uhlaziyo:
Iphonografi, utyekelo lwezesondo kunye nokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesini kubantu abadala abancinci eSpain (2024)
Isampulu enkulu yabantu abangama-2,346 abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwengama-35 ubudala.
Amadoda asebenzisa iphonografi ayenemilinganiselo ephezulu ye-[Instive Sexism] kunalawo angazange ayenze.
Amaxabiso aphakathi kwe [Benevolent Sexism] abonwa ephantsi kubafazi bobabini [β(95%CI):-2.16(-2.99;-1.32)] kunye namadoda [β(95%CI):-4.30(-5.75;- 2.86)] abasebenzisa iphonografi xa kuthelekiswa nabo bangazange bayisebenzise.
intshayelelo
Eli phepha liqokelela iziphumo ezenza ukuba i-sexology ethandwayo ibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kukhuthaza ukuziphatha ngendlela engalingani ngokubhekiselele kwabasetyhini (iphepha liqulethe izifundo ezimbalwa ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezingafaniyo kwindoda).
Masiqale ngophononongo luka-2016 olukhuthaze ukwenziwa kweli phepha- “Ngaba iphonografi iyinyani malunga "nokwenza intiyo kubafazi"? Abasebenzisi bamanyala banesini esini ngakumbi kwisimo sengqondo sabantu abanesimo esingafaniyo nesabantu abangamameliyo eSampulu yaseMelika. ” Kucatshulwe kakhulu ngu I-pro-porn activists njengobungqina obunamandla bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kukhokelela kwi-egalitarianism enkulu kunye nokuziphatha okuncinci ngokwesini. Ngokwenyani, esi sifundo sikaTaylor Kohut (njenge Iphepha le-Kohut le-2017) inikeza umzekelo oyalelayo wokuncedisa indlela yokuphumeza umphumo oyifunayo.
Ucwaningo lukaColonel Kohut lufakwe egalitarianism njengoko: (1) Inkxaso yokukhupha isisu, (2) Ukuchongwa kwabasetyhini, (3) Abafazi abaphethe izikhundla zamandla, (4) Ukukholelwa ukuba ubomi bosapho buhlutha xa umfazi enomsebenzi osisigxina, kwaye ngokungaqhelekanga (5) ebambe ngaphezulu izimo zengqondo ezigwenxa kusapho lwendabuko. Nokuba yeyiphi na into oyikholelwayo, kulula ukuyibona loo nto abantu bonqulo bangafika kude ezantsi kuvavanyo luka-Taylor Kohut lwe-5 yenxalenye ye- “egalitarianism”.
Undoqo: abantu behlabathi, abaqhele ukukhululeka ngakumbi, banokude amazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kunabantu bezenkolo. Ngokukhetha ezi ndlela zokuziphatha kunye nokunyamekela ezinye iinguqu ezingapheliyo, umlobi okhokelayo u-Taylor Kohut wayesazi ukuba uya kugqiba nabasebenzisi bezonyango abaphakamisa phezulu ekukhetheni kwakhe okukhethiweyo okukhethiweyo "egalitarianism."Wandula wakhetha isihloko esasiphonsa konke. Kule ntshumayelo ye-2018 uGary Wilson uchaza inyaniso emva kwee-5 izifundo ezibuzayo kunye nezikhohlisayo, kubandakanywa nezifundo zoKhut: Uphando Lophando: Okwenyaniso okanye Imfundiso?
UTaylor Kohut unembali yokupapasha izifundo 'zokuyila' eziyilelwe ukufumana iingxaki ezincinci okanye ezingabikhoyo ngenxa yokusebenzisa iphonografi. Kwi kwesi sifundo se2017, U-Kohut ubonakala ehlasele isampuli ukuvelisa iziphumo awafunayo. Nangona uphando oluninzi lubonisa ukuba iqela elincinci labalingani beentlobo zeentlobo zamabhinqa zisebenzisa i-porn, kulolu cwaningo i-95% yabasetyhini basebenzisa i-pornography ngokwabo (i-85% yabasetyhini basebenzisa i-porno ukususela ekuqaleni kobudlelwane)! Ingqinamba: Idatha engxowaniswe kwinqanaba le-United States (i-General Social Survey) yabika ukuba kuphela i-2.6% yabasetyhini abaye bayityelela "iwebhusayithi yezononografi" ngenyanga yokugqibela.
Entsha kaKhut website bakhe uzama ekuxhaseni imali Cebisa ukuba abe ne-ajenda. Ukwahlula-hlula kukaKohut kukwabonakaliswa kwishwankathelo elifutshane elisandula kubhalelwa iKomiti eMileyo yezeMpilo ngokubhekisele kwi-Motion M-47 (Canada). Kwisithuba esifutshane uKohut kunye nabalingane bakhe banetyala lokuchola izifundo ezimbalwa ngelixa bechaza imeko yangoku yophando malunga ne-porn. Inkcazo yabo egqwethekileyo nehlekisayo yohlolisiso olupapashiweyo kubasebenzisi be-porn ishiya ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo malunga nokukhetha kwabo. Ngo-2019 uKohut waqinisekisa i-ajenda yakhe egqithisileyo ye-ajenda xa wayejoyina amahlakani akhe ukuzama ukuthula YourBrainOnPorn.com. Kohut kwaye Abahlobo bakhe apha www.realyourbrainonporn.com bazibandakanya ulwaphulo-mthetho lokuthengisa ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokuphambanisa.
Inyaniso kukuba phantse yonke into ehlola ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokulingana (isondo sengqondo) uye yabonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kuhambelana nesimo sengqondo ngabafazi abakhululekileyo kunye nabalondolozo njengengxaki enkulu. (Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi zifundo zonke zivakalise iziphumo malunga sengqondo. Izifundo ezingakhange zichaze ulungelelwaniso lwesimo sengqondo azifakwanga, nokuba bathe baxela ikhonkco phakathi kokusebenzisa iphonografi kunye nobundlongondlongo. Ngezo zifundo, bona Izifundo ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwizenzo zesondo, ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo, kunye nokunyanzelwa ngokwesondo (idilesi zamabango malunga namanqanaba okudlwengula kunye ne-porn.
Uluhlu lwezifundo ezifanelekileyo kunye nohlalutyo lwe-meta (uluhlu luqala ngovavanyo loncwadi kunye nohlalutyo lwe-meta):
Imidiya kunye nokuSondo: I-State of Research Empirical, 1995-2015. (2016) - Ukuphononongwa kweencwadi. Ngcaciso:
Ukubonakaliswa kweentlobano zesini ngokubhekiselele kwabasetyhini kubakho rhoqo kwiimidiya eziqhelekileyo, ukuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nefuthe lokubhenca kwesi siqulatho kwimibono yabanye yabasetyhini kunye neembono zabesifazane. Injongo yale ngongoma yayiwukuba kuhlanganiswe uphando lweempawu zokuhlola uphando lwezesondo zoxhatshazo. Ugxininiso lwaluphando olushicilelwe ekuhlaziyweni koontanga, iincwadi zeelwimi zesiNgesi phakathi kwe-1995 kunye ne-2015. Iimpapasho ze-109 eziqulethwe zifundo ze-135 zahlaziywa. Iziphumo zanikezela ubungqina obuqhubekayo bokuthi ukuboniswa kwebhubhoratri kunye nokuhlaliswa rhoqo kwimihla ngemihla kuhambelana ngqo nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amanqanaba aphezulu ekunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzithemba okukhulu, ukuxhaswa okukhulu kweenkolelo zesini kunye neenkolelo zentlobano zesini, kwaye ukunyamezela okukhulu kobundlobongela ngesondo malunga nabasetyhini. Ngaphezu koko, ukuchazwa kokulinga kwesi siqulatho kubangela ukuba amabhinqa namadoda abe nombono oncitshiswe ngokubhekisele kwiinkalo zabasetyhini, ukuziphatha kunye noluntu.
