Kufufuza Kwambiri ndi Nkhani Zokhudza Maphunziro

Pansi pa introwu wautaliwu muli magawo ambiri omwe ali ndi maphunziro oyenera.

Kafukufuku Woyenera - choyamba tili ndi mndandanda wa maphunziro omwe amathandizira zomwe YBOP ikunena. (Onani Kafukufuku Wokayikitsa & Wosocheretsa kuti mupeze mapepala ofalitsidwa kwambiri omwe si omwe amati ndi omwe ali.):

  1. Kugonana ndi kugonana / kugonana? Tsambali likulemba Maphunziro opitilira 60 otengera neuroscience (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, mahomoni). Zonse koma zimapereka chithandizo cha mtundu wa zosokoneza bongo chifukwa zomwe apeza zikuwonetsa zomwe amapeza mu maphunziro a zosokoneza bongo.
  2. Malingaliro enieni a akatswiri okhudzana ndi zolaula / kugonana? Mndandanda uwu uli Ndemanga za 34 zaposachedwa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi ma neuroscience & ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Zonse zothandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
  3. Zizindikiro za kuledzera ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri? Zofufuza za 60 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (Zizindikiro zonse ndi zodabwitsazi). Tsamba lowonjezera ndi Kafukufuku 14 wofotokoza zizindikiro zochotsa zolaula.
  4. Kodi munthu amadziwa bwanji? Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda atsopano woyenera kuchita zachiwerewere: "Kusokoneza Magwiridwe Ogonana. "
  5. Kulingalira mfundo yosalimbikitsidwa yolankhulidwa yakuti "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana" akufotokozera zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana: Kafukufuku wopitilira 25 amanamizira kuti zachiwerewere & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana"
  6. Zolaula ndi zogonana? Mndandandawu uli ndi zofufuza zoposa 50 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula / zolaula ku mavuto a kugonana ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. The Zotsatira za 7 zoyambirira mumndandanda ukuwonetsa zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana.
  7. Zotsatira za zovuta pazoyanjana? Kufufuza kwa 80 kumalumikiza zolaula kumagwiritsa ntchito anthu osauka ogonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale. Monga momwe ife tikudziwira onse Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna adanena za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zambiri zogwirizana osauka kugonana kapena kukhutira ndi ubale. Ngakhale kafukufuku wina sanena kwenikweni zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa azimayi pakukhutira ndi kugonana kwaubwenzi, ambiri do Nenani zoyipa: Maphunziro a zochitika zokhudzana ndi akazi: Zopweteka pa kukwatira, kukondweretsa kugonana, ndi maubwenzi
  8. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji maganizo ndi maganizo? Pazofufuza za 90 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito thanzi lawo lamaganizidwe am'maganizo & zotsatira zosazindikira zamavuto.
  9. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji zikhulupiliro, malingaliro ndi makhalidwe? Onani maphunziro aumwini - Phunziro la 40 limagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito "maganizo osagwirizana" kwa amayi ndi malingaliro ogonana - kapena chidule chochokera mu kusinkhasinkha kwa meta kwa 2016 kwa maphunziro 135: Media ndi Sexualization: Boma la Kafukufuku Wofufuza, 1995-2015. Chidule:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kupanga kafukufuku woyeserera zotsatira za kugonana kwa atolankhani. Cholinga chachikulu chinali pa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini owunikiranso a Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015. Mabuku 109 omwe anali ndi maphunziro 135 adawunikidwanso . Zomwe zapezekazi zidapereka umboni wokhazikika wakuti kuwonetsedwa m'ma laboratories komanso kuwonetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku pazinthu izi kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kusakhutira kwa thupi, kudziona ngati wopanda pake, kuthandizira kwambiri zikhulupiriro zachigololo komanso zikhulupiriro zotsutsana ndi kugonana, komanso kulekerera kwambiri nkhanza zogonana kwa akazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetsedwa m'zinthu izi kumachititsa akazi ndi amuna kukhala ndi malingaliro ochepa pa luso la akazi, makhalidwe abwino, ndi umunthu.

  1. Nanga bwanji za chiwerewere ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula? Kufufuza kwina: Meta-Kuonongeka kwa Kuonera Zolaula Ntchito ndi Zoona Zochitika Zachiwerewere mu Zophunzira Zambiri za Anthu (2015). Chidule:

Kafukufuku 22 wochokera kumayiko 7 osiyanasiyana adawunikidwa . Kudya mopitirira muyeso kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhanza zogonana ku United States ndi padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana komanso a nthawi yayitali. Mayanjano anali olimba kwambiri pa nkhanza zolankhulidwa kuposa zogonana, ngakhale zonse ziwiri zinali zofunika. Kachitidwe ka zotsatira kakusonyeza kuti zachiwawa zitha kukhala chinthu chowonjezera.

“Koma kodi zolaula sizinagwiritse ntchito kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa?” Ayi, kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kwakhala kukukwera m'zaka zaposachedwa: “ Kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kukukwera, choncho musanyalanyaze nkhani zolimbikitsa zolaula .” Onani tsamba lino kuti mupeze maphunziro opitilira 110 ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana, kukakamiza & chiwawa , komanso kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa zomwe zimabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti kupezeka kwa zolaula kwapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chichepe.

  1. Bwanji za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi achinyamata? Onani mndandanda wa pa maphunziro a achinyamata a 280, kapena ndemanga izi zazinthu: ndemanga # 1, ndemanga2, ndemanga # 3, ndemanga # 4, ndemanga # 5, ndemanga # 6, ndemanga # 7, ndemanga # 8, ndemanga # 9, ndemanga # 10, ndemanga # 11, ndemanga # 12, ndemanga # 13, ndemanga # 14, ndemanga # 15, kuwunika # 16, kuwunika # 17. Kuyambira pamapeto a 2012 kafukufuku wa kafukufuku - Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti pa Achinyamata: Kupenda kafukufuku:

Kuwonjezeka kwa mwayi wopeza intaneti kwa achinyamata kwapanga mwayi wosayerekezeka wophunzitsa za kugonana, kuphunzira, ndi kukula. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka chomwe chikuwonekera m'mabukuwa chapangitsa ofufuza kufufuza za achinyamata omwe amaonera zolaula pa intaneti pofuna kufotokoza ubale umenewu. Pamodzi, maphunzirowa akusonyeza kuti achinyamata omwe amaonera zolaula akhoza kukhala ndi zikhulupiriro ndi malingaliro osayenera okhudza kugonana. Pakati pa zomwe zapezeka, kuchuluka kwa malingaliro ogonana olekerera, kuganizira kwambiri za kugonana, komanso kuyesa koyambirira kwa kugonana kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi…. Komabe, zomwe zapezeka nthawi zonse zapezeka zikugwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata zomwe zikuwonetsa zachiwawa ndi kuchuluka kwa khalidwe lankhanza la kugonana.

