Izifundo zocansi kanye nentsha zibhalwe ngezansi kwalesi sethulo. I (L) phambi kwesixhumanisi ikhombisa i-athikili ebekiwe, imvamisa mayelana nesifundo. Lezi zihloko ezifanele namavidiyo yi-YBOP angaba nentshisekelo:
- Kungani kungadingeki ukuthi u-Johnny Watch Porn Uma Athanda?
- Ubulili bokuqala: Nje isayensi Sicela
- Abasebenzisi abasha abasha abadinga usizo olude ukuze babuyisele uMojo wabo
- Isiqophi: Ubuchopho Bentsha Ihambisana Ne-Porn Inthanethi Ephakeme Kakhulu (2013)
Ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta (ngosuku lokushicilelwa):
Umthelela Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Inthanethi Emshadweni Nomkhaya: Ukubukezwa kocwaningo (2006) - Izingcaphuno:
Ukuhlola umthelela ohlelweni lwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, noma kunjalo, insimu engakahleleki futhi ucwaningo olugxilwe ohlelweni lukhawulelwe. Ukubuyekezwa kocwaningo olukhona okwenziwe kwenziwa futhi eziningi zezindlela ezimbi zavezwa. Nakuba okuningi kusalokhu kungaziwa ngomthelela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi emishadweni nasemindenini, idatha etholakalayo inikeza iphuzu eliqashile labenzi bezinqubomgomo, othisha, odokotela kanye nabacwaningi.
Umthelela oqondile ezinganeni nasezinshumbeni Umphumela olandelayo uthathwa wokuthi unethonya elikhulu ezinganeni nasebancane abasebenzisa noma abahlangabezane nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokwabo:
I-1. Naphezu kokungekho emthethweni, intsha ikwazi ukufinyelela kalula kwizinto eziphathekayo zobulili ezingcolile futhi lokhu kungabangela ukuhlukumeza, ukuhlanekezela, ukuhlukunyezwa, kanye / noma umlutha wemiphumela.
I-2. Ngokuvamile intsha iyanxuswa, ikhohlisiwe, idukisiwe, noma "i-mouse iboshelwe" ekubukeni okuqukethwe okuvezwa ngokocansi ku-intanethi.
I-3. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ukuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungenza kube nomqondo ohlala njalo kubantu abasha nokuthi lo mqondo uvame ukuchazwa usebenzisa imizwa efana nokudeka, ukuthuthumela, ukuhlazeka, intukuthelo, ukwesaba nokudabuka.
I-4. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kanye / noma ukubandakanyeka engxoxweni yezocansi kungalimaza ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi nokucansi kwentsha futhi kuphazamise impumelelo yabo ebuhlotsheni obuzayo.
I-5. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ebusheni kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokuqala kokulala ngokobulili, kanye nokwanda okukhudlwana kokuhlanganyela ocansini obudala kanye nobuhlobo bobulili nabantu abangabathandana nabo ngokobulili.
Imiphumela Emikhulu Yemidiya Ekuziphatheni Kocansi Kwentsha Ukuhlola Isimangalo Sokubangwa Kokucwaswa (2011) - Izingcaphuno:
Izifundo zomthelela wezindaba ezithinta abantu abaningi ekuziphatheni kobulili abasencane ziye zancipha ukuqoqa naphezu kobufakazi obude bokuqukethwe kocansi emithonjeni yezindaba. Imiphumela yabezindaba zocansi ishintshe kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, kodwa, njengoba abacwaningi abavela ezifundweni eziningi baphendule ucingo lokubhekana nale ndawo ebalulekile yokufundiswa kocansi ngokocansi. Inhloso yalesi sahluko ukubukeza i-subset yezifundo eziqoqiwe ngemiphumela yokuziphatha ngokocansi ukucacisa ukuthi lesi sigaba somsebenzi sikhombisa yini isiphetho esiyinkimbinkimbi. Izindinganiso ze-causal inference echazwe nguCheka noCampbell (1979) ziyasetshenziswa ukufeza le njongo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ucwaningo oludlulela kulolu suku ludlula umkhawulo wokubaluleka kwesigatshana ngasinye futhi ukuthi imithombo yezindaba enkulu cishe ithonya ithonya lokuziphatha ngokobulili kwentsha yase-United States.
Umthelela Wezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ze-Intanethi Kubantwana Abasha: Ukubukezwa kocwaningo (2012) - Kusukela esiphethweni:
Ukwanda kokufinyelela kwi-Intanethi okwenziwa ngabasakhulayo kudale amathuba angakaze abe khona emfundo yezocansi, ukufunda nokukhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubungozi bokulimala okubonakala ezincwadini kuholele ekutheni abacwaningi baphenye ngokuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili online ukuze bazame ukucacisa lobu budlelwano. Ngokubambisana, lezi zifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi osemusha ophuza izithombe zobulili ezingcolile angahlakulela izindinganiso nezinkolelo ezingezona ezocansi. Phakathi kokutholakele, amazinga aphakeme wezimo zobulili ezivumayo, ukuzibandakanya ocansini, nokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini kobulili kuhlobene nokusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwezithombe zocansi…. Noma kunjalo, okutholakele okungaguquki kuvelile okuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwentsha kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okubonisa ubudlova nezinga elikhuphukile lokuziphatha ngokobulili.
Izincwadi zikhombisa ukuhlangana okuthile phakathi kokusebenzisa kwentsha kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokuzazi. Amantombazane abika ukuthi azizwa ephansi ngokomzimba abesifazane abababheka ezintweni ezibonakalayo zobulili, kanti abafana besaba ukuthi kungenzeka bangabi yigciwane noma bakwazi ukwenza njengamadoda kule mithombo yezindaba. Intsha futhi ibika ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwehlile njengoba ukuzethemba kwabo nentuthuko yezenhlalo ikhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo libonisa ukuthi intsha esebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ikakhulukazi ezitholakala kwi-Intanethi, inamazinga aphansi wokuhlangana komphakathi, inyuka ezinkingeni zokuziphatha, amazinga aphakeme okuziphatha okukhohlisayo, izehlakalo eziphakeme zezimpawu ezicindezelayo, futhi inciphise ukubopha okungokomzwelo nabanakekeli.
