Ndemanga: Pepala ili (chidule pansipa) lili ndi maphunziro awiri a nthawi yayitali ofufuza zotsatira za zolaula pa intaneti pa "kuchepetsa kuchedwa." Kuchepetsa kuchedwa kumachitika pamene anthu amasankha madola khumi pakali pano m'malo mwa madola 20 pa sabata. Ndi kulephera kuchedwetsa kukhutira nthawi yomweyo kuti apeze mphotho yamtengo wapatali mtsogolo.
Taganizirani za kuyesera kotchuka kwa marshmallow ku Stanford , komwe ana azaka 4 ndi 5 adauzidwa kuti ngati achedwa kudya marshmallow yawo imodzi pamene wofufuzayo akutuluka, adzapatsidwa marshmallow yachiwiri wofufuzayo akabweranso. Onerani kanema woseketsa uyu wa ana omwe akulimbana ndi chisankho ichi.
Kafukufuku woyamba (wazaka zapakati pa 20) adagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa anthu omwe adakumana nawo ndi zigoli zawo pantchito yochedwetsa kukhutitsidwa. Zotsatira zake:
" Pamene anthu omwe adawonera zolaula zambiri, adawona kuti mphotho zamtsogolo ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi mphotho za nthawi yomweyo , ngakhale kuti mphotho zamtsogolo zinali zofunika kwambiri."
Mwachidule, zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepa zochepetsera kukondweretsa mphoto zazikulu zamtsogolo. Pa gawo lachiwiri la kafukufuku omwe adafufuzanso nkhani zomwe zinachedwa kuchepetsa masabata a 4 kenako ndikugwirizana ndi zolaula zawo.
"Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kupitiriza kuonera zolaula nthawi yomweyo kukugwirizana ndi kuchedwetsa kwakukulu pakapita nthawi. "
Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mobwerezabwereza kunapangitsa kuti kuchotsera kwakukulu kuchedwetsedwe patatha milungu inayi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumayambitsa kulephera kuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa, m'malo molephera kuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa komwe kumabweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Koma kafukufuku wachiwiri adayika msomali m'bokosi.
Kafukufuku wachiwiri (wazaka zapakati pa 19) adachitika kuti awone ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumayambitsa kuchepetsedwa mtengo, kapena kulephera kuchedwetsa kukhutira. Ofufuza adagawa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'magulu awiri:
- Gulu limodzi linapewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa masabata a 3,
- Gulu lina lachiwiri linasiya zakudya zomwe ankakonda masabata a 3.
Ophunzira onse anauzidwa kuti phunziroli linali lonena za kudziletsa, ndipo anasankhidwa mwachisawawa kuti asiye ntchito zawo.
Mbali yanzeru inali yoti ochita kafukufuku anali ndi gulu lachiwiri la ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti asadye chakudya chomwe amakonda. Izi zidatsimikizira kuti 1) maphunziro onse omwe amachita kudziletsa, ndipo 2) zolaula zomwe gulu lachiwiri silinakhudzidwe.
Kumapeto kwa masabata a 3, ophunzirawo adagwira nawo ntchito yowunika kuchotsera kuchedwa. Chidziwitsao chofunikira: Ngakhale "gulu lodziletsa zolaula" limawona zolaula zochepa kuposa "omwe samakonda kudya", ambiri sanapewere zolaula. Zotsatira:
"Monga momwe zinanenedweratu, anthu omwe adadziletsa pa chilakolako chawo choonera zolaula adasankha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mphotho zazikulu, pambuyo pake poyerekeza ndi omwe adadziletsa pakudya kwawo koma adapitilizabe kudya zolaula."
Gulu lomwe lidasiya kuwonera zolaula kwa masabata a 3 silikuwonetsa kuchotsera pang'ono kuposa gulu lomwe limadya chakudya chomwe amakonda. Mwachidule, kupewa zolaula pa intaneti kumawonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti achedwetse kukhutira. Kuchokera pa kafukufukuyu:
"Chifukwa chake, poganizira zomwe zapezeka mu Phunziro 1 kwa nthawi yayitali, tawonetsa kuti kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunkagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchotsera kuchedwa. Kuchita kudziletsa pa nkhani yogonana kunali ndi zotsatira zamphamvu pa kuchepetsa kuchedwa kuposa kudziletsa pa chilakolako china chopatsa thanzi (monga kudya chakudya chomwe mumakonda).
