacatshwa alahlekayo, Ucwaningo lwe-CPUI-9 olufunyenweyo ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu eentlobo zezilwanyana asebenzisana kunye nento ebizwa ngokuthi "umlutha woonografi."

Iziphumo #2: Ayiphumelelanga iinzame zokuziyeka ezinxulumene ne-1) Amanqaku e-CPUI-9 ewonke, kunye ne-2) imibuzo "yokuqonda ukunyanzelwa" imibuzo- kodwa hayi ngemibuzo ethi "Ukubandezeleka ngokweemvakalelo" 7-9.

translation: Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa okuhambelana ne-CPUI-9 ngokwenene Imibuzo yobukhoboka i-1-6, kodwa hayi ngecala lokuzibekekisa kunye neentloni 7-9.

Yise kude: Kwakhona, ii-CPUI-9 imibuzo 1-6 ivavanya ngokwenene Umlutha wobugqwetha, ngelixa ityala kunye neentloni imibuzo 7-9 ayifuni. Ukubandakanywa kwemibuzo "yoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo" kukhokelela kude ezantsi Iikhowudi ze-CPUI-9 zezilonda zoononophala kwaye zide eliphezulu Iikhowudi ze-CPUI-9 zabantu abathile zonqulo, okanye malunga nabani na abanokukhetha ukusebenzisa i-porn.

Iziphumo #3: "Ukuziphatha kakubi" ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwakunxulumene kakhulu ne-1) Amanqaku onke e-CPUI-9, kunye ne-2) imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo". Nangona kunjalo, "ukungavumi kokuziphatha" bekuhambelana kuphela ne-CPUI-9 amanqaku "abonwa enyanzelekile" amanqaku. Ngamanye amazwi, Izifundo ezinomdla kakhulu azizange zibeke amanqaku aphezulu kwiinkonzo zonqulo.

Ukuguqulelwa: "Ukungavumi ukuziphatha "koononophala kuhambelana kakhulu ne-CPUI-9 ityala kunye neentloni imibuzo 7-9. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, imibuzo ye-7-9 yile kuphela Isizathu "sokungafuneki kokuziphatha" sinxulumene ne-CPUI-9 iyonke ("kubonwa ukuba likhoboka lesondo"). Ukubandakanywa kwemibuzo "yoKhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo" yeyona nto ibangela ibango elilahlekisayo lokuba "ukukholelwa kumakhoboka ezesondo" kuqhutywa kukungavisisani nokuziphatha.

Thatha i-1: Ukuyeka imibuzo yecala kunye neentloni (7-9) kubangela "ukungavunyelwa ngokuziphatha" kungenanto enokuyenza kunye nokuxhatshazwa koonwabo. Imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo" imibuzo ehlola isohlwayo kunye nehlazo kubangele nawuphi na umntu onokukhetha ukungasebenzisi i-pornography (ingakumbi abantu bezenkolo) ukuba abe neenqaku eliphezulu ze-CPUI-9.

Thatha i-2: Ukubandakanywa kwetyala kunye neentloni imibuzo 7-9 ikhokelela kulungelelwaniso olomeleleyo phakathi kokuziphatha "ukungamkeleki kokuziphatha" kunye ne-CPUI-9 iyonke (umlutha obonakalayo). Inyaniso yokuba abantu bezenkolo bafumana amanqaku aphezulu kuwo omabini "ukungamkeleki kokuziphatha" kunye "noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo" imibuzo ikhokelele kumabango angaxhaswanga abantu benkolo Kusenokwenzeka ukuba "bazibone" bengamakhoboka oononophala (khumbula "umlutha obonakalayo" umfutshane "Inani elipheleleyo lePCUI-9"). Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyonyani, kuba amanqaku "ongezelelweyo" abantu benkolo abafumana kwimibuzo 7-9 ayilinganisi umlutha, okanye "ukuqonda" kweziyobisi. Abalinganisi nto ngaphandle koxinzelelo lweemvakalelo ngenxa yexabiso eliphikisanayo.

Thatha i-3: Abantu benkolo bafumana inqaku eliphezulu kwimibuzo “engamkelekanga ekuziphatheni” kunye nakwimibuzo “yoKhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo”. Ucwaningo lwe-CPUI-9 luye lwamkela ulungelelaniso phakathi "kokunyaniseka kokuziphatha" kunye ne-3 "Imiqobo Yokukhathazeka Kwimizwelo" ukudala iimbali zabantu abathile benkolo kuphela Kholelwa banomlutha wezobisi. Nangona kunjalo, le mibuzo ayivavanyi nokuba likhoboka le-porn okanye "inkolelo" okanye "ukuqonda" kweziyobisi, ke azikho ndawo kwesi sixhobo.

Isishwankathelo, izigqibo kunye namabango azaliswe yi-CPUI-9 ayifanelekanga. UYoshuwa Grubbs wadala i-questionnaire engakwaziyo, kwaye akuzange kuqinisekiswe, ukukhetha "ukuqonda" ukusuka kumlutha wangempela: i-CPUI-9. nge ukulungiswa kwezenzululwazi zero he zibhalwa kwakhona I-CPUI-9 njengolu hlobo lwemibuzo yoluhlu lwezonyango.

Ngenxa yokuba i-CPUI-9 ifake i-3 imibuzo engaphandle ehlola isohlwayo kunye nehlazo, Abasebenzisi bezononophelo zonqulo ze-CPUI amanqaku athambekele phezulu. Ubuninzi bamaziko aphezulu e-CPUI-9 abasebenzisi bezonqulo bezonqulo babesondliwa kumajelo ashicilelo njengokuba "Abantu benkolo bakholelwa ngokukhohlisa ukuba banomlutha woononophala. "Oku kwalandelwa zifundo ezininzi ukudibanisa ukuziphatha okubi kunye neenombolo ze-CPUI-9. Ekubeni abantu benkolo njengamaqela amanqaku aphakamileyo ekukhutshweni kokuziphatha, kwaye (ngoko) i-CPUI-9 iyonke, kwabizwa (ngaphandle kwenkxaso yangempela) ukuba ukunyaniseka kwezenzo zokunqula unqulo oyinyaniso imbangela yokuxhatshazwa koonografi. Oku kunqabileyo, kwaye kungabonakali njengento yesayensi.

