Debunking la debunker: Chisankho cha kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zowonongeka zowonongeka za "

Introduction

M'magulu osiyanasiyana, nkhani ndi ma tweets Chithunzi cha Nicole adanena kuti sizinatero Prause et al., 2015 wonama "chithunzithunzi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, cue reactivity biomarker, "Koma"zochitika zosiyanasiyana za makhalidwe abwino zomwe zimayankhidwa ndi ma laboratories odziimira okhaokha [kulakwitsa] maulosi ena a chizolowezi choledzera. ” Pembedzero limatchula 2016 "Letter to the Editor" (yatsutsidwa patsamba lino) monga umboni wake wotsimikizira. Mwachidule, Prause wasonkhanitsa mazira ake onse mu dengu limodzi - ndime imodzi yomwe yatchulidwa pansipa. Yankho la YBOP ili ngati debunking of debunker (Nicole Prause) ndi "mazira" ake onse omwe amawakonda

Poyankha katswiri wa zamaganizo Matuesz Gola's Kusanthula kwakukulu kafukufuku wawo wa 2015 EEG (Prause et al., 2015), Prause et al. analemba kalata yawo kwa Mkonzi, yotchedwa, "Prause et al. (2015) zowonongeka zowonongeka, ”Yomwe tidzaitcha"Yankhani ku Gola. ” (Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zolembedwa zoyambirira za mkonzi wa Reply to Gola zidangotchula Nicole Prause yekha ngati wolemba, kotero sizikudziwika ngati omwe adalemba nawo nawo adatenga nawo gawo poyankha Yankho ku Gola, kapena ngati kuyesayesa kwapadera kwa a Prause.)

Ndithudi, yankho la ku Gola lalikulu limayesedwa pofuna kuyesetsa kuteteza Prause et al., Kutanthauzira kwa 2015. Kubwerera ku 2015 Nicole Prause adanenanso kuti kuphunzira koyipa kwa gulu lake "kudasokoneza bongo". Zomwe wofufuza wovomerezeka angachite nthawi akunena kuti "adasokoneza" an munda wonse wafukufuku ndi "kunama" maphunziro onse apitalo ndi phunziro limodzi la EEG?

Tsopano, mu 2016, gawo lomaliza la Reply to Gola likutsimikiziranso kuti mapepala ochepa, otsogozedwa ndi kafukufuku wa EEG wa Prause, adasocheretsa "maulosi angapo amtundu wa zosokoneza bongo."

Mu Gawo #1 pansipa timapanga chidziwitso chachinyengo mwa kufotokoza zomwe mapepala atchulidwa mu Respond to Gola kwenikweni anapeza (ndipo sanapeze), komanso kuwonetsa maphunziro ambiri omwe sanathenso. Mu Gawo #2 pansipa, timayang'ana zotsutsa zosagwirizana ndi zolakwika zina mu Respond to Gola. Tisanayambe, apa pali mauthenga kwa zinthu zofunika:

1. Kusinthasintha kwa Zomwe Zidzakhala Zosatha Zopindulitsa Zochitika Zogonana ndi Mavuto M'bvuto Ogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Machitidwe Osagwirizana ndi "Kuledzera Kwambiri" (Prause et al., 2015) Nicole Prause, Vaughn R. Steele, Cameron Staley, Dean Sabatinelli, Greg Hajcake.
2. The Kuyanjidwa kwa YBOP Prause et al., 2015.
3. Khumbo khumi zowunikiridwa of Prause et al., 2015: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Onse amavomereza izo Prause et al. adapeza kukhumudwa kapena chizolowezi - chogwirizana ndi kuledzera.
4. Chotsutsa cha Matuesz Gola cha Prause et al., 2015: Kuchepetsa LPP kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhala kofanana ndi mitundu ya zosokoneza bongo. Chilichonse chimadalira mtunduwo. (Ndemanga pa Prause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2015).
5. Yankho la Gola lokha: Prause et al. (2015) zowonongeka zowonongeka.
6. Msonkhanowu, Gary Wilson akuwonetsa choonadi pambuyo pa maphunziro a 5 okayikitsa komanso osocheretsa (kuphatikizapo maphunziro awiri a Nicole Prause EEG): Kafukufuku Wosaka: Zoona Kapena Zopeka?

CHIGAWO CHOYAMBA: Debunking the Prause et al. Kunenedwa Zonyenga za Model Addiction

Iyi ndi ndime yotsekera kumene Prause et al. kufotokoza mwachidule zowonongeka zauchiwerewere:

"Pomaliza, tiwonetsa chinyengo cha a Popperian oneneratu zamankhwala osokoneza bongo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo. Mitundu yambiri yamankhwala osokoneza bongo imafuna kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo asamawononga mphamvu zawo (kapena kuchita); omwe amafotokoza zovuta zambiri pakuwona zithunzi zakugonana amakhala ndi mphamvu pazogonana (zofotokozedwa ndi Moholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015; kafukufuku woyamba wa Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009). Mitundu yoledzera imaneneratu zotsatira zoyipa. Ngakhale kusokonekera kwa erectile ndiye zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mavuto a erectile samakwezedwa powonera makanema ambiri ogonana (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Prause & Pfaus, 2015; Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 ). Mitundu yoledzera nthawi zambiri imanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo kapena momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso kapena kuthawa zovuta. Omwe amafotokoza zovuta zamafilimu ogonana amatchulanso zovuta zoyambira poyambira / kuwonera kuposa zoyang'anira (Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). Pakadali pano, mitundu ina iwiri yokakamiza yathandizidwa kwambiri kuchokera pomwe Prause et al. (2015). Izi zikuphatikiza mtundu wamagalimoto okwera kwambiri (Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016) omwe amathandizira malingaliro oyambira kwambiri (Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). Parsons ndi al. (2015) akuti chiwonetsero chazakugonana chitha kuyimira gulu la omwe amafotokoza zovuta. Komanso, zovuta zokhudzana ndi kuwonera makanema ogonana zawonetsedwa kuti ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi zikhalidwe zosamala komanso mbiri yachipembedzo (Grubbs et al., 2014). Izi zimathandizira mtundu wamanyazi wamavuto akuwonera makanema ogonana. Zokambiranazi zikuyenera kuchoka pakayesedwe kakuwonera makanema ogonana, omwe awonetseredwa kambirimbiri kodzinamiza ndi ma labotale odziyimira pawokha, kuti apeze mtundu woyenera wamakhalidwewo. ”

Tisanalankhule mawu aliwonsewa, ndikofunikira kuti tidziwitse chiyani Prause et al. adasankha kusiya zomwe amatchedwa "zabodza":

1. Zofufuza pa zolaula zowonongeka. Inu mukuwerenga izo molondola. Pa maphunziro onse omwe adatchulidwa, ndi amodzi okha omwe ali ndi kagulu ka zolaula, ndi 71% ya nkhanizo zinawonetsa mavuto aakulu. Mfundo yofunika: Simungapusitse "zolaula" ngati maphunziro omwe mwatchulayo sakufufuza za anthu omwe amachita zolaula.
2. Maphunziro onse amitsempha omwe amafalitsidwa pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso omwe amagonana ndi amuna - chifukwa onse amathandizira mtundu wa zosokoneza bongo. Tsambali lili pamndandandawu Zotsatira za 56 za sayansi (MRI, fMRI, EEG, Neurospychological, Hormonal) kupereka chithandizo cholimba cha mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
3. Zosangalatsa zonsezo ndemanga za mabuku - chifukwa onse amathandizira zolaula. Nazi izi Ndemanga za 31 ndi ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lonse, akuthandiza chitsanzo cha zolaula.
4. Pa kafukufuku wa 40 wolumikiza kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula / chizolowezi chogonana pamavuto azakugonana & kutsitsimula pang'ono. The Zolemba zoyamba za 7 m'ndandanda zimasonyeza kusokonezeka, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana.
5. Phunziro la 80 lomwe limagwirizanitsa zolaula limagwiritsira ntchito kugonana kosachepera komanso kugonana. Monga momwe ife tikudziwira onse Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna adanena za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zambiri zogwirizana osauka kugonana kapena kukondana.
6. Zofufuza za 60 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo).
7. Pazofufuza za 85 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito thanzi lawo lamaganizidwe am'maganizo & zotsatira zosazindikira zamavuto
8. Kulingalira mfundo yosalimbikitsidwa yolankhulidwa yakuti "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana" akufotokozera zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana: Kafukufuku wa 25 amapusitsa kunena kuti kugonana & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana"
9. Maphunziro ambiri pa achinyamata, lomwe lipoti logwiritsira ntchito zolaula limakhudzana ndi ophunzira osauka, malingaliro osiyana siyana, kugonana, osauka, maubwenzi osauka, kuchepetsa moyo, kuwonetsa anthu ngati zinthu, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha kugonana, kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu pang'ono, chiwawa chachikulu chogonana, kuumiriza kugonana, kuchepetsa kugonana, kuchepetsa libido, malingaliro akuluakulu ovomerezeka, ndi zambiri zambiri. (Mwachidule, ED ndi osati "zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" monga momwe akunenera mu Reply to Gola pansipa.)
10. Kodi munthu amadziwa bwanji? Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda atsopano woyenera kuchita zachiwerewere: "Kugonana Kwachiwerewere

Poyankha ku Gola, Prause et al. yesetsani kulakwitsa chilichonse mwa zotsatirazi Zodzinenera ("Zolosera") zokhudzana ndi mtundu wa zosokoneza bongo. Zowonjezera ndi maphunziro othandizira kuchokera ku Reply to Gola aperekedwa kwathunthu, ndikutsatiridwa ndi ndemanga.

Lembani 1: Kulephera kulamulira ntchito ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake sizikuyenda bwino.

LIMANANI: “Anthu ambiri amene ali ndi chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa amafuna kuti anthu amene ali ndi chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa asamachite chilichonse chimene akufuna; omwe amafotokoza zovuta zambiri pakuwona zachiwerewere amakhala ndi mphamvu pazogonana (zofotokozedwa ndi Moholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015; kafukufuku woyamba wa Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009) ”

Kafukufuku wa 2 sanatchulepo kanthu kalikonse chifukwa sanayese kuwunika ngati anthu akuvutika kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Chofunika koposa, palibe kafukufuku amene adayamba pofufuza yemwe anali "wosuta zolaula" kapena ayi. Kodi mungatani kuti musamachite zolaula ngati simukuyamba kuwunika anthu omwe ali ndi umboni wotsimikiza kuti (ndizotani zomwe akatswiri amatanthauzira ngati osokoneza bongo)? Tiyeni tiwone mwachidule zomwe maphunziro a 2 adayesa ndikuwonetsa, ndi chifukwa chomwe samanama:

Winters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009 (Kuzindikira Kuuka kwa Kugonana Kwa Amuna):

• Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuwona ngati abambo angachepetse zodzinenera zawo akamaonera makanema ogonana. Zotsatira zofunika: amuna omwe amatha kupondereza kukondwereranso anali abwino pakudziseka. Amuna omwe sanachite bwino poletsa kukakamiza kugonana nthawi zambiri anali owopsa kuposa ena onse. Zotsatira izi sizikugwirizana ndi "omwe amalephera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula" ngakhale atakumana ndi zovuta zoyipa. "
• Kufufuza kosadziwika kumeneku sikunayese yemwe anali "osakonda zolaula," chifukwa chida chowunikira chinali "Sculsivity Scale" (SCS). SCS siyeso yoyeserera yowonera zolaula pa intaneti kapena azimayi, chifukwa chake zomwe apeza sizikugwira ntchito kwa omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. SCS idapangidwa mu 1995 ndipo idapangidwa ndi kugonana kosalamulirika kugona m'maganizo (pokhudzana ndi kufufuza mliri wa Edzi). The SCS imati: "Chiwerengerochi chawonetsedwa kuti chiwonetseratu chikhalidwe cha kugonana, chiwerengero cha zibwenzi zogonana, chizoloŵezi cha makhalidwe amtundu wosiyanasiyana, ndi mbiri za matenda opatsirana pogonana. "

Moholy, Pembedzero, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015 (Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, chimalosera kudziletsa pazowona za kugonana):

• Kafukufukuyu, monga kafukufuku pamwambapa, sanawone omwe anali nawo kapena anali "osokoneza bongo" kapena Kafukufukuyu adadalira CBSOB, omwe ali ndi mafunso okhudza zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Zimangopempha za "kugonana," kapena ngati nkhani ikuda nkhawa ndi zochita zawo (mwachitsanzo, "Ndikuda nkhawa kuti ndili ndi pakati," "Ndinapatsa munthu wina kachilombo ka HIV," "Ndinakumana ndi mavuto azachuma"). Potero kugwirizana kulikonse pakati pa zochitika pa CBSOB ndi kuthekera kulamulira kudzutsa sikofunikira kwa ambiri zolaula pa intaneti oledzeretsa, omwe sagonana mu chiwerewere.
• Monga phunziro la Winters pamwambapa, kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti anthu ochita mantha akukhala ndi nthawi yovuta yoletsa kugonana kwawo pamene akuonera zolaula. Prause et al. Zolondola: phunziroli linayankhulana ndi Winters, et al., 2009: anthu owopsa amachita chilakolako chogonana. (Duh)
• Kafukufukuyu ali ndi cholakwika chomwecho chowonedwa m'maphunziro ena a gulu la a Prause: Ofufuzawo adasankha mitu yosiyanasiyana (azimayi, amuna, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, osagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha), koma adawawonetsa zolaula zonse, mwina zosasangalatsa, zachimuna + zachikazi. Mwachidule, zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zimadalira pamalingaliro akuti amuna, akazi, komanso omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha samasiyana poyankha zithunzi zolaula. Izi ndizachidziwikire osati choncho.