Kutenga:
- Sikunali kudziletsa komwe kumawonjezera kuthekera kwakuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
- Zolaula za pa Intaneti ndizochititsa chidwi kwambiri.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, ngakhale osakhala osokoneza bongo, kumakhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali.
Kodi chofunikira ndikuti kuchotsera kuchotsera (kutha kuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa)? Kuchedwetsa kuchotsera kumalumikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutchova juga mopitirira muyeso, machitidwe achiwerewere oopsa komanso chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti.
Kubwerera ku "kuyesera kwa marshmallow" kwa 1972: Ofufuza adanena kuti ana omwe anali okonzeka kuchedwa kukhutitsidwa ndipo ankayembekezera kulandira marshmallow yachiwiri anali ndi zigoli zapamwamba za SAT, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mwayi wochepa wa kunenepa kwambiri, mayankho abwino ku nkhawa, luso labwino locheza ndi anthu monga momwe makolo awo adanenera, komanso zigoli zabwino kwambiri m'njira zina zosiyanasiyana za moyo (maphunziro otsatira apa , apa , ndi apa ). Kutha kuchedwa kukhutitsidwa kunali kofunikira kwambiri kuti munthu apambane m'moyo.
Kafukufuku watsopanoyu amatembenuza zonse pamutu pake. Pomwe kafukufuku wa marshmallow akulozera kuthekera kochedwetsa kukhutitsidwa ngati chinthu chosasinthika, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti ndimadzimadzi, pamlingo winawake. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu sizinali chinthu chofunikira. M'malo mwake, kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti kunakhudza kuthekera kwa anthu kuti achedwetse kukhutira. Kuchokera pa kafukufukuyu:
"Zotsatira zathu zalimbitsanso zomwe tapeza kuti kusiyana kwakuchedwa kuchotsera makamaka kumachitika chifukwa cha machitidwe osati malingaliro amtundu."
Motero,
"Ngakhale kutukuka komanso kubadwa kwazinthu zitha kutenga gawo lalikulu pakuchepetsa mtima komanso kuzengereza, machitidwe ndi mtundu wa zoyambitsa komanso mphotho zimathandizanso kukulitsa zizolowezi zoterezi."
Mfundo ziwiri zofunika: 1) anthu omwe adafunsidwa sanapemphedwe kuti apewe maliseche kapena kugonana - zolaula zokha, ndi 2) anthu omwe adafunsidwawo sanali ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso kapena osokoneza bongo. Zomwe zapezekazi zikuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti zolaula za pa intaneti ndi chinthu chapadera komanso champhamvu kwambiri , chomwe chingathe kusintha zomwe ofufuza ankaganiza kuti ndi khalidwe lachibadwa. Kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu:
"Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndi mphotho yakugonana yomwe imathandizira kuchedwetsa kuchotsera mosiyana ndi mphotho zina zachilengedwe, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito sikokakamiza kapena kosokoneza bongo. Kafukufukuyu akuthandizira kwambiri, kuwonetsa kuti zotsatira zake zimangodutsa kudzutsa kwakanthawi. ”
Monga momwe anthu ambirimbiri oyambitsanso chizolowezi chawo avumbulira , kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kungakhudze zambiri kuposa kugonana kwa munthu. Kuchokera pa mfundo ya kafukufukuyu:
"Kuonera zolaula kungapereke chisangalalo chogonana nthawi yomweyo koma kungakhale ndi zotsatira zomwe zimadutsa ndikukhudza madera ena a moyo wa munthu, makamaka maubwenzi. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwona zolaula ngati njira yapadera yolimbikitsira maphunziro a mphotho, chilakolako, ndi kuledzera ndikugwiritsa ntchito izi moyenera pakuchiza munthu payekha komanso ubale ."