Ngoku siza kubonisa iingcaphuno Fernandez et al., 2017 ehamba kunye namazwana kunye nokucacisa imifanekiso.

ICandelo 3: Amagqabantshintshi e Fernandez et al., 2017 (kunye namazwana)

Icandelo leengxoxo Fernandez et al., I-2017 iqulethe iziphumo ezintathu eziphambili, iziphumo ezintathu zokufunda, kunye neempembelelo ezimbini zeclini. Ba landela.

Ukufumana okuphambili kokuqala: I-CPUI-9 imibuzo "yokuqonda ukunyanzeliswa" kuvavanya imibuzo ngokwenene Ukunyanzelwa hayi "inkolelo" kumakhoboka eziyobisi

Fernandez et al., 2017 baxoxe ngendlela ngokwenene Amanqaku okunyanzelwa ahambelana namanqaku kwimibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "yokuqonda okunyanzelekileyo", kodwa hayi imibuzo "yeengxaki zengqondo."

Sithole inkxaso yesikhokelo sethu sesibini, ukuzama ukuyeka ukuzilahla kuya kusebenza kunye nomzamo wokuziyeka ukuxela amanqaku aphezulu e-CPUI-9, ukulawula ukunyaniseka kokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, olu lwalamano lwalukhawulelwe kumanqaku okuQinisekisa okuCetywayo, kwaye awanalo amanqaku okuPhathwa koMoya kunye ne-CPUI-9 izikolo ezipheleleyo. Ngokukodwa, xa iinzame zokuziyeka ukuzilahla zizama ukuzama ukuzikhusela, ukukhawuleza ukuzama ukuzikhusela, iziphumo eziphezulu kwi-Compulsivity Accusion subscale ziqikelelwe. Oku kufunyaniswayo kuyahambelana nesiphakamiso sethu sokuba akusikho nje ukuphindaphindiweyo kokusetyenziswa koonografi okusetyenziswayo okufaka isandla kwimibono yokunyanzeliswa, kodwa oku kuya kuxhomekeke ekutshintshaneni okubalulekileyo, ukuziyeka. Ngaphambili, uphando luye wabonisa ukuba ubukhulu beentlophu zoonografi basebenzisa ii-akhawunti malunga nohlobo oluthile kwi-CPUI-9 (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Grubbs et al., 2015c), kodwa ukuphindaphindiweyo koononografi kusetyenziswa yedwa ayaneleyo ukuphazamisa ubukho bunyanzeliso (Kor et al., 2014). Uphononongo lwangoku lubonisa ukuba abanye abantu banokujonga i-IP ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba bangenzi umgudu omkhulu wokushiya i-IP. Ngaloo ndlela, babengazange bazive ukuba ukusebenzisa kwabo kwakunyanzelekile nangayiphi na indlela, kuba bekungekho njongo yokuyeka. Ngako oko, isingeniso samanje sokwenza umgudu wokuzibamba njengento entsha ishicilelo esibalulekileyo. Njengoko kuqikelelwe, xa abantu bezama ukukhusela iingubo ezingamanyala (oko kukuthi, ukuzama ukuzikhusela okukhulu) kodwa banamava amaninzi (oko kukuthi, aphezulu ahluleka ukuzithiba), oku kuhambelaniswe amanqaku amaninzi kwi-Compulsivity Accessment subscale.

ISISHWANKATHELO: Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-porn kwakuhambelana kakhulu ne-CPUI-9 imibuzo "yokuqonda ukunyanzelwa" kunye ngokwenene ukunyanzeliswa ("ukuhluleka ukuyeka ukuzilahla").

Okwesibini, abasebenzisi be-porn abazame nzima ukuyeka, kodwa behluleka kaninzi, banamanqaku aphezulu kwi-CPUI-9 imibuzo "yokuqonda okunyanzelekileyo". Ukubeka ngokulula, imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 yokuvavanya 1-3 ngokwenene ukunyanzelwa (iminqweno kunye nokungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa) kunokuba "ukholelwe ukuba likhoboka." Oko kuthetha ukuba abanikeli nkxaso kwingcinga yokuba "babonwa njengekhoboka."

Okwesithathu, imibuzo "yoKhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo" (ukuvavanya ityala kunye nehlazo) ayibalulekanga ekuvavanyeni eyona nto iphambili kwi-porn, kwaye isebenza kuphela ukukora amanqaku apheleleyo e-CPUI-9 aphezulu kunqulo nakwabo bangavumiyo ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn.

Masenze izibalo ezibonakalayo. Nazi ezinye izicwangciso zokuqonda amanani kula macwecwe alandelayo kunye nemifanekiso: I-Zero ithetha ukuba akukho ukulungiswa phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini; I-1.00 ithetha ukulungelelaniswa okupheleleyo phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini. Inkulu kakhulu inani elomeleleyo ukulungelelanisa phakathi kweenguqu ze-2. Ukuba inani linalo nciphisa uphawu, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho unxibelelwano olubi phakathi kwezinto ezimbini. (Umzekelo, kukho unxibelelwano olubi phakathi kokuzilolonga kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Ke, kulwimi oluqhelekileyo, umthambo kunciphisa amathuba okufumana isifo senhliziyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhuluphala kunalo unxulumano oluhle ngesifo senhliziyo.)

Siqala ngetafile yeembambano ukusuka Fernandez et al., 2017. Inombolo 1 "kukuhamba rhoqo kwe-intanethi". Ukuxhaphaka kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kwaba a nga faniyo Imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Kwengqondo" (0.05) kunye kakubi inxulunyaniswa "nokungamkelwa kokuziphatha" (-0.14).