Iminikelo yoLuntu oluPhezulu loLwazo lwezeMibono yezoTyala, iziNkolelo zontanga, kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo: i-Meta-Analysis (2019) - Amacatshulwa:
Iminyaka emine yophando iye yahlola impembelelo yokubonakaliswa kwimixholo engacacileyo kwimiba yesondo kwiimidiya. Kukho uhlalutyo olulodwa lweemeta kule sihloko, okubonisa ukuba ukuchazwa kwi "media media" akunakwenzeka kumsebenzi wesondo. Kukho inani lokunciphisa ukuhlaziywa kweemeta-meta ezikhoyo, kwaye injongo yale meta-uphando-mali ihlaziywa kukuhlola iintlangano phakathi kokuchasana neendaba zesini kunye nokuziphatha kwezesondo kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo.
Uphando lweencwadi oluqhutyelwe luqhutyelwe ukufumana amanqaku afanelekayo. Ucwaningo ngalunye lwaluqhotyoshelwe kwimibutho phakathi kokuchasana neendaba zesini kunye nesinye seziphumo ezintandathu ezibandakanya ukuziphatha ngesondo (iimpembelelo ezivumelekileyo, iintlobo zontanga, kunye neengxabano zokudlwengula (ukuziphatha ngokwesondo ngokuqhelekileyo, iminyaka yokulala ngokwesondo kunye nokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo).
Ngokubanzi, ukuhlalutya kweemeta kubonisa ubudlelwane obudibeneyo kunye obuqinileyo phakathi kokusasazwa kweendaba kunye nesimo sengqondo nesimo sokuziphatha ngesini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo omphumo kunye neendaba ezininzi. Imidiya ibonisa indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo njengento exhaphakileyo, yokuzonwabisa, kwaye ingenabungozi [3], kwaye ukuhlalutya kwethu kubonisa ukuba isenzo sokwenza izigqibo zesondo ngokwaso sinokubunjwa, ngokwengxenye, ngokujonga ezi ntlobo zokubonakalisa. Iziphumo zethu zichasene ngokuthe ngqo kwi-meta-analysis, eyaphakamisa ukuba impembelelo yabezindaba kwizenzo zesondo yayingenanto okanye ayikho [4]. Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili lwama-meta lwalusebenzisa ubukhulu be-38 ubukhulu kwaye bufumanise ukuba i-media "ye-sexy" yayibuthathaka kwaye ihambelana ngokusesikweni kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesondo (r = .08), kanti i-metaanalysis yangoku isetyenziswa ngaphezu kwexesha le-10 isixa sobukhulu besiphumo (n = 394) kwaye ufumene umphumo phantse kabini ubukhulu (r = .14).
Okokuqala, sithole ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kokuchasene neendaba zesini kunye neentsha kunye nabantu abadala abasemagxeni okuziphatha ngokwesini kunye neengcamango zabo zeentlobano zesini.
Okwesibini, ukuchazwa kwimixholo yesigxina sezesondo kwadibaniswa ngokubamkelwa kwamanyathelo okudlwengulwa okuqhelekileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuchasana kwezobambiswano zesondo kufunyaniswe ukuqikelela ukuziphatha kocansi kuquka nobudala bokuqala ngokwesondo, amava ezesondo, kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo. Ezi ziphumo ziguqulwe kwiindlela ezininzi kwaye zinike inkxaso ngenkxaso yokuba amajelo afaka isandla kwiimeko zesondo zababukeli abaselula.
Nangona uhlalutyo lweemeta lubonakalisa imiphumo ebalulekileyo yokuchasana kwezesondo ngesimo sengqondo ngesimo sengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kuzo zonke iimeko ezichaphazelekayo, le miphumo yenziwe imodareyithwa embalwa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, imiphumo ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke iminyaka yayibonakala; Noko ke, umphumo wawungaphezu kokuphindwe kabini kunkulu kubantu abadala, mhlawumbi kubonakalisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abadala banokuba namava amaninzi, amava anelungelo lokwenene lokwenza izinto kunokuba abathathi-nxaxheba abatsha [36, 37]. Ukongezelela, isiphumo sinamandla kunamadoda xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ukulingana ngokwesondo kufana neskripthi sezesondo zesilisa [18] kwaye kuba abalinganiswa besilisa bahlwaywa ngaphantsi kunobumba bebhinqa bokuqalisa isondo [38].
Ezi ziphumo zinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kulutsha nakwimeko yabantu abadala abasakhulayo nakwimpilo yengqondo. Ukuqonda amanqanaba aphezulu ezesondo zoontanga kunye nokuvumela ngokwesondo kunokunyusa iimvakalelo zoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lokuzama ngokwesondo [39]. Kwisifundo esinye, ukubonakaliswa kwimixholo yemithombo yeendaba zesondo kwinqanaba lokufikisa kwabonwa njengokuqhubela phambili ukuqaliswa ngokwesondo ngeenyanga ezili-9e17 [40]; kwakhona, ukuvavanywa kwangethuba kunokunyusa umngcipheko wempilo yengqondo nangokwasemzimbeni [37].
Imiphumo yobukhulu efunyenweyo apha ifana neyezinye iindawo ezifundwayo zengqondo yesiganeko njengempembelelo yemidiya kulwaphulo-mthetho [41], ukuziphatha okuqhubekayo [42], nomzimba womzimba [43]. Kwimeko nganye yezi ziko, nangona amajelo asetshenziswayo kwi-akhawunti kuphela inxalenye yentlukwano epheleleyo kwimiphumo yomdla, abeendaba badlale indima ebalulekileyo. Ezi tyikityo zibonisa ukuba umxholo wesigxina sesigxina sinento encinci, kodwa into efanelekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwesimo sengqondo sesondo kunye nokuziphatha kwabaselula kunye nabantu abadala abasakhulayo.
Amazwana eYBOP: Kukho imvelaphi enomdla enxulumene neli phepha. (Jonga isicatshulwa kwisiphelo saso ngezantsi kwe-Abstract). I-Abstract ithi kuphela olunye uhlalutyo lweemeta kulo mbandela lupapashiweyo. Elinye iphepha lafumanisa ukuba, "Impembelelo yemithombo yeendaba kwizokwabelana ngesondo kwabakwishumi elivisayo yayincinci kunye nobukhulu besiphumo kufutshane neqanda." Yabhalwa ngokudibeneyo nguChristopher J. Ferguson: Ngaba iMedia Media ikhuthaza ukulala ngesondo? I-Meta-Analytical and Reviewological Review (2017)
Kule minyaka, uFerguson uye wahlasela ingcamango ye-intanethi, ngelixa ikhankanya ngamandla ukugcina i-Internet Gaming Disorder ngaphandle kwe-ICD-11. (Ulahlekelwe nguye kwi-2018, kodwa umkhankaso wakhe uyaqhubeka kwimida emininzi.) Enyanisweni, uFerguson noNicole Prause babengabhali-mbhali kwiphepha elikhulu elinga ukuhlaziya iidayidi ze-intanethi. (Iingqinisiso zabo zafunyanwa kwinqaku lamaphepha ngamacandelo, kwi lo mbandela Umbhalo weMilo yoLungiso.) Lapha, abalobi be-meta-analysis bachaza indlela ukhetho lwesigxina sikaFerguson lweerameters elivelisa ngayo umphumo.