Ngakhale kuti palibe kafukufuku yemwe adazindikira kuti ndi ndani omwe adachita zachiwerewere, Yankho kwa Gola likuwoneka kuti likunena kuti "zolaula" zenizeni siziyenera kuthana ndi chilakolako chawo chogonana pamene akuwonera zolaula. Komabe ndichifukwa chiyani olemba a Reply to Gola angaganize kuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ayenera kukhala ndi "chidwi chachikulu" pamene Prause et al., 2015 adanena kuti "oledzera" anali nawo Zochepa Kodi ubongo umagwiritsira ntchito zolaula kuposa vutolo? (Zodabwitsa, maphunziro ena a EEG Anapezanso kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwakukulu kwa amayi omwe amathandizana nawo Zochepa ubongo wachinsinsi ku zolaula.) Zofufuza za Prause et al. 2015 agwirizane ndi Kühn & Gallinat (2014), yomwe inapeza kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi Zochepa kugwiritsira ntchito ubongo poyang'ana zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla.

Prause et al. Za 2015 Zotsatira za EEG zimagwirizanitsanso Banca et al. 2015, yomwe idapeza nthawi yowonongeka kwa zithunzi zolaula zolaula. Kuwerenga kwa EEG kumunsi kumatanthauza kuti maphunziro akulipira Zochepa chidwi pazithunzizo. Omwe amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala osowa zolaula za vanila zomwe zikuwonetsedwa labu. Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula a Moholy & Prause sanachite "Khalani ndi mphamvu yowonjezera kugonana kwawo. ” M'malo mwake, anali atazolowera kapena kuda zithunzi zolaula za vanila.

Si zachilendo kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri azikhala ololera, zomwe ndizofunikira zolimbikitsira kwambiri kuti athe kukwaniritsa zomwezo. Chochitika chofananachi chimachitika mwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amafuna "kugunda" kwakukulu kuti achite chimodzimodzi. Ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kukondoweza kwakukulu kumakwaniritsidwa pakukulitsa zolaula zatsopano kapena zoopsa.

Mankhwala atsopano omwe amachititsa mantha, kudabwa, kuphwanya ziyembekezo kapena ngakhale nkhawa zingagwire ntchito kuonjezera chiwerewere, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zizindikiro kwa anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. A kafukufuku waposachedwapa wapezeka kuti kuchuluka kotereku kuli kofala kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti lero. 49% mwa amuna omwe anafunsidwa anawona zolaula "sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kapena kuti iwo ankaona kuti zonyansa. ” Mwachidule, maphunziro ambiri adanenapo za chizolowezi kapena kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi - zomwe zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mfundo yaikulu: Izi zonse mu Reply to Gola zimadalira ulosi wosagwirizana woti "zolaula" ziyenera kukumana kukondana kwakukulu kuti azijambula zithunzi za vilala zolaula, ndipo motero osakwanitsa kuthetsa kuukitsa kwawo. Komabe ulosi wonena kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kapena ogwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso amachititsa chidwi kwambiri pa zolaula za vanilla komanso chilakolako chogonana chochuluka chobwerezabwereza kafukufuku wambirimbiri:

1. Pa maphunziro a 40 Gwiritsani ntchito zolaula kugwilitsa kugonana kapena kugonana ndi anthu ogonana.
2. Zotsatira za 25 kutsutsa zonena kuti kugonana ndi zolaula "amakhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana" (pansipa).
3. Pazowonjezera zofufuza za 75 Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchepetsa kukondana komanso kukondana.

Powombetsa mkota:

• Maphunziro awiri omwe atchulidwawa alibe chochita ndi omwe amalephera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ngakhale atakumana ndi zovuta.
• Maphunziro awiri omwe tawatchulawa sanazindikire kuti anali ndani kapena anali wosagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ndiye kuti sangatiuze chilichonse chokhudza "zolaula".
• Ophunzira omwe adapeza zapamwamba pa mafunso okhudzana ndi chiwerewere.osati zolaula) "sizinawongolere chilimbikitso chawo" powonera zolaula za vanila. Ayenera kuti adatopetsedwa ndi zolaula za vanila (mwachitsanzo, kukhumudwa, komwe ndikusintha kwa ubongo).

Lembani 2: Addicts amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena khalidwe kuti athane ndi maganizo oipa

LIMANANI: "Anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo kuti muchepetse mavuto. Omwe amafotokoza zovuta m'mafilimu azakugonana adanenanso zakuchepa koyambira koyambirira / kuwonera koyambirira kuposa zoyang'anira (Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). "

Ngakhale anthu oledzera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuti asatengere zotsatira (maganizo), kachiwiri Yankho la Gola limatchula ngati chithandizo chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi kunamizira zowonongeka. Pembedzero, Staley & Fong 2013 sanayang'ane chodabwitsa ichi konse. Nazi zomwe zidanenadi:

"Mosayembekezereka, gulu la VSS-P silinakonzekeretse pang'ono kuti zinthu zabwino komanso zoyipa zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi kanema wogonana kuposa VSS-C."

Kutanthauzira: omwe amatchedwa "osokoneza bongo" (VSS-P gulu) sanachite chidwi ndi zolaula kuposa gulu lolamulira (VSS-C). Mwachidule, "zolaula" sizimakhudzidwa kwenikweni ndi makanema ogonana komanso osalowerera ndale. Mfundo yaikulu: Phunziro la 2013 la Prause amagwiritsa ntchito nkhani zomwezo Prause et al., 2015, yomwe ndi phunziro lomweli la 2015 EEG lomwe linapezedwa Zochepa kugwiritsira ntchito ubongo kuti ziwononge zithunzi za vilonda zolaula.

Pali kufotokozera kosavuta kwa "ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi" omwe samakonda kutengera zolaula za vanila. Zolaula za Vanilla sizinatchulidwenso zosangalatsa zonse. Zomwezo zimapitanso "kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi" pamafilimu osalowerera ndale - adasiyidwa. Pembedzero, Staley, & Fong, 2013 (imatchedwanso Prause et al., 2013) wakhala bwinobwino adatsutsa apa.

Mitundu ingapo ikuwonekera pazonena zabodza za Reply to Gola:

1. Maphunziro omwe tawatchulawa sagwirizana ndi zonyenga za mtundu wa zolaula.
2. Pemphero nthawi zambiri limatchula maphunziro ake omwe.
3. Zopempherera za 3 (Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015, Steele et al., 2013.) onse akuphatikizapo nkhani zomwezo.

Izi ndi zomwe tikudziwa za "ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" m'maphunziro a 3 a Prause ("Prause Study"): Sanali osokoneza bongo, chifukwa sanayesedwepo zolaula. Chifukwa chake, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera "kupusitsa" chilichonse chokhudzana ndi mtundu wa zosokoneza bongo. Monga gulu adasiyidwa kapena kuzolowera zolaula za vanila, zomwe ndizogwirizana ndi zoneneratu za mtundu womwewo. Nazi zomwe kafukufuku aliyense amachita kwenikweni adanena za "zolaula"

1. Prause et al., 2013: "Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" adanenanso zakusungulumwa komanso zosokoneza pakuwona zolaula za vanila.
2. Steele et al., 2013: Anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chochulukira-zolaula zolaula anali nazo Zochepa chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu, koma osati zofuna zodzikweza.
3. Prause et al., 2015: "Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" anali nawo Zochepa kugwiritsira ntchito ubongo kuti ziwononge zithunzi za vilonda zolaula. Mavesi a m'munsi a EEG amatanthauza kuti "zolaula" nkhani sizingasamalire zithunzizo.

Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino chimachokera ku maphunziro atatuwa: "Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" adasiyidwa kapena kuzolowera zolaula za vanila, ndipo iwo omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chochulukirapo-zolaula adakonda kuseweretsa maliseche kuposa kuchita zogonana ndi munthu weniweni. Mwachidule iwo anali atasokonezeka (chiwonetsero chofala cha kuledzera) ndipo ankakonda zokopa zopangira mphotho yamphamvu kwambiri yachilengedwe (kugonana pakati pawo). Palibe njira yotanthauzira zotsatirazi ngati zabodza zolaula.

Simungathe kunamizira anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ngati "zolaula" sizili zolaula

Cholakwika chachikulu mu Prause Study ndikuti palibe amene akudziwa kuti, ngati alipo, mwa omvera a Prause adalidi osokoneza bongo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri pamakhala ziganizo zolembapo "zolaula" m'mafotokozedwe athu a maphunziro atatu awa. Maphunzirowa adalembedwa ku Pocatello, Idaho kudzera pa zotsatsa pa intaneti zopempha anthu omwe ali "akukumana ndi mavuto owonetsa momwe amaonera zithunzi zachiwerewere"Pocatello, Idaho wapitirira 50% Mormon, nkhani zambiri zingamve choncho aliyense kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi vuto lalikulu.

Mu kuyankhulana kwa 2013 Chithunzi cha Nicole amavomereza kuti ambiri mwa anthu ake anali ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono (zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sanali oledzera):

"Kafukufukuyu amangophatikiza anthu omwe amafotokoza mavuto, kuyambira kuyambira wamng'ono zovuta zazikulu, kuwongolera mawonekedwe awo azowonera zolaula. ”

Apanso, funso lofunsidwa m'maphunziro a 3 kuti athe kuyesa "zolaula" (Sculsivity Scale) linali sikutsimikiziridwa ngati chida choyang'ana zolaula. Linapangidwa mu 1995 ndipo linapangidwa ndi kugonana kosadzitetezedwa kugona (ndi abwenzi) mu malingaliro, pokhudzana ndi kufufuza mliri wa Edzi. The SCS imati:

"Kodi chiwerengerochi chiyenera kuti chiwonetsedwe bwanji, kuti chiwerengero cha ziwalo za kugonana, chiwerengero cha zibwenzi zogonana, chizoloŵezi cha zizoloŵezi zakugonana, komanso mbiri ya matenda opatsirana pogonana"?

Kuphatikiza apo, a Prause Study adayankha mafunso kwa akaziwo. Komabe wopanga SCS akuchenjeza kuti chida ichi sichikuwonetsa psychopathology mwa akazi,

"Mayanjano omwe amapezeka pakati pazakugonana ndi zina zokhudzana ndi psychopathology zidawonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya abambo ndi amai; Kuchita zachiwerewere kumalumikizidwa ndi ma index a psychopathology mwa amuna koma osati mwa akazi. "

Kuwonjezera pa kusadziŵa kuti ndi nkhani iti yomwe idakali chiwerewere, Prause Studies anachita osati zojambula pazithunzi za matenda a m'maganizo, zizoloŵezi zopanikizika, kapena zoledzeretsa zina. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti "kuphunzira kwamaubongo" kulikonse pakuledzera, kuwopa kuti zisokonezo zimapangitsa zotsatira kukhala zopanda tanthauzo. Cholakwika china choyipa ndikuti maphunziro a Prause sanali osiyana. Anali amuna ndi akazi, kuphatikizapo 7 omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma onse anawonetsedwa muyezo, mwinamwake wosakhudzidwa, wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Izi zokha zimachotsa zotsatira zake. Chifukwa chiyani? Phunziro pambuyo pa phunziro limatsimikizira kuti amuna ndi akazi ali nawo kwambiri zosiyana ubongo umayankha mafano kapena mafilimu ogonana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ochita kafukufuku amatsutsana mosamala nkhani.