Iziphumo ngaphandle kwemibuzo ye-3 "yoxinzelelo lwasemphefumlweni" yokuguqula iziphumo: "Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn" yeyona nto iphambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuba likhoboka lamanyala- ayikho inkolo! Njengoko Fernandez et al. Ucacisile, ulungelelwaniso olungentla luyafana kuzo zonke izifundo ze-CPUI-9 eziqhutywa ngamaqela kaGrubbs.

Isiseko esisisiseko sezifundo "zokubona iziyobisi ezingamanyala" zihlala phezu kwazo ukungqiniswanga okungekho Amanqaku e-CPUI-9 ewonke kufuneka ahambelane ngokugqibeleleyo kunye "neeyure zangoku zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn". Abaphandi bacinga ukuba - ukuba amanqaku e-CPUI-9 omntu aphezulu kakhulu, kodwa "iiyure zabo zokusebenzisa iphonografi" ziphezulu ngokuphakathi - umntu oxokayo "ukholelwa" banomlutha we-porn. Umzobo obonakalisiweyo weli bango:

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko Fernandez et al. nezinye izifundo ezininzi bonisa, inqanaba langoku lokusetyenziswa kweetyala le-porn umlinganiselo wokuthembeka. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, imibuzo ye-3 "ye-Emotional Depress" yenza buthathaka kunxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa rhoqo kunye nenqaku elipheleleyo le-CPUI-9.

Eyona nto: Akukho nto enjengokuthi "ukunyanzeliswa okubonakalayo" okanye "ukuqonda umlutha wezobisi." Ukuba umsebenzisi wamanyala amanqaku aphezulu kuvavanyo lweziyobisi, oko kuthetha ukuba uhlangabezana neempawu kunye neempawu zokulutha. Ukongeza, ngokwesayensi ayisiyongqondo yokucinga ukuba amanqanaba akhoyo okusebenzisa iphonografi anokusetyenziswa njengommeli ngokwenene ukuxhatshazwa kocwangco (uphando oluninzi luphelile).

Ukufumana okubalulekileyo: Ukufuna umgudu omkhulu wokungahambelani ne-CPUI-9 imibuzo "yokuQiniseka okuQinisekisiweyo"

Fernandez et al., 2017 zibonisa ukuba kufuna umgudu omkhulu wokungahambelani ngokuhambelana ne-CPUI-9 imibuzo "yokuqonda ukunyanzeliswa" kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-porn, kodwa hayi ngemibuzo "yoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo":

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba Umgudu wokuzibamba njengomntu oziqhelanisayo wabuye wabonisa ubuhlobo obunokubaluleka obuphambili bokubambisana nokuQinisekisa okuCetywayo (kodwa kungekhona ukuxhatshazwa kwemizwelo kunye ne-CPUI-9 epheleleyo), ukulawula ukuzama ukuyeka ukuziyeka nokuziphatha kakubi, nangona olu lwalamano aluzange luxhomekeke kwi-priori. Siye saxela kwangoku kwisifundo samanje ukuba kuphela abantu abathile abaye bafumana ukuphumelela ukuzinyameka ukuzama ukuzenza ukunyanzelisa ukuziphatha kwabo, okukhokelela kwimibono yokunyanzeliswa. Nangona kunjalo, Sifumene ukuba umgudu omkhulu wokuzilahla uqikelele amanqaku aphezulu kwi-Compulsivity eqikelelweyo, kwaye ukuba olu lwalamano lubonakala luzimeleyo ngokuzama ukuziyeka. Oku kufunyanwa unentsingiselo ebalulekileyo yokuba ukuzama ukuyeka ukugqithisileyo kwimizimbeni engamanyala kunye nayo kuhambelana nemibono yokunyanzeliswa kwabanye abantu.

ISISHWANKATHELO: Ngokufana nokufunyanwa kokuqala, amanqaku aphezulu kwi-CPUI-9 imibuzo "yokuqonda ukunyanzeliswa" imibuzo ehambelana kakhulu neempawu ngokwenene ukunyanzeliswa (kufuna amanqanaba aphezulu emizamo yokuziyeka kwi-porn). Ukubeka ngokulula, imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "yokuqonda okunyanzelekileyo" iyavavanya ngokwenene ukunyanzelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukufuna umgudu omkhulu wokuziyeka kwi-pornography kwakungekho nto enokuyenza ngayo necala, ihlazo okanye ukuzisola (imibuzo "Yokukhathazeka Ngokomzwelo"). Ukuziva unetyala kunye neentloni malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn akunanto yakwenza kangako ngokwenene likhoboka leziyobisi, myeke "inkolelo" kwi-porn.

Eyona nto: Akukho nto enjengokuthi "ukunyanzeliswa okubonakalayo" okanye "ukuqonda umlutha wezobisi." Imibuzo "yoxinzelelo lwasemphefumlweni" ayinandawo kwi-CPUI-9, ngaphandle kokufumana amanqaku aphezulu kubasebenzisi be-porn zonqulo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezingasekelwanga kunye nezihloko.

Uthotho oluphambili lwesithathu: Ukungavunyelwa kokuziphatha kwakuhambelana nemibuzo "yoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo", kodwa hayi ngokwenene ukunyanzelisa okanye i-CPUI-9 imibuzo yokulutha (1-6)

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba "ukungavisisani nokuziphatha gwenxa kwephonografi" sisimbuku semibuzo ye-4 engeyiyo-CPUI-9, ngelixa i-3 CPUI-9 imibuzo "yoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo" ivavanya ityala kunye neentloni. Fernandez et al., 2017 (kunye nezinye izifundo ze-CPUI-9) ifumanise ukuba "ukungavisisani nokuziphatha gwenxa kwephonografi" akunanto yakwenza kangako ngokwenene umlutha wezobisi. Inkcazo:

Sifumene ukuba xa i-CPUI-9 ithathwa njengento yonke, ukunyaniseka kokuziphatha kwakukuphela kokwakheka okuphawulekayo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuphukile, ukungafuni ukuziphatha okuchazwe kuthiwa yindawo ekhethekileyo ye-CPUI-9, i-Distressed Distress subscale (umzekelo, "Ndiyintloni emva kokubukela i-intanethi ye-intanethi") kwaye ayizange ibe nempembelelo kwiCity Compulsivity Accountment. Oku kuhambelana nophando oludlulileyo olubonisa ukunyaniseka kokuziphatha koonografi ukuxhamla kuphela kwi-Distress Distcale kwaye ayikho ukunyanzeliswa okuPhezulu okanye ukuPhumela kweMigudu yokuSebenza (Wilt et al., 2016). le ikwazisa inkxaso kwi-akhawunti kunye nabalingane ukuba bafumene i-akhawunti ye-CPUI-9 yinto ekhethekileyo ye-CPUI-XNUMX.. Ngaloo ndlela, nangona uxinzelelo lweMvakalelo kunye nokuQinisekiswa kokuQinisekisa okuQhathaniswayo kuhlobene, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba kufuneka baphathwe ngokwahlukileyo njengoko kubonakala ngathi zenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zengqondo.