Iifografi kunye neengqondo ezixhasa uxhatshazo olujongene nabasetyhini: Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona koBudlelwane kwiZifundo ezingekho phantsi kweeNkcazo (2010) - Ukuphononongwa kweencwadi. Ingqungquthela:
Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwaluqhutyelwa ukuba lunqume ukuba iincwadi ezingabonakaliyo zibonakalise umbutho phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwamanyala eonografi kunye neengcinga zabo ezixhasa uxhaphalo lwabesetyhini. Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lulungise iingxaki nge-meta-analysis epapashwe ngaphambili kwaye yongezelela ukufunyanwa kwezinto zakutshanje. Ngokuphambene nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta-yangaphambili, Iziphumo zangoku zibonise ubudlelwane obuhle obubalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nezimo zengqondo ezixhasa uxhaphalo lwabesetyhini kwizifundo ezingaphelelanga. Ukongezelela, izimo zengqondo zafunyaniswa ukuba zihambelane ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa koononopopasho obundlobongela ngesondo kunokusetyenziswa koonopopasho olungabonakaliyo, nangona ubuhlobo obusondeleyo bufunyenwe bubalulekile.
Izifundo eziseleyo zidweliswe ngokulandelana kwexesha:
Iimfono zoonografi kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nokunciphisa ukudlwengula (1982) - Inkcazo:
Uhlolisise imiphumo yokuqhubela phambili kwi-pornography malunga neenkolelo malunga nobulili ngokubanzi kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwabasetyhini ngokukodwa. Fu manise Ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kweentlekelezi kubangele ukulahlekelwa imfesane kubafazi njengamaxhoba okudlwengulwa kunye nabasetyhini ngokubanzi.
Xa kuthelekiswa neqela elibukele ifilimu yokulawula, izifundo zesilisa ezaboniswa ifilimu enobudlova zivunyelwene kakhulu ngezinto ukuxhasa ubudlobongela obundlobongela kubasetyhini kunezifundo zolawulo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchasene nezibikezelo, kwakungekho nomehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwamaqela amabini ekuwamkelekeni kweengcambu zokudlwengula, nangona kwakukho umgaqo kwinqanaba elichaziweyo.
Kwizifundo ze-3 kunye ne-4, Ukukhutshwa kwamadoda aphezulu kunokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba amadoda angaphantsi athengise ukuba acinge ukuba abaninzi abantu benza iziphathamandla zomntu. Kwizifundo ze-5 kunye ne-6, Amadoda aphakanyisiwe kakhulu ayenzeka kakhulu ukuba avelise iinkcazo zezesondo zabafazi ngokukhawuleza. Ekugqibeleni, kwiSifundo 7, Amadoda aphakanyisiweyo aphezulu aqonda ukungafani kwezesini emva kokujonga i-video yomculo yesondo okanye yesondo / enobudlovas; Abantu abancinci bezinto ezibonakalayo baye baqonda ubuninzi beentlobo emva kokubukela ngokwesini okanye ngokobubele. TUphando lwezifundo lubonisa ukuba ukubonakaliswa koonografi kuhambelana nezindlela ezibanzi kunye nezindlela ezibalulekileyo zokuqonda amadoda, abafazi kunye nobulili.
Ubundlobongela kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi: Ukubhekiselele kwiziphumo ezidlulileyo (null) (2004) -Lowo ungaphandle, kodwa unomdla. Isicatshulwa:
Isifundo se-1 sibonise ukulungelelaniswa okuphambeneyo phakathi kwezesondo zanamhlanje kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi, njengokuba abathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa iifoto zoononophelo bavame ukubonisa isimo sengqondo esincinci ngesini. Isifundo se-2 sathola ukulungelelaniswa okulungileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nokuziphatha okubi ngokwesini, njengokuba abathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa iifoto zoononophelo bavame ukubonakalisa ubulili obuchukumisayo. Izifundo zethu zinikeza ingqiqo kwiziphumo eziphambili ezingenakulinganiswa zophando lwangaphambili malunga nokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nesimo sengqondo sokuziphatha ngokwesini ngabafazi.
Olu cwaningo luye lwahlola i-804 intsha, amakhwenkwe namantombazana, abaneminyaka yobudala ukusuka kwi-14 ukuya kwi-19 iminyaka, beya kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezikolo eziphakamileyo kumntla-ntshona kwe-Italiya. Iinjongo eziphambili zilandelayo: (i) ukuphanda ubudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo ezinobungozi kunye nobudlobongela ngokwesondo kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo zoonografi (ukufunda amaphephancwadi kunye nokujonga iifilimu okanye iividiyo) kunye nesondo esingathandekiyo phakathi kwabaselula; (ii) ukuphonononga ulwahlulo olu lwalamano olubhekiselele kwisini kunye nobudala; kunye (iii) nokuphanda iimeko (uonografi, ubulili kunye neminyaka yobudala) ezinokuthi zikhuthaze isondo esingathandekiyo. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ubundlobongela obusebenzayo kunye nobudlobongela bezesondo kunye neentlobo ezingafunekiyo kunye neentlobo zoonografi zihambelana.
Olu pho nonongo lwenziwe ukuphanda ulwaphulo lwe-inthanethi, ukulingana ngokwesini, isimo sengqondo ngokwesini kunye nesibonelelo sobundlobongela besondo kwiintsholongwane, kunye nokuchonga ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi zintlukwano. Abathathi-nxaxheba babefundi be-690 abavela kwizikolo ezibini eziphakathi kunye nezikolo eziphakamileyo ezintathu eSeoul. Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Cybersex, ukulingana ngokwesini, isimo sengqondo ngokwesini kunye nesibonelelo sobundlobongela besondo kwiintsholongwane ezahlukileyo zihlukeneyo ngokwezinto eziqhelekileyo. Ubulili obufanayo, isondo sengqondo kunye nesibonelelo sobundlobongela ngesondo kwiminyaka eselula yabathandana nabo babephenjelelwa ngumlutha we-cybersex.
Olu pho nonongo lusetyenziswe ukuphanda ukuba i-adolescents exposure to environmental media environment idibene nayo iinkolelo ezinamandla ezinokuba ngaba besifazane izinto zesini [uphando lwe-on-line ye-745 yaseNtlantshi eneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala e-13 eya kwi-18]. Ngokukodwa, sifunde ukuba ngaba umbutho phakathi kweengcamango zabasetyhini kunye nezinto zokulala kunye nokuchasene nomxholo wesini wohlobo oluchaziweyo (oko kukuthi, ngokobulili obungabonakaliyo, ngokucacileyo, okanye ngokucacileyo) kunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyo ) kungabhekiswa ngcono kukuchazwa njenge-cumulative or as hierarchical. Ukubonakaliswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngokobulili kumabhayisikobho e-intanethi yimiqathango kuphela yokuchasana kakhulu ehambelana neenkolelo ukuba amabhinqa ayinto yezokwabelana ngesondo kwisimo sokugqibela sokulawula, apho ukuboniswa kwezinye iifom zezinto zesondo zilawulwa. Ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokuchasana kwimeko yezobambiswano zesondo kunye neengcamango zabasetyhini njengezinto zesini ezingafaniyo namantombazana namakhwenkwe
Olu pho nonongo luhlolisise ukuxhaphaka kwe-pornography e-intanethi ukubukela kunye ne-correlates yayo yengqondo phakathi kwesampula samadoda aseTshayina aseHong Kong. Ngaphezu koko, abathathi-nxaxheba abavakalisa ukuba nabo Ukujonga ukugqithisa ubulili be-intanethi kufunyenwe ukufumana amanqaku aphezulu kwiimilinganiselo zokubambisana ngokwesondo ngaphambi kokutshata kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini.
Ama-Correlates of usetyenziso kunye nesimo sengqondo sesondo nesimo esilandelayo esichazwe ngokuchazwa ngokucacileyo ngokobulili kumaphepha amakhulu, ii-movie ezibalwe yi-X kunye ne-intanethi zihlolwe ngophando olulinganayo lwabantwana abaselula (iminyaka yobude kwixesha lokuqala = iminyaka eyi-13.6; N = 967).
Ukuhlalutya kwexesha elide kubonise ukuba ukuvezwa kwangaphambili kwindoda kuqikelelwe isimo sengqondo esincinci sezesini, iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zesini, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokwesini, ukulalana ngesondo kunye nokulala ngokwesibini kwiminyaka emibini. Ukubhengezwa kwangaphambili kwamabhinqa kwakulindeleke ukuba emva kwexesha isimo sengqondo esincinci sezesini, kunye nesondo lomlomo kunye nesondo.