Powombetsa mkota,

• Phunziroli linatchulidwa mu Reply to Gola (Prause et al., 2013) sichikugwirizana ndi kuyesa zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula. Sichikuwunikiranso momwe anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti apewe kukhumudwa.
• Prause Studies sanayese kuona ngati nkhanizo zinali zoledzera kapena ayi. Olembawo anavomereza kuti nkhani zambiri zinalibe zovuta kulamulira ntchito. Zonsezi zikanayenera kuti zatsimikiziridwa kuti zolaula zimadwalitsa kuti zilolere kuyerekezera kovomerezeka ndi gulu la anthu osakhala olaula.
• Maphunziro onse ogwira bwino a ubongo ayenera kukhala ndi nkhani zofanana kuti azifanizira molondola. Popeza kuti Phunziro la Prause silinayambe, zotsatira zake ndi zosadalirika, ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ponyenga chirichonse.

Lankhulani 3: Omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakhala ndi "chidwi chofuna kugonana"

LIMANANI: Pakadali pano, mitundu ina iwiri yokakamiza yathandizidwa kwambiri kuchokera pomwe Prause et al. (2015). Izi zikuphatikiza mtundu wamagalimoto okwera kwambiri (Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016) omwe amathandizira malingaliro oyambira kwambiri (Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). Parsons ndi al. (2015) akuti chiwonetsero chazakugonana chitha kuyimira gulu la omwe amafotokoza zovuta.

Zonena kuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kugonana amangokhala ndi "chilakolako chofuna kugonana," zakhala zabodza Zotsatira zaposachedwapa za 25. Ndipotu, Prale Prause adanena izi Chothandizira kuti sakukhulupiriranso kuti "omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo" ali ndi libidos yayikulu:

"Ndidali wokonda kutanthauzira zakugonana, koma kafukufukuyu wa LPP yemwe tangomusindikiza ndikundichititsa kuti ndizikhala omasuka kuchita zachiwerewere."

Ziribe kanthu zomwe kafukufuku aliyense wanena ndikofunikira kuthana ndi bodza loti "chilakolako chofuna kugonana" chimagwirizana ndi zolaula. Kupanda nzeru kwake kumawonekera bwino ngati munthu angaganizire zabodza potengera zosokoneza zina. (Kuti mumve zambiri, onani ndemanga iyi ya Steele, Pembedzero, Staley, & Fong, 2013 Chikhumbo chapamwamba ', kapena' kungokhala 'chidakwa? Yankho kwa Steele et al., 2013). Mwachitsanzo, kodi malingaliro oterewa amatanthauza kuti kukhala onenepa mopitirira muyeso, kulephera kudya, komanso kusasangalala nazo, kungokhala "kukhumba kwambiri chakudya?"

Kupitilira apo, wina ayenera kuganiza kuti zidakwa zimangokhala ndi chidwi chofuna kumwa mowa, sichoncho? Chowonadi ndichakuti onse omwe ali ndi chizolowezi "amakhala ndi chikhumbo chachikulu" cha zinthu zomwe amakonda kapena zomwe amachita (zotchedwa "kulimbikitsa"), Ngakhale pomwe chisangalalo chawo chazinthu ngati izi chimachepa chifukwa cha kusintha kwina kwaubongo (deensitization). Komabe, sizimathetsa chizolowezi chawo (chomwe chimakhalabe matenda).

Akatswiri ambiri osokoneza bongo amaganiza kuti "anapitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale zotsatira zoipa”Kukhala chizindikilo choyambirira cha zizolowezi zosokoneza bongo Kupatula apo, wina atha kukhala ndi zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti erectile iwonongeke ndipo sangathe kupita patali pakompyuta yake m'chipinda cha amayi ake chifukwa cha zolaula zomwe zimamulimbikitsa komanso kucheza ndi ena. Komabe, malinga ndi ofufuzawa, bola ngati akuwonetsa "chilakolako chofuna kugonana," alibe chizolowezi. Paradigm iyi imanyalanyaza chilichonse chodziwikiratu, kuphatikizapo zizolowezi ndi machitidwe adagawidwa ndi oledzera onse, monga zotsatira zoipa zoipa, kusakhoza kulamulira ntchito, zilakolako, ndi zina zotero.

Tiyeni tiwone bwino maphunziro atatu omwe atchulidwa kuti achirikize zomwe zakambidwa pamwambapa:

1. Steele, Pembedzero, Staley, & Fong, 2013 (Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, chimakhudzana ndi mayankho okhudza kugonana):

Tidakambirana za kafukufukuyu pamwambapa (Steele et al., 2013). Mlembi wa 2013 Nicole Prause adanena zotsutsana ndi anthu awiri Steele et al., 2013:

1. Kuyankha kwam'mutu kumeneku kumasiyana ndi komwe kumawoneka munthawi zina (cocaine anali chitsanzo)
2. Anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri anali "ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana."

Lembani #1) Phunzirolo linalongosola ma eEG apamwamba mawerengedwe pamene nkhani zinawonetsedwa mwachidule ku zithunzi zolaula. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti P300 yakwezeka imachitika pamene anthu oledzera amawonekera (monga mafano) okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi chawo. Izi zikuthandizira zowononga zolaula, monga zolemba za 8 zomwe zikuwerengedweratu Steele et al. anafotokoza (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) ndi pulofesa wa maganizo ofulumira John A. Johnson anafotokoza mu ndemanga pansi pa 2013 Psychology Today Kuyankhulana kwapemphero:

"Maganizo anga akupitilizabe kunena za Pembedzero kuti ubongo wa omvera ake sunayankhe pazithunzi zachiwerewere monga bongo la omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalabadira mankhwala awo, atapatsidwa lipoti lokwanira P300 pazithunzi zogonana. Monga oledzera omwe amawonetsa ma P300 spikes akaperekedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amasankha. Kodi angaganize bwanji zosemphana ndi zotsatira zenizeni? ”

Dr. Johnson, yemwe alibe lingaliro pankhani ya chizolowezi chogonana, Anayankha kachiwiri kachiwiri pansi pa kuyankhulana kwa Prause:

Mustanski akufunsa, "Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali chiani?" Ndipo Prause akuyankha, "Kuphunzira kwathu kunayesa ngati anthu omwe amafotokoza mavutowa [akuthetsa vuto lawo loyang'ana pa Intaneti] amaoneka ngati ena omwe amalephera kuchoka ku ubongo wawo ku zithunzi za kugonana."

Koma kafukufukuyu sanayerekezere zojambulidwa muubongo ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto owongolera momwe angawonere zolaula pa intaneti ndi zojambula zaubongo zochokera kwa omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kujambula kwaubongo kuchokera pagulu losalamulirika, yomwe ikadakhala njira yodziwikiratu yowonera ngati ubongo ukuyankha kuchokera pamavuto gulu limawoneka ngati mayankho amubongo a omwe amamwa kapena omwe siamwawo ....

Lembani #2Mneneri wowerengera a Nicole Prause adati ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amangokhala ndi "chilakolako chofuna kugonana," komabe kafukufukuyu adanenanso za zolaula zomwe zikugwirizana ndi Zochepa chilakolako chogonana. Kunena mwanjira ina, anthu omwe ali ndi ubongo wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amatha kuseweretsa zolaula kuposa kugonana ndi munthu weniweni. Sikuti ndi "mkulu kugonana chikhumbo. ” Chidule cha a ndemanga ya Steele et al. atengedwa kuchokera izi Kufufuza kwa 2015 kwa mabukuwa:

Ndipotu, zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, "Zotsatira za kugonana kwachiwerewere ndizolakalaka kwambiri, osati zosokonezeka, zikufotokozedwa" [303] (p. 1) zikuwoneka kuti palibe malo poyesa kuphunzira kuti kupeza P300 matalikidwe zoipa yokhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu. Monga tafotokozera ku Hilton (2014), kupeza izi "kumatsutsana ndikutanthauzira kwa P300 monga chikhumbo chachikulu" [307]. Kufufuza kwa Hilton kukuwonetsanso kuti kusapezeka kwa gulu lolamulira ndi kulephera kwa teknoloji ya EEG kuti athetse pakati pa "chilakolako chogonana" ndi "kugonana" kumapangitsa Steele et al. zovuta zosatheka [307].

Zotsatira: Zofufuza za Steele et al., 2013 kwenikweni akuphwanya malingaliro opangidwa mu Respond to Gola.

2. Parsons et al., 2015 (Kugonana, Kugonana, Kapena Kugonana Kwambiri? Kupenda Amitundu Osiyana Amuna Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Awo Ndi Mavuto Awo Okhudzana ndi Kugonana):

Monga pafupifupi kafukufuku aliyense yemwe adatchulidwa mu Reply to Gola, kafukufukuyu adalephera kuwunika kuti ndi nkhani ziti zomwe zidasokoneza bongo. Inalemba mafunso awiri omwe amafunsa zokhazokha zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere: "Kukakamira Kugonana" (tafotokoza pamwambapa), ndi "Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory." Palibe mafunso omwe anali ndi chinthu chimodzi chokhudzana ndi zolaula pa intaneti, chifukwa chake kafukufukuyu sangatiuze chilichonse Intaneti.

pamene Parsons et al., 2015 imangodandaula za machitidwe azakugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe apeza zikutsimikizira zabodza kuti "chizolowezi chogonana ndimangotengera chilakolako chofuna kugonana." Ngati chilakolako chachikulu chogonana komanso chizolowezi chogonana chikanakhala chimodzimodzi, pakadakhala gulu limodzi lokha la anthu pagulu. M'malo mwake, kafukufukuyu adafotokoza magulu angapo osiyana, komabe magulu onse adanenanso zakugonana.

Kafukufuku wofufuza amathandizira lingaliro loti kukakamizidwa kugonana (SC) ndi vuto la hypersexual (HD) mwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (GBM) atha kuzindikiridwa kuti ali ndi magulu atatu - Osakakamiza kugonana kapena okonda kugonana; Kugonana kokha, komanso Kugonana komanso chiwerewere-zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala okhwima kwambiri pa SC / HD kupitiriza. Pafupifupi theka (48.9%) lazitsanzo zachiwerewere zotere sizinatchulidwe monga SC kapena HD, 30% ngati SC Yokha, ndi 21.1% ngati Onse SC ndi HD. Ngakhale sitinapeze kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu atatuwa pa kuchuluka kwa amuna ogonana nawo, zogonana kumatako….

Chosavuta: Chikhumbo chachikulu chogonana, monga chimayesedwa ndi mchitidwe wogonana, sichimatiuza zochepa za ngati munthu ali wokonda kugonana kapena ayi. Chinsinsi chake ndikuti chizolowezi chogonana sichofanana ndi "chilakolako chofuna kugonana."

3. Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016 (Pambuyo pa Kugonana, Kugonana, ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha):

Chifukwa chomwe "kalata yopita kwa mkonzi" idatchulidwabe sichimadziwika. Si kafukufuku wowunikiridwa ndi anzawo ndipo sizikhudzana ndi zolaula, zolaula, kapena chiwerewere. Kodi olemba a Reply to Gola akulemba zolemba zawo ndi mapepala osafunikira?

Powombetsa mkota:

• Maphunziro atatuwa omwe sanawatchule sankawone ngati pali vuto lililonse lochita zolaula kapena ayi. Chotsatira chake, iwo sangatiuze pang'ono za zomwe akunena kuti zolaula zimangokhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana.
• Steele, Pembedzero, Staley, & Fong, 2013 inanena kuti kuwonetsa kwakukulu-kugwirizanitsa zolaula kunkagwirizana Zochepa chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu. Izi zimatsutsa kunena kuti zolaula zili ndipamwamba kugonana chikhumbo.
• Parsons et al., 2015 adanenanso kuti zachiwerewere sizinkagwirizana ndi zochitika zogonana. Izi zabodza kunena kuti "ogonana" amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana.
• Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016 ndi kalata yopita ku mkonzi yomwe ilibe kanthu ndi nkhani yomwe ili pafupi.