ISISHWANKATHELO: Ukungamkelwa kokuziphatha kwakudibene kakhulu nemibuzo ye-3 "yoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo", kodwa inxulumene nje kancinci nemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 "yokuqonda okunyanzelekileyo". Oku kuthetha ukuba "ukungamkelwa kokuziphatha" akunxulumene nokunxila, kodwa kuphela kukuziva unetyala kunye nehlazo. Apha ngezantsi kunxibelelana kuphononongo olukhankanyiweyo kwisicatshulwa (Wile et al., 2016). Ukulungelelaniswa phakathi "kokungamkelwa kokuziphatha" kunye namacandelo amathathu e-CPUI-9 agqityiweyo:

Njengakwezinye izifundo ze-CPUI-9, ukukholelwa ukuba iphonografi ayilunganga ngokokuziphatha okanye isono sinxulunyaniswa kakhulu necandelo le-CPUI-9 "leemvakalelo zoxinzelelo" (# 4). Nangona kunjalo kuncinci kakhulu (okanye ukungalunganga) unxibelelwano phakathi "kokungamkelwa kokuziphatha" kunye nemibuzo esemthethweni ye-CPUI-9 yemibuzo ngeziyobisi ("Imizamo yokufikelela", "Ukunyanzelwa okubonakalayo"). Fernandez et al. Ithi ihlazo kunye netyala (imibuzo ye-7-9) kufuneka ihlolwe ngokwahlukileyo kwinyani ye-porn (imibuzo ye-1-6). Abavavanyi umlutha okanye "babonwa" ukuba likhoboka.

Okukwintsusa: Imibuzo "yoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo" ayinandawo kwi-CPUI-9, ngaphandle kwamanqaku e-skew aphezulu kubasebenzisi be-porn zonqulo. Abaphandi baye baxhaphaza ulungelelwaniso lwendalo phakathi "kokungavisisani nokuziphatha gwenxa kwe-porn" kunye nemibuzo "yoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo" ukubanga ukuba inkcaso yokuziphatha ibangela "inkolelo yobukhoboka be-porn" (amanqaku e-CPUI-9 onke). Kuba abantu bezenkolo bafumana inqaku "lokungafunwa kokuziphatha" kunye "noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo," abaphandi baphosile inkolo ibangela ukutshaya i-porn, kodwa iziphumo zokufunda zibonisa ubungqina obuncinane bokuthi oku kunjalo.

Impembelelo yeengxelo #1: "Uqondwe" likhoboka lamanyala yintsomi. Ukuziphatha kakubi ukungavumi akukho nxaxheba kwi-pornography.

Fernandez et al., 2017 ifumanise ukuba uvavanyo lwe-CPUI-9 "lubonwa ngokunyanzelwa" kwemibuzo ngokwenene ukunyanzeliswa, kwaye ukunyaniseka kokuziphatha akukho nxaxheba kwixilongwane loonobumba.

Iziphumo zethu zinezinto ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, ukufundiswa kwangoku kubonisa ukuba ubudlelwane obungachangekanga phakathi kobugqirha obubonakalayo kwi-IP, njengoko kulinganiswa yi-CPUI-9, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwangempela. Kwi sampuli, safumanisa ukuba imbono yokunyanzeliswa yayibonakalisa ngokwenene. IKubonakala ukuba umzekelo wokunyanzela (ukuhluleka ukuzithiba ukuzithiba) ukuzithiba, nokuzama ukuziyeka, ukuqikelela amanqaku kwi-CPUI-9 Ukunyanzeliswa kokunyanzelisa. Sifumene ukuba olu lwalamano lubanjwe nangemva kokubamba ukungafuni ukuziphatha. Ngaloo ndlela, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba umntu uyazikhusela ngokuziphatha okubi, imilinganiselo yeCandelo lokuQinisekisa ukuChengeza ingabonakalisa ukunyanzelisa, okanye ukufumana ubunzima bokushiya kwi-IP. Siphakamisa ukuba ngelixa ukunyanzelisa okwenene akufanelanga ukuxhatshazwa ngokwenene, ukunyanzeliswa yiyona nto iphambili yomlutha kunye nobukho bayo kumsebenzisi we-IP kunokubonisa ukuba ngumlutha we-IP. Ngoko ke, iziphumo zophando ezikhoyo ziphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuba uphando malunga ne-CPUI-9 ukuya kumhla lungabalwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ngaphandle kokubona umlutha.

ISISHWANKATHELO: Nini Fernandez et al. ithi "imibono yokunyanzeliswa" kuthetha ukuba i-CPUI-9 imibuzo "yokuQiniseka okuQinisekisiweyo". Amanqaku ku "Ukunyanzelwa okubonakalayo" kuhambelana ngokwenene ukunyanzeliswa (ukungaphumeleli ukuzama ukuzilahla ukuzithiba). Cwangcisa nje, imibuzo ye-CPUI-9 1-3 ukuvavanya ngokwenene ukunyanzelwa (iminqweno kunye nokungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa) kunokuba "ukholelwe kumakhoboka eziyobisi." Ababhali baveza ukungathandabuzeki malunga nokusebenzisa ibinzana elithi "umlutha obonakalayo" ngokungafaniyo namanqaku ovavanyo e-CPUI-9. Okokugqibela, ukuvavanya ukungavunywa kokuziphatha akusixeleli kwanto malunga neziyobisi ezingamanyala.