Injongo yale sifundo yayiyikucacisa ukuxhatshazwa kwinqakrazo eyayisungulwe ngaphambili phakathi kokutshatyalaliswa kwentsha kwizinto ze-intanethi ngokucacileyo (SEIM) kwaye Iingcamango zabasetyhini njengezinto zesini. Ngenxa yesiseko seenkcukacha ezivela kwiphononongo ye-panel ye-three-wave phakathi kwe-962 yaseNtlantshi yasebantwaneni, imodeli ye-equation modeling ekuqaleni yabonisa ukuba Ukuboniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye neengcamango zabasetyhini njengento yezokwabelana ngesondo zineempembelelo ngqo ngqo. Tuyalathisa impembelelo ye-SEIM kwiingcamango zabasetyhini njengezinto zesondo ezingafaniyo ngokwesini. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo ngqo yezimvo zabasetyhini njengezinto zesini ekuboniseni i-SEIM yayibaluleke kakhulu kubafana abaselula. Uhlalutyo oluqhubekayo lubonise ukuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isini esaselula, sithanda i-SEIM idibanise impembelelo yokubonakaliswa kwe-SEIM kwizinkolelo zabo ukuba abesifazana bayabelana ngesondo, kunye nefuthe lale nkolelo kwi-SPIM.
Uphononongo lwangoku luhlolisise abafundi baseJapan bekholeji '(N = 476) ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezicacileyo ngokwesini (SEM) kunye nemibutho imbono yabasetyhini njengezinto zesondo kunye nesimo sengqondo sokuvumela. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba abafundi baseJapan basekhompyutheni basebenzise imithombo yokushicilela ngokuqhelekileyo njengomthombo we-SEM olandelwa yi-intanethi kunye ne-TV / ividyo / i-DVD. Abathathi-nxaxheba abesilisa basebenzisa i-SEM kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ukongezelela, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwaxoxisana nobudlelwane phakathi kokungena kwi-SEM kunye nemibono yabasetyhini njengento yezokwebelana, kodwa ukuvezwa kwi-SEM kumajelo aseburhulumenteni kwakunxulumene ngqo nabafundi abathathi-nxaxheba baseJapan abanengqondo yokuvumela.
Sisebenzise idatha evela kumaphononongo amabini amelwe lilizwe lonke phakathi kweqela le-1,445 yabakwishumi elivisayo abangamaDatshi kunye nabantu abadala abangama-833 abangamaDatshi, kugxilwe kwinkolelo yokuba abafazi bayabandakanyeka ekuchaseni isini (okt, umbono wokuba abasetyhini bathi "hayi" xa bezimisele Yabelana ngesondo). Ekugqibeleni, abantu abadala, kodwa bengengabantwana abaselula, babe nefuthe leNTSHOLONGWANE yeenkolelo abafazi ababandakanyeka ekunqandeni uphawu lokulala ngesondo.
Uphononongo lwangoku luhlolwe i-62% yobuninzi bobudlelwane kwi-yunivesithi kawonkewonke ye-Midwestern kwiindawo zabo zokujonga iifrafikhi ukujonga imilinganiselo, ukuphumelela kwamanani, kunye nokuzimisela ukuza kunceda kwiimeko zokudlwengula. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba amadoda ajonga imifanekiso engamanyala angenakwenzeka kakhulu ukuba angenelele njengommeli, achaze ukunyuka komzimba wokudlwengula, kwaye banakho ukukholelwa ekudlwengulweni.
Iifoto zoonografi kunye nesimo sengqondo sobulili phakathi kwama-Heterosexual (2013) - Inkcazo:
Ukusebenzisa isampula esekelwe ngamathuba abantu abadala baseDanish kunye noyilo olwenziwa ngokungaqhelekanga, olu pho nonongo luphanda imiphumo yokusetyenziswa kwamanyala angaphantsi, ukubonakaliswa kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo, ukubonakaliswa kwezinto ezingamanyala, kunye nobuntu (okt, ukuvumelanisa) kwisimo sengqondo sobulili (oko kukuthi, isimo sengqondo ngokubhekiselele kubasetyhini, inzondo kunye nezobubele zesini). Ukongezelela, ukuxolelana ngesondo kuvuselelwe. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba, phakathi kwabantu, ukunyuka kwangaphambili Ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwakunxulumene kakhulu kunye neengcamango ezingafaniyo zesini kunye neentlobano zesini ezinobundlobongela. Ukongezelela, ukuvumelanisa okuphantsi kuye kwafunyaniswa ngokucacileyo ukuba iimeko eziphezulu zesini. Imiphumo ebalulekileyo yokubonakaliswa kweentlophu zoonografi yafunyanwa ngenxa yobundlobongela obubuthakathaka phakathi kwabantu abavisayo kunye nabasetyhini abanomdla phakathi kwabasetyhini.
Olu pho nonongo luvavanye ukuba ukutyalwa kweentlobo zamabhinqa eziphambili kubangela ukuba abantu abadala abadala bakholwe kakhulu kwiindawo zeenkolelo zekliniki yeengqondo uGary Brooks "i-centerfold syndrome." I-centralfold syndrome inezinkolelo ezintlanu: i-voyeurism, ukunciphisa ngokwesondo, ukuqinisekiswa kwamadoda, ukuphanga, kunye nesini esingafaniyo. Ukugqithiswa kwangaphambili kwimiba yeendaba kwimiba enxulumene nezo zikholo zintlanu. Ukubonakaliswa kwangoko kwimiba yesikhungo kwakunempembelelo ngokukhawuleza ekunciphiseni ngesondo, ukuqinisekiswa kwamadoda, kunye neenkolelo zesini ezingafaniyo zesini abajonga ukugxilwa kwamaphephandaba rhoqo. Ezi ziphumo zaqhubeka malunga neeyure ze-48.
Uphononongo lwethu luphande umthombo wentsholongwane yentlalo esoloko ixhomekeke ekunciphiseni imfesane kunye novelwano kubasetyhini. Idatha yepaneli yelizwe yaqeshwe. Iinkcukacha zahlanganiswa kwi-2006, i-2008, kunye ne-2010 kubantu abadala be-190 abaneminyaka yobudala ukusuka kwi-19 ukuya kwi-88 kwisiseko. Ukubukela iicatografia kwakubonwe ngeendlela ezichaziweyo zokusetyenziswa kweefilimu zoononografi. Isimo sengqondo ngokubhekiselele kwisenzo sokuqiniswa sinekhompyutheni ngokuchasana nokuqeshisa nokukhuthaza izinto ezithandayo abafazi. Ngokuhambelanayo nombono wokufunda ngentlalo kwimiphumo yemidiya, phambi koonobumba obunokuqala ukujonga ukuchaswa okulandelayo emva kokunyanzelisa inyathelo nangona emva kokulawulwa kweengcinga zengxelo zangaphambili ezithintekayo kunye nenani lezinye izinto ezidibanisayo. Ubulili abuzange kulandelelanise lo mbutho. Ngokwenene, ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba Imifanekiso engamanyala inokuba yintsholongwane yentlalo eyenza idibanise inkxaso yeenkqubo zokunyanzelisa abafazi.
Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukujonga izinto ezichaziweyo (okt, ukungqubana kwendima yesini kunye neendlela zokuncamathisela) kunye neziphumo (okt, umgangatho wobudlelwane obuhlwempuzekileyo kunye nokwoneliseka ngokwesini) ekusebenziseni imifanekiso engamanyala phakathi kwamadoda angama-373 abantu abadala abathandanayo. Iziphumo zaveza oko Ubuninzi bokusetyenziswa koononografi basebenzise kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi okunengxaki kunxulumene neengxabano zengxabano zesini, ubuninzi beendlela zokuxhasana kunye nokuxhalabisa, ulwalamano oluthathaka, kunye nolwaneliseko olungaphantsi kwesondo. Ukongezelela, iziphumo zibonelelwe ukuxhasa umzekelo odibeneyo olwahlukileyo olwahlukileyo kwintlupheko yesini edibaniswe kwiziphumo zobudlelwane ngokuthe ngqo nangokungahambisani ngokuthe ngqo ngeendlela zokunamathisela kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi.