Zolemba zimasonyezanso ubale wina pakati pa achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Atsikana akuti amadziona kuti ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi azimayi omwe amawaona pazolaula, pomwe anyamata amawopa kuti mwina sangakhale ovutitsidwa kapena otha kuchita ngati abambo pazosezi. Achinyamata amanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunachepa pamene kudzidalira kwawo komanso chitukuko cha anthu zikuchulukirachulukira. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, makamaka omwe amapezeka pa intaneti, ali ndi magawo ocheperako ogwirizanitsidwa ndi anzawo, amawonjezeka pamavuto azikhalidwe, machitidwe apamwamba onyenga, kuchuluka kwa zisonyezo zokhumudwitsa, ndikuchepetsa mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi omwe akuwasamalira.

  1. Kodi maphunziro onse si correlative? Ayi: Pa maphunziro a 90 akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti & kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuchititsa zotsatira zoyipa & zizindikilo, ndikusintha kwa ubongo.

Kuti mufotokoze mwachidule mfundo zonse zomwe anthu ambiri amalankhula komanso kafukufuku wosankhidwa bwino onani ndemanga iyi: Kufotokoza “ N’chifukwa Chiyani Tikuda Nkhawa Kwambiri Zokhudza Kuonera Zolaula ?”, lolembedwa ndi Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause (2018) . Momwe mungazindikire nkhani zokondera: Amatchula Prause et al ., 2015 (akunena zabodza kuti zimasonyeza chizolowezi choonera zolaula), pomwe akusiya maphunziro oposa 50 a ubongo omwe amalimbikitsa chizolowezi choonera zolaula . Kuti mumvetse bwino maulaliki ofotokoza nthano zambiri zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi ofufuza kapena olemba mabulogu okonda zolaula, onani makanema awiri abwino kwambiri a Gabe Deem: “ MFUNDO ZA ZOLAULA – Chowonadi Chokhudza Kuledzera Ndi Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Kugonana ” , ndi “ Buku Losewerera Zolaula: Kukana, Kusazindikira ndi Kunyoza ”.

Zambiri pazoledzeretsa

Kumvetsetsa chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti kumatanthauza kumvetsetsa njira zoledzera. Zoledzera zonse zimalanda ma neurocircuitry omwewo, omwe amayendetsa ma neurochemicals omwewo (ngakhale kuti chizolowezi chilichonse chimaphatikizaponso ma neural circuits owonjezera ndi ma neurochemicals omwe amasiyana pakati pa zizolowezi).

Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akuwonetsa kuti zizolowezi za khalidwe ( kusuta chakudya , kutchova njuga , masewera apakanema , kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi chizolowezi chogonana ) ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimagawana njira zambiri zofanana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu mu kapangidwe ka ubongo ndi kapangidwe kake.

Izi sizodabwitsa chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amangowonjezera kapena kuletsa ntchito zomwe zilipo kale. Njira yeniyeni yomwe mankhwala amasinthira ntchito ya maselo imatchedwa "njira yake yogwirira ntchito". Mankhwala onse ndi machitidwe omwe angayambitse chizolowezi amagawana njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yogwirira ntchito: kukweza dopamine mu nucleus accumbens (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa malo olipira). Poganizira za kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa sayansi, zotsutsa za njira yogwiritsira ntchito chizolowezi chogonana ndizosamveka komanso zakale ( ndipo palibe maphunziro omwe adatsimikizirabe kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito chizolowezi chogonana ndi yolakwika ). Ndemanga zaposachedwa za mabuku ndi ndemanga zikugwirizana mokwanira ndi mfundo iyi:

  1. Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Kubwereza ndi Zipatala zapadera (2016) - Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa mabuku okhudzana ndi zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula. Kuphatikiza madotolo apamadzi aku US ndi Gary Wilson, kuwunikaku kumapereka zidziwitso zaposachedwa kwambiri zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwuka kwakukulu pamavuto achichepere achichepere. Imawunikiranso maphunziro amitsempha okhudzana ndi zolaula komanso zolaula kudzera pa intaneti. Madotolo amapereka malipoti azachipatala a 3 azamuna omwe adayamba zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zogonana. Pepala lachiwiri la 2016 lolembedwa ndi Gary Wilson limafotokoza zakufunika kophunzirira zomwe zolaula zimachitika chifukwa chopewa zolaula: Kuthana ndi Mavuto Osavuta Kwambiri Kuonera Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Kuulula Zotsatira Zake (2016).
  2. Onani pepala ili la 2015 ndi madokotala awiri: Kulimbana ndi Kugonana monga Matenda: Umboni Wowunika, Kuzindikira, ndi Kuyankha kwa Otsutsa (2015), zomwe zimapereka tchati zomwe zimatengera zifukwa zenizeni ndikupereka ndemanga zomwe zimatsutsana nazo.
  3. Kuti muwone bwinobwino zolemba zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo zokhudzana ndi machitidwe ozunguza bongo pa intaneti, ndikuganizira kwambiri za chizoloŵezi cha zolaula pa intaneti, onani - Katswiri wa sayansi ya zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti: Kukonzanso ndi Kuonjezera (2015). Ndemangayi ikuwunikiranso maphunziro awiri aposachedwa a EEG omwe amatenga "zolaula". (Onani tsamba ili pofufuza ndi kufufuza maphunziro okayikitsa ndi osocheretsa)
  4. Kugonana kwa pa Intaneti (2015) Zowonjezera: M'nkhani zam'mbuyo zatsopano, kugwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti pa Intaneti kumatengedwa ngati mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kafukufuku wina wamakono akufufuzira kufanana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe a cybersex ndi zizoloŵezi zina za makhalidwe, monga Internet Gaming Disorder. Kukonzekera-kukwaniritsa ndi kukhumba kumaonedwa kuti kumachita mbali yaikulu pa kugonana kwa kugonana ndi kugonana. Maphunziro a Neuroimaging amachirikiza kuganiza kwa zochitika zogwirizana pakati pa kugonana kwa ma cybersex ndi zina zoledzera komanso kukhala wodalirika.
  5. Phunziro lalifupi - Nthenda ya Neurobiology ya Kugonana Kwachinyengo: Sayansi Yoyambira (2016) - zomwe zinamaliza: "Kuperekedwa zofanana pakati pa CSB ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zochitika Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungakhale ndi lonjezo kwa CSB, motero kupereka kuzindikira zam'tsogolo za kafufuzidwe kuti afufuze izi mwachindunji. "
  6. Kupenda kwa 2016 za khalidwe lochita zachiwerewere (CSB) - Kodi khalidwe loyenera la kugonana liyenera kuonedwa kuti ndiloledwetsa? (2016) - anamaliza kuti: "Zikuphatikizana zilipo pakati pa CSB ndi matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala. Machitidwe omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asagwiritse ntchito matendawa amathandizira CSB ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, ndipo kafukufuku wam'tsogolo watsopano akuwonetsa kufanana komwe kumakhudzana ndi chilakolako ndi kukonda. " Zindikirani: ambiri mwa sayansi yotsimikizira kuti kuli "kugwiritsira ntchito chiwerewere" kumachokera ku maphunziro a ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, osati oledzera. Kusokoneza chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti ndi chizolowezi chogonana kumachepetsa pepala.
  7. Mchitidwe Wogonana Wosakakamizidwa Monga Khalidwe Lodalirika: Zotsatira za intaneti ndi Mavuto Ena (2016). Zowonjezera: "Kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu kumafunika pa zida za intaneti monga izi zingathandize kuti anthu azigonana.” ndi “Umboni wa zachipatala kuchokera kwa omwe amathandiza ndi kuchitira anthu oterewa ayenera kupatsidwa ulemu waukulu ndi gulu la maganizo. "
  8. Ngakhale kuti mawu oti "kugonana" akuyenera kutayidwa, izi ndizosankhidwa bwino kwambiri ndi Max Planck neuroscientists Mavuto Okhudza Kusayirira Maganizo (2016). Chidule: "Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, zikuoneka kuti umboniwu umatanthauza kuti kusintha kwapadera, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, ndi ubongo zomwe zimapanga mphoto zimathandiza kwambiri pa chiwerewere. Kafukufuku wa mafupa ndi njira za njira zachipatala zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa zimasonyeza kuti dopaminergic imagwira ntchito."
  9. Kufufuzira momveka bwino m'madzi a matope: Zotsatira zamtsogolo zotsatsa khalidwe lachiwerewere ngati choledzeretsa (2016) - Zolemba: Posachedwapa tafufuza umboni wosiyanitsa khalidwe lachiwerewere (CSB) monga chizoloŵezi chosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kupenda kwathu kunapeza kuti CSB inagwirizana ndi matenda, neurobiological ndi zozizwitsa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi vuto la kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala. Ngakhale kuti American Psychiatric Association inakana matenda a hypersexual kuchokera ku DSM-5, matenda a CSB (kugonana kwambiri) akhoza kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ICD-10. CSB ikuganiziranso ndi ICD-11.
  10. Kuphatikiza mfundo za maganizo ndi zokhudzana ndi ubongo zokhudzana ndi chitukuko ndi kukonzanso mavuto ena ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti: Kuyanjanitsa kwa Munthu-Kuzindikira-Kutengera chitsanzo (2016) - Kuwunika njira zothandizira ndikukonzekera mavuto ena ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti, kuphatikizapo "Internet-pornography-viewing disorder". Olemba amanena kuti kuonera zolaula (ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mowa mwauchidakwa) kumatchulidwa ngati vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndikuikidwa ndi zizoloŵezi zina zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito matenda osokoneza bongo.
  11. Kugonana kwachiwerewere chaputala kuchokera ku Neurobiology of Addictions, Oxford Press (2016) - Ndemanga: Timayang'anitsitsa chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi cha ubongo, kuphatikizapo chizoloŵezi chachilengedwe kapena kukakamizidwa, ndikukambirana momwe izi zikukhudzira kumvetsa kwathu tsopano za kugonana monga mphotho yachilengedwe yomwe ingakhale yogwira ntchito "yosamvetseka" pamoyo wa munthu.