Emva koko sisebenzisa idatha evela kwelinye iphepha le-CPUI-9 elibhalwe nguGrubbs ("Ukugqithisa njengoMlutha: Ukukholelwa kobuNkokeli kunye nokuNqabileyo koMgaqo njengamaqhinga okuLungisa ukuTyekiswa koTyhila"), Njengoko isihloko sayo esivusa inkanuko sibonisa ukuba inkolelo yokuziphatha esekwe kunqulo ibangela ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi.

Qaphela ukuba imibuzo "yoKhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo" ivelisa unxibelelwano olomeleleyo phakathi "kokungamkeleki kokuziphatha" kunye nenqaku elipheleleyo le-CPUI-9. Qaphela: "Imizamo yokuFikelela" imibuzo ye-4-6 yokuvavanya isimilo sokuziphatha (ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi), kodwa ubukhulu becala ayinanto yakwenza nokungamkelwa kokuziphatha kunye nenkolo.

Okukwintsusa: Akukho nto ithi "ubonwa njengekhoboka le-porn." Ukuba umsebenzisi wamanyala amanqaku aphezulu kuvavanyo olusebenzayo lweziyobisi, oko kuthetha ukuba uhlangabezana neempawu kunye neempawu ngokwenene likhoboka. Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba ulikhoboka, ulikhoboka. Indlela umntu aziva ngayo ngokuziphatha malunga nephonografi ayinanto yakwenza nokuba likhoboka lamanyala. Ukuchaneka, ukuhambisa amabinzana anje ngo "kubonwa ukuba likhoboka lamanyala" okanye "ukukholelwa ekukhobiseni iphonografi" kufuneka kutshintshwe ngokuchanekileyo "likhoboka lamanyala."

Impembelelo yeengxelo #2Imibuzo ye-3 "Yexinzelelo Yengqondo" iqulethe inani le-CPUI-9 labanye abantu bezenkolo xa ichitha i-CPUI-9 amanqaku e-addicts.

Fernandez et al., 2017 baxubushe ngendlela imibuzo ye-3 "Yokukhathazeka Kwengqondo" ihlawula zonke iziphumo kuyo nayiphi na isifundo esasebenzisa i-CPUI-9.

Okwesibini, ukufunyaniswa kwethu kukubangela ukungathandabuzeki ngokufaneleka kokubandakanywa koxinzelelo lwengqondo njengengxenye ye-CPUI-9. Njengoko zifunyenwe ngokubanzi kwizifundo ezininzi (umz., I-Grubbs et al., I-2015a, c), iziphumo zethu zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-IP kwakungekho nxu lumano neengxaki zengqondo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukunyanzeliswa kwangempela njengoko kucatshulwa kwisifundo samanje (ukuhluleka ukuzama ukuziyeka ukuzithiba) ukungazibandakanyi nobudlelwane kunye neengxaki zokukhathazeka ngokomzwelo. Oku kubonisa ukuba abantu abafumana ukunyanzeliswa kwangempela kwiifoto zoononophala abayisebenzelanga ukuxinezeleka kwengqondo ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwabo koonografi.

Kunoko, Imiba yokukhathazeka ngokwemvakalelo yayibhalwe ngokucacileyo ngokunyaniseka kokuziphatha, ngokuhambelana nezifundo zangaphambili oye wafumanisa ngokubanzi phakathi kwababini (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Wilt et al., 2016). Oku kubonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwengqondo njengoko lulinganiswe yi-CPUI-9 lubalwa ngokukhululeka ngenxa yokubandakanyeka ekuziphatheni okungavumelekanga ngokokuziphatha, kwaye akuhambelani nokunyanzeliswa kwangempela. Ngaloo ndlela, ukufakwa koxinzelelo lwe-Emotional Distress subscale njengenxalenye ye-CPUI-9 inokuthi ifake iziphumo ngendlela echaphazela ukuba ngabafundi be-IP abanokuziphatha kakubi kweefografi, kwaye bayichaphazela amanqaku amaninzi e-adware abasebenzisi abaphakamileyo Amanqaku okunyanzeliswa, kodwa ukungafuni ukuziphatha kakubi kweefografi.

Tyakhe inokuba i-Distressed Account emotionally is based on the original "Ulungelo" olwenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngokukodwa ngabantu abakholwayo (Grubbs et al., 2010)., kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nabantu abangenayo inkolo bahlala bengathembeki ngokubhekiselele kwiziphumo ezilandelayo ezihambelana nale nqanaba. Inkxalabo ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-Clinic iyinkalo ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokuxilonga ezicetywayo ze-Hypersexual Disorder ye-DSM-5, apho i-criterion ye-diagnostic B ithi "kukho ukukhathazeka ngokubaluleka komzimba ... ehambelana nobunzima nobukhulu beengcamango zesondo, okanye ukuziphatha "(Kafka 2010, iphe. 379). MnaAkungabazeki ukuba ukuxakeka kobuhlungu ku-Emotional Distress kubhalwa kuloluhlobo oluthile lokukhathazeka kliniki. Indlela echazwe ngayo izinto (oko kukuthi, "Ndiyintloni / ndinyanisekile / ndagula emva kokujonga iifoto zoononophala kwi-intanethi") ibonisa ukuba imfuneko yokucinezeleka ayinakunxulumaniswa nobukhulu kunye nobukhulu beengcamango zesondo, izibongozo okanye ukuziphatha, kodwa kungeniswa nje ekubandakanyekeni ekuziphatheni kwindlela engacingi.