Umzekelo weConfluence wobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo (Malamuth, Addison, & Koss, 2000) ithi ukusebenzisa iphonografi, kucingelwa ukukhuthaza ukunyanzelwa kwabasetyhini ngokuboniswa kwemifanekiso yamabhinqa ethobekileyo, isebenza ngokudibana nokuziphatha gwenxa ngokwesondo (SP) kunye nobudoda obunobundlongondlongo (HM) , umngcipheko wobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo, ukuvelisa ubundlongondlongo besini esichasene nabasetyhini. Ucwaningo olusisiseko lwe-intanethi (N = Abadala abadala be-183) baphinde baphendule iziphumo zoPhando lweModeli yangaphambili ye-Confluence, njengokuba amadoda aphakamileyo kwi-HM kunye ne-SP babengenako ukuxhomekeka koxhatshazo ngokwesondo xa behlala behlala bexhatshazwa. Ukuphonononga umhlaba omtsha, olu pho nonongo lufumene ukuba i-HM kunye ne-SP kunye kunye ne-SP babenokuqhelisela ukusetyenziswa kwezobundlobongela zesondo, xa kuthelekiswa nezobundlobongela bezesondo ezingenabundlobongela, okubonisa ukuba amadoda asemngciphekweni wobugqwetha ngokwesondo asebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zesini kunamadoda ephantsi ko mngcipheko.
Isifundo soPhando lweSizwe soBuninzi boTyhila kunye neZengqondo zokuGqala eziTyhini (i-2015) - Inkcazo:
Uphononongo lwangoku luhlolisise imibutho phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononografi nokusetyenziswa kweengcambu zesini ngokwesini kwi-national sample-wave wave. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithombe zoonografi kuhambelana neminyaka ukuchaza kwangaphambili isimo sengqondo sengqondo. Ngokukodwa, ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwinqwelo-mnye kwaxela ukujonga iingcamango zomntu omdala kumatshangatshini amabini abadala-kodwa kungekhona kubantu abadala.
Ukuxhamla kwezinto ezithintekayo kwiintsholongwane ze-intanethi: Ukufunda kwexesha elide (2015) -Bonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kunye novavanyo lwe-hyper-masculine kunye ne-hyper-feminine Isicatshulwa:
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngamacandelo amabini e-1557 kulutsha lwaseDutch olubhekiselele kule lacunae ngokufunda ukutshatyalaliswa kwintando-mboleko, ukubaluleka kwabo kunye nobudlova. Abaselula abaselula babehlala bebonakaliswa ngothando lwabo, KUBANTU abancinci kunye nabaselula kunye namazinga aphezulu ekuphumelelweni kwemfundo babedla ngokugqithiseleyo. Amakhwenkwe angamaqabane angamaqabane kunye namantombazana e-hyper amabhinqa ayedla ngokubonakala kubudlova-BONYE.
'Kuhlala kusekho ubuso bakho': imibono yabantu abaselula kwi-porn (2015) - Inkcazo:
Iziphumo zigqamisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu abancinci lubonakalisiwe kwi-porn ngabom nangokungazi. Ngapha koko, banenkxalabo malunga nemilinganiselo yesini eqinisa amandla endoda kunye nokuzithoba kwabafazi. Ikhonkco phakathi kokuvezwa kwe-porn, ulindelo lwabafana abancinci ngokwesini kunye noxinzelelo lwabasetyhini abancinci ukuba bahambisane noko kujongwa, kuye kwavezwa.
U mtsalane? Iifoto zoonografi zisebenzisa iinjongo ngokumalunga noLwazi lokuLungisa (2015) - Inkcazo:
Sifumene ukuba izizathu ezininzi zokujonga imifanekiso engamanyala zidibene nokunciphisa ukulungelelanisa njengommeli, nangona emva kokulawula ukuphindaphindiweyo koonografi. Olu pho nonongo luhlangene nabanye ekuphakanyiseni umbutho phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononografi kunye nokunyaniseka kwintlondi yobundlobongela.
Ukubonakaliswa kobulili besimo sabantu besini nababhinqa kwiinkcubeko ezithandwayo ziqinisa imibono engqongqo yobuninzi (umz., Abesilisa njengomeleleyo, ekulawuleni, obalaseleyo, nangobundlobongela) kunye noluntu (umz., Abasetyhini banobuthakathaka kwaye banobuthakathaka, bangabonakalisi, banokuthula, bangenangqiqo kwaye ziqhutywa yimvakalelo). Uphononongo lwangoku luhlolisise imibutho phakathi kweengqungquthela eziqhotyoshelweyo ze-Fifty Shades-enye yeendlela ezithandwayo zenkcubeko ezibandakanya ukubonakaliswa kwendima yendalo yesintu-kunye neenkolelo zentlobano zesini phakathi kweesampuli zama715 amabhinqa aneminyaka eyi-18-24 iminyaka. Uhlalutyo luveze unxibelelwano phakathi kwamashumi amahlanu e-Shades yokufunda kunye nokuziphatha ngokwesini, njengoko kulinganiswa nge-Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Ngokufanelekileyo abasetyhini abaye baxela ukufundwa kwamashumi amahlanu e-Shades babenamanqanaba aphezulu okuziphatha okuthandabuzekayo, okuhle kunye nobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo. Ngapha koko, abo batolika amashumi amahlanu amaShadesi njengo "kuthandana" babenamanqanaba aphezulu okuziphatha okubi ngokwesini.
Uhlalutyo lokuhlola lwesimo sengqondo sabasetyhini abancinci ngokubhekiselele kwindoda ebangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwimifanekiso evulekileyo yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezixutywayo (2015) - Abasetyhini bavelele kwiindawo zokuzimela ezikwindawo eziqhelekileyo babemkela kakhulu abantu abakhankanya nabo ngesondo.
Olu pho nonongo lilinganise isimo sengqondo sabasetyhini abaselula ngokubhekisele kwindoda emva kokubhencwa kwiziko eliphakathi lokungafani ngokucacileyo. Ukucacisa okuye kwenziwa kwasebenza njengeqondo lokukhulula. Abasetyhini abonakaliswe kwiinkcukacha ezicacileyo ngakumbi babonisa ukwamukelwa okukhulu kwindoda ebomvu kunabesetyhini abonakaliswe kwiindawo ezincinci ezihamba phambili ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvelela kunye ne-48 yehora elilandelelanayo. Ezi ziphumo zixhasa umbono wokuba ukuboniswa kwemithombo yeendaba ngakumbi kwabasetyhini kubonisa imizimba yabasetyhini, kokukhona umyalezo abawuthumelayo wokuba abasetyhini bayabukelwa ukuba babonwe ngabanye. Bakwacebisa ukuba nokuba ukubhengeza ngokufutshane kwiindawo ezibonisa amaziko ngokucacileyo kunokuba nefuthe lokungahambisi imeko yokuziphatha kwabafazi kwezesini.
Ukukhokelwa yimixholo yesicatshulwa esithile esichazayo nesingachanekiyo ekufumaneni iskripthi se-Wright ngokwesondo, ukwenziwa kusebenze, imodeli yesicelo sentlalontle, Olu phononongo lucebise ukuba amadoda amaninzi abonakalisiwe ekuboniseni ukubonakaliswa, kokukhona baya kucinga ngabasetyhini njengezinto ezikhoyo zokuzanelisa ngokwesini kwamadoda. (isicatshulwa esithile sesondo), kwaye le ngcamango enokuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini ingasetyenziselwa ukwazisa izimo zengqondo malunga nobudlobongela bezesondo ngokubhekiselele kubafazi (isicatshulwa esicatshulwa ngokwesini).