Tchulani 4: Erectile kupweteka ndi zotsatira zoipa kwambiri zoyipa za ntchito zolaula

LIMANANI: Mitundu yoledzera imaneneratu zotsatira zoyipa. Ngakhale kusokonekera kwa erectile ndiye zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mavuto a erectile samakwezedwa powonera makanema ambiri ogonana (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Prause & Pfaus, 2015; Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 ).

Chonena kuti "kulephera kwa erectile ndiye zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" sichikuthandizidwa. Ndi udzu munthu kutsutsana monga:

1. Palibe pepala lowonetsedwa ndi anzako lomwe linanena kuti kupweteka kwa erectile ndi zotsatira za #1 za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula.
2. Zotsatira za #1 za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula sizinayambe zanenedwa pamapepala owonedwa ndi anzawo (ndipo mwinamwake sadzakhalapo).
3. Izi zimadalira zowawa za zolaula ntchito, zomwe sizili zofanana ndi zotsatira za zolaula osokoneza.

Bwanji ndikanathera Kulephera kwa erectile kukhala zotsatira za #1 zoipa za zolaula ntchito pamene theka lachikazi la anthu lasiya? Ngati vuto lililonse la kugonana linali nambala yotsatira ya zolaula zimayenera kukhala zochepa za libido kapena anorgasmia, kuti aphatikize akazi.

Mulimonsemo, imodzi mwa maphunziro atatuwa omwe adatchulidwa kwenikweni amadziwa kuti ndi nkhani ziti, ngati zilipo, zinali zolaula: Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015. Inde, izi ndizo okha phunziro lomwe limatchulidwa mu Respond to Gola lonse lomwe limatchula ophunzira onse omwe amawaona ngati zolaula. Maphunziro ena awiriwa akutchulidwa pano (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Pembedzero & Pfaus, 2015) sitiuzeni kanthu za ubale pakati pa zizolowezi zolaula ndi erectile dysfunction chifukwa simunayang'ane ngati nkhani yolaula ndi yovuta kapena ayi. Kumveka bwino?

Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwunikire kaye kafukufuku wokhawo woyenera womwe watchulidwa mu Reply to Gola.

Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 (Makhalidwe Oleza Mtima Mwachilolezo Chogonana: Kuwongolera Zithunzi Zowonongeka Zokhudza Milandu Yachikhalidwe ya 115):

Ndi kafukufuku wa amuna (azaka zapakati pa 41.5) kufunafuna chithandizo cha zovuta zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere, monga paraphilias ndi maliseche kapena chigololo. 27 adadziwika kuti ndi "oletsa kuseweretsa maliseche," kutanthauza kuti amadziseweretsa maliseche (makamaka ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula) ola limodzi kapena kupitilira apo patsiku kapena kupitilira maola 7 pasabata. 71% ya ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula amaonetsa mavuto ogwira ntchito yogonana, ndi 33% malipoti akuchedwa kuchepa (nthawi zambiri chithunzithunzi cha zolaula-chinachititsa ED).

Ndi zovuta ziti zakugonana zomwe 38% ya amuna otsala ali nayo? Kafukufuku sanena, ndipo olembawo anyalanyaza zopempha zobwereza. Zosankha zazikulu ziwiri zakugonana kwa amuna m'badwo uno ndi ED komanso otsika libido. Amunawo sanafunsidwe za momwe amagwirira ntchito erectile popanda zolaula. Nthawi zambiri amuna samadziwa kuti ali ndi zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa ED ngati sakuchita zachiwerewere ndipo pachimake pake pamakhala zolaula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mavuto azakugonana atha kukhala opitilira 71% mwa omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Chifukwa chomwe Yankho kwa Gola adatchulira kafukufukuyu ngati umboni kuti "zoyipa" zomwe sizimakhudzana ndi zolaula zimakhalabe chinsinsi.

Sutton et al., 2015 yasinthidwa ndi phunziro lina lokha kuti mufufuze mwachindunji ubale womwe ulipo pakati pazovuta zakugonana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Phunziro la 2016 Belgian kuchokera ku yunivesite yotsogola yotsogola yapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pamavuto pa intaneti kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya erectile ndikuchepetsa kukhutira pakugonana. Komabe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula anali ndi zilakolako zambiri. Phunziroli likuwonekeranso kuti likuchulukira, popeza amuna 49% adawona zolaula zomwe "sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kapena kuti iwo ankaona kuti zonyansa. "

Pamenepo, pa maphunziro a 30 awonetseratu chiyanjano ichi pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula / zolaula ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana kapena kuchepa kwa kugonana. Zotsatira zoyambirira za 5 m'ndandanda umenewu zikuwonetsa zovuta monga momwe ophunzira adachotsera kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi kuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kuwonjezerapo, kupitirira Zotsatira za 60 zimagwirizanitsa zolaula kuchepetsa kugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale. Zikumveka ngati "zoyipa zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula" kwa ine.

Ngakhale "zolaula" zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula "debunking" sizikhala ndi vuto pakukhala ndi "zolaula," tikutsatira kuti tione maphunziro awiri oyamba omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa akuti kulibe ubale pakati pa kukanika kwa erectile ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula masiku ano.

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kafukufuku wofufuza za amuna achichepere kuyambira 2010 amafotokoza zochitika zakale zakugonana, komanso kuchuluka kwa mliri watsopano: low libido. Zonse zalembedwa mu pepala ili lothandizidwa ndi anzawo la 2016.

Pembedzero & Pfaus 2015 (Kuwona Maganizo Ogonana Okhudzana ndi Kugonana Kwakukulu, Osati Erectile Dysfunction):

Popeza kuti izi zikuphatikizidwa papepala sizinatchulepo nkhani zina zowononga zolaula, zomwe zapeza sizingagwirizane ndi zomwe akunena kuti zolaula zakhala zolakwika. Pembedzero & Pfaus 2015 sinali kuphunzira konse. M'malo mwake, a Prause akuti adasonkhanitsa deta kuchokera m'maphunziro ake anayi am'mbuyomu, palibe yomwe idafotokoza zovuta za erectile. Vuto lina: Palibe chidziwitso cha Pembedzero & Pfaus (2015) pepala likutsutsana ndi zomwe zili m'mayunivesite anayi oyambirira. Zosagwirizana siziri zazing'ono ndipo sizinafotokozedwe.

Ndemanga ya wofufuza Richard A. Isenberg MD, lofalitsidwa mkati Mankhwala Opatsirana Mwachiwerewere Kuwonekera, imatchula zosiyana (koma osati zonse) zosagwirizana, zolakwika, ndi zodzinenera zosagwirizana (a kuika ndemanga kumalongosola zosiyana zambiri). Nicole Prause & Jim Pfaus adanenanso zabodza zingapo kapena zosagwirizana ndi pepalali.

Nkhani zambiri za atolankhani za kafukufukuyu zati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumayambitsa bwino zolemba, komabe si zomwe pepalalo linapeze. Pa zofunsidwazo, Nicole Prause ndi Jim Pfaus ananamizira kuti anayeza zoyezera mu labata, komanso kuti amuna omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ankachita bwino kwambiri. Mu Pemphero la Jim Pfaus Pfaus anati:

"Tidawona kulumikizana kwa kuthekera kwawo kuti akonzekeretsere labu."

"Tapeza kulumikizana kwapafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe amaziwona kunyumba, ndipo zotulukapo zomwe amalandira erection ndizothamanga."

In kuyankhulana kwa radiyo iyi Nyuzipepala ya Nicole inanenanso kuti mayendedwe amawerengedwa mu labu. Ndemanga yeniyeni yochokera kuwonetsero:

"Anthu ambiri akamayang'ana zochitika panyumba amakhala ndi mayankho olimba pakati pa labu, osachepetsedwa."

Komabe pepalali silinawunikenso mtundu wa erection mu labu kapena "kuthamanga kwakanthawi." Nyuzipepalayi inangonena kuti yafunsa anyamata kuti ayese "kukondweretsedwa" atawona zolaula mwachidule (ndipo sizikudziwika kuchokera pamapepala omwe anali kuti izi zidachitikiradi maphunziro onse). Mulimonsemo, mawu ochokera papepala palokha adavomereza kuti:

"Palibe chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi maliseche chomwe chidaphatikizidwa kuti chithandizire zomwe amuna adanenapo."

Pachifukwa chachiwiri chosagwirizana, mlembi wamkulu Nicole Prause tweeted maulendo angapo ponena za phunziroli, kulola dziko kudziwa kuti nkhani za 280 zimakhudzidwa, komanso kuti "alibe mavuto kunyumba." Komabe, maphunzirowa anayi ali ndi nkhani za amuna 234 okha, choncho "280" ili kutali.

Dandaulo lachitatu losavomerezedwa: Dr. Isenberg anadabwa kuti zingatheke bwanji Pembedzero & Pfaus 2015 kuti ayerekeze mitu yosiyanasiyana 'pamitu itatu zosiyana mitundu yonyansa yogonana idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 4 yopitiliza maphunziro. Maphunziro awiri omwe anagwiritsa ntchito filimu ya 3-imodzi, kafukufuku wina anagwiritsa ntchito filimu yachiwiri ya 20, ndipo phunziro limodzi linagwiritsabe ntchito zithunzi. Zatsimikiziridwa bwino kuti Mafilimu amaukweza kwambiri kuposa zithunzi, kotero palibe gulu lochita kafukufuku lovomerezeka lomwe lingagwirizane pamodzi kuti lipereke zonena za mayankho awo. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti pamapepala awo Prause & Pfaus sazindikira kuti maphunziro onse a 4 amagwiritsa ntchito makanema ogonana:

"VSS yomwe inapezeka mu maphunzirowo inali mafilimu onse."

Mawu awa ndi abodza, monga akuwonekera poyera pamaphunziro a Prause omwe.

Chigamulo chachinayi chosamutsimikiziridwa: Dr Isenberg adafunsanso kuti Pembedzero & Pfaus 2015 idafanizira mitu yosiyanasiyana ' kokha 1 za 4 zomwe zimayambira maphunziro ogwiritsa ntchito 1 ku 9 msinkhu. Wina adagwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya 0 mpaka 7, wina adagwiritsa ntchito 1 mpaka 7, ndipo kafukufuku m'modzi sanafotokozere zakukonda. Apanso Pembedzero & Pfaus sadziwa kuti:

"Amuna adafunsidwa kuti asonyeze kuchuluka kwawo kwa" kugonana "kuchokera ku 1" osati konse "ku 9" kwambiri. "

Izi nazonso ndi zabodza monga mapepala oyambirira akuwonetsera. Mwachidule, mitu yonse yopangidwa ndi Prause yokhudza zolaula zowonongeka kapena kuukitsa, kapena china chirichonse, sizolondola. Pembedzero & Pfaus 2015 inanenanso kuti iwo sapeza mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika zambiri za erectile ndi zolaula zomwe zimawonedwa mwezi wathawu. Monga Dr. Isenberg adanenera:

"Chododometsa kwambiri ndichakuti kusiyidwa kwathunthu kwa ziwerengero za zotsatira za ntchito ya erectile. Palibe zotsatira zowerengera zomwe zaperekedwa. M'malo mwake olemba amafunsa wowerenga kuti angokhulupirira zomwe sananene kuti panalibe mgwirizano pakati pa zolaula zomwe zimawonedwa ndi ntchito ya erectile. Popeza malingaliro otsutsana a olembawo akuti erectile imagwira ntchito ndi bwenzi litha kusinthidwa mwa kuwona zolaula pomwe kusowa kwa ziwerengero kuli kochititsa chidwi kwambiri. ”

Poyankha ndi Pfaus poyankha Dr. Isenberg, adalephera kupereka chilichonse kuti chithandizire "mawu osatsimikizika." Monga zolemba izi, yankho la Prause & Pfaus sikuti limangothetsa nkhawa zovomerezeka za Dr. Isenberg, lili ndi zingapo yatsopano ziwonetsero zopanda pake ndi maumboni ambiri onama amodzi. Pomaliza, Kuwerengera kwa mabuku a madokotala asanu ndi awiri a ku Navy adayankhapo Pembedzero & Pfaus 2015:

"Ndemanga yathuyi idaphatikizaponso mapepala awiri a 2015 omwe amati zolaula za pa intaneti sizigwirizana ndi zovuta zakukula kwa anyamata. Komabe, zonena izi zimawoneka kuti sizinachitike msanga poyang'anitsitsa mapepalawa ndikutsutsidwa mwatsatanetsatane. Pepala loyamba lili ndi zidziwitso zothandiza pantchito yokhudzana ndi kugonana mu ED yachinyamata [50]. Komabe, bukhu ili lakhala likutsutsidwa chifukwa cha kusiyana kosiyana, kusokonekera ndi njira zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, sizimapereka zotsatira za chiwerengero cha erectile ntchito zotsatira measure poyerekeza ndi zolaula pa Intaneti ntchito. Komanso, monga dokotala wofufuzira akufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za pepala, olemba a mapepala, "sadapereke owerenga ndi chidziŵitso chokwanira chodziŵika ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe anaphunzira kapena chiŵerengerochi chikufufuza kuti zivomereze zomaliza zawo" [51]. Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuzawo anafufuzira maola olaula a pa Intaneti pokhapokha akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwezi watha. Komabe, kufufuza pa zolaula zolaula za pa Intaneti zapeza kuti maola ambiri a pa Intaneti omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito paokha amakhala osagwirizana ndi "mavuto a moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku", malemba ambiri pa SAST-R (Sexual Addiction Screening Test), ndi malemba pa IATsex (chida omwe amawonetsa chizolowezi chogonana pa Intaneti) [52, 53, 54, 55, 56]. Kukonzekera bwino ndiko kugonana kokondweretsa kugonana pamene mukuwonera zolaula za pa intaneti (cue reactivity), chigwirizano chokhazikika cha khalidwe loledzera m'zovuta zonse [52, 53, 54]. Palinso umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti nthawi imene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa masewera a pa Intaneti sakuneneratu kuti munthu amayamba kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. "Kusokoneza bongo kungayesedwe bwino ngati zolinga, zotsatira ndi zochitika za khalidweli ndizo mbali ya zofufuza" [57]. Magulu atatu ochita kafukufuku, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "kugonana kosagonana" (osagwiritsa ntchito maola ambiri), adagwirizana kwambiri ndi zovuta zogonana [15, 30, 31]. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti m'malo mongogwiritsa ntchito "maola ogwiritsa ntchito", mitundu ingapo ndiyofunika kwambiri pakuwunika zolaula / chiwerewere, ndipo ndiyofunikanso kwambiri pakuwunika zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula. "

Nyuzipepala yaku US Navy idanenanso za kufooka pakulumikiza "maola omwe agwiritsidwe ntchito" kungoneneratu zovuta zakugonana. Kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimawonedwa pano ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikupanga zolaula za ED. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

1. Kugonana kwa maliseche ndi zolaula popanda zolaula
2. Kugonana kwa munthu ndi maliseche ku zolaula
3. Ziphuphu m'magulu amtundu wina (pamene munthu amadalira zolaula)
4. Namwali kapena ayi
5. Maola ambiri ogwiritsiridwa ntchito
6. Zaka za ntchito
7. Age anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula
8. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yatsopano
9. Kukula kwa zolaula zopangidwa ndi zolaula (kuyambira pakufika ku zolaula zatsopano)
10. Makhalidwe atsopano pa gawo (ie mavidiyo osonkhanitsa, ma tebulo ambiri)
11. Ubongo wokhudzana ndi mowa umasintha kapena ayi
12. Kukhalapo kwa chiwerewere / zolaula

Njira yabwino yofufuzira izi, ndikuchotsa kusinthasintha kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti ndikuwona zotsatira, zomwe zinachitika mu pepala la Navy ndi maphunziro ena awiri. Kufufuza koteroku kumawulula zovuta mmalo mwa mgwirizano wosasinthasintha wotsegulidwa kutanthauzira mosiyana. Malo Anga yatchulidwa amuna zikwi zingapo omwe anachotsa zolaula ndikuchira ku zovuta zogonana zogonana.

Landripet & Štulhofer 2015 (Kodi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Zokhudzana ndi Mavuto Ogonana ndi Zovuta pakati pa Amuna Amodzi Amuna Amodzi Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Kulankhulana Kwachidule):

Monga ndi Pembedzero & Pfaus, 2015, "Kulankhulana Kwachidule" uku kunalephera kuzindikira nkhani zilizonse zolaula. Popanda zolaula omwe amawunika sangapusitse "zoyipa" zakugonana. Yankho kwa Gola lidatero Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015 sinapeze mgwirizano pakati pa kugonana ndi zovuta zogonana. Izi sizowona, monga zolembedwa mu zonsezi YBOP iyi ikutsutsani ndi Nkhondo ya ku US Navy ikuyendera mabukuwa:

Papepala lachiwiri linanena kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zolaula za pa Intaneti pa chaka chatha ndi ma ED a amuna akugonana ochokera ku Norway, Portugal ndi Croatia [6]. Olemba awa, mosiyana ndi omwe ali pamapepala apitayi, amavomereza kuti ED ali ndi amuna akuluakulu ndi ochepa, ndipo amapezadi ED komanso chilakolako chogonana chokhudzana ndi 40% ndi 31%, motero. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kafukufuku wosakanizidwa pa Intaneti pa 37 ndi mmodzi wa mapepalawa analemba kuti ED ya 2004% mwa amuna 5.8-35 [58]. Komabe, polemba kufotokozera, olembawo amanena kuti zolaula za pa Intaneti sizikuwoneka kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa ED. Izi zikuwoneka ngati zowopsya, chifukwa amuna a Chipwitikizi omwe adawafunsa adafotokoza kuti anthu ambiri akugonana ndi a ku Norway, komanso a 40% a Chipwitikizi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula "pafupipafupi pa sabata kufikira tsiku lililonse", poyerekezera ndi a Norwegiya , 57%, ndi Croatians, 59%. Mapepalawa adatsutsidwa mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo osiyanasiyana omwe angaphatikizepo mgwirizano wowongoka ndi wosagwirizana pakati pa mitundu yomwe imadziwika kapena yoganiza kuti ikugwira ntchito [59]. Mwachidziwikire, pamapepala okhudzana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana kuphatikizapo ambiri mwa omwe akufufuza nawo kuchokera ku Portugal, Croatia ndi Norway, amunawa anafunsidwa kuti ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe amakhulupirira kuti zathandiza kuti asakhale ndi chidwi chogonana. Zina mwa zina, pafupifupi 11% -22% anasankha "Ndimagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri" ndipo 16% -26% anasankha "Ndimasewera modzidzimutsa" [60].

Monga momwe madotolo a Navy amafotokozera, pepalali lidapeza kulumikizana kofunikira kwambiri: Ndi 40% yokha ya amuna achi Portuguese omwe adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula "pafupipafupi, pomwe 60% ya anthu aku Norway adachita zolaula" kawirikawiri. Amuna achi Portuguese anali ndi vuto lochepa kwambiri logonana kuposa anthu aku Norway. Ponena za a Croatia, Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015 amavomereza mgwirizano wofunika kwambiri pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kawirikawiri ndi ED, komabe kudalira kukula kwake kuli kochepa. Komabe, izi zikhoza kukhala zonyenga malingana ndi MD yemwe ali wolemba masewera odziwa mbiri ndipo adalemba maphunziro ambiri:

Kusanthula njira ina (Chi squared),… kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono (vs. kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi) kudawonjezera zovuta (kuthekera) kokhala ndi ED pafupifupi 50% mwa anthu aku Croatia. Izi zikuwoneka zomveka kwa ine, ngakhale zili zochititsa chidwi kuti zomwe adapeza zimangopezeka pakati pa anthu aku Croatia.

Kuphatikiza apo, Landripet & Stulhofer 2015 inasiyanitsa mgwirizano wofunika kwambiri, womwe wa olembawo waperekedwa msonkhano wa ku Ulaya. Adanenanso za kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa kukanika kwa erectile ndi "zokonda zamtundu wina wa zolaula":

“Kunena kuti amakonda mitundu yolaula kwambiri yogwirizana ndi erectile (koma osati kukondera kapena kukondana) mwamuna kukanika kugonana. "

Ndikunena izi Landripet & Stulhofer anasankha kuchotsa mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa zovuta za erectile ndi zokonda za zolaula zosiyana siyana zomwe zili pamapepala awo. Zimakhala zachilendo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti zikhale zosiyana ndi zofuna zawo zoyambirira zogonana, komanso kuti awonetsere ED pamene zolaulazi sizigwirizana ndi kugonana kwenikweni. Monga momwe ife ndi US Navy tanenera pamwambapa, ndizofunikira kuyesa mitundu yambiri yogwirizanitsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula - osati maola okha mwezi watha, kapena kawirikawiri chaka chatha.

Chotsatira chachiwiri chosapezeka Landripet & Stulhofer 2015 okhudzidwa ndi amayi:

Tchulani 5: Anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amadana kwambiri ndi zolaula zawo kusiyana ndi kukhulupirira Mulungu

LIMANANI: Komanso, zokhudzana ndi kuwonetsa mafilimu opatsirana pogonana zasonyeza kuti zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chosamalitsa komanso mbiri yachipembedzo (Grubbs et al., 2014). Izi zimathandizira chitsanzo cha manyazi cha chikhalidwe cha mafilimu owonetsera mafilimu.

Apa kuyesera kwa Yankho kwa Gola kuti athetse vuto lokonda zolaula kumangopita kutali kwambiri ndi chandamale. Kodi tingatani kuti tipeze zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuwoneka kuti anthu opembedza amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri pazakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa omwe sakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu? Kodi izi zikusokoneza bwanji mtundu wa zolaula? Sizitero. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku yemwe watchulidwa sanakhudzidwe ndi "zovuta zokhudzana ndi kuyang'ana mafilimu."

Izi zati, zolemba zingapo zokhudzana ndi maphunziro a Joshua Grubbs ("maphunziro omwe amadziwika kuti ndi osokoneza bongo") ayesa kujambula chithunzi chosocheretsa pazomwe amaphunzira kuti ali osokoneza bongo amafotokozanso ndi zomwe apezazi akutanthauza. Poyankha nkhani zabodzazi, YBOP idasindikiza ichi chachikulu critique za zomwe zinaperekedwa mu maphunziro omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi vutoli komanso m'nkhani zolakwika.

ZOCHITA: Phunziro latsopano (Fernandez et al., 2017) adayesedwa ndikuwunika CPUI-9, funso loti "adazindikira zolaula" lopangidwa ndi Joshua Grubbs, ndikuwona kuti silingathe kuwunika molondola "zolaula" or "Zolaula zolaula" (Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsa Ntchito Zowonjezera-Zithunzi za 9 Zimasonyeza Kukhumudwa Kwenizeni pa Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito? Kufufuza Ntchito Yodziletsa). Inapezanso kuti 1/3 pamafunso a CPUI-9 ayenera kusiyidwa kuti abweretse zotsatira zoyenera zokhudzana ndi "kusayanjana mwamakhalidwe", "kupembedza", komanso "maola owonera zolaula." Zomwe zapezazi zikubweretsa kukayikira kwakukulu pamalingaliro omwe atengedwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku aliyense yemwe wagwiritsa ntchito CPUI-9 kapena kudalira maphunziro omwe adagwiritsa ntchito. Zambiri mwazofufuza ndi kutsutsidwa kwatsopano zikufanana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwazi YBOP yambani.