Isizukulwane esisha soMlutha Wezocansi (2013) - Yize kungeyona ukubuyekezwa kwezobuchwepheshe, bekungelinye lamaphepha okuqala ukuhlukanisa abasebenzisi abancane be-porn abaphoqayo kwizifundo "zakudala" ze-CSB. Isiphetho:
Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi umlutha wezocansi ungahlukaniswa ngama-etiologies amabili ahlukile. Umlutha “wesimanje” uphakanyiswa ukuthi uhluke kulokho kuvezwa okucacile kobulili obenziwa nge-inthanethi phakathi kwesiko lezocansi kakhulu kuqhuba ukuphoqeleka ngokocansi, kanti umlutha “wakudala” uqhutshwa ukuhlukumezeka, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukunamathiselwa okonakele, ukukhubazeka kokulawula umfutho, amahloni Ukuqonda okusekwe, nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo. Ngenkathi bobabili bengabelana ngezethulo ezifanayo (indlela yokuphoqelela, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ukukhubazeka ngokobudlelwano), i-etiology nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kungenzeka zihluke.
Ukulutha kocansi "okuvamile", ngenkathi kuxoxwa kakhulu, kuye kwaqaphela kakhulu ucwaningo, emphakathini oqeqeshiwe, nasesimweni esithandwayo. Izinketho zokwelapha, ngenkathi zingakaze zande, zihlukahlukene futhi zitholakalayo, ngisho nakancane ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe bezocansi eziqinisekisiwe kuqhutshwa e-United States, okuvumela ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ukuba bathole ubuqiniso obuningi bokusebenza ngokusebenzelana nokulutha ngokocansi.
Ukulutha ngokocansi "kwesimanje", noma kunjalo, kuyinto engacwaningwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nasebusheni. Ucwaningo nezincwadi ziyashoda futhi, ngokuthakazelisayo, zivame ukushicilelwa zivela emazweni angaphandle kwe-United States (He, Li, Guo, & Jiang, 2010; Yen et al., 2007). Ucwaningo ngabesifazane abasebancane kanye nokulutha ngokocansi alukho nhlobo. Ukwelashwa okukhethekile ngabelaphi bezingane nentsha abaqeqeshwe ekuluthweni ngokocansi akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke inani elibalulekile lezingane, intsha kanye nabantu abadala abancane badinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile okunjalo, futhi umphakathi ochwepheshe uyaphuza ukuphendula. Ucwaningo, inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye nemfundo kuyadingeka ngokuphuthumayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane ngokufanele nezidingo zalabo abancane kunabantu bethu abalwa nokuziphatha okuphoqelela ngokocansi.
Ingabe okuqukethwe kocansi emithonjeni entsha kuxhumene nokuziphatha kocansi kubantu abasha? Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwemeta (2016) - Kusuka okungaqondakali:
Ezenye: Izifundo eziyishumi nane, zonke ziyingxenye yesakhiwo ekwakhiweni, zahlangabezana nenqubo yokufakwa. Izifundo eziyisithupha (abahlanganyeli be-10 352) bahlole ukuvezwa kwentsha kuma-SEWs futhi abayisishiyagalombili (ababambiqhaza be10 429) bahlola ukuthunyelwa kwezithombe ezithunyelwa ngomzimba. Kube nokuhlukahluka okukhulu kuzo zonke izifundo ekuchazeni nasekuchazeni imiphumela. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Meta kutholile ukuthi ukuvezwa kwe-SEW kuhlangene nokuhlangana ngocansi ngaphandle kwekhondomu; ukuthumelelana imiyalezo yocansi nge-inthanethi kuhlobene nokuthi wake walala nomuntu ocansini, izenzo zocansi ezisanda kwenziwa, utshwala kanye nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngaphambi kokwenza ucansi, nabalingani abaningi bamuva bezocansi. Izifundo eziningi zazinokulungiswa okulinganiselwe kwabadidali ababalulekile abangahle babe khona.
iziphetho: Izifundo ezingezansi zibonisa ubudlelwane obuqinile phakathi kokuchayeka ekuzivezeni kokuqukethwe kwezocansi kwabezindaba ezintsha nokuziphatha kocansi kubantu abasha. Izifundo ze-Longitudinal zinganikeza ithuba elikhulu lokuzijwayeza ukudideka, nokuqonda okungcono ezindleleni zokubamba izisekelo ezingaphansi kososeshini abonakele.
Imidiya nezocansi: Umbuso woPhando lwezobuciko, i-1995-2015 (2016) - Kusuka kokungabonakali:
Umgomo walokhu kubuyekezwa kwakungenxa yokwenza umsebenzi wokuhlola uphenyo wemiphumela yokuhlolisisa imidiya. Okugxile ekucwaningweni okushicilelwe ezincwadini zamaphephandaba ezibukezwa kontanga, phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015. Isamba sezincwadi ze-109 eziqukethe izifundo ze-135 zibuyekezwe. Ukutholakala kwahlinzeka ngokufakazela okuphelele ukuthi kokubili ukuvezwa kwelabhoratri kanye nokwehliswa kwansuku zonke, okuqukethwe kwansuku zonke kulokhu okuqukethwe kuhambisana ngqo nemiphumela eminingi, kufaka phakathi amazinga aphezulu okunganeliseki komzimba, ukuzethemba okukhulu, ukwesekwa okukhulu kwezinkolelo zobulili kanye nezinkolelo zobulili ezingathandeki, futhi ukubekezelela okukhulu kobudlova ngokocansi kubesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa kokuhlolwa kwalokhu okuqukethwe kuholela kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa ukuba babe nombono owehlisiwe wokufaneleka kwamakhosikazi, ukuziphatha nokubambisana kwabantu.