Idatha yaqokelelwa emadodeni abambisene nabo abatsala abantu besini (N = 187). Ngokuhambelana nokulindelweyo, imibutho phakathi kokuvezwa kwamadoda ekuchaseni imithombo yeendaba kunye nezimo zengqondo ezixhasa ubundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini zaxolelwa yimibono yabo yabasetyhini njengezinto zesondo. Ngokukodwa, ukubakho rhoqo kwendlela yokuphila yamaphephancwadi ejolise kwabasetyhini, iinkqubo zokwenyani zeTV ezijolise kwabasetyhini, kunye noonografi kwakuqikelele iingcamango ezingabonakaliyo malunga nabasetyhini, okwakuthiwa, ukuxela ubungqina obomeleleyo obuxhasa uxolo lwabesetyhini.
Ababukeli bexesha eliphangaleleyo, abafana neefoto zeentlobo zeentombi ze-naked and semi-naked, akunakwenzeka ukuba bacinge ngokuqinisekileyo malunga nabasetyhini kwaye mhlawumbi bafuna ukukhutshulwa koononopopasho oqhelekileyo kumaphephancwadi, kwiintengiso nakwabasebezindaba. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba abantu ababehlala bejonga imifanekiso engcolileyo yoononopopasho babengenakukwazi ukuchaza oku njengononografi kunabantu abanamaqondo aphantsi okubonakaliswa kwezi mifanekiso. Abantu abaye bachithwa kule mifanekiso babekho amathuba kunokuba abanye bavume iimbali zokudlwengula. Ngaphezu koko, Abantu ababesoloko bebukela le mifanekiso babengenakwenzeka ukuba babe neempembelelo ezilungileyo kubasetyhini.
Itekhnoloji entsha yenze ukuba iphonografi ifikeleleke kubantu abancinci, kwaye ubungqina obukhulayo obuchongiweyo buchonge ubudlelwane phakathi kokubukela iphonografi kunye nokuziphatha gwenxa okanye ukuhlukumeza kwabafana. Eli nqaku lichaza iziphumo ezivela kuvavanyo olukhulu lwabantu abatsha abangama-4,564 abaneminyaka eli-14 ukuya kweli-17 kumazwe amahlanu aseYurophu akhanyisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokubukela rhoqo iphonografi kwi-Intanethi, ukunyanzelwa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kunye nokuthumela kunye nokwamkela imifanekiso yezesondo kunye nemiyalezo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "sexting. . ” Ukongeza kuvavanyo, olugqityiweyo ezikolweni, kwenziwa udliwanondlebe nabantu abancinci abangama-91 nabantu abancinci abanamava obundlobongela phakathi kwabo kunye nokuphathwa gadalala kubudlelwane babo.
Amaxabiso okujonga rhoqo iphonografi kwi-Intanethi ayephakame kakhulu phakathi kwamakhwenkwe kwaye uninzi lwalukhethe ukubukela iphonografi. Ukuqhutywa kwamakhwenkwe ngokunyanzelwa ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwakuhambelana kakhulu nokujonga rhoqo iphonografi kwi-Intanethi. Ukwengeza, abafana ababehlala bebukela iifoto zoononophala kwi-intanethi bekuninzi kakhulu ukuba banesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo sesini. Udliwano-ndlebe olulinganisiweyo lubonisa ukuba, nangona ukuthunyelwa kwe-imeyli kuqhelekileyo kwaye kubonwa kakuhle ngabantu abaninzi abaselula, kunakho ukuvelisa iziganeko zobulili ezingcolileyo ezifana nokulawulwa nokuthotywa.
Ukusetyenziswa kweMidlalo yeVidiyo, ukuThatshazwa kwabantu, ukuSondeza ngoBushushu, kunye nokuBuleka kweMfundiso ye-Myth: I-Personnal Perspective (2016) Akunabonono, kodwa kungekude nayo. Ngcaciso:
Kule sifundo, senze uphando (N = 351) lwabantu abadala kunye nabasetyhini kwaye basebenzisa indlela yokulinganisa i-equation equation modeling ukuhlalutya ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwemidlalo yevidiyo, ukuziphatha kakubi, ukuziphatha ngokwesini, kunye neyokuqala (ipesenti zokumangalelwa ngokudlwengula) kunye Iimpembelelo zokulima umgangatho wesibini (RMA). Sithole inkxaso yendlela yokulima, ebonisa ulwalamano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwemidlalo yevidiyo kunye ne-RMA ngokuxhatshazwa kwabantu kunye nobulili obubi. Nangona ezi ziphumo zingakhange zichazwe ngokucacileyo, sixoxa ngeempembelelo zale mibutho kunye nezikhokelo zexesha elizayo zophando.
Nesi sifundo eside phakathi kwe-1,947 13-25-ubudala ubudala, saqala ukujongana nale khokhelo ngokuhlolisisa imfundo yokufunda i-pornography yokufunda ezikolweni ukunyanzelisa ubude obude phakathi kokuchazwa kwizinto ze-intanethi ngokucacileyo (SEIM) kunye nembono yabasetyhini njengento yezesondo. Impembelelo yeendlela ezimbini zokusebenzisana kwavela: Ubudlelwane phakathi KWEMIQONDO kunye neembono zesini zobuthathaka beba buthathaka, abasebenzisi abaninzi bafunde kwimfundo yokufunda i-pornography. Akukho mvelaphi yesini okanye yobudala. Olu pho nonongo lubonelela ubungqina bokuqala bendima yemfundo yemidiya ekunciphiseni imiphumo engathandekiyo yeendaba.
Ubudala bokuqala ukujonga iifoto zoonografi bubumba isimo sengqondo sabantu ngabafazi (2017) - Inkcazo:
Abathathi-nxaxheba (i-N = 330) babengamadoda angaphantsi kwe-University of Midwestern, abaneminyaka yobudala ukusuka kwi-17-54 iminyaka (M = 20.65, SD = 3.06). Abathathi-nxaxheba bathatyathwa kakhulu njenge-White (84.9%) kunye nesondo (92.6). Emva kokunika imvume enolwazi, abathathi-nxaxheba bagqiba ukuqhutyelwa kwirejista.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba iminyaka engaphantsi kweyokuqala ukubonakaliswa koononografi kwakuxela ukunyaniseka okuphezulu kwiMandla angaphezu kwabesetyhini kunye ne-Playboy masculine norms. Ukongezelela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhlobo lwabantu oluqala ukuchasana noonografi (oko kukuthi, ngokuzithandela, ngokukhawuleza, okanye kunyanzeliswa), abathathi-nxaxheba banamathele ngokulinganayo kwiMandla angaphezu kwabesetyhini kunye ne-Playboy masculine standard. Iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo zingaphaya ukuqonda olu lwalamano, kodwa iziphumo zibonisa ukubaluleka kokuxubusha iminyaka yobudala kwiimeko zesitalathisi kunye namadoda.
Ukuboniswa kwezinye iimagazini ezijolise kubafundi abancinci babafana- umlingo-kutshanje kunxulunyaniswe nokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha okujongela phantsi abantu basetyhini, kubandakanya ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo. Kwisifundo esikhoyo, iqela lamadoda amadala aseSpain lavezwa kwizigqubuthelo zemagg lads ngelixa iqela lesibini lavezwa kumagqabi ephephancwadi elingathathi hlangothi. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lesibini, abathathi-nxaxheba abatyhilwe kwizigqubuthelo zabafana ababonakalise ukwamkelwa okuphezulu kwentsomi kunye nokugunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwala maphephancwadi kuxela ubudlova obuphezulu kwimeko yokucinga.