  12. Katswiri wa Sayansi Akuyandikira Kuonera Zolaula pa Intaneti (2017) - Ndemanga: Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, maphunziro angapo omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu a sayansi, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afufuze zithunzi za zithunzi zolaula pansi pa zochitika zowonongeka ndipo zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zammbuyo, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula mochuluka kungagwirizane ndi njira zodziŵika bwino za sayansi ya ubongo zomwe zimayambitsa kulumikiza kwa mankhwala oledzera.
  13. Kodi kugonana koopsa kwambiri ndi matenda osokoneza bongo? (2017) - Zolemba: Kafufuzidwe ka matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azichita zachiwerewere amachititsa kuti anthu asamangokhalira kugonana, athandizidwe, komanso kuti asinthe maganizo awo.. Timakhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana monga matenda ozunguza bongo akugwirizana ndi deta yam'tsogolo ndipo akhoza kuthandiza madokotala, ochita kafukufuku, komanso anthu omwe akuvutika ndi matendawa.
  14. Nthenda ya Neurobiology ya Zolaula Kuledzera - Kupenda kwachipatala (De Sousa & Lodha, 2017) - Zolemba: Zonsezi, zida za 59 zinazindikiranso zomwe zinaphatikizapo ndemanga, ndemanga za mini ndi zolemba zoyambirira zofufuza pa zolaula, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso matenda a ubongo. Mapepala a kafukufuku omwe anawongosoledwa apa anali okhudzana ndi zomwe zinawonekera kuti zikhale zovuta zolaula. Izi zinaonjezeredwa ndi zochitika zachipatala za olemba omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi odwala kumene kuwonetsa zolaula ndi kuwona ndi chizindikiro chowopsya.
  15. Umboni wa Pudding Ndi Wotsekemera: Deta Ndizofunika Kuyesera Zitsanzo ndi Malingaliro Okhudzana ndi Kugonana Kwachinyengo (2018) - Zolemba: Zina mwa maudindo omwe angasonyeze kuti kufanana pakati pa CSB ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndi maphunziro okhudza ubongo, ndi maphunziro angapo aposachedwapa omwe sanathenso ndi Walton et al. (2017). Kafukufuku woyambirira nthawi zambiri amayesa CSB pokhudzana ndi mitundu ya zosokoneza bongo (zowunikidwa ku Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016b).
  16. Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro, magawo, chithandizo, ndi ndondomeko za ndondomeko Ndemanga pa: Kukhumudwa kwa khalidwe la kugonana mu ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018) - Zolemba: Zomwe zikuchitika pakusintha matenda a CSB monga vuto lakutetezera ndizovuta monga zitsanzo zina zomwe zasankhidwa (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Pali deta yosonyeza kuti CSB imagawana zinthu zambiri ndi zizolowezi zoledzera (Kraus et al., 2016), kuphatikizapo deta zam'tsogolo zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonjezereka kwa machitidwe a ubongo okhudzana ndi mphoto poyankhidwa ndi zovuta zowononga (Mtundu, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014.
  17. Mchitidwe Wogonana Wosakanikirana ndi Anthu Ndiponso Zitsanzo Zogonana (2018) - Zolemba: Khalidwe lachiwerewere lachiwerewere (CSB) likuwoneka kuti ndi "khalidwe loledzera," ndipo ndilo vuto lalikulu kwa moyo wa umoyo komanso thanzi labwino. Pomalizira, ndemangayi inafotokozera mwachidule maphunziro ndi zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu pa CSB komanso kusokonezeka ndi mavuto ena, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pamodzi, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti CSB imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kogwiritsidwa ntchito kogwiritsidwa ntchito kogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amygdala, striatum, ndi thalamus, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kugwirizana pakati pa amygdala ndi prefrontal cortex.
  18. Mavuto Ogonana pa Intaneti Nthawi (2018) - Ndemanga: Pakati pa zizoloŵezi zoipa, kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti molakwika ndi kuwonetsa zolaula pa Intaneti zimatchulidwa kuti zingakhale zovuta zowononga kugonana, nthawi zambiri popanda malire enieni pakati pa zochitika ziwirizi. Ogwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti amakopeka ndi zolaula pa intaneti chifukwa cha kudziwika kwake, kukwanitsa, ndi kukwaniritsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kungapangitse owerenga kugwiritsa ntchito chizoloŵezi cha kugonana ndi anthu pa Intaneti: M'mabuku amenewa, ogwiritsa ntchito amaiwala kwambiri "kusintha" kwa kugonana, kupeza chisangalalo chochulukira pa zosankha zofuna kugonana zofuna kugonana kusiyana ndi kugonana.
  19. Njira zokhudzana ndi kugonana mwachisawawa (2018) - Ndemanga: Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wochuluka wokhudzana ndi chiwerewere wakhala akupereka njira zowonongeka zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azigonana komanso asamadwale. Mchitidwe wogonana mwachinyengo umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa ntchito m'madera a ubongo ndi magulu okhudzidwa ndi kuwalimbikitsa, kuzoloŵera, kusokoneza maganizo, ndi kupindula mphoto muzochitika ngati zinthu, kutchova juga, ndi zizoloŵezi zosewera. Zigawo zazikulu za ubongo zogwirizana ndi zigawo za CSB zikuphatikizapo ma cortices oyang'anizana ndi am'mbuyo, amygdala, ndi striatum, kuphatikizapo nucleus accumbens.
  20. Kumvetsetsa Kwambiri za Khalidwe Lopanda Nzeru za Kugonana Kwachidakwa ndi Zovuta Zolaula Gwiritsani ntchito (2018) - Ndemanga: Kafukufuku wam'mbuyo posachedwapa wavumbula kuti kugonana kosayenera kumagwirizanitsa ndi kusintha kwa kugonana ndi kusiyana kwa ubongo ndi ntchito. Ngakhale kuti maphunziro ofufuza a khungu la CSBD akhala akuchitidwa mpaka pano, deta yomwe ilipo imasonyeza kuti vuto la nthenda ya sayansi limagwirizana nawo ndi zina zowonjezera monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kutchova njuga. Motero, deta yomwe ilipo ikusonyeza kuti zigawo zake zingakhale zoyenera monga chizolowezi chogonana m'malo mwa vuto lodziletsa.
  21. Ventral Striatal Kuchita Zowonongeka M'zochita Zogonana Zogonana (2018) - Ndemanga: Pakati pa maphunziro omwe alipo, tinapeza mabuku asanu ndi anayi (Table 1) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito maginito opanga masomphenya. Zinayi zokha (36-39) adafufuzidwa mosamalitsa kutsata ndondomeko zowonongeka ndi / kapena mphotho ndipo adawonetsa zotsatira zokhudzana ndi ventral striatum activations. Kafukufuku katatu akuwonetsa kuwonjezereka kwa chiwopsezo chogonjetsa kuti chikhale choyambitsa chisokonezo (36-39) kapena kutchula zowonongeka (36-39). Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi Mfundo Yotsitsimula (IST) (28), imodzi mwa machitidwe otchuka kwambiri kufotokozera ubongo kugwira ntchito moledzeretsa.