I-Adolescents ne-Pornography: Ukubuyekezwa kwe-20 Years of Research (2016) - Kusuka kokungabonakali:
Inhloso yalokhu kubuyekezwa bekuwukuhlelela ucwaningo olunamandla olushicilelwe kumaphephabhuku abukezwe olimi lwesiNgisi phakathi kwe-1995 ne-2015 ngokwanda, ukubikezela, kanye nemithelela yokusetshenziswa kwentsha kwezithombe zocansi. Lolu cwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi intsha iyazisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, kepha amazinga okuxhaphaka kwehluka kakhulu. Intsha eyayisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kaningi yayingabesilisa, esigabeni esithe xaxa sokuphola, ababefuna umuzwa, futhi benobudlelwano obuthakathaka noma obunenkinga yemindeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlotshaniswa nezimo zengqondo zobulili ezivumayo futhi kwakuvame ukuxhunyaniswa nezinkolelo zobulili eziqinile zobungqingili. Kubonakala futhi kuhlobene nokutholakala kokuya ocansini, ulwazi olukhulu ngokuziphatha kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile, kanye nolaka oluthe xaxa kwezocansi, zombili ngokuya ngokuhlanjalazwa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa.
Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuhlaziye izifundo ezenziwa isikhathi eside zibheka imiphumela yezinto ezibonakalayo ezocansi ezithombeni zentsha, izinkolelo kanye nokuziphatha.
Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuhlinzeka ngokubuyekezwa okulandisayo kwezifundo ezinde ezigxile emiphumeleni yokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zocansi kwabasakhulayo. Kunobudlelwano obuningi obuqondile phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonisa ucansi nezimo zentsha, izinkolelo nokuziphatha kwabo kulezi zifundo. Izinto ezibonakalayo eziveza ucansi zibonakale zithinta izimo zengqondo ezihlobene nezocansi, izinkolelo ezihlobene nobulili, amathuba okuba nokuya ocansini kanye nokuziphatha okunobudlova ngokocansi.
Izifundo ezibuyekeziwe zathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibeka obala ezocansi kungathinta izingqondo nezinkolelo ezahlukahlukene zentsha, njengokuzibandakanya ocansini (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008b), ukungaqiniseki ngokocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010a; van Oosten, 2015), the ukuphikiswa kwabesifazane ngokocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009a), ukwaneliseka ngokocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2009b), izingqondo zokuzijabulisa nezokuyekelela zocansi (Baams et al., 2014; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2010b), izimo zengqondo ezilinganayo zobulili (uBrown & L'Engle, 2009) nokubhekwa komzimba (Doornwaard et al., 2014).
Udlame lokuqomisana (DV) nodlame lwezocansi (SV) luyizinkinga ezandile phakathi kwentsha kanye nabantu abadala abasafufusa. Iqembu elikhulayo lezincwadi libonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka kwabezindaba okubeka obala ezocansi (i-SEM) kanye nabezindaba abanobudlova bezocansi (SVM) kungaba yingozi ku-DV ne-SV. Inhloso yalesi sihloko ukuhlinzeka ngokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi okuhleliwe nokuningiliziwe ngomthelela wokuvezwa kwe-SEM ne-SVM ku-DV nezimo zengqondo ze-SV nokuziphatha.
Zingama-43 izifundo ezisebenzisa amasampula abantu abasakhula nabasafufusa ababuyekeziwe, futhi ngokuqoqiwe okutholakele kuveza ukuthi (1) ukuvezwa kwe-SEM ne-SVM kuhlobene kahle nezinganekwane ze-DV ne-SV kanye nokwamukela izimo zengqondo nge-DV ne-SV; (2) ukuvezwa kwe-SEM ne-SVM kuhlobene kahle nokuhlukunyezwa okungokoqobo nokulindelwe kwe-DV ne-SV, isenzo sobugebengu, kanye nokungabandakanyi komuntu obukele; (3) I-SEM ne-SVM iba nomthelela omkhulu ekuziphatheni kwe-DV ne-SV yamadoda kunokuziphatha kwabesifazane be-DV ne-SV; futhi (4) izimo zengqondo esezikhona ezihlobene ne-DV ne-SV kanye nokuncamelayo kwezokuxhumana kulinganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvezwa kwe-SEM ne-SVM kanye nokuziphatha nokuziphatha kwe-DV ne-SV.
Izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zilwele ukusebenzisa imiklamo yesikhathi eside neyokuhlola, zihlolisise abalamuli nabamengameli be-SEM ne-SVM yokuchayeka emiphumeleni ye-DV ne-SV, igxile kwimithelela ye-SEM ne-SVM edlulela ngale kokusebenzisa kwamadoda udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane, futhi ihlole izinhlelo ezingasetshenziswa ngokuzimela noma ngokuhlangana nezinhlelo ezikhona zokuvikela i-DV ne-SV ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwale mizamo yohlelo.
Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezisencane: Sebenzisa: Ukubuyekezwa Kwezincwadi Zokwenziwa Kwezindlela Zokutadisha 2000-2017. (I-2018) - Okucashuniwe okuvela kwizigaba ezihlobene nemiphumela ye-porn kumsebenzisi:
Inhloso yalokhu kubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezihlelekile ukudweba isithakazelo sokucwaninga emkhakheni nokuhlola ukuthi imiphumela ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ivela ezindaweni zokugxila kocwaningo.
Izimo Zengqondo Ngokuya Ocansini - Sekukonke, ucwaningo lwe-21 luhlolisise izimo zentsha nokuziphatha kwabo kwentsha maqondana nezocansi maqondana ne-PU. Akumangazi, izinhloso zokusebenzisa okubonakalayo kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziye zaxhunyaniswa ngokuyinhloko nesimo sengqondo esaziwa njengesijwayelekile sokucabanga nge-PU kanye nomthelela omkhulu ezimweni zobulili zentsha nokuziphatha kocansi.