Grubbs et al., 2014 (Kupepesa Monga Chizolowezi: Kukhulupirira Zipembedzo ndi Kusayendetsa Makhalidwe Monga Otsutsa a Kulimbana Ndi Zolaula):

Chowonadi cha phunziro ili:

1. Kafukufukuyu adalephera kuzindikira kuti ndi ndani yemwe sanali osokoneza bongo, motero sizoyenera kuwunika zolaula.
2. Mosiyana ndi zomwe Reply adayankha Gola pamwambapa, kafukufukuyu sanakhudzidwe ndi "zovuta zokhudzana ndi kuyang'ana mafilimu."Liwu loti" mavuto "silili mu zenizeni za kuphunzira.
3. Mosiyana ndi Yankho kwa Gola ndi Grubbs et al., 2014 mapeto, kugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri zolaula kunali kwenikweni kwa nthawi yolaula, osati kupembedza! Onani gawo lalikululi ndi matebulo owerengera, malumikizidwe, ndi zomwe kafukufukuyu adapeza.
4. Tikawononga mafunso okhudzana ndi zolaula a Grubbs (CPUI-9), ubale pakati pa "chipembedzo" komanso zizolowezi zoyipa (Mafunso Oyeserera a 4-6) sichipezeka. Mwachidule: chipembedzo sichikugwirizana leni zolaula.
5. Kumbali ina, ubale wamphamvu kwambiri ulipo pakati pa "maola ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" ndi makhalidwe oipa monga adayesedwa ndi mafunso a "Kuyesetsa Kufikira" 4-6. Mwachidule: Kuledzera kwauchidakwa kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuonera zolaula.

The Reply to Gola, olemba mabulogu ngati David Ley, ngakhale Grubbs mwiniwake, akuwoneka kuti akuyesetsa kupanga meme kuti manyazi achipembedzo ndiwo "enieni" omwe amachititsa zolaula. Komabe sizowona kuti maphunziro omwe amadziwika kuti ndi osokoneza bongo ndiumboni wa mfundo yolankhulirayi. Apanso, kusanthula kwakukuluku debunks the “Zizolowezi zolaula ndi zamanyazi zachipembedzo zokha" Funsani. Meme imasweka mukaganiza kuti:

1. Manyazi achipembedzo samapangitsa kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumawoneka ngati omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mosiyana, alipo tsopano 41 maphunziro a ubongo Kukambirana ubongo wokhudzana ndi chiwerewere kumasintha kwa anthu ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula / ogwiritsira ntchito kugonana.
2. Maphunziro omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ovuta sanagwiritse ntchito gawo la anthu achipembedzo. M'malo mwake, okhawo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula (achipembedzo kapena osakhulupirira) adafunsidwa. Kulephera kwa maphunziro kumapereka chiwerengero chocheperapo cha chiwerewere ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula mwachipembedzo (phunzirani 1, phunzirani 2, phunzirani 3, phunzirani 4, phunzirani 5, phunzirani 6, phunzirani 7, phunzirani 8, phunzirani 9, phunzirani 10, phunzirani 11, phunzirani 12, phunzirani 13, phunzirani 14, phunzirani 15, phunzirani 16, phunzirani 17, phunzirani 18, phunzirani 19, phunzirani 20, phunzirani 21, phunzirani 22, phunzirani 23, phunzirani 24).
   • Izi zikutanthauza kuti zitsanzo za Grubbs za "ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo" ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo zimasunthidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yomwe idalipo kale kapena zovuta zina.
   • Zikutanthauzanso kuti "chipembedzo" chimatero osati taneneretu kuledzera. Mmalo mwake, chipembedzo chimaoneka amateteza wina kuchoka ku zizolowezi zolaula.
3. ambiri anthu okhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu komanso osakhulupirira kukhala ndi chizolowezi chogonana. Maphunziro awiri a 2016 pa amuna omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pamapeto miyezi yotsiriza ya 6, kapena miyezi yotsiriza ya 3, adanena zapamwamba zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (28% pa maphunziro onse awiri).
4. Kukhala wachipembedzo sikumayambitsa vuto losatha la erectile, low libido ndi anorgasmia mwa anyamata athanzi. Komabe maphunziro ambiri Gwiritsani ntchito zolaula kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndikuchepetsa kugonana, komanso Mitengo ya ED yasokonezedwa ndi 1000% mwa amuna ochepera zaka 40 kuyambira zolaula "zolaula" zidakopa chidwi cha owonera zolaula kuyambira kumapeto kwa 2006.
5. izi Kafukufuku wa 2016 pa odwala opaleshoni yolaula anapeza kuti kupembedza sizinagwirizane ndi zizindikiro zosayenerera kapena zowerengeka pafunso lachizoloŵezi chogonana. Izi Kafukufuku wa 2016 pa zofuna zogonana zogonana apezeka Palibe ubale pakati pa kudzipereka kwachipembedzo ndi machitidwe omwe amadziwika okha a khalidwe lachiwerewere komanso zotsatira zake.
6. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti monga kuopsa kwa zizolowezi zawo zolaula kumawonjezereka, anthu achipembedzo nthawi zambiri amabwerera kuzipembedzo, amapita ku tchalitchi mobwerezabwereza, ndipo amakhala odzipereka kwambiri kuti aganizire (kuganiza 12 Steps). Izi zokha zikhoza kuyanjanitsa mgwirizano uliwonse pakati pa zizolowezi zolaula ndi chipembedzo.

Powombetsa mkota:

• Phunziro loti "Reply to Gola" komanso phunziro limodzi lokha limatanthawuza kuti palibe cholakwika ndi zolaula.
• Kafukufuku wa 2014 Grubbs "wodziwika kuti ndi woledzera" adapeza kuti zolaula zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimawonedwa kuposa zachipembedzo.
• Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti "manyazi" achipembedzo amachititsa kusintha kwa ubongo, koma kusintha kumeneku kwapezeka mobwerezabwereza ubongo wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.
• Pali umboni wambiri wosonyeza kuti kupembedza kumatetezera anthu kuti asamagwiritse ntchito zolaula.
• Zitsanzo za Grubbs za "ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo" sizogawika, motero zimasokonekera kuzowonjezera zakubadwa kapena zovuta zina.
• Kafukufuku wina waposachedwapa adanena kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa zizoloŵezi zolaula ndi chikhulupiliro mwa amuna omwe akufuna chithandizo.

pomwe: maphunziro awiri atsopano amachititsa chidwi pakati pa anthu kuti "zipembedzo zimayambitsa zolaula":

• Kuphunzira kwatsopano kumalepheretsa Grubbs CPUI-9 kukhala chida choyesa "zolaula zolaula" kapena zovuta zolaula (2017)
• Anthu Ambiri Amagwiritsa Ntchito Zopanda Pang'ono Pang'ono Ndiponso Sakanakhalanso Zokhulupilira Kuti Amakhala Osokonezeka (2017)

CHIGAWO CHACHIWIRI: Critique ya Zosankha Zochepa Zosankhidwa

Introduction

M'chigawo chino tifufuza zina mwazosagwirizana ndi manenedwe abodza omwe adayankhidwa mu Reply to Gola. Ngakhale kuli kuyesa kutsutsa Yankho ku Gola mzere ndi mzere, kufooka kwake kwakukulu ndikuti zifukwa zake ndizapadera. Amalephera kuthana ndi zomwe zili mu YBOP yambani kapena kafukufuku wowerengedwera wa 9 Prause et al. 2015 (kuphatikiza a Matuesz Gola): Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Prause et al., 2015. Ofufuza onse a 9 amavomereza kuti Prause et al., 2015 kwenikweni inapeza deensitization kapena habituation, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kapena Pemphero silinena zoonekeratu: Ngakhale Prause et al. 2015 sanapeze chidziwitso-chochitikanso, pali 21 maphunziro amitsempha omwe afotokoza za cue-reacaction kapena zolakalaka (kulimbikitsa) mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kafukufuku wolimbikitsa kulimbikitsa (chidwi-kuyambiranso & kulakalaka) mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24. Mu sayansi, simukupita ndi phunziro lokhalo lauchidziwitso - mumapita ndi kusokonezeka kwa umboni.

Mfundo zotsatirazi za Yankho kwa Gola zikugwirizana ndi zomwe Mateusz Gola amadandaula nazo Prause et al., Zolakwika za 2015 zolakwika. Zolakwa zingapo zazikulu mu izi ndi zina Zopempherera Zopempherera zimasiya zotsatira zofufuza ndikugwirizanitsa zifukwa zotsutsa kwakukulu:

1. Zolinga sizinayesedwe kuti zikhale zovuta zowonongeka (nkhani zomwe zingathe kungoyankha funso limodzi).
2. Mafunso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito sanafunse zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndipo sanali oyenera kuwunika "zolaula."
3. Zida zinali zosiyana (amuna, akazi, osagonana).
4. Zida sizinayesedwe kuti zikhale zovuta za matenda a maganizo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuledzera, kapena kusokoneza maganizo (chilichonse chomwe chimakhala chosasamala).

Yankhani Kuti Mudziwe: Prause et al., 2015 idagwiritsa ntchito "njira zoyenera" polemba ndi kuzindikira omwe ndi omwe anali osokoneza bongo komanso Voon et al., 2014 sanatero.

Palibe chomwe chingakhale chowonjezera pa choonadi, monga Prause et al. njira zinalephera pa mlingo uliwonse, pomwe Voon et al. anagwiritsa ntchito njira mosamala pantchito yolembedwa, kuwunika ndikuwunika maphunziro ake a "zolaula".

Chiyambi chaching'ono. Pembedzero poyerekeza pafupifupi Kuwerenga kwa EEG kwa 55 "zolaula" kwa pafupifupi Kuwerenga kwa EEG kwa 67 "osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo." Komabe kuvomerezeka kwa Prause et al., 2015 idzadalira kwathunthu poyerekeza ndi kusintha kwa ubongo wa a gulu of zolaula zimanyansidwa ku gulu of osadwala. Pazomwe Prause ananena zabodza komanso mitu yakukhumudwitsa yomwe idapangitsa kuti ikhale yolondola, onse mwa omvera a 55 a Prause amayenera kuti anali osokoneza bongo. Osati ena, osati ambiri, koma nkhani iliyonse (monga ma Voon anali). Zizindikiro zonse zimaloza pamitu yamaphunziro a 55 Prause kukhala osakhala osokoneza bongo. Chidule cha Steele et al., 2013 imalongosola njira yonse yosankhira ndi ndondomeko zosankhira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 3 Prause Studies (Prause et al., 2013,  Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015):

"Zoyeserera zoyambirira zimafuna kuti odwala omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana alembedwe, koma Institutional Review Board idaletsa izi chifukwa akuti kuwulula anthu odzipereka ku VSS kutha kuyambiranso. M'malo mwake, ophunzira adasankhidwa kuchokera pagulu la Pocatello, Idaho pa intaneti malonda akufunsira anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto omwe akuwongolera momwe amaonera zithunzi zachiwerewere. "

Ndichoncho. Njira yokhayo yophatikizira inali kuyankha inde ku funso limodzi: "Kodi mukukumana ndi mavuto owonetsa momwe mumaonera zithunzi zogonana. ” Choyamba zolakwika zooneka Zimaphatikizapo funso loyesa kugwiritsidwa ntchito, limene limangopempha za kugonana basi zithunzi, osati za kuonera zolaula pa intaneti, makamaka mavidiyo omwe amawonetseratu (omwe amaoneka ngati mafilimu omwe amachititsa zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri).

Cholakwika chachikulu kwambiri ndi chakuti Pulogalamu Yopemphera sinawonetsere nkhani zomwe zingakhalepo pogwiritsa ntchito kugonana kapena mafunso okhudza zolaula (monga Voon et al. anachita). Ngakhalenso nkhani zomwe zingakhalepo zingapempheke ngati kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunakhudza miyoyo yawo, kaya iwo akudziyesa okhawo kuti akulowerera ku zolaula, kapena ngati ali ndi zizindikiro zolimbitsa thupi (monga Voon et al. anachita).