  22. Kugonjetsa Kwachinyamata pa Intaneti: Zimene Timadziwa ndi Zimene Sitikuzidziwa-Kusanthula Kwambiri (2019) - Ndemanga: Monga momwe tikudziwira, kafukufuku wina wam'mbuyomu akuthandizira gululi kukhala chidakwa ndi mawonetseredwe ofunikira ofunikira monga kusokonezeka kwa kugonana ndi kusakhutira kwa kugonana. Ntchito zambiri zomwe zikupezekapo zimachokera ku kafukufuku wofanana ndi wochitidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro owonetsa zithunzi zolaula monga "supranormal stimulus" mofanana ndi chinthu chenichenicho chomwe, kupyolera mukudya, chingayambitse matenda osokoneza bongo.
  23. Zochitika ndi chitukuko cha kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti: zifukwa zomwe munthu angagwiritsidwe nazo, kulimbitsa njira ndi njira zodzikongoletsera (2019) - Ndemanga: Kuonera zolaula kwanthawi yaitali kwachititsa kuti anthu oterewa adziwe zolaula zowononga zolaula, zomwe zachititsa kuti zikhale zolakalaka kwambiri, kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti pazifukwa ziwiri zomwe zimayesedwa ndi kuwonongeka. Lingaliro la kukhutira komwe linapindulidwa kuchokera kwa ilo likufooka ndi lofooka, kotero zolaula zambiri pa intaneti zikufunikira kuti zikhale ndi maganizo oyamba m'maganizo ndi kukhala oledzera.
  24. Malingaliro, kupewa, ndi kuchiza matenda osokoneza bongo (2019) - Ndemanga: Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta, aphatikizidwa ku ICD-11 ngati chisokonezo cholamulira chisokonezo. Njira zodziwitsira za matendawa, komabe, ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka chifukwa cha zizolowezi…
  25. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zazovuta - Ndemanga: Kugwiritsa ntchito mwazovuta zolaula kumawoneka ngati kogwirizana ndi magawo angapo osanthula ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana munyama. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka mkati mwa RDoC paradigm zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndizotheka kupanga mawonekedwe ogwirizana omwe magawo osiyanasiyana a kusanthula amakhudzana wina ndi mzake (mkuyu. 1). Kusintha kwamachitidwe amkati ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi SPPPU ndiwofanana ndi zomwe zimawonedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zosokoneza bongo, ndi mapu okhala mitundu yazosokoneza.
  26. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cybersex: kuwunikira mwachidule za chitukuko ndi chithandizo cha matenda omwe akungochitika kumene (2020) - Zolemba: CKuledzera kwa ybersex ndichizolowezi chosagwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugonana pa intaneti. Masiku ano, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi kugonana kapena zolaula zimapezeka mosavuta kudzera pa intaneti. Ku Indonesia, zogonana nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zolaula koma achinyamata ambiri amakhala ndi zolaula. Zimatha kuyambitsa chizolowezi chokhala ndi zovuta zambiri pa ogwiritsa ntchito, monga maubale, ndalama, komanso mavuto amisala monga nkhawa yayikulu komanso nkhawa.
  27. Ndi Zinthu Ziti Zomwe Tiyenera Kuziwona Monga Zovuta M'gulu Lapadziko Lonse La Matenda (ICD-11) Kutchulidwa kwa "Zovuta Zina Zina Zotchulidwa Chifukwa Cha Zovuta Zowonjezera"? (2020) - Zolemba: Zambiri zodziwonetsa nokha, zomwe zimachitika, ma electrophysiological, ndi maphunziro a neuroimaging zimawonetsa zochitika zamaganizidwe am'munsi komanso zosakanikirana za neural zomwe zafufuzidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa madigiri osiyanasiyana amisala yosokoneza bongo ndi zovuta zamtundu wa masewera (gawo 3). Makhalidwe omwe adawonetsedwa m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu amaphatikizanso kukonzekera komanso kukhumba komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi zochitika zambiri mu ubongo zokhudzana ndi mphotho, kusamala kwatsoka, kupanga zisankho zosasangalatsa, komanso (zoyipa).
  28. Chizolowezi Chomwe Amachita Pazokakamiza Kugonana Ndi Zovuta Zogwiritsa Ntchito Paintaneti: Kubwereza - Zolemba: Zotsatira zomwe zapezeka zikusonyeza kuti pali zinthu zingapo za CSBD ndi POPU zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zizolowezi zosokoneza bongo, ndikuti njira zothandizira pakulimbana ndi zizolowezi zamankhwala osokoneza bongo zimafunikira kulingalira zakusintha ndikugwiritsa ntchito pothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi CSBD ndi POPU…. Nthenda ya neurobiology ya POPU ndi CSBD imakhudza maulalo angapo omwe amagawana za neuroanatomical omwe ali ndi zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, njira zofananira zamankhwala am'mitsempha, komanso zosintha zama neurophysiological mu dongosolo la mphotho ya dopamine.
  29. Makhalidwe ogonana osakwanira: tanthauzo, zochitika zamankhwala, mbiri ya neurobiological ndi chithandizo (2020) - Zolemba: Zizolowezi zolaula, ngakhale ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogonana, zimakhalabe zizolowezi zachiwerewere… .Kuimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi kwa zizolowezi zolaula kumabweretsa mavuto m'maganizo, chisangalalo, komanso kukondana komanso kugonana ... .Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mozama kumathandizira kuyambika kwamalingaliro zovuta ndi zovuta zamaubwenzi…
  30. Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kuphatikizidwa pamiyeso yokhudzana ndi zovuta zakugonana? (2020) - Zolemba: Gulu la CSBD ngati vuto lowongolera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azilingalira. … Kafukufuku wowonjezerapo atha kuthandiza kuwunika mtundu woyenera wa CSBD monga zidachitikira ndi vuto la kutchova juga, kusinthidwa kuchokera pagulu lazovuta zakuwongolera zomwe sizikuyenda kapena zosokoneza mu DSM-5 ndi ICD-11. … Kutengeka mtima sikungatithandizire kukhala ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula monga ena afotokozera (Bőthe et al., 2019).
  31. Kupanga zisankho mu Kutchova Juga, Zovuta Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito, ndi Binge-Eating Disorder: Zofanana ndi Kusiyana (2021) - Zolemba: Zofanana pakati pa CSBD ndi zosokoneza bongo zafotokozedwa, ndikulephera kuwongolera, kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza ngakhale zitakhala zovuta, komanso zizolowezi zosankha zowopsa zitha kugawidwa (37••, 40). Anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta izi nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kuwongolera kuzindikira komanso kupanga zisankho zoyipa [12, 15,16,17]. Zofooka pakupanga zisankho komanso kuphunzira mozindikira zolinga zapezeka pamavuto osiyanasiyana.
  32. Njira zamaganizidwe zokhudzana ndi zovuta zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (PPU): Kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kwamaphunziro oyesera (2021) - Zolemba: M'mapepala apano, timawunika ndikupanga umboni wochokera ku kafukufuku wa 21 wofufuza momwe zimakhalira PPU. Mwachidule, PPU imagwirizana: kuyesa kukumbukira kukumbukira, ndi (d) kuwonongeka kwa zisankho.

Kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo kunayi kumakhudzana ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso khalidwe, monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu pepalali lomwe lafalitsidwa chaka chino mu The New England Journal of Medicine : “ Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016) ”. Ndemanga yofunika kwambiri iyi yochitidwa ndi Director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) George F. Koob , ndi director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Nora D. Volkow , sikuti imangofotokoza kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zizolowezi, komanso imanenanso m'ndime yake yoyamba kuti chizolowezi chogonana chilipo:

"Timaganiza kuti sayansi ya ubongo ikupitirizabe kuthandizira chitsanzo cha matenda a ubongo a chizolowezi. Kafukufuku wa sayansi ya ubongo m'derali samangopereka mwayi watsopano wopewera ndi kuchiza zizolowezi zoledzeretsa ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi khalidwe (monga chakudya, kugonana , ndi kutchova juga)…."

Mwachidule, komanso mwachidule, kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha chizolowezi ndi: 1) Kuzindikira , 2) Kuchepetsa chidwi , 3) Ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino (kusaganizira bwino), 4) Ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino . Kusintha konseku kwa ubongo kwapezeka pakati pa maphunziro opitilira 55 ozikidwa pa sayansi ya ubongo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana :

  1. Kusintha (cue-reactivity & cravings): Maseketi amaubongo omwe amatenga nawo gawo pakulimbikitsa ndi kufunafuna mphotho amakhala osakhudzidwa ndikukumbukira kapena malingaliro okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chomachita izi. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezera "kufuna" kapena kukhumba pamene kukonda kapena zosangalatsa zimachepa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kutsegula kompyuta, kuona pulogalamuyo, kapena kukhala nokha, zimayambitsa zovuta kwambiri kuti musanyalanyaze zolaula. Ena amafotokoza zolaula zowonongeka monga 'kulowa mumtsinje womwe umatha kuthawa: zolaula'. Mwinamwake mumamva kugunda mofulumizitsa, mwamphamvu, ngakhale kunjenjemera, ndi zonse zomwe mungaganize ndikugwiritsira ntchito tsamba lanu lokonda kujambula. Maphunziro okhudzidwa ndi kuwonetsa zochitika kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito-kuyanjanitsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / olowerera kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
  2. Kusintha (kuchepa kwamalingaliro a mphotho & kulolerana): Izi zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwakanthawi kwamankhwala ndi kapangidwe kamene kamasiya munthuyo osaganizira zosangalatsa. Kutaya chilakolako nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza kukhala ololera, komwe ndikofunikira kwa mlingo wapamwamba kapena kukakamiza kwakukulu kuti athandize yankho lomwelo. Anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amathera nthawi yochuluka pa intaneti, akuwonjezera nthawi yokambirana, kuyang'ana pamene sakuchita maliseche, kapena kufunafuna vidiyo yangwiro kuthetsa. Kukhalitsa maganizo kungathenso kuwonjezereka kwa mitundu yatsopano, nthawi zina movuta komanso mlendo, kapena ngakhale kusokoneza. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mantha, kudabwa kapena nkhawa zimatha kukweza dopamine ndikuletsa kugonana. Kafukufuku wina amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "chikhalidwe" - zomwe zingaphatikizepo njira zophunzirira kapena njira zowonongeka. Zofukufuku zomwe zimafotokoza kuti anthu akusowa chilakolako kapena chizoloŵezi cha anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogwiritsira ntchito kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
  3. Maulendo osayenerera operewera (kufooketsa mphamvu + ya hyper-reactivity to cues): Kugwira ntchito koyipa koyambirira kwa kotekisi kapena kusintha kwamalumikizidwe pakati pa dongosolo la mphotho ndi preortalal cortex kumapangitsa kuti muchepetse kuwongolera, koma zilakolako zazikulu zogwiritsa ntchito. Maseketi osagwira ntchito amawonetsa ngati kumverera kuti magawo awiri aubongo wanu akuchita nawo nkhondo. Njira zolimbikitsira anthu akufuula 'Inde!' pamene 'ubongo wanu wapamwamba' ukunena kuti, 'Ayi, ayi!' Ngakhale magawo olamulira akulu aubongo wanu ali pofooka njira zomwe amakonda kupambana zimakonda. Zofukufuku zomwe zimapereka ntchito yosauka kwambiri (zosasamala) kapena ntchito yowonongeka kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / olowerera kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.
  4. Kusokonezeka maganizo (zikhumbo zazikulu & zisonyezo zakudzitchinjiriza): Akatswiri ena osokoneza bongo amawona kusokonezeka kwa nkhawa, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kosalekeza kumapangitsa kusintha kwamaubongo muubongo, komanso kumakhudzanso mahomoni opsinjika (cortisol ndi adrenaline). Kupanikizika kwa magwiridwe antchito kumabweretsa ngakhale kupsinjika kwakung'ono komwe kumabweretsa kulakalaka ndikuyambiranso chifukwa kumapangitsa njira zamphamvu zolimbikitsira. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiya chizolowezi choyambitsa chizolowezi kumathandizira kupsinjika kwamaubongo komwe kumabweretsa zizindikilo zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pakukonda zonse, kuphatikiza nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kusowa tulo, kukwiya komanso kusinthasintha kwamaganizidwe. Pomaliza, kuyankha mopanikizika kwambiri kumalepheretsa preortal cortex ndi magwiridwe antchito, kuphatikizapo kuwongolera mopendekera komanso kuzindikira bwino zotsatira za zomwe timachita. Zofukufuku zomwe zimasonyeza kuti munthu ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Kodi izi ndi zokhazo zomwe ubongo umasintha? Ayi. Chizindikiro chilichonse mwa izi chikuwonetsa kusintha kwa maselo ndi mankhwala komwe kumakhudzana ndi chizolowezi - monga momwe kusanthula kwa chotupa cha khansa sikungasonyeze kusintha kwa maselo/mankhwala komwe kumakhudzana nako. Kusintha kwakukulu sikungayesedwe m'mamodeli a anthu chifukwa cha kulowerera kwa ukadaulo wofunikira. Komabe, kwapezeka m'mamodeli a nyama.

Phunziro limodzi la ubongo pamwambapa likupezeka:

  1. Ubongo waukulu wa 3 woledzera umasintha: kulimbikitsa, deensitizationndipo chinyengo.
  2. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zosauka mu deraal striatum).
  3. Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula kumagwirizanitsa ndi ntchito yochepa yopereka mphoto pamene mukuwona mwachidule zithunzi zogonana.
  4. Kuonera zolaula kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusokoneza maukwati a ma neural pakati pa mphoto ndi oprontal cortex.
  5. Addicts anali ndi ntchito yoyenera kugonana, koma zochepetsetsa ubongo kuti zikhale zovuta (zimayenderana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo).
  6. Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula kumayesetseratu kuchepetsa kuchepetsa (kusatheka kuchepetsa kukondweretsa). Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha ntchito yogwira ntchito yosauka.
  7. 60% ya zolaula zomwe zidawasokoneza mu kafukufuku wina adakumana ndi ED kapena otsika kwambiri ndi anzawo, koma osati ndi zolaula: onse adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kumayambitsa ED / low libido.
  8. Kupititsa patsogolo chisokonezo yofanana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amasonyeza kutengeka (mankhwala a DeltaFosb).
  9. Kufuna kwambiri & kulakalaka zolaula, koma osakukondani kwambiri. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mtundu wovomerezeka wa chizolowezi - kulimbikitsana.
  10. Zizoloŵezi zoipa zimakonda kwambiri zachiwerewere koma ubongo wawo umakhala mofulumira kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere. Osatipo kale.
  11. Achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amachitanso chidwi kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika m'zipatala.
  12. EEG yapamwamba (P300) imawerengedwa pamene ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula amadziwika ndi zolaula (zomwe zimachitika mu zovuta zina).
  13. Zopanda zofuna kugonana ndi munthu amene akugwirizana ndi chidziwitso chochuluka-kukwaniritsa zolaula.
  14. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maulamuliro apansi a LPP pakuwona mwachidule zithunzi za kugonana: zikuwonetsa chizoloŵezi kapena chilakolako chofuna kugonana.
  15. Majekesi osayenerera a HPA komanso kusintha maulendo a ubongo, omwe amapezeka m'zoledzeretsa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo (komanso amygdala voliyumu, yomwe imayanjananso ndi vuto losokoneza maganizo).
  16. Kusintha kwa Epigenetic pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamapanikizidwe komanso kuwonongeke kwambiri.
  17. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa Matenda a Necrosis Factor (TNF) omwe amapezedwanso m'kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuledzeretsa.
  18. Chosowa mu nkhani yamtundu wakuda; kuyanjana kosasokonezeka pakati pa mgwirizano wa nthawi ndi zigawo zina zambiri.
  19. Kukhudzika kwakukulu kwa boma.
  20. Yachepetsedwa preortalal cortex ndi anterior cingulate grey nkhani ya imvi poyerekeza ndi yoyendetsa bwino.
  21. Kuchepetsa kwa zinthu zoyera poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera koyenera.