Intuthuko - Ngokuthize, ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile kuthinta ukuthonya kwamanani, futhi ikakhulukazi lawo maqondana nenkolo ngenkathi yobusha. Akumangazi ukuthi ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile kukhonjiswe ukuthi kunomthelela wokuthanda izwe, kunciphisa ukukholwa kwentsha isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kobulili.
Ukuhlaselwa - Ukuchayeka ezithombeni ezingcolile ezinobudlova / ezonakalayo kubukeka sengathi bekuyinto ejwayelekile phakathi kwentsha, okuhambisana nokuziphatha okuyingozi, futhi, kwabesifazane ikakhulukazi, kuhambelana nomlando wokuhlukunyezwa. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izifundo zaphetha ngokuthi ukuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile akuzange kube nobudlelwano bokuziphatha okuyingozi kwezocansi nokuthi ukuzimisela ukuvezwa ezithombeni ezingcolile akubonakali kunomthelela ekuziphatheni okubi kobulili phakathi kwentsha iyonke. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, okunye okutholakele kukhombisa ukuthi ukubonakala okuphelele, ngenhloso ye-PU kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zokuziphatha eziphezulu phakathi kwentsha, ukuhlukunyezwa okuphezulu kokuya ocansini okuku-inthanethi kanye nokuqothuka kokuya ocansini okuku-inthanethi nokuqothuka kwabafana kokuphoqelelwa ngokocansi nokuhlukumezeka kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokubukwa njalo kwezithombe zocansi.
Izinkinga zeMental Mind - Kuphela, futhi yize ezinye izifundo zingaqinisekisi ubudlelwane phakathi kwezempilo yengqondo ne-PU, iningi lokutholile liguqukela kuleyo PU ephakeme ngesikhathi sokuthomba ivame ukuhlobana nemizwa ephakeme (isb. ukudangala) nezinkinga zokuziphatha. Kulowomugqa, uLuder et al. uphakamise ukuhluka okuphathelene nobulili ekuhlanganiseni phakathi kwe-PU nokubonakaliswa kokucindezeleka nabesilisa abanikeza ingozi ephezulu. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuvumelana nezifundo ze-longitudinal eziveza ukuthi izinto ezibucayi ezingokwengqondo ezithintekayo zihilelekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kwezinto eziphathelene nokucansi ngokobulili phakathi kwabafana abasha.
Amabhondi Omphakathi - Sekukonke, kubonakala kunesivumelwano sokuthi abasebenzisi abasebasha abavame ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi kwezithombe zocansi bavame ukwehluka ezicini eziningi zenhlalo kusuka ebusheni abasebenzisa i-Intanethi ukuthola ulwazi, ukuxhumana nomphakathi nokuzijabulisa.
Izici Zokusebenzisa I-inthanethi - Izici zokusebenzisa ku-inthanethi zacwaningwa ku-15 ezifundweni ze-57 ezifakiwe kusibuyekezo esikhona. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izici ezivamile zentsha ezivezwa ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile ze-inthanethi kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili zihlanganisa amazinga aphezulu okusebenzisa umdlalo we-inthanethi, indlela yokuziphatha ebeka engcupheni ku-inthanethi, ukucindezelwa kanye nokuboniswa kwe-cyberbullying, kanye nokuziveza ngokuzithandela kwezocansi online.
Ukuziphatha Kobulili Bentsha - Ukuziphatha ngokobulili ngokuphathelene ne-PU kwacwaningwa ngezifundo ze-11, nazo zonke izifundo ezibika imiphumela ebalulekile. Ucwaningo lwenziwe nguDoornward, et al. ithole ukuthi abafana abasebasha 'ngezindlela zokuziphatha zocansi eziphoqelekile, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-inthanethi, babike amazinga aphansi okuzethemba, amazinga aphakeme okucindezelwa kanye namazinga aphezulu esifiso sokuya ocansini ngokweqile. Kulowo mongo, olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abafana abatholakala bezosebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindaba zocansi nezinkundla zokuxhumana bathola ukuvunyelwa kontanga abaningi futhi baveza isipiliyoni esikhulu ngokubheka kwabo ukuzibandakanya ocansini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafana ababekhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile ngokuvamile babevame ukukhipha ucansi besebancane futhi bazibandakanye nezindlela eziningi zokuhlangana ngocansi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwempahla ye-intanethi ecacile ngokocansi kanye nemiphumela yayo empilweni yabantwana: ubufakazi obamuva bezincwadi (2019) - Kusuka okungaqondakali:
Ukusesha izincwadi kwenziwa ku-PubMed ne-ScienceDirect ngo-March 2018 nombuzo "(izithombe zobulili ezingcolile KANYE noma izinto ezifakiwe e-intanethi ezicacile ngokocansi) NAKWENKANYE (ingane noma ingane noma OR osemusha) NOMA (nomthelela noma ukuziphatha noma OR impilo)". Imiphumela ekhishwe phakathi kwe-2013 ne-2018 yahlaziywa futhi iqhathaniswa nobufakazi obandulele.
Ngokusho kwezifundo ezikhethiwe (n = 19), ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ezitholakala ku-inthanethi nemiphumela eminingana yokuziphatha, ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo - kusengaphambili kokukhathazeka ngocansi, ukuzibandakanya nabalingani abaningi kanye / noma ngezikhathi ezithile, okuphathelene nokuziphatha okuyingozi kocansi, ukwenza izindima zobulili obuhlanekezelwe, ukungasebenzi kahle ukuqonda komzimba, ulaka, izimpawu ezikhathazayo noma ezicindezelayo, ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuphoqelekile - kuyaqinisekiswa.
Umthelela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi empilweni yabantwana kubonakala sengathi kufanelekile. Udaba alukwazi ukushiywa indiva futhi kufanele lubhekiswe ekungeneleleni kwezwe jikelele nokuzibandakanya kwamanye amazwe. Ukunika amandla abazali, othisha nabachwepheshe bezempilo ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zemfundo ezibhekene nalolu daba kuzobavumela ukuba basize izingane ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okucabanga abalulekile mayelana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo nokuthola imfundo ephathelene nokuziphatha ngokobulili ehambisana nezidingo zabo zentuthuko.
Ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokusebenzisa i-lens amalungelo lens (2019) - Izicaphuno ezimbalwa:
Imiphumela emibi ekhonjisiwe ibandakanyiwe, kepha ayikhawulelwanga koku: (1) izimo ezibucayi ngabesifazane (Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2007; Peter & Valkenburg, 2009; Häggstrom-Nordin, et al., 2006) ; (2) ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwabanye abantu abangaphansi (I-Ybarra neMitchell, i-2005; iMalamuth neHuppin, i-2005; i-Alexy, et al., I-2009); (3) ukungalungiswa kahle komphakathi (Mesch, 2009; Tsitsika, 2009); (4) ukukhathazeka ngokocansi (Peter & Valkenburg, 2008a); kanye (5) nokuphoqeleka (Delmonico noGriffin, 2008; Lam, Peng, Mai, noJing, 2009; URimington noGast, 2007; van den Eijnden, Spijkerman, Vermulst, van Rooij, no-Engels, 2010; Mesch, 2009).
Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lukhombisa ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisetshenziselwa ukucija nokuheha izingane ebudlelwaneni bokuhlukumeza ngokocansi (UCarr, 2003; "Ukuzilungisa ku-inthanethi," nd, 2015; I-United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2015). Izingxoxo zabanikezeli bezinsizakalo zangaphambili abasebenza nezisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwezingane ezenziwa ngoMeyi 2018 umqulu wokuthi abahlinzeki babona lokho okubonakala kungukwanda kwezigameko zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kontanga ezinganeni nokuthi umenzi wobubi wayevame ukuvezwa ezithombeni ezingcolile zobuningi kulezi zehlakalo (UBinford, Dimitropoulos, Wilson, Zug, Cullen, noRieff, abangashicilelwe).
Ngaphezu kwezincwadi ezigxila kakhulu emiphumeleni engaba khona yokuvezwa kwezingane ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile, kunomzimba omkhulu kakhulu wezincwadi obheka umthelela wokuvezwa kwezithombe zocansi kubantu abadala, kufaka phakathi abantu abadala abancane. Njengocwaningo olugxile ekuvezweni kwezingane ezithombeni ezingcolile, lezi zifundo ziphakamisa nobudlelwano phakathi kokuvezwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokungalungiseki kwezenhlalo, kufaka phakathi ukuzihlukanisa, ukungaziphathi kahle, ukudangala, umbono wokuzibulala, kanye nokukhipha izifundiswa (Tsitsika, 2009; Bloom et al., 2015; ICampbell, 2018).
Izifundo zokuvezwa kwamantombazane ezithombeni ezingcolile njengoba izingane ziphakamisa ukuthi kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwabo uqobo (uBrown & L'Engle, 2009).
Abafana abadalulwa ezithombeni ezingcolile njengoba izingane zikhombisa imiphumela efanayo. Zidlulisa ukukhathazeka ngokusebenza nokunganeliseki komzimba ("Ukuphepha Kwengane Online," 2016; Jones, 2018).
Kubonakala kunokuhlangana phakathi kokuchayeka ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kanye nemibono yezocansi kwabesifazane (Hald, Kuyper, Adam, & de Wit, 2013; Hald, Malamuth, & Yuen, 2010).
Izingane zabo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane abachayeke ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kungenzeka bakholwe ukuthi izenzo abazibonayo, njengokuya ocansini endunu nocansi lwamaqembu, ziyinsakavukela kontanga yabo (Livingstone & Mason, 2015). Intsha yabo bobabili ubulili obuvezwe ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile isengozini yokuya ocansini phambilini (UBrown & L'Engle, 2009; Owens, et al. 2012), banabalingani abaningi (iWight & Randall, 2012; Flood, 2009, p. 389), futhi bazibandakanya ocansini olukhokhelwayo (Svedin Akerman, & Priebe, 2011; Wright & Randall, 2012).
Izingxenye zengqondo yengane kanye nokuzwela kwayo okuyingqayizivele kokuqukethwe okucacile ngocansi (2019) - Ambalwa ambalwa:
Ama-paradigms ayingqayizivele obuchopho bentsha afaka okulandelayo: 1) I-correx engakavuthwa engaphambi kwesikhathi kanye namasekethe angama-limbic aphendulayo ngokweqile (uDumontheil, 2016; USomerville noJones, 2010; uSomerville, uHare, noCasey, 2011; UVan Leijenhorst et al. , 2010; UVigil et al., 2011); 2) Isikhathi esandisiwe se-neuroplasticity (McCormick & Mathews, 2007; Schulz & Sisk, 2006; Sisk & Zehr, 2005; Vigil et al., 2011); 3) Uhlelo lwe-dopamine olusebenzayo (Andersen, Rutstein, Benzo, Hostetter, & Teicher, 1997; Ernst et al., 2005; Luciana, Wahlstrom, & White, 2010; Somerville & Jones, 2010; Wahlstrom, White, & Luciana, 2010) ; 4) I-axis ebizwa nge-HPA (Dahl & Gunnar, 2009; McCormick & Mathews, 2007; Romeo, Lee, Chhua, McPherson, & McEwan, 2004; Walker, Sabuwalla, & Huot, 2004); 5)
Amazinga we-testosterone akhulisiwe (Dorn et al., 2003; Vogel, 2008; Mayo Clinic / Mayo Medical Laboratories, 2017); futhi 6) Umthelela oyingqayizivele wamahomoni e-steroid (i-cortisol ne-testosterone) ekukhuleni kobuchopho ngesikhathi sewindi lokuhlenga (I-Brown & Spencer, i-2013; I-Peper, i-Hulshoff Pol, i-Crone, i-Van Honk, i-2011; i-Sisk ne-Zehr, i-2005; i-Vigil et al., 2011).