Phunziroli lilinso ndi zokambirana zothandiza pantchito ya dopamine ndi machitidwe oyendetsedwa ndi chidwi. Kuphatikiza apo, imapereka kafukufuku wambiri pazifukwa zakugonana ndi njira zapaintaneti (zachilendo zonse) zimafuna kulingalira mwapadera. Mwa chisinthiko, mwayi wopulumuka wochotsera kuchotsera chilakolako chogonana ungakhale kulimbikitsa nyama kuti '' zizikhala bwino, '' ndikupatsirana chibadwa chawo.
Monga ofufuza adati,
"Zithunzi zolaula palokha zitha kukhala zopanda vuto koma, tikapatsidwa zomwe tikudziwa za mphotho ndi kukula kwa kugonana monga mphotho yachilengedwe komanso chisonkhezero chowoneka bwino, imakhalanso ndi chizolowezi chomangokhala osokoneza bongo."
Ofufuzawa ananeneratu kuti zolaula zingapangitse zifukwa za 3 kuti:
- Zofuna zogonana zingakhale zamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo zakhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa mu kafukufuku wakale
- Kuonera zithunzi zolaula kumakhala kosavuta kumenyana kwenikweni, kungakhale kozoloŵera, ndipo munthu amene ali ndi vutoli akhoza kukhala wosangalala
- Zosangalatsa zonse za intaneti zingachititse kuti anthu azikakamizidwa mobwerezabwereza komanso kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi (kuchepetsa kuchitapo kanthu, kuyendetsa chosowa cholimbikitsa)
Pomaliza, popeza nkhani zambiri zinali zidakali zaunyamata, pali kukambirana mwachidule momwe achinyamata angakhalire pachiwopsezo chapadera cha zotsatira za zolaula pa intaneti.
"Ponena za zitsanzo zamakono za ophunzira aku koleji (azaka zapakati pa 19 ndi 20), ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti, mwachilengedwe, unyamata umafikira pafupifupi zaka 25. Achinyamata amawonetsa chidwi chochulukirapo komanso samadana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka, kuwapangitsa kukhala ochulukirapo atengeke. ”
Kudalirika
J Sex Res. 2015 Ogasiti 25:1-12.
Negash S 1 , Sheppard NV , Lambert NM , Fincham FD.
Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndimakampani opanga mabiliyoni ambiri omwe akupezeka mosavuta. Kuchotsera mochedwa kumaphatikizapo kutsika pamtengo waukulu, pambuyo pake kulandira mphotho zazing'ono, zomwe zingachitike mwachangu. Kukhazikika kwanthawi zonse komanso kutsogola kwa zoyipa zakugonana monga mphotho zamphamvu zachilengedwe zimapangitsa kuti zolaula za pa intaneti zikhale zoyambitsa mphotho muubongo, potero zimakhala ndi tanthauzo pakupanga zisankho. Kutengera maphunziro a chiphunzitso cha psychology ndi neuroeconomics, kafukufuku awiri adayesa lingaliro loti kuwonera zolaula pa intaneti kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwakuchedwa kuchotsera.
Phunzirani 1 ntchito yopanga utoto wautali. Ophunzirawo adamaliza zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito mafunso komanso ntchito yowonongeka ku Time 1 ndipo kenaka patatha milungu inayi. Otsatira omwe akuwonetsa zolaula zoyambirira zikugwiritsidwa ntchito akuwonetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa chiwongoladzanja pa Time 2, kuyang'anira kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa.
Phunzirani 2 kuyesedwa mwachidwi ndi kapangidwe koyesera. Ophunzirawo anapatsidwa mwayi wopewera zakudya zomwe amakonda kapena zolaula kwa milungu itatu. Ophunzira omwe adapewa zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kusiyana ndi ophunzira omwe adasiya zakudya zomwe amakonda. Zomwe akupezazi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula pa intaneti ndi mphoto ya kugonana yomwe imapangitsa kuchedwa kuchotsa mosiyana kusiyana ndi mphoto zina zachilengedwe. Maphunziro a zokhudzana ndi maphunzirowa akufotokozedwa.