ISISHWANKATHELO: Yi le le Ukufumana okusemqoka: Imibuzo ye-3 "Yeengxaki Zengqondo" akukho ndawo kwi-CPUI-9, okanye naliphi na iphepha lemibuzo ngeziyobisi ezingamanyala. Le mibuzo yecala kunye neentloni yenza hayi ukuvavanya uxinzelelo olujikeleze ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn okanye "umbono wokulutha." Le mibuzo ye-3 ifaka ngokwamanqaku amanqaku e-CPUI-9 kubantu benkolo ngelixa bechaphazela amanqaku e-CPUI-9 kwizilonda ezingamanyala.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iphepha lemibuzo lovavanyo lolunye uhlobo lweziyobisi alunamibuzo malunga netyala kunye nehlazo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho yenza enye yesithathu yemibuzo yabo malunga necala kunye nehlazo. Ngokomzekelo, iimpawu ze-DSM-5 kwi-Alcohol Use Disorder iqulethe i-11 imibuzo. Kodwa akukho nanye yale mibuzo ihlola ukuzisola okanye isohlwayo emva kokutywala. Akunjalo ne-DSM-5 Umbuzo wemibuzo yokuLuleka iqulethe umbuzo omnye malunga nokuzisola, ityala okanye ihlazo.

Okukwintsusa: Ukuphelisa imibuzo emi-3 "yoKhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo" kunye nawo onke amabango kunye nolungelelwaniso olusekwe kukunyamalala. Makhe sihlolisise indlela imibuzo emi-3 “yoKhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo” ebuza ngayo iziphumo ze-CPUI-9.

Ibango #1: Okokuqala, kuye kwafunwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba "iiyure zokusetyenziswa koononophelo" zazingahambelani "nokubonwa kwezilwanyana ezingamanyala" (amanqaku e-CPUI-9 onke). Yiyo leyo ayonyani njengemibutho ethathwe kuyo Grubbs's "Ukreqo" isifundo bonisa:

Enyanisweni, iiyure zokusetyenziswa koononophelo ngu melele uqikelelo lweziyobisi ezingamanyala (iyonke i-CPUI-9) kunenkolo. Le yodwa i-debunks ininzi yezihloko ezibangelwa yi-CPUI-9 izifundo "zokulutha umlutha".

Ngelixa kusekho unxibelelwano phakathi kwenkolo kunye nenqaku elipheleleyo le-CPUI-9, iveliswa ikakhulu yimibuzo emi-3 "yoKhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo". Le datha (ithathwe kwi Grubbs's "Ukreqo" isifundo # 2) ityhila ukuba imibuzo ye-3 "yoxinzelelo lweemvakalelo" ilungelelanisa kakhulu phakathi kweeyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye namanqaku e-CPUI-9 ewonke:

Njengoko ubona ukuxhatshazwa koononophelo (njengoko kuhlolwe ngemibuzo 1-6) inxulumene ngamandla kumanqanaba okusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana.

Ngoko, ukusebenzisa i-Total CPUI-9 ngokungalunganga ikhokelela kuyo Ibango #2: ukuba unqulo luhambelana kakhulu "nokubukela iphonografi." Olu nxibelelaniso luguqulelwe kwakhona njengo “Abantu benkolo bakholelwa ngokukhohlisa ukuba banomlutha woononophala.”I-Nether iyinyani njengokwenyani kweziyobisi ezingamanyala, enyanisweni, inxulumene ngamandla namanqanaba okusetyenziswa kwe-porn, kwaye hayi ezinxulumene nenkolo. The lekisa ulungelelaniso phakathi kwe-CPUI-9 isimilo sokuziphatha gwenxa ("iinzame zokufikelela ') kunye neNkolo okanye iiyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi zibonisa ukuba inkolo ayinanto yakwenza neziyobisi:

Ulungelelaniso olukhankanywe ngasentla lubaluleke kakhulu ukususa kweli nqaku lonke: Ukunyaniseka akukho nto enokuyenza ngayo ngokwenene umlutha wezobisi! Kwakhona, imibuzo "yemizamo yokufikelela" 4-6 kuvavanya isimilo sokuziphatha (ukungakwazi ukulawula ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi). Kule candelo sinikeza izizathu ezine ezenza ukuba abasebenzisi bezononophelo bezenkolo bafumane amanqaku aphakamileyo kwi-CPUI-9 imibuzo yokuxilwa kwe-1-6.

Ukuba izifundo zonqulo bekunokwenzeka ukuba "uzive ulikhoboka" kwi-porn, inkolo kufuneka ihambelane kakhulu nomlutha we-porn. Ayenzi njalo. Ukuyithetha ngenye indlela, ezo zifundo zingamakhoboka kakhulu hayi amanqaku aphezulu kunqulo.

Impembelelo yeengxelo #3Okwenziweyo ukunyanzelwa (ukungaphumeleli kwimizamo yokuyeka ukuzinkcinkca x) ukuzama ukungqinelana noko kubizwa ngokuba “kukunyanzelwa okubonakalayo”

Fernandez et al., I-2017 ibonisa into ecacileyo kwizilonda ze-porn: ukuzama kunzima ukuyeka, kodwa ngokuqhubekayo ukuhluleka, kubonisa ubunzulu bokunyanzeliswa kwakho.

Okwesithathu, olu phofu lwenza umzamo wokuziyeka njengento ebonakalayo ebalulekileyo ngokumalunga nokuqonda indlela iimvo zokunyanzeliswa zingakhula ngayo. Kuphawulwe ukuba kwincwadi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-IP kusetyenziswa uphando ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo abadlali abathathi-nxaxheba bokuzilahla. Iziphumo zophando ezikhoyo zibonisa ukuba ukuzama ukuzilahla, kwaye xa kuthethwa kunye nokuzama ukuziyeka, kuqikelele ukunyanzeliswa okukhulu. Sixoxile ngamava obunzima bokuyeka okanye ukunqwenela uonografi njengenkcazelo enokuthi indlela yokuziyeka inokuthi iqikelele ukunyanzeliswa okubaluleke kakhulu, ekubeni ubunzima obunokubakho buza kubonakalisa ukuba kukho ukunyanzeliswa kwimiba yabo yokuzonwabisa . Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, indlela echanekileyo yokunyamezela ukunyanzelisa ukungaqiniseki kwaye iyindlela yokuqhubela phambili uphando.