UBlakemore nozakwabo baye bahola insimu ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho bentsha futhi baveze ukuthi iminyaka yentsha kufanele ibhekwe njengenkathi ebucayi ngenxa yokuhlelwa kabusha kobuchopho okwenzekayo (Blakemore, 2012). Izingxenye zobuchopho ezishintsha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula zihlanganisa ukulawula kwangaphakathi, ukuxubha okuningi nokuhlela (iBlakemore, 2012).
UBlakemore noRobbins (2012) baxhumanise isikhathi sobusha nokuthatha izinqumo okuyingozi futhi bathi lesi sici ekuhlukaniseni phakathi kokuthuthuka okuncane, okuqondile kokulawula okufakwayo kanye nokuvinjulwa kokuphendula ngesikhathi sokukhula kuqhathaniswa nokukhula okungekho emgqeni kohlelo lomvuzo, okuvame ukuphendula ngalo imivuzo ebusheni ..…
Kokubili ukusetshenziswa okungavamile nokuvamile kwezingosi ze-inthanethi zocansi kwakuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokulungiswa okungalungile emphakathini phakathi kwentsha yamaGrikhi (UTsitsika et al., 2009). Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kube nomthelela ekubambezeleni ukwenza isaphulelo, noma ukuthambekela komuntu kokunciphisa imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo ngenxa yemivuzo esheshayo (Negash, Sheppard, Lambert, & Fincham, 2016). UNegash nozakwabo basebenzise isampula ebesineminyaka yobudala ephakathi kwengu-19 nengama-20, umbhali aqokomisile ukuthi basathathwa njengabasha ngokwemvelo.… ..
Siphakamisela isifinyezo sendlela yokusebenza, sicabangela amaphuzu ayingqayizivele ebuchosheni bezingane kanye nezici zezinto ezicacile ngokobulili. Ukuqoqwa kwezindawo ezibalulekile ezihlotshaniswa nobuchopho obuyingqayizivele bomntwana kanye nezinto ezicacile ngokocansi kuyaphawuleka.
Lapho kuvezwa izinto ezibonakalayo zocansi, ukuvuswa kwe-amygdala ne-axa ye-HPA kuzothuthukiswa osemusha, uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu omdala. Lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu komugqa wokuqala kanye nokwenza kusebenze okuthuthukile kweqembu le-basal ganglia eshumini nambili. Ngakho-ke, lesi simo sizolulaza ukusebenza kwesikhundla, okubandakanya ukuthintela nokuzithiba, futhi sithuthukisa ukusizakala. Ngoba ubuchopho bengane busakhula, kuvumelana kakhulu ne-neuroplasticity. I-cortex yangaphambili yokuqala "engathathelwa ntambo," ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, idonsela ekuvuseleleni okucashile okuthanda ukuthuthukiswa okungaphansi.
Uma ukungalingani kwe-neuroplasticity kuqhubeka ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, lokhu kungahle kube nomjikelezo we-cortical ongenamandla obuthaka wesekethe e-subcortical ebabazekayo, engase ibeke engcupheni le ntsha ukuthi iqhubeke nokuzanelisa kwayo nokungaziphathi kahle. I-nucleus ye-inclus ye-eyeve eshumini nambili, noma isikhungo senjabulo sobuchopho, ingaba nokukhuthaza okwedlulele kuqhathaniswa nomuntu omdala. Amazinga akhuphukile e-dopamine angahumusha kumazwelo augmented ahambisana ne-dopamine, njengokuthokozela nokulangazelela (i-Berridge, 2006; Volkow, 2006)….
Ngenxa yewindi lokukhula kwenhlangano ngesikhathi sobusha, i-cortisol ne-testosterone zizoba nomthelela oyingqayizivele enhlanganweni yobuchopho noma ukusebenza kwemvelo kwamasekethe e-neural ahlukahlukene. Lo mphumela ubungeke utholakale kumuntu omdala ngoba leli windi lenhlangano livaliwe. Ukuvezwa okungapheli ku-cortisol kunamandla, ngesikhathi senhlangano yokushayela, okuqhuba i-neuroplasticity eholela ekusebenzeni kwengqondo ebucayi nasekuqineni kwengcindezi ngisho nalapho umuntu emdala (McEwen, 2004; Tsoory & Richter-Levin, 2006; Tsoory, 2008; McCormick & Mathews, 2007; 2010).
Ukuqina kokuthomba kokuthomba kwe-amygdala, okungenani ngokwengxenye, kuya ngobukhulu bokuchayeka kwe-testosterone ngesikhathi sewindi lokukhula kwentsha elibucayi (UDe Lorme, uSchulz, uSalas-Ramirez, noSisk, 2012; UDe Lorme noSisk, 2013; UNeufang et al., 2009; USarkey, u-Azcoitia, uGarcia- Segura, uGarcia-Ovejero, noDonCarlos, 2008). I-amygdala eqinile ixhumene namazinga aphakeme omzwelo nokuzilawula okuyekethisiwe (Amaral, 2003; Lorberbaum et al., 2004; De Lorme & Sisk, 2013)… ..
Iminikelo Yobunikazi Bokuxhumana Ngezocansi Emibonweni Yezocansi, Izimo Zontanga Eyaziwayo, Nokuziphatha Kwezicansi: Ukuhlaziywa Kwemeta (2019) - Izingcaphuno:
Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane zocwaningo iye yahlola umthelela wokuvezwa kwezinto ezingavumelekile zokuqukethwe kocansi kumaphephandaba. Kukhona ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta eyodwa kuphela kule sihloko, okusikisela ukuthi ukuvezwa "kumaphephandaba we-sexy" kunomthelela omkhulu ekuziphatheni ngokobulili. Kunezinamba eziningi zokulinganiselwa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-meta ekhona, nenhloso yalokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-meta ukuhlaziywa kwakuwukuhlola izinhlangano phakathi kokuchazwa kumabonakude ezocansi kanye nomqondo wabasebenzisi nokuziphatha kocansi.