Musakhululuke, ngakhale Steele et al., 2013 kapena Prause et al., 2015 adalongosola mitu iyi 55 ngati ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kapena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Ophunzirawo adangovomereza kuti "akumva chisoni" ndi zolaula zawo. Kutsimikizira kusakanikirana kwa nzika zake, a Prause adavomereza Kuyankhulana kwa 2013 kuti ena a maphunziro a 55 anali ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono (omwe amatanthauza kuti anali osati zolaula):

“Kafukufukuyu amangophatikiza anthu omwe amafotokoza mavuto, kuyambira zochepa zovuta zazikulu, kuwongolera mawonekedwe awo azowonera zolaula. ”

Powonjezera kulephera kuwonetsa nkhani zowononga zolaula, 3 Stuuse Studies inasankha kunyalanyaza ndondomeko zoyenera zoletsedwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti zisawonongeke. Prause Studies sanatero:

• Zolemba pazithunzi za zochitika zamaganizo (kuchotsedwa mwadzidzidzi)
• Zojambula pazithunzi za zovuta zina (kusasulidwa mwachangu)
• Afunseni ophunzira ngati akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a psychotropic (nthawi zambiri osasamala)
• Zithunzi zamakono kwa anthu omwe akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Voon et al., 2014 anachita zonsezi pamwamba ndi zina zambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti akufufuzira zapadera zokhazokha, zizoloŵezi zolaula zolaula. Komabe Prause et al., 2015 adavomereza kuti amagwira ntchito ayi Zomwe zingalepheretse maphunziro:

"Popeza kuti kugonana kwachiwerewere si matenda ovomerezeka ndipo tinali oletsedwa kufunsa odwala, palibe malire omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi vuto"

Zikuwoneka kuti pamalingaliro a Prause kungoyankha funso limodzi lokha pamakwaniritsa njira zopatula Phunziro la Prause. Izi zimatifikitsa ku nkhawa ya Matuesz Gola pankhani ya a Prause osakhala zolaula, popeza amangowonera zolaula za 3.8 sabata limodzi, pomwe omvera a Voon amawona maola 13.2 pa sabata:

Mateusz Gola: "Ndikoyenera kuzindikira kuti mu Prause et al. (2015) ogwiritsa ntchito zovuta amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupifupi 3.8 h / sabata ndizofanana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ku Kühn ndi Gallinat (2014) omwe amadya pafupifupi 4.09 h / sabata. Mu Voon et al. (2014) osagwiritsa ntchito mavuto adanenanso za 1.75 h / sabata komanso 13.21 h / sabata yamavuto (SD = 9.85) - zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi Voon pamsonkhano wa American Psychological Science mu Meyi 2015. ”

Maola olaula amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sabata pa phunziro lirilonse:

• Voon et al: Maola a 13.2 (onse anali oledzera)
• Kuhn & Gallinat: Maola a 4.1 (palibe omwe amawerengedwa ngati oledzera)
• Prause et al: Maola 3.8 (palibe amene amadziwa)

Gola adasinkhasinkhanso momwe maphunziro a 55 a Prause atha kukhala osokoneza bongo (cholinga "chonamizira zolaula") akawonerera Zochepa zolaula kuposa Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 osadwala. Momwe mungakhalire m'dzikoli onse a Prause nkhani akhale "osokoneza bongo" liti palibe wa Kühn & Gallinat Kodi ndizovuta zolaula? Komabe amalembedwa, maphunziro ayenera kufananizidwa pamaphunziro onse musananene kuti "mwachita zabodza" kafukufuku wopikisana. Iyi ndi njira yoyambira sayansi.

Chifukwa chake, kodi a Prause & kampani adathetsa bwanji mabowo omwe anali akusoweka pantchito ndi kuwunika anthu awo? Mwa kuukira njira zanzeru za Voon et al., 2014! Choyamba, kufotokozera ndondomeko yowatumizira anthu, kufufuza njira zowononga zolaula, ndi njira zochotsera zochotsera zochotsedwa Voon et al., 2014 (onaninso Schmidt et al., 2016 & Banca et al., 2016):

"Maphunziro a CSB adalembedwa kudzera kutsatsa kwapaintaneti komanso kuchokera kwa omwe adathandizira. HV yamwamuna yofanana ndi zaka idasankhidwa kuchokera kutsatsa komwe kumakhala mdera la East Anglia. Ophunzira onse a CSB adafunsidwa ndi katswiri wazamisala kuti atsimikizire kuti akwaniritsa njira zodziwira za CSB (adakwaniritsa njira zodziwira matenda onse a hypersexual [Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012] ndi chizolowezi chogonana [Carnes et al., 2007]), poyang'ana kugwiritsira ntchito zovuta kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Izi zinayesedwa pogwiritsira ntchito kusintha kwa Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASES) [Mcgahuey et al., 2011], pomwe mafunso adayankhidwa pamlingo wa 1-8, ndi maiko apamwamba omwe akuyimira kufooketsa kwakukulu. Chifukwa cha mtundu wa cues, maphunziro onse a CSB ndi HV anali amphongo komanso amodzi. Onse a HV anali okalamba (± 5 a zaka zapakati) ndi maphunziro a CSB. Zolinga zinawonetsedwanso kuti zikhale zofanana ndi zochitika za MRI monga momwe tachita kale [Banca et al., 2016; Mechelmans et al., 2014; Voon et al., 2014]. Njira zosafuna kuphatikizapo kukhala pansi pa zaka za 18, kukhala ndi mbiri ya SUD, kukhala wosagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse zinthu zopanda pake (kuphatikizapo khansa), komanso kukhala ndi matenda aakulu a maganizo, kuphatikizapo vuto lalikulu lomwe limakhalapo kwambiri kapena vuto lalikulu lopanikizika, kapena mbiri ya matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zolaula kapena schizophrenia (owonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory) [Sheehan et al., 1998]. Zoledzeretsa zina kapena zosokoneza khalidwe ndizinso zofunikira. Ophunzira amamuyesa kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito masewera a pa Intaneti kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi, kutchova njuga kapenanso kugula zinthu zovuta, ubwana kapena akuluakulu odwala matenda osokoneza bongo, komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana. Ophunzira anamaliza UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale [Whiteside ndi Lynam, 2001] kuti aone kusagwirizana, ndi Beck Depression Inventory [Beck et al., 1961] kuti aone kuvutika maganizo. Mitu iwiri ya 23 CSB inali kudwala matenda opatsirana pogonana kapena inali ndi matenda osokonezeka a comorbid komanso phobia (N = 2) kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu (N = 1) kapena mbiri yaubwana wa ADHD (N = 1). Chilolezo chodziwitsidwa chidapezeka, ndipo kafukufukuyu adavomerezedwa ndi University of Cambridge Research Ethics Committee. Ophunzira amalipidwa chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali. ”

"Amuna khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi okwatirana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe ali ndi CSB (zaka 25.61 (SD 4.77) zaka) ndi 19 azaka zofanana (zaka 23.17 (SD 5.38) zaka) amuna odzipereka amuna kapena akazi okhaokha opanda CSB adaphunziridwa (Table S2 in Lembani S1). Owonjezera a 25 omwe ali okalamba (25.33 (SD 5.94) zaka) amuna odzipereka ogonana ogonana amuna okhaokha amaimba mavidiyowo. Mitu ya CSB inanena kuti chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri zolaula, iwo adataya ntchito chifukwa cha ntchito (N = 2), maubwenzi apamtima owonongeka kapena osakhudzidwa ndi zochita zina (N = 16), libido yochepa kapena erectile zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ubale weniweni ndi akazi (ngakhale osagwirizana ndi zolaula) (N = 11), amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso (N = 3), malingaliro odzipha odzipha (N = 2) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri (N = 3; kuchokera pa £ 7000 mpaka £ 15000). Nkhani khumi zinkakhala kapena zikulangiza uphungu wawo. Ophunzira onse amavomereza kuti kuseweretsa maliseche komanso kuyang'ana pazinthu zolaula pa Intaneti. Omwenso adawonetsa kuti ntchito zothandizira (N = 4) ndi cybersex (N = 5). Pazithunzi zosinthidwa za Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale [43], Maphunziro a CSB poyerekeza ndi odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino anali ndi zovuta kwambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndikumva zovuta zambiri za erectile mu chibwenzi chogonana koma osati zogonana (Table S3 mu Lembani S1). "

Yankho la Gola likuwombera Voon et al., 2014:

"Gola akuwonetsa kuti maola ambiri omwe timagwiritsa ntchito makanema amawoneka ochepa m'mitima yathu kuposa m'maphunziro ena awiri ogwiritsa ntchito zovuta. Tinafotokoza izi papepala lathu (gawo loyambira "Gulu lamavuto lidanenanso zambiri…"). Gola akuti zitsanzo za ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali pamavuto akuti maola ochepa owonera makanema ogonana kuposa mayankho ochokera ku Voon et al. (2014). Komabe, Voon et al. makamaka omwe amatumizidwa kwa omwe akuchita nawo manyazi pakugonana, kuphatikiza zotsatsa pamasamba ochititsa manyazi zogwiritsa ntchito makanema ogonana, "amuna ofunafuna chithandizo" ngakhale "zolaula" sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi DSM-5, komanso ndi ndalama zowonetsedwa pawailesi yakanema monga "zoyipa" za "zolaula". Omwe amatenga zilembo zosokoneza bongo awonetsedwa kuti ali ndi mbiri yokomera anthu komanso kupembedza kwakukulu (Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, & Carlisle, 2014). Ndizotheka kuti Voon et al. (2014) zitsanzo zimadziwika ndi manyazi okhudzana ndi kugonana m'magulu omwe ali pa intaneti omwe amalimbikitsa kupereka malipoti ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito "zolaula" kunayesedwa panthawi yofunsidwa bwino, osati mafunso ovomerezeka. Chifukwa chake, ma psychometric ndi malingaliro osakondera omwe amapezeka mufunso lofunsidwa sakudziwika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyerekezera magwiritsidwe azamafilimu ogonana pakati pa maphunziro. Njira yathu yodziwira magulu ndi yogwirizana ndi ntchito yomwe yatchulidwa posonyeza kufunika kokhala ndi zovuta pazovuta zogonana (Bancroft, Loftus, & Long, 2003).

Izi sizongokhala tsamba lawebusayiti losavuta kuzinena zabodza komanso zodzinenera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti owerenga asaganize zowonera. Tiyamba ndi:

Yankhani ku Gola: Komabe, Voon et al. makamaka omwe amawalembera ophunzira kuti azitha kunyalanyazidwa ndi kugonana, kuphatikizapo malonda pa malo owonetsa manyazi okhudza kugonana, "amuna ofunafuna chithandizo" ngakhale kuti "zolaula" zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi DSM-5, komanso zimathandizidwa ndi TV. monga "zowawa" za "zolaula."

Choyamba, Yankho kwa Gola silikupereka umboni wotsimikizira kuti ophunzirawo adachita "manyazi okhudzana ndi kugonana" kapena adatengedwa kuchokera kumawebusayiti omwe amatchedwa "manyazi." Izi sizabodza chabe. Kumbali inayi, a Prause Study adalemba anthu ochokera ku Pocatello, Idaho omwe ndiopitilira 50% Mormon. Ndizotheka kuti maphunziro achipembedzo a Prause adachita manyazi kapena kudzimvera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mosiyana ndi omwe a Voon adalembedwa pagulu ku UK.

Chachiwiri, ambiri omwe akutenga nawo mbali ku Voon anali kufunafuna chithandizo cha zolaula ndikutumizidwa ndi othandizira. Pali njira ina yabwino bwanji yotsimikizirira anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula? Ndizosamvetseka kuti Yankho kwa Gola lingayese izi ngati zoyipa (osati mphamvu zosayerekezeka), pomwe a Prause Study amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito okha "Ofuna chithandizo" omwe amagonedwa, koma adaletsedwa ndi komiti yowunikira ku yunivesite. Kutengedwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku woyamba wa Prause EEG:

Steele et al., 2013: "Ndondomeko yoyamba imayitanitsa odwala omwe amachiza chiwerewere kuti alembedwe, koma Institutional Review Board ya m'deralo inaletsa anthu oterewa poganiza kuti kuulula anthu oterewa ku VSS kungayambitsenso kubwerera m'mbuyo. ”

Chachitatu, Yankho kwa Gola stoops ku bodza lenileni ponena izi Voon et al. 2014 idathandizidwa ndi "kanema wawayilesi." Monga tafotokozera momveka bwino mu Voon et al., 2014, kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi "Wellcome Trust":

Voon et al., 2014: "Ngongole: Ndalama zoperekedwa ndi Grantcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship grant (093705 / Z / 10 / Z). Dr. Potenza adathandizidwa pang'ono ndi ndalama P20 DA027844 ndi R01 DA018647 kuchokera ku National Institutes of Health; Connecticut State department of Mental Health and Addiction Services; Connecticut Mental Health Center; ndi Center of Excellence in Gambling Research Award kuchokera ku National Center for Responsible Gaming. Othandizira pantchito sanatenge nawo gawo pakupanga, kusanthula ndi kusanthula, asankhe kufalitsa, kapena kukonzekera zolembedwazo. ”

Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi ziphunzitso zabodza komanso zonyenga zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Kuyankha kwa Gola kumaponyera mu bodza lina lonena za Voon et al. Njira zolembera:

Yankhani ku Gola: Ndiponso, "zolaula" zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yofunsidwa, osati mafunso ovomerezeka.