Umboni wovomerezeka wa "chizoloŵezi choledzera" ndi wodabwitsa

Maphunziro omwe ali pamwambapa asanafalitsidwe, YBOP idati chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti chinali chenicheni ndipo chimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha komweko kwa ubongo monga momwe zimachitikira mu chizolowezi china. Tidali ndi chidaliro pa izi chifukwa physiology yoyambira imadalira mfundo yakuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo sapanga chilichonse chatsopano kapena chosiyana; amangowonjezera kapena kuchepetsa ntchito zomwe zilipo zamaselo. Tili kale ndi makina oledzera (ma mammalian mating/bonding/love circuitry), komanso kudya kwambiri (kusunga ma calories, nyengo yolerera). Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wa zaka zambiri wa chizolowezi wawonetsa momveka bwino kuti chizolowezi ndi vuto limodzi, lomwe limawonetsedwa mu gulu la zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi machitidwe ( Mphoto Zachilengedwe, Neuroplasticity, ndi Zosokoneza Zosagwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala (2011).

Kuwonjezera pa maphunziro a ubongo okhudza ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula/okonda kugonana, maphunziro angapo akuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana, ubale ndi kusakhutira ndi kugonana, komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ubongo ku zolimbikitsa kugonana ( onani mndandanda wa maphunziro omwe amasinthidwa nthawi zonse ). Nthawi zambiri timawona anyamata athanzi omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana chifukwa cha zolaula akubwerera ku thanzi labwino popewa zolaula pa intaneti. Izi zikusonyeza kuti analibe mavuto ena omwe akanatha kuwapangitsa kukhala osatetezeka.

Kafukufuku wokhudza ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti sayenera kudabwitsa chifukwa maphunziro opitilira 370 a ubongo amatsimikiziranso kuti "ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika" amapanga kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika muzolowera mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mazana a maphunziro okhudzana ndi zizolowezi pa intaneti amatsimikizira zomwe kafukufuku wa ubongo adapeza. Onani zosonkhanitsira zathu:

Zolaula za pa intaneti, masewera a pa intaneti, ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti tsopano zikuonedwa ngati mapulogalamu osiyana kapena magulu ang'onoang'ono ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti. Munthu akhoza kukhala ndi chizolowezi cha Facebook kapena zolaula za pa intaneti, pomwe alibe "chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti", monga momwe tafotokozera mu ndemanga iyi ya 2015 ya mabuku . Kafukufuku wa ku Dutch wa 2006 adapeza kuti zolaula zinali ndi mphamvu zambiri zoledzeretsa kuposa mapulogalamu onse a pa intaneti.

Nzosadabwitsa. Zolaula za pa intaneti ndi mtundu wodabwitsa wa mphotho zachilengedwe zomwe tonsefe timafuna kutsata: chilakolako chogonana ndi mwayi wowoneka bwino wopeza chibwenzi. Zolaula zoopsa za masiku ano ndi "zolimbikitsa zachilengedwe" monga momwe zilili ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi masiku ano. Onani nkhani yathu Zolaula Panthawi Imeneyi: Takulandirani ku Maphunziro a Ubongo , ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri iyi yowunikidwa ndi anzawo, yokhala ndi ndemanga yaposachedwa ya komwe ubongo ulili pankhani ya chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti: Kusuta zolaula - chilimbikitso chapamwamba chomwe chimaganiziridwa poganizira za neuroplasticity (2013).

Mosakayikira, ubongo wina umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira zomwe zingakope chidwi cha zinthu zoopsa kwambiri kuposa wina. Komabe, n'zotheka kuti zinthu zogonana zomwe chikhalidwe chathu chimachita zikakula kwambiri, chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amasonyeza zizindikiro za kusalinganika chimawonjezeka—ngakhale omwe ali ndi ubongo wathanzi. Komanso m'badwo uliwonse umagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokopa kwambiri kuposa wakale, ndipo umayamba msanga ndi zolaula za pa intaneti (taganizirani mafoni a m'manja). Tsoka ilo, ubongo wa achinyamata uli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chizolowezi ndi kugonana.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa pa kusintha kwa ubongo poyankha "zakudya zokoma kwambiri" akuwonetsa umboni wa njira yoledzera . Ngati kutchova juga , masewera , kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi chakudya zingasinthe ubongo mwanjira imeneyi, zikanakhala zodabwitsa kukhulupirira kuti zolaula za pa intaneti zokha sizingathe . Ichi ndichifukwa chake Mu 2011, madokotala 3000 a American Society for Addiction Medicine (ASAM) adatulutsa mawu poyera kuti zizolowezi za khalidwe (zogonana, chakudya, kutchova juga) ndizofanana ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo pankhani ya kusintha kwa ubongo. Anatero ASAM:

"Tonse timakhala ndi mphoto ya ubongo yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale chakudya komanso kugonana. Ndipotu, izi ndizopulumuka. Mu ubongo wathanzi, izi mphotho ziri ndi njira zowonetsera zogonana kapena 'zokwanira.' Kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi choyendetsa, maofesiwa amakhala osayenera kotero kuti uthenga kwa munthuyo umakhala 'wochulukirapo,' zomwe zimayambitsa kutsata kwa mphoto ndi / kapena chithandizo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi makhalidwe. "

ASAM mwachindunji yonena za chizolowezi chogonana:

FUNSO: Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku kumatanthauza kuledzera kumatchova, chakudya, ndi chiwerewere. Kodi ASAM amakhulupiriradi kuti chakudya ndi kugonana ndizovuta?

YANKHO: Tanthauzo latsopano la ASAM likusintha kuchoka pa kuyerekeza chizolowezi ndi kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pofotokoza momwe chizolowezi chimagwirizanirananso ndi makhalidwe omwe amapindulitsa. … Tanthauzo ili limati chizolowezi ndi chokhudza kugwira ntchito ndi kayendedwe ka ubongo ndi momwe kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi zimasiyanirana ndi kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo wa anthu omwe alibe chizolowezi. … Chakudya ndi machitidwe ogonana ndi machitidwe a juga zitha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi "kufunafuna mphotho" komwe kwafotokozedwa mu tanthauzo latsopanoli la chizolowezi.