ISISHWANKATHELO: amanqaku aphezulu kwi-CPUI-9 "Ukunyanzelwa okubonakalayo" ayenxulumene kakhulu neempawu ze ngokwenene ukunyanzeliswa (kufuna umgudu omkhulu wokuyeka uononophala, kodwa kungenako ukwenza njalo). Ukubeka ngokulula, oko kubizwa ngokuba "kukunyanzelwa okubonakalayo" kulingana ne ngokwenene nyanzelwa.

Okukwintsusa: Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba ulikhoboka le-porn (kuba uyisebenzisa ngokunyanzelwa), ulikhoboka lazo. Zonke izifundo ezizayo kufuneka ziyeke ukusebenzisa amabinzana angachanekanga kwaye ajikeleze anje ngo "kubonwa njengekhoboka lephonografi" okanye "ukukholelwa kumakhoboka eziyobisi ezingamanyala" njengommeli wamanqaku e-CPUI-9.

Njengokuzilolonga ngokuchanekileyo sisusa amagama athweswe ukujikeleza kwizifundo ezimbalwa "ezibonakalayo zokulutha", ukuze umfundi akwazi ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo:

ULeonhardt et al., U2017 uthe:

"Kubonakala ngathi abantu abasebenzisa iphonografi baziva bexhalabile ubudlelwane malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo kuphela njengoko bekholelwa ukuba banendlela yokunyanzelwa, kunye nexinzelelo yokusebenzisa."

ULeonhardt et al., 2017 ngegama elichanekileyo:

I-pornography idlwengelwe ukuziva uxhalabano olujongene nokusetyenziswa kwabo koononophelo.

Grubbs et al., 2015 wathi:

"Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zigxininisa ibango lokuba ukubonwa njengekhoboka lephonografi kwi-Intanethi kunokuba negalelo kumava oxinzelelo lwengqondo kwabanye abantu."

Grubbs et al., 2015 ngegama elichanekileyo:

Umlingo kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi ihambelana nokukhathazeka kwengqondo.

Iimpembelelo zonyango #1:

Fernandez et al., I-2017 ibonisa ukuba oogqirha banakholwa kwizigulane xa bethetha ukuba banomlutha wezoonografi.

Ekugqibeleni, iziphumo zethu zinika impembelelo ebalulekileyo kwonyango lwabantu abathile banomlutha kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi. Kukho ubungqina kwiincwadi ezibonisa ukuba kukho inani elinyukayo labantu ababika ingxelo yokuba banomdla wokugqithisa (ICavaglion, 2008, 2009; Kalman, 2008; Mitchell, Becker-Blease, kunye neFinkelhor, 2005; Mitchell & Wells, 2007). Oogqirha basebenzisana nabantu abavakalisa ukuba banamathele kwiimifanekiso engamanyala kufuneka bathathe ingcamango engqondweni yabo, kunokuba bangathembeki ngokuchaneka kwezi ngcamango zabo. Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba xa umntu ebona ukunyanzeliswa ekusebenziseni kwakhe i-IP, kungenzeka ukuba le ngcamango ingabonakalisa ngokwenene.

Ngendlela efanayo, oogqirha kufuneka baqonde ukuba "ukunyanzeliswa okubonakalayo" kunokubonwa njengembono efanelekileyo ukuba, ukuba imbono ibonakala yinyani. Abantu abafumana ukunyanzeliswa ekusebenziseni kwabo i-IP banokuzuza ngokufumana ukuqonda ukuba banyanzelekile, kwaye bangasebenzisa le ngqiqo ekuziphatheni kwabo ukugqiba ukuba ngaba kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo ekutshintsheni ukuziphatha kwabo. Abantu abangaqinisekanga malunga nokuba ukusebenzisa kwabo i-IP kuyimfuneko okanye abanakho ukuzithobela ukuzama ukuziphatha njengalowo oqeshwe kulolu cwaningo, ngokuziyeka njengenjongo (kwixesha le-14 okanye enye indlela). Uvavanyo olunjalo lokuziphatha lunganikeza indlela efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba imbono isekelwe ngokwenene, ngokufunda ngokufunda.

ISISHWANKATHELO: Kuba oko kubizwa ngokuba "kukunyanzelwa okubonakalayo" kulingana nokunyanzelwa okwenyani kwi Fernandez et al., I-2017, izigulana ezithi zixhatshazwa ngoononophala, ngokwenene zinokuba zizilwelwe kwi-pornography. Ukuba kukho naluphi na ukungathandabuzeki malunga nobukho boqobo, oogqirha kufuneka babe nomxhasi ukuzama ukuyeka i-porno ixesha elide.

Okukwintsusa: "Umlutha obonakalayo" awukho kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwawo akufuneki kunyamezelwe kwizangqa zesayensi. Izigulana kufuneka zikholelwe, ngaphandle kokukhetha ubuqu bezonyango okanye inqaku le-CPUI-9. Imibutho efana ne-AASECT, ethi uye wamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuba umlutha wephonografi awukho, unokubangela ingozi kwizigulana kunye uluntu.

Iimpembelelo zonyango #2:

Isuka e Fernandez et al., Ingxoxo ye-2017:

Okubaluleke kakhulu, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukuzihlola ngokweenkcazo zokunyanzeliswa kuya kuchaneka nangona umntu ngokuziphatha engavumiyo kwiimifanekiso engamanyala. Oogqirha abafanelekanga ngokukhawuleza ukuba bachithe ukuvavanya ngokweenkcazo zabantu ngabanye abaziphatha kakubi kwiimifanekiso engamanyala njengengcaciso ephezulu yeengxaki ngenxa yokukholelwa kwabo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, oogqirha kufuneka bahlale bekhumbula ukuba uxinzelelo lwengqondo olunxulumene noonografi olusetyenziswa ngabaxumi, ngakumbi abo abaziphatha kakubi kwiimifanekiso engamanyala, kubonakala behluke kwi-self-assessment of compulsivity. Uxinzelelo lwengqondo, ubuncinane ngendlela elinganiselwa yi-CPUI-9, akusiyo imiphumo yokusetyenziswa kwe-IP ngokunyanzeliso, kwaye kufuneka iphathwe njengoluhlu oluhlukile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, oogqirha kufuneka baqaphele ukuba umntu unokufumana ukunyanzeliswa okwenene ekusebenziseni kwabo i-IP ngaphandle kokuvakalelwa iimvakalelo ezifana neentloni okanye ukudakumba okuhambisana nokusetyenziswa kwe-IP.