Ubuqhetseba beMfundiso yoBomi: Ukuvavanya iimpembelelo zoSondo, ukuThatyathwa kwezesondo, i-Pornography, kunye nokuzilawula (2018) Ukusetyenziswa koonobumba okunxulumene nokuxhasa iNtsomi yoKhuselo (ukuba kuxhobisa abantu basetyhini) - Inkcazo:
Abasetyhini bezorhwebo ngokwesini baye bafumana uxanduva lokusolwa ngokusesikweni kwabo baphenduli bokuqala kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabathengi nabathengisi. Ikhono labasetyhini lokuphuma kworhwebo lokwebelana ngesondo lunokuchaphazeleka kakubi ngenxa yobundlobongela obunobungqina bendlobongela obuye baxhaphaza ukuxhaphaza ngokwesini kunye nogonyamelo kwabasetyhini. Ubulili, ukwanda kwesimo sengqondo ngesini ngokubhekiselele kwabasetyhini, ukuphindaphindiweyo kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nokuzithiba okuzimeleyo kubonisa ngokugqithiseleyo ubuqhetseba obunyanzelisayo.
Ubunjani bobuMdabu bunxulumene neendoda kunye nabafazi beengxaki zoononophala? (2018) - Inkcazo:
Ukulawula okuphezulu kunye nokuphepha kweengcamango zowesifazana kwakungaphambili kokusetyenziswa kwamadoda ngokugqithiseleyo kwezonografi. Iimvakalelo zokuthintela amadoda kunye neengcamango zesigxina esichaza ubunzima bokulawula ukusetyenziswa koonografi nokusebenzisa imifanekiso engamanyala ukuphepha iimvakalelo ezimbi. Ukongezelela, ukugwema kwamadoda kwimiba yesibini kubalwe ukusetyenziswa koonografi okugqithisileyo nokulawula ubunzima.
Imiphumo yokuzama ukuhlambalaza ngokuchasene neentlobo zoononografi ezingabonakaliyo kwindoda ekuphenduleni kwabasetyhini: inkcaso, isondo, ucalulo (2018) -Isifundo esinqabileyo sokulinga apho abesilisa abaphantsi bavezwa kwiindidi ze-2 zoononophala: ukuhlambalaza imifanekiso engamanyala (oko kukuthi, ukungabi nogonyamelo, ukuhlambalaza, ukuhlambalaza), imifanekiso engamanyala (oko kukuthi, ukungathobeli, ukungabi nogonyamelo, ukuvumelana). Ndiyamangaliswa kukuba isifundo sifumene umahluko ngokuthathela ingqalelo i-2018, kwaye izifundo zazingabafana abakwikholeji (uninzi lusenokuba lubukele iphonografi elihlazo). Izicatshulwa:
Kuphononongo lwangoku, i-82 yabafundi be-grade-graduate men were given to randomly to one of three conditions (degrading, erotica, or control); ngaphakathi kwimeko nganye abaye babelwa ngokulandelelana ukuba babone enye yeebini malunga ne-10 ngomzuzu omfutshane: i-pornography ehlazo (oko kukuthi, ukungabikho komthetho, ukuhlambalaza, ukuhlambalaza), i-pornography (i-non-degrading, nonviolent, consensual) okanye i-clip clip imeko yo lawulo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwi-erotica (vs. Ukucekeceke) kuvelise ukungaqiniseki komdlali we-porn [kunye] nokuchazwa kwe-erotica (vs. ukulawula) kwakhona kwavelisa ubandlululo olukhulu kunowesifazane okhohlisayo, nangona i-omnibus yaloo mva yayingabalulekanga. Ukuboniswa kwezografi (vs. ukukhwabanisa okanye ukulawula) kwakha iinkolelo ezinamandla kunobundlobongela bezesondo kunye nenani elikhulu lokuchaswa kwelo bhinqa kwisiqeshana.
Iziganeko zokuqhelana ngesondo ngesigxina sezesondo sabanye abantu (2019) - Amacatshulwa:
Ukunikezelwa kwekhonkco phakathi kwamava okuchasene ngesondo kunye neziphumo ezingekho phantsi kwengqondo kunye nengqondo yengqondo yabesilisa abancinci bezesondo, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuba yeyiphi na indlela amadoda ayenzeka ngayo ukwenza ukuziphatha okujoliswe ngokwesini. Sihlolisise iziganeko zokuqhelanisa zesini esichaphazelekayo ngesini ngesinye isenzo samanye amadoda (umz., Ukubandakanya ukuvavanywa komzimba, ukwenza intsebenziswano engafunekiyo ngokwesondo), kuquka ukugxila ekubonakaleni, ukubandakanyeka kwintombi yesini, isini, isondo, isondo, i-transgender kunye ne-Queer (LGBTQ) , kunye nolwabambiswano lwendoda yesini phakathi kwe-450 gay kunye nabesilisa abanezesini. Iziphumo zethu zityhila ukuba ukubaluleka okubekwe ekubonakaleni, ukubandakanyeka kuluntu lwase-LGBTQ, kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nokuziphatha okungathinteli kancinci phakathi kwabantu zaye zihambelana ngokukhethekileyo nokuxhatshazwa ngesondo ngamanye amadoda.
Ubuninzi kunye neengxaki zoononografi ezijongayo: Ukuthatha indima yokuzihlonipha (2019) Ukusetyenziswa kwengxaki ye-porn kwakuhambelana nomnqweno wokuba namandla ngaphezulu kwabafazi. Ayilingani kwaphela. Izicatshulwa:
Ukulawulwa kokujongwa kwemifanekiso yamanyala rhoqo, ukwaziwa ngokwenkolo, kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo, Imodeli yokulinganisa ulwakhiwo ityhile amandla phezu kwabafazi kunye nemikhwa yokudlala njengoko inxulunyaniswa nengxaki yokujonga iphonografi, ngelixa ulawulo lweemvakalelo kunye nemikhwa yokuwina yayihambelana kakubi nokubukela iphonografi. Kule mibutho, amandla ngaphezulu kwemilinganiselo yabasetyhini ivelise iziphumo ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo ngokuthe ngqo kuyo yonke imilinganiselo…
Ukudibana okufanayo kubonakalise ubudlelwane obulungileyo phakathi kokuthobela imilinganiselo yokudlala kunye nokujonga ukubukela iphonografi, kunye nesiphumo sokunyusa kwabo bangaphantsi kokuzithemba. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukubonwa kwabamanyala kumanyala kunokubotshelelwa kwiimpawu zabo zobuntu bemveli.
Umbutho oPhakathi koKubhengeza iVidiyo ezibonisa ubundlobongela ngezoManyala kunye nokuThintelwa koLutsha kuBundlobongela kwaBafundi beSikolo samaBanga aphakamileyo i10 (2019) -Ukufunda kuye kwabika ukuba ukubonakaliswa okukhulu koonografi kwakunxulumene nokwamkelwa kweengcamango zokudlwengulwa kunye nokuziphatha okulinganayo ngokwesini. Nangona kunjalo, olona phando lusisiseko lwaluyile:
Ukuvezwa kobukrelekrele obunobundlobongela kwakudityaniswa nazo zonke iintlobo ze-TDV, nangona iipatheni zahlukile kwisini. Amakhwenkwe abonakaliswe kwimifanekiso engamanyala enobundlobongela yayiyizihlandlo ze-2-3 ingakumbi zokuxela ukonakaliswa ngokwesondo kwe-TDV kunye nokuxhatshazwa kunye nokuhlaselwa ngomzimba kwe-TDV, ngelixa amantombazana abhenciswa ukubukela imifanekiso engamanyala enobundlobongela ayengaphezulu kwamaxesha e-1.5 amathuba okuba abekhona ekusongeleni i-TDV xa kuthelekiswa nabalingane babo.