Kusetshenziselwa ucwaningo olunzulu lwezincwadi ukuze uthole izihloko ezifanele. Ucwaningo ngalunye lwaluhlanganiswa nezinhlangano phakathi kokuchazwa kocansi kanye nomunye wemiphumela eyisithupha okubandakanya isimo sengqondo socansi (isimo sengqondo esivumayo, izintandane zokudlwengula, nokuziphatha kabi ngokobulili (ukuziphatha ngokobulili, iminyaka yobudala bobulili kanye nokuziphatha kocansi okulimazayo).
Sekukonke, lokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-meta kukhombisa ubudlelwano obuqinile nobungqongqo phakathi kokuchayeka kwabezindaba nezimo zengqondo zocansi kanye nokuziphatha kuthatha izinyathelo zemiphumela eminingi nemidiya eminingi. Abezindaba baveza ukuthi ubulili buvame kakhulu, bungokuzijabulisa, futhi bungenazingcipheko [i-3], futhi ukuhlaziya kwethu kusikisela ukuthi izinqumo zocansi zombukeli zingakheka, ngokwengxenye, ngokubuka lezi zinhlobo zemidwebo. Ukuthola kwethu kuphikisana ngokuphelele nokuhlaziywa kwangaphambili kwe-meta, obekuphakamisa ukuthi umthelela kwabezindaba ezenzweni zokuziphatha zocansi wawuncane noma wawungekho [4]. Ukuhlaziywa kwangaphambili kwe-meta kusetshenziswe osayizi bemphumela we-38 futhi kwathola ukuthi abezindaba be- "sexy" bebengenamandla futhi bahlobene nokuziphatha kocansi (r = .08), kanti i-metaanalysis yamanje isebenzise ngaphezu kwe-10 izikhathi zesilinganiso semiphumela (n = 394) futhi ngathola umphumela ocishe ube usayizi ophindwe kabili (r = .14).
Okokuqala, sithole ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kokuchazwa kwezindaba zocansi kanye nentsha 'kanye nabantu abadala' abavusa ukucabanga ngokocansi kanye nemibono yezenzakalo zocansi zabo.
Okwesibili, ukutholakala kokuqukethwe kwezokuxhumana kwezocansi kuhlotshaniswa nokwamukelwa okukhulu kwezingqinamba zokudlwengula ezivamile.
Okokugcina, ukuchayeka kwezokuxhumana kwezocansi kutholakala ukubikezela ukuziphatha kobulili kuhlanganise nobudala bokuqala ngokobulili, isipiliyoni socansi jikelele, nokuziphatha kocansi okuyingozi. Le miphumela iguqulwe ngezindlela eziningi futhi inikeza ukusekelwa kokufakazela ukuthi abezindaba banikela ekuhlangenwe nakho kocansi kwababukeli abasha.
Yize ukucubungula kwe-meta kubonise imiphumela ebalulekile yokuvezwa kwemidiya yezocansi kwizimo zengqondo nokuziphatha kukho konke ukushintshashintsha kwezintshisekelo, le miphumela ihlolwe ngokwahluka okumbalwa. Okuphawuleka kakhulu, imiphumela ebalulekile yeminyaka yonke yabonakala; kodwa-ke, umthelela wawungaphezulu kokuphindwe kabili kubaba abasebasha nakubantu abasafufusa abasafufusa, mhlawumbe bebonisa iqiniso lokuthi ababambiqhaza asebekhulile kungenzeka banokuqhathaniswa okuningana, isipiliyoni sangempela somhlaba sokudonsela phambili kunabahlanganyeli abasebasha [36, 37]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela waba namandla kwabesilisa uma uqhathaniswa nabesifazane, mhlawumbe ngoba ukuhlolwa kocansi kufanela umbhalo wesilisa wobulili [i-18] futhi ngenxa yokuthi abalingiswa besilisa abajeziswa kaningi kunabalingiswa besifazane ngokuqalwa kwezocansi [38].
Lokhu okutholakele kunemithelela ebalulekile empilweni yentsha neyengqondo yabantu abadala abasafufusa. Ukubona amazinga aphezulu ezenzo zocansi kontanga nokuyekelela ngokocansi kungakhuphula imizwa yengcindezi yangaphakathi yokuzama ucansi [39]. Kwesinye isifundo, ukuvezwa kokuqukethwe kwemidiya yezocansi ebusheni bokuqala kubonakale kuthuthukisa ukuqalwa kwezocansi ngezinyanga eziyi-9e17 [40]; nakho, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungakhuphula ubungozi bezempilo yengqondo nengokomzimba [37].
Ubukhulu bomphumela obutholakala lapha bufana nalabo bezinye izindawo ezifundwayo zesayensi yezobuchwepheshe ezifana nomthelela wemidiya kubudlova [41], ukuziphatha kwe-prosocial [42], nesithombe somzimba [43]. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, nakuba ama-akhawunti asebenzisa ama-akhawunti kuphela ingxenye yesilinganiso esiphezulu kwimiphumela yesithakazelo, abezindaba badlala indima ebalulekile. Lezi ziqhathaniso zikhomba ukuthi okuqukethwe kwezokuxhumana ngokocansi kuyinto encane, kodwa elandelanayo ekuthuthukiseni isimo sengqondo socansi kanye nokuziphatha kwabasakhulayo kanye nabantu abadala abakhulayo.