Zabodza. Poyang'ana nkhani zomwe zingatheke Voon et al., 2014 imagwiritsidwa ntchito zinayi mafunso ovomerezeka ndi anagwiritsa ntchito kuyankhulana kwakukulu kwa maganizo. Zotsatira ndi kufotokoza kwafupikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko yowonetsera yochokera Banca et al., 2016 (CSB ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana)

Voon et al., 2014: Zotsatira za CSB zinali yosungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kugonana kwa intaneti (ISST; Delmonico ndi Miller, 2003) komanso kafukufuku wamakono omwe anaphatikizapo zaka zoyambirira, nthawi zambiri, nthawi, kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito, kudziletsa, njira zogwiritsira ntchito, mankhwala ndi zotsatira zoipa. Ophunzira a CSB anafunsidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo kuti atsimikizire kuti adakwaniritsa zigawo ziwiri zofufuza za CSB (njira zowonetsera matenda a Hypersexual Disorder; Carnes et al., 2001; Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012), kuyang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mokakamiza zolaula pa intaneti. Izi zikugogomezera kulephera kudula kapena kuwongolera zikhalidwe zakugonana, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ngakhale mavuto azachuma, azachuma, amisala komanso maphunziro kapena ntchito. Kulongosola kwatsatanetsatane kwa zizindikiro za CSB kwafotokozedwera Voon et al. (2014).

Ndizodabwitsa kuti Yankho kwa Gola lingayerekeze kuyerekezera njira zowunikira zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito mu Prause Study (maphunziro adayankha funso limodzi) ndi njira zonse zowunikira akatswiri Voon et al., 2014:

1. Kuyezetsa Kugonana kwa pa Intaneti, Delmonico ndi Miller, 2003
2. Kufunsidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo omwe anagwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera kugonana kuchokera ku mafunso okhudzana kwambiri ndi 3: Carnes et al., 2001; Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012)
3. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka wotsatanetsatane wokhudza tsatanetsatane wa zaka zambiri monga kukula kwa msinkhu, maulendo, nthawi, kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito, kudziletsa, kayendedwe ka ntchito, chithandizo ndi zotsatira zoipa.

Mwachidziwikiratu, njirayi inali chabe kuyesera kuti atsimikizire kukhalapo kwa zizolowezi zolaula; Voon et al. sanaime pamenepo. Mafunso ambiri komanso kufunsa mafunso sanaphatikizepo omwe ali ndi matenda amisala, mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zizolowezi, OCD kapena zovuta zamankhwala, komanso omwe amakuzunza kapena aposachedwa. Ofufuza mu Prause Study sanachite izi.

Potsirizira pake, Yankho la Gola likubwezeretsa chigamulo chosavomerezeka chakuti chizolowezi chogonana ndichabechabechabe chachipembedzo,

Yankhani ku Gola: "Omwe amatenga zilembo zosonyeza kuti ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo awonetsedwa kuti ali ndi mbiri yokomera anzawo komanso kupembedza kwakukulu (Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, & Carlisle, 2014)."

Chiyanjano chomwe chinkachitika pakati pa zizolowezi zolaula ndi chipembedzo chinali kutchulidwa pamwambapa ndipo adasokonezeka bwino mu izi kufufuza kwakukulu a Joshua Grubbs zakuthupi.

Kuyankha kwa Gola kumasowa cholakwika chachikulu Prause et al., 2015: Nkhani zosavomerezeka zosavomerezeka

Ndemanga za maphunziro a EEG a Nicole Prause (...Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) yadzetsa nkhawa zazikulu zokhudzana ndi zolaula "zosokonezeka" pogwiritsa ntchito maphunziro. Kafukufuku wa EEG anali amuna ndi akazi, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komabe ofufuzawo adawawonetsa zolaula zonse, mwina zosasangalatsa, zachimuna + zachikazi. Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa imaphwanya njira zovomerezeka zamaphunziro osokoneza bongo, momwe ofufuza amasankha zofanana maphunziro malinga ndi msinkhu, jenda, malingaliro, ngakhale ma IQ ofanana (more gulu logwirizana) kuti tipewe kusokonezeka chifukwa cha kusiyana kotere.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zotsatira za maphunziro a 2 EEG zimadalira pazifukwa kuti amuna, akazi, ndi amuna omwe sali amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sali osiyana muzokambirana zawo za ubongo ku zithunzi zogonana. Komabe kuphunzira pambuyo pa phunziro kumatsimikizira kuti amuna ndi akazi ali osiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo ku mafano kapena mafilimu ogonana. Gola adadziwa izi ndipo adatchula cholakwika ichi chodetsa pamtima:

Mateusz Gola: "Ndikoyenera kuzindikira kuti olembawo amapeza zotsatira za anthu omwe ali nawo pamodzi, pomwe kafukufuku waposachedwapa akuwonetsa kuti zojambula zogonana ndi zovunda zikusiyana kwambiri pakati pa amuna okhaokha (onani: Wierzba et al., 2015). ”

Mu njira yowonongeka, Yankho la Gola limanyalanyaza njovu mu chipinda: Amuna ndi akazi ubongo Yankhani mosiyana ndi zithunzi zogonana. M'malo mwake, Kuyankha kwa Gola kumatiuza kuti amuna ndi akazi amadzutsidwa ndi zithunzi zogonana, ndi mfundo zina zosasangalatsa:

"Gola akuti zidziwitso za abambo ndi amai siziyenera kuperekedwa limodzi, chifukwa samayankha zomwezi. Kwenikweni, zokonda amuna ndi akazi pazakugonana zimachuluka kwambiri (Janssen, Carpenter, & Graham, 2003). Monga tafotokozera, zithunzizi zidanenedwa kuti zimafanana ndi zomwe amuna ndi akazi amachita. Zithunzi "zogonana" zochokera ku International Affective Picture System zidathandizidwa, chifukwa zimakonzedwa ngati zachikondi osati zogonana ndi amuna ndi akazi (Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004). Chofunika kwambiri, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kusiyana pakati pa ziwonetsero zakugonana zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha jenda kumamveka bwino chifukwa chokhudzana ndi kugonana (Wehrum et al., 2013). Popeza kuti chilakolako chogonana chinali chotsogola mu phunzirolo, sikunali koyenera kugawa malipoti okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chisokonezo chodziwika: jenda. ”

Yankho pamwambapa silikukhudzana ndi kutsutsa kwa Mateusz Gola: Mukamawona zolaula zomwe amuna ndi akazi amawonetsa mawonekedwe amtundu wa ubongo (EEG) ndi mayendedwe amwazi (fMRI). Mwachitsanzo, izi Kuphunzira kwa EEG anapeza kuti akazi anali ndi ma EEG apamwamba kwambiri kuposa amuna akamayang'ana zithunzi zofananira. Simungathe kuwerengera pamodzi kuwerenga kwa EEG amuna ndi akazi, monga a Prause Study, ndikumaliza ndi chilichonse chopindulitsa. Komanso simungayerekezere mayankho am'magulu am'magulu osiyanasiyana ndi mayankho am'magulu amtundu wina, monga a Prause Study adachitira.

Pali chifukwa chomwe palibe adafalitsa mafilimu okhudza ubongo pa owerenga zithunzi zolaula (kupatula a Prause) amuna ndi akazi osakanikirana. Kafukufuku aliyense wamitsempha yam'mutu amaphatikizira anthu omwe anali amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kugonana komweko. Inde, Prause mwiniwake adanena kuphunzira koyambirira (2012) kuti anthu amasiyana mosiyana kwambiri poyankhidwa ndi zithunzi zachiwerewere:

"Mafilimu omwe ali pachiwopsezo amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kusiyana komwe kulipo chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa (Rupp & Wallen, 2007), zokonda zazomwe zili (Janssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2009) kapena mbiri yazachipatala yomwe imapanga magawo ena achisangalalo ( Wouda et al., 1998). "

"Komabe, anthu amasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana pamawonekedwe omwe akuwonetsa kukopeka ndi kugonana kwa iwo (Graham, Sanders, Milhausen, & McBride, 2004)."

A 2013 Phunzilo la kupemphera adati:

"Kafukufuku wambiri pogwiritsa ntchito International Affective Picture System (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1999) Gwiritsani ntchito zotsutsana kwa amuna ndi akazi mu chitsanzo chawo. "

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu ndi magulu osiyana-siyana a amuna ndi akazi (amuna, akazi, osagonana), kupereka zofananitsa ndi ziganizo za mtundu wopangidwa mu Prause Studies osakhulupirika.

Kafukufuku wotsimikizira kuti ubongo wamwamuna ndi wamkazi umayankha mosiyana kwambiri ndi zithunzi zofanana zogonana:

• Kusiyanasiyana kwa kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pakati pa kugonana ndi zokhudzana ndi zokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana (2013)
• Kusiyanasiyana kwa kugonana mu ubongo kuti ukhale ndi maganizo okhudzana ndi maganizo: meta-kufufuza maphunziro okhudza ubongo (2012)
• Khungu lachisoni lachithupithupi mwa anthu pamene mukuwonekera pazithunzi zokhudzana ndi maganizo: kusiyana kwa kugonana (2014)
• Zotsatira zabwino zowonjezereka (LPP) poyankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maganizo ndi ndudu zomwe zimasuta fodya: zofanana zogwirizana (2013)
• Kusiyanasiyana kwa kugonana pakati pa nucleus accumbens ndi visual cortex ndi zoonetseratu zochitika zowonongeka: kujambula kwa fMRI (2015)
• Chithunzi chogonjetsa maganizo: kusiyana pakati pa kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pazithunzi zakuthambo? (2014)
• Zofuna za kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana zogonana (2009)
• Kusiyanasiyana kwa kugonana mu zitsanzo za chiwerewere cha kugonana: zowonetsera zochitika kapena zochitika zenizeni? (2009)
• Kusiyana kwa kugonana pakuwonetsa zokhudzana ndi kugonana: phunziro la kufufuza maso pa amuna ndi akazi (2007)
• Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana ndi mayankho a amygdala ndi zolaula zogonana (2004)
• Zotsatira za kugonana ndi ubale pa zochitika zomveka pamtundu wa chiwerewere ndi zokhudzana ndi kugonana amuna ndi akazi (2012)
• Kusiyana kwa kugonana kumayang'ana zovuta zowonongeka ndi zosayenera (2007)
• Kusiyana kwa kugonana kumayenderana ndi zochitika zogonana zogonana: Kufotokozera (2007)
• Makhalidwe a khungu amachititsa chidwi chogonana (2008)
• Kodi kugonana mosaganizira za kugonana kumakhudzanso amuna ndi akazi? (2007)
• Phunziro la FMRI la Mayankho ku Kugonana Kwachigwirizano monga Ntchito ya Chiwerewere ndi Kufuna Kufunafuna: A Preliminary Analysis (2016)
• Zomwe Zidzachitika Posachedwa (LPP) poyankha Mitundu Yopweteketsa ndi Yopseza Zosokoneza Anthu Omwe Amasuta: Kuyerekezera Kwawo
• Zotsatira za Makhalidwe Abwino ndi Oipa Ambiri pa Zochitika Zowonongeka Panthawi Yowonekera kwa Erotica (2016)
• Makhalidwe osokoneza chiwerewere a khalidwe la kugonana: Meta-analytical analysis (2016)
• Kuzoloŵera kwa kugonana kwachikazi komwe kumadzutsa zithunzi ndi filimu (1995)

Mwachidule, a Prause Study adakumana ndi zolakwika zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kukayikira zotsatira za kafukufukuyu ndi zomwe olembawo akunena za "kupusitsa" mtundu wazolowera zolaula:

1. Ophunzira anali osagwirizana (amuna, akazi, osagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha)
2. Ophunzira anali osayang'anitsitsa zolaula, matenda a maganizo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo
3. Mayankho anali sivomerezedwe chifukwa cha zolaula kapena zolaula