ISISHWANKATHELO: Okokuqala, oogqirha kufuneka bazihlonele (nokuba zezenkolo) xa beziva ngathi bangamakhoboka oononophala xa kungekho bungqina bunamandla. Oonoklinikhi akufuneki bavumele ukuthanda kwabo okanye izimvo zesigulana zokuziphatha zichaphazele uvavanyo lwabo. Okwesibini, "uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo" kuvavanywa kathathu i-CPUI-9 ityala kunye nemibuzo yeentloni ayinanto yakwenza ne-porn yokwenyani, okanye eyaziwayo, ukuba likhoboka. Iiklinikhi ziyacelwa ukuba zikuphephe ukudibanisa iziyobisi ezingamanyala kunye nehlazo- njengoko kwenziwe zizifundo ze-CPUI-9.

Okukwintsusa: Ukuziphatha okungamkelekanga akunanto yakwenza nokwenyani okanye ukubonwa njengekhoboka lesini. Amabango okuba isimilo sokuziphatha sidlala indima yokuba likhoboka lamanyala avela kwi-CPUI-9 yokusetyenziswa kweentloni kunye nemibuzo yecala ("Ukubandezeleka ngokweemvakalelo") ukuvavanya umlutha. Oonoklinikhi benzakalisa abaguli ngokucebisa ukuba ubunzima babo obunxulumene ne-porn buvela ekungavunyelweni ngokuziphatha, ihlazo okanye ityala xa bevela kunyanzeliso lwangempela.

ICandelo 4: Iingcinga zokugqibela

Kubalulekile ukucinga indlela inkunkuma ephosakeleyo efana ne-CPUI-9 yaphakanyiswa ngayo kwimeko enempembelelo kwintsimi yesini kunye namanqaku athile aqhelekileyo. Njengoko fernandez okqhubekayo. ubonisa, iqumrhu le-CPUI-9 lophando alunayo isayensi eqinile. Kwakungekho i-CPUI-9 eyake yaqinisekiswa njengokwazi ukwahlula okwenene kwi-"perceived". Nangona kunjalo izibango ezisekelwe kwiziphumo ze-CPUI-9 zifakwe njengengqiqo, inyaniso echaphazelekayo kwezinye iindidi (eziye zangaphambili izibango zibonakala zixhasa).

Yintoni eyenzeka ngokwenene? Njengoko fernandez okqhubekayo. icacisa, i-CPUI-9 ibonakala ijoliswe ekuveliseni amabango malunga nabantu benkolo-ngokukodwa, ijolise ukuphazamisa "iziphumo zokulutha umlutha" kwiziphumo zonqulo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezifikeleleke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngaba amaqela asebenzisa i-CPUI-9 enenjongo yoko, iinqununu "ezibonakalayo" ziphumelele ngoku, kwaye akumangalisi ukuba abo banomdla kwisiphumo esinjalo zifumana izigqibo ezikhangayo kwaye zifanelekile ukuvakaliswa ngokuqhubekayo.

Umthuthukisi we-CPUI-9 unqulo lwangaphambili, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba uye waqaphela, ngokungazi okanye engazi, ukuba alahlekise ukukhutshwa ngokunyanisekileyo kwezenkolo ezifana nokwakhe ngophando lwakhe. Ezinye iingxelo eziqhelekileyo, zicaphula ngokubanzi, ziye zaqhubeka, zibonisa ukuba "umlingo" ofunyenweyo bubungqina bokuba ikhona Ukuxhalabisa malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kubangela ukuba (okanye nokuba ivelise) inkolelo yokuxhatshazwa kwezesondo. Ukuqinisekiswa okungaxhaswanga kukuxhomekeka kakhulu kubasebenzisi bezononophelo (nokuba unqulo okanye unqulo) onobuninzi beempawu ezinzima, kwaye uzama ukuqonda iziphumo zezononophelo. Abaninzi babasebenzisi abangabonqulo banamhlanje ababa neentloni malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo koonwabo, ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwabo malunga nokukwazi kwabo ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwabo koonwabo xa bezama ukwenza njalo.

Ngokudabukisayo, bambalwa abahlalutyi bazimisele ukuhlola indawo apho i-CPUI-9 izibango kunye nokutolika okuqhelekileyo kusekelwe. Esikhundleni saloo ndlela, ezininzi iingcali zengqondo kunye neengxelo zenkcubeko zithatha izibhengezo zexabiso elijongene naloo nto ebalaseleyo kwisixhobo esinokuphosakela, ngokwenene, ubungqina beentloni-based "."Kodwa nakubonakala kuncinane kakhulu, kubonakala ukuba akukho namanqaku angamanye (kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayikho amanqaku kwiphando lemibuzo ephosakeleyo efana ne-CPUI-9) inokuthi ibonakalise ukuhlula phakathi" okubonakalayo "kunye nokunyaniseka, kungabi yedwa izibango zokufunda ezibhekiswe kuzo.

Konke oku kuthetha ukuba umsebenzi onje fernandez okqhubekayo. kubalulekile. Izibhengezo eziphakamileyo kakhulu ezifana nezo malunga ne-CPUI-9 idatha ayifanelekanga ngaphandle kokuba ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo esiphila kuyo kuhlolwe kwaye iziphumo zivavanywe ngokunyanisekileyo kwabanye, iinkcazo ezicacileyo. Enkosi ku fernandez okqhubekayo. Ngoku kuyacaca ukuba, njengesixhobo sokuphanda, i-CPUI-9 iphosakele kwaye ingathembekiyo. Njengososayensi onoxanduva kunye nolwazi, umdali walo ngokuqinisekileyo uyakubona oku.