Ukuvezwa Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zengane Nentsha (2020) - Amatafula amabili amakhulu afingqa lokhu kubuyekezwa:
Intsha, Ubulili Nezikhathi Zobulili Ezingcolile (2020) - Izingcaphuno:
Muva nje intshisekelo ngemiphumela yezithombe ezingcolile ezinganeni nasezithuthukisweni zobulili zabantu abasha iye yenyuka okuholela ekwandeni kwezifundo endaweni, imithetho iyashintshwa nokukhathazeka komphakathi kukhula. Leli phepha lihlose ukubuyisa lokhu okutholakele kufaka phakathi ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe e-UK. Izincwadi zikhombisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nezinto ezibonakalayo ezocansi nezimo zengqondo zabantu nokuziphatha kwabo. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi ubulili bentsha buthinteka ngezithombe zocansi nokuthi lokhu kuthonya izingane nezindlela zabantu abasha zokuziphatha zocansi. Umthelela uncike kwinethiwekhi yokusekelwa yintsha, izifundo zokufunda komphakathi kanye nezinye izici zokuphila kwabantu, hhayi ubulili obuncane obutholwe bukhona njalo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lithole izinguquko ezenzweni zocansi zabantu abasha okubalwa kuzo ukubuka izithombe zocansi njengokukhuphuka kobulili obuhlangene nezimo zengqondo zokuvuma. Ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi kanye nokuphoqelelwa ngocansi kutholakele. Ngabe izingane nabantu abasha bathintwa kanjani yilezi zithombe futhi kwenziwa kanjani-nokuthi yini engenziwa ukunciphisa umthelela ongemuhle kubantu abasha kuxoxiswana ngakho ngenxa yezikhala ezikhona ezincwadini kanye nezinkinga ngezincwadi ezikhona. Kudingeka kukhulunywa ngesidingo esengeziwe sokutadisha.
Enye yezinkinga ezikhathaza kakhulu ezithathwe kulo mhlaba omusha we-inthanethi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi yintsha. Inhloso yalokhu kubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ukudonsela ukunakekela emiphumeleni nasekuphazamisekeni ngokomzwelo okususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kubantu abasha, kanye nemithelela yocwaningo lwalesi senzakalo, phakathi kwayo okukhona ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, ukuhlukunyezwa, nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi online. Okutholakele okuyinhloko kuphakamisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kokuqala nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuqala eneminyaka yobudala eyi-8, ngemiphumela ebalulekile yokuziphatha nokuziphatha, njengokucwasana ngokobulili obufanayo, ukuphazamiseka ngokomzwelo, kanye nokuqhubeka kokungalingani ngokobulili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile yintsha kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokwanda kwama-paraphilias, ukwanda kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi nokuhlukunyezwa, futhi, ekugcineni, kuxhunyaniswe nokwanda kokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi online.
Izinto ezihlobene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zentsha zisebenzisa isibuyekezo esilandisayo (2022) - Abstract:
Inhloso: I-athikili yamanje ihloselwe ukubuyekeza izincwadi ezitholakalayo zobuningi ezigxile ekuhloleni izici ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ebusheni. Indlela: Izifundo ezishicilelwe ngesiNgisi eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule zaseshwa ku-PubMed naku-Google Scholar. Izifundo ezitholwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zentsha zahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo: (1) ukuziphatha kocansi; (2) ukuziphatha kobulili okuyingozi; (3) ukuvumelana ngokobulili; (4) umbono ngobulili nezindima zobulili; (5) ulaka, udlame, ukuhlukumeza, ukuphoqelelwa ngokocansi, nokuba isisulu; (6) ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa; (7) i-psychopathology (kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuyinkinga); kanye (8) nobudlelwano nabazali/umndeni kanye nontanga. Imiphumela Neziphetho: Okutholakele okuhlukene, imithelela yomtholampilo kanye nezimpikiswano kuyaxoxwa ngazo.
Abazali Base-US Bakubuke Ngaphansi Ukusetshenziswa Nokufunda Kwezingane Zabo Izithombe Ezingcolile (2022) - Abstract:
Ucwaningo olwazini lwabazali nokulungiswa okuhle kwentsha lusikisela ukuthi amazinga anembe kakhudlwana angaphambili andisa amathuba okuba kwakamuva. Yize kunenqwaba yezincwadi ezihlobanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zentsha noshintsho olubi lwentsha, nokho, zimbalwa izifundo eziqhathanise izinkolelo zabazali mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zezingane zabo nemibiko yentsha futhi okumbalwa kwalokhu kuye kwenziwa e-US. Ucwaningo lwamanje lusebenzise idatha kazwelonke yamathuba aqoqwe kuma-dyad omzali nentsha angama-614 e-US njengesinyathelo esengeziwe sokuqinisa le ndawo ebalulekile yocwaningo lwabazali nengane. Abazali babeneminyaka engu-44.78 ngokwesilinganiso (SD = 7.76). Omama bahlanganisa u-55.80% wabazali (obaba bebengama-44.20%). Izingane zazineminyaka engu-15.97 ngokwesilinganiso (SD = 1.38). Amadodakazi ahlanganisa u-50.20% wezingane (amadodana ayengama-49.80%). Abafana maningi amathuba okuthi babike ukusetshenziswa nokufunda kwezithombe ezingcolile zonkana uhla lwezinhlobo zezithombe ezingcolile nezizinda zocansi. Abazali balinganisela ngokunembile isiqondiso salokhu kuhluka kobulili, kodwa bebelokhu bekubukela phansi kokubili ukuchayeka kwamadodana namadodakazi kanye nokuxhumana nabantu ezithombeni ezingcolile.. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi nakuba abazali babekholelwa kakhulu ukuthi amadodana ayebukele futhi afunda ezithombeni ezingcolile kunamadodakazi, izinga lawo lokubukela phansi lalilikhulu emadodaneni. Izinkolelo zomama nobaba bezihlale zingabonakali ezingeni lomphumela oyinhloko futhi bezisebenzisana nobulili bengane ngesikhathi esisodwa kuphela. Imiphumela kuxoxiswana ngayo ngokuphathelene nokutatazela kwesimilo kanye nemibono yokubukelwa phansi kwengcuphe entsheni kanye nemiphumela yabezindaba.
Izithombe Zocansi kanye Nomthelela Wazo Emacansini Entsha/Yentsha (2023)
Lokhu kubuyekezwa okuncane kuhlanganisa izindaba eziphathelene nomthelela wezithombe zocansi mayelana nocansi lwentsha.
Kuloluhlu olungezansi i (L) ibonisa isihloko esilandelayo mayelana nesifundo.
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