Isifundo esikhoyo sithetha ngendlela yokwabelana ngesondo kwi-intanethi ngeendlela zokuziphatha, okt ukubhencwa kwezinto ezingamanyala ezabelana ngesondo kunye nokufumana ingxelo emdaka kwi-media media, zinxulumene nokwamkelwa kwesimo sengqondo sokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kolutsha. Ngokukodwa, lwandisa uphando lwangaphambili ekwamkeleni iintsomi zodlwengulo ngokuhlola isakhiwo esayanyaniswa nezi nkolelo, oko kukuthi, ukuxhathisa ukuya kwimetro-intshukumo.
Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ukubhencwa kwezinto ezingamanyala ezesondo, kodwa kungafumani mpendulo zimbi zibonakalayo kumajelo asekuhlaleni, zazinxulumene nokuxhathisa okungakumbi ekususeni intshukumo kunye nokwamkelwa kweentsomi zodlwengulo ngombono wabasetyhini njengezinto zesini. Ukuzithemba ngokwakho akubanga kusebenza njengomlamli ofanelekileyo kubudlelwane obuvavanyiweyo. Isini kunye nokuzithemba akuzange kumodareyithe ubudlelwane obucetywayo.
Eli phepha lisebenzise uyilo lwe-pre-post-test design ukucacisa ukuba ziziphi iimpembelelo ezinokubakho kwezi zixhobo kubathathi-nxaxheba basetyhini (N = 242). Ngokusebenzisa iZimo eziBhekise kwicala labaseTyhini kunye nePowder for Men esikalini kufunyaniswe ukuba abantu basetyhini abafumananga zimo zitshintsho zibalulekileyo kwabanye abasetyhini, xa bebonakalisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, babonisa utshintsho kwiinkolelo zabo zobudoda ezinobundilele bezinto ezibonisa ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo, kunye neenkolelo ezintle zokubonisa iziqwengana zibonisa ulwalamano olunoburharha, indawo yothando, kunye, kwimeko ebonisa udlwengulo. Ezi ziphumo ziyaqwalaselwa kwaye zixoxwe ngokukhanya kwiTheory yesini-Schema, Ithiyori yoLwaziso lwezeSondo kunye nethiyori yoMbono oBonisa uvelwano.
Imifanekiso engamanyala kunye nenkqubo yokususa isidima kumaqabane abelana ngesondo (2020) - Uninzi lwezifundo zabasetyhini. Isicatshulwa:
Kwisifundo esidibeneyo, abangama-266 abathathe inxaxhebaAma-78.2% abasetyhini; Ubuninzi = 30.79, SD = 8.89) baphendule kwiidemokhrasi, nokuba babekhona na ubudlelwane, nokuba ngaba basebenzise iphonografi kwi-intanethi nokuba bangakanani iimvakalelo zokuqala kunye nezesekondari kumaqabane abo ababelana ngesondo. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba abantu abasebenzisa iphonografi bawahlazisa amaqabane abo okwabelana ngesondo kodwa kuphela xa bengekho kulwalamano lothando. Ezi ziphumo zifanelekile kuba ukukhutshwa kobuntu kuneziphumo ezibi njengokucalucalulwa, ubundlobongela, isohlwayo esiqatha kunye nokuthintelwa kokuziphatha okubi. Xa sele sisazi ukuba kuyenzeka nini na, sinethuba lokuyila iindlela zokuyenza buthathaka.
Inkxaso yoontanga abangamadoda kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo: ubudlelwane phakathi kweprofayili ephezulu, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezemidlalo kwisikolo esiphakamileyo kunye nokuziphatha okuxhaphazayo ngokwesini (2020) Amanqanaba aphezulu okusetyenziswa kwe-porn ahambelana ngokufanelekileyo namanyathelo: Amathuba okuDlwengula, ukuTyholwa ngokuThatshazwa ngokwesondo, ukuLungelwa ngokwesondo, kunye nobundlobongela kwabaseTyhini. Itafile enonxibelelwano olusisiseko. # 8 kukusetyenziswa kwamanyala:
Imodeli yoChukunyiso lweSondo eliSebenzayo: iSicelo esineDuna yoDanga (2020) - SAbafana abakwiBanga le-10 bafumanisa ukuba ukubhencwa kobundlobongela bokwabelana ngesondo kwakudibene nokuxhaphaza ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo kwezi zinyanga zi-6 zidlulileyo, kunye noQhakamshelwano nobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo, ukwamkelwa kweentsomi zodlwengulo, ukuzibandakanya ekuhlukumezeni kakhulu, ukuhlekisa ngasekhaya. Itheyibhuli:
Ukubonakaliswa koononografi phakathi kwama-Eritrea aMancinci: Isifundo sokuHlola (2021) - Inkcazo:
Inye yeendlela ze-ANOVA zityhila ukuba kukho umahluko obonakalayo ngokweenkcukacha-manani kwizimo zengqondo phakathi kwabasetyhini phakathi kwabaphenduli ababebukele iphonografi kunyaka ophelileyo kunye nabaphendulanga ababengazange. Ngokukodwa, Abaphenduli ababebukele iphonografi kunyaka ophelileyo babebambe isimo sengqondo esibi, esingalinganiyo malunga nabasetyhini.
Siphinde safumanisa ukuba ubundlobongela obunobundlobongela kunye nobubele babenxulumene ngokuqinisekileyo nokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nokuziphatha okuthunyelwa ngefowuni. Ngenxa yoko, amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana aneempawu zesini ezingakumbi atya eyona mifanekiso iphonografi kwaye ndenza i-sexting.
Ke ngoko, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba Amantombazana atya umxholo ongamanyala nge-cyberstalked iqabane lawo ngakumbi. Ukongeza, amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana anobubele abelana ngesondo abenza i-sexting yokuziphatha ngakumbi bathambekele ekubekeni iliso kumaqabane abo.
Izinto ezixelwa kwangaphambili kubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo: Ukuvavanya iintsika ezine zeModeli yokuCinga kwisampulu enkulu eyahlukileyo yamadoda asekholejini (2021) Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kunxulumene neziphumo ezibi ezininzi kubandakanya ubundlobongela obunobundlobongela, ukunxibelelana nokunyanzelwa ngokwesondo, kunye nezenzo ezingezizo zokunxibelelana ngokwesondo:
Imifanekiso engamanyala kunye neentlobano zesini ezingafanelekanga
Idatha evela kumazwe e-13 ifunyenwe, kunye neziphumo zengqondo ezivela ngaphezu kwabathathi-nxaxheba be-45,000 kunye neziphumo zokuziphatha ezivela ngaphezu kwabathathi-nxaxheba be-60,000. Ukusetyenziswa kwephonografi kwakunxulunyaniswa nendlela engafanelekanga yokulala ngesondo phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini; phakathi kwabakwishumi elivisayo kunye nabantu abadala; nakumazwe ngamazwe, ixesha, kunye neendlela. Iziphumo zolamlo bezingqinelana nethiyori yezesondo ebonisa ukuba ukubukela iphonografi kukhokelela kwizimo zengqondo ezingezizo ezesondo, ezithi zinyuse amathuba okubandakanyeka ekuziphatheni ngokwesondo. Uhlalutyo oludidayo aluzange luxhase i-theory ye-libertarian ye-hypothesis ye-pornography yokuba isizathu esona sizathu sokuba ukusetyenziswa kwephonografi kuhambelana nokuziphatha ngokwesondo okungenabuntu kukuba abantu abasele bengabonakali kwindlela yabo yokulala ngesondo kunokwenzeka ukuba basebenzise imifanekiso engamanyala kwaye babandakanyeke kwizenzo zesondo ezingabonakaliyo.
Olu phando malunga nokuchaneka lunokubaluleka:
Xa 'eba' yiyo '(2019) (upapasho ndaba zekhampani)
Ukuvavanya iimpendulo ze-neural ezijoliswe kwiithagethi zabantu kunye nezinto ukuchonga iinkqubo zesichaso sezesondo ezihamba ngaphaya kwesi silike (2019) (uvavanyo olupheleleyo)
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