Ofufuza awiri omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi chizoloŵezi choledzera, ndi a ASAM, adapereka malingaliro awo zaka zisanachitike tanthauzo latsopano:

  1. Mtsogoleri wa National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Dokotala Nora Volkow, wanena kuti dzina la bungwe lidzasinthidwa kukhala "National Institute for Diseases of Addiction," kuthana ndi zizoloŵezi zamakhalidwe monga kutchova njuga, kudya ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (Zizoloŵezi Zambiri, Stigma Zochepa).
  2. Wofufuza woledzera, Eric Nestler, ali ndi Q & A iyi webusaitiyi, ma Labs a Nestler.

FUNSO: Kodi kusintha kumeneku kumachitika mwachibadwa mu ubongo wanu popanda kugwidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo?

YANKHO: "N'zotheka kuti kusintha kofanana kwa ubongo kumachitika m'matenda ena omwe amakhudza kudya mopitirira muyeso zinthu zachilengedwe, mikhalidwe monga kudya mopitirira muyeso, kutchova juga, zizolowezi zogonana, ndi zina zotero."

Koma 'kuledzera' sikudziwika, molondola?

Monga momwe mwamvera m'manyuzipepala, bungwe la American Psychiatric Association (APA) lakhala likuvutikira kwambiri poika matenda okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti mokakamiza mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual yake . Ndipotu, bungwe la APA silinaganizire mwalamulo za "chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti" mu kope lake la 2013 (DSM-5), koma m'malo mwake linasankha kukambirana za "vuto la kugonana mopitirira muyeso". Mawu omaliza a khalidwe lovuta la kugonana adalimbikitsidwa kuti alowetsedwe ndi gulu la DSM-5 la Sexuality Work Group pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zoyeserera. Komabe, mu gawo la "nyenyezi chamber" la ola limodzi (malinga ndi membala wa Work Group), akuluakulu ena a DSM-5 adakana kugonana mopitirira muyeso, ponena zifukwa zomwe zafotokozedwa kuti sizomveka. Mwachitsanzo, DSM-5 idalimbikitsa kuphunzira kwina kwa mtundu wa "Internet Gaming Disorder", pomwe idakana kulimbikitsa kuphunzira kwina kwa "Internet Addiction Disorder".

Pofuna kukwaniritsa udindo umenewu, DSM-5 inanyalanyaza mbiri yofala ya odwala ndi madokotala awo a zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi makhalidwe omwe ali okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi, ndi ndondomeko yovomerezeka ya akatswiri ambiri azachipatala ndi kafukufuku ku American Society of Addiction Medicine. Mbiri yambiri: DSM ili ndi otsutsa otsutsa omwe amatsutsa njira yake yosanyalanyaza chiphunzitso chachipatala ndi kukhazikitsa zizindikiro zake za matenda (m'malo mwa ziphunzitso zamoyo). Izi zimabweretsa zosankha zolakwika, zandale zomwe zimatsutsa zoona. Mwachitsanzo, kamodzi kameneka kanali kolakwika kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha monga matenda a maganizo.

DSM-5 isanatulutsidwe mu 2013, Mtsogoleri wa National Institute of Mental Health Thomas Insel anachenjeza kuti nthawi yakwana yoti gawo la thanzi la maganizo lisiye kudalira DSM. " Kufooka kwa DSM ndi kusowa kwake kovomerezeka ," anafotokoza, ndipo " sitingapambane ngati tigwiritsa ntchito magulu a DSM ngati "muyezo wagolide ." Anawonjezera kuti, " Ndicho chifukwa chake NIMH idzasintha kafukufuku wake kuchoka ku magulu a DSM ." Mwa kuyankhula kwina, NIMH sidzaperekanso ndalama zofufuzira kutengera matenda omwe alembedwa mu DSM.

Kuyambira pomwe DSM-5 idasindikizidwa, maphunziro ambiri okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika, komanso maphunziro ambiri okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika atuluka omwe asokoneza maganizo a DSM-5. Komabe, ngakhale atolankhani akuyang'ana kwambiri malingaliro a DSM-5, akatswiri omwe amagwira ntchito ndi omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana apitilizabe kuzindikira mavuto otere. Amagwiritsa ntchito matenda ena mu DSM-5 komanso amodzi ochokera ku ICD-10 yomwe ilipo , buku lothandizira matenda lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi World Health Organization, International Classification of Diseases.

Nkhani yaikulu ndi yakuti bungwe la World Health Organization lakonza cholakwika cha DSM-5. Mosiyana ndi akonzi a DSM-5, akonzi a ICD-11 akupereka lingaliro lowonjezera matenda atsopano okhudza thanzi la maganizo omwe angaphatikizepo anthu omwe ali ndi matenda okhudzana ndi zizolowezi zogonana. Nayi chilankhulo chomwe chikuperekedwa pano :

Matenda a 6C92 okhudza khalidwe logonana lokakamiza amadziwika ndi kulephera kulamulira chilakolako chogonana chobwerezabwereza kapena chilakolako chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu azichita zinthu zogonana mobwerezabwereza. Zizindikiro zake zingaphatikizepo kuchita zinthu zogonana mobwerezabwereza kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthuyo mpaka kufika ponyalanyaza thanzi lake ndi chisamaliro chake kapena zinthu zina, zochita zake ndi maudindo ake; kuyesetsa kochuluka kolephera kuchepetsa khalidwe logonana mobwerezabwereza; komanso kupitiriza kuchita zinthu zogonana mobwerezabwereza ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake ndi zoipa kapena kusakhutira nazo kwenikweni.

Njira yolephera kuwongolera mwamphamvu, chikhumbo chogonana kapena zokakamiza ndikuchita zakubwereza zimawonekera nthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo, miyezi 6 kapena kupitilira apo), ndipo zimayambitsa kuvutika kwakukulu kapena kusokonezeka kwakukulu muwemwini, banja, pagulu, maphunziro, pantchito, kapena mbali zina zofunikira zogwira ntchito. Mavuto omwe akukhudzana kwathunthu ndi malingaliro komanso kusagwirizana pazakukakamiza, zogonana, kapena machitidwe sizokwanira kukwaniritsa izi.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ICD-11, onani nkhani yaposachedwa ya The Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health (SASH): "Compulsive Sexual Behaviour" yatchulidwa ndi World Health Organization kuti ndi Mental Health Disorder. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza nkhani zachiwerewere zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ma PhD otsatira ndondomeko ya kafukufuku, onani - Ofalitsa nkhani zabodza amatsutsa mapepala kuti alimbikitse mabodza akuti ICD-11 ya WHO "inakana chizolowezi chogonana ndi chizolowezi chogonana"

Kugonana

Si aliyense amene ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mavuto ambiri amaoneka kuti amabwera chifukwa chakuti ogula amaletsa chilakolako chawo chogonana ndi zolaula za pa intaneti. Kuti mudziwe zambiri onani Sexual Conditioning.

Zigawo zomwe zili ndi zikwi zamaphunziro oyenera: