Maphunziro a Ubongo pa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula & Kugonana

Tsamba ili lili ndi mndandanda wawiri ( 1 ) ndemanga ndi ndemanga zochokera ku sayansi ya ubongo, ndi, ( 2 ) maphunziro a ubongo owunika kapangidwe ka ubongo ndi momwe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti komanso ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ( Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder ).

Mpaka pano, maphunziro onse a ubongo kupatula awiri (osachepera) omwe adafalitsidwa amapereka chithandizo cha mtundu wa chizolowezi choledzera ( palibe maphunziro omwe amanama za mtundu wa chizolowezi choledzera cha zolaula ). Zotsatira za maphunziro a ubongo opitilira 60 awa (ndi maphunziro omwe akubwera ) zikugwirizana ndi mazana a " maphunziro a ubongo" okhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha pa intaneti , ena mwa iwo akuphatikizaponso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Onsewa amatsimikizira mfundo yakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kungayambitse kusintha kwa ubongo chifukwa cha chizolowezi, monga momwe amachitira maphunziro opitilira 60 omwe amanena za kukwera/kulekerera (chizolowezi) ndi zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito.

Monga momwe nkhani ya PsyPost.org yokhudza kafukufuku wa ubongo wa 2024 imanenera, "Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wakale wosonyeza kuti zolaula zili ndi mphamvu zambiri zoledzera chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zamphamvu zokopa chidwi komanso zolimbikitsa chilakolako." ( Kafukufuku wafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi )

Tsambali limayamba ndi ndemanga ndi ndemanga zaposachedwa zaposachedwa za 35 zokhudzana ndi sayansi ya ubongo (zolembedwa pofika tsiku lofalitsidwa):

Ndemanga za Literature & Commentaries:

1) Sayansi ya Zachiwerewere pa Intaneti: Kubwerezabwereza ndi Kusintha ( Love et al. , 2015) . Kubwerezabwereza kwathunthu kwa mabuku a sayansi okhudzana ndi mitundu ya chizolowezi cha intaneti, makamaka pankhani ya chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti. Kubwerezaku kukufotokozanso za maphunziro awiri a EEG odziwika bwino ndi magulu otsogozedwa ndi Nicole Prause (yemwe amanena zabodza kuti zomwe zapezekazo zikukayikitsa chizolowezi cha zolaula). Zidutswa:

Ambiri amadziwa kuti zizolowezi zingapo zomwe zingakhudze mphotho yoyendayenda mu ubongo waumunthu zimayambitsa kutaya mphamvu ndi zizindikiritso zina za chizoloŵezi mwa anthu ena. Ponena za kuledzera kwa intaneti, kafukufuku wamaganizo amatsutsana ndi lingaliro lakuti machitidwe a neural ali ofanana ndi kusokoneza bongo ... Pakati pa ndemanga iyi, timapereka mwachidule mfundo zomwe zimapangidwira kusokoneza bongo ndikupereka mwachidule za kafukufuku wa sayansi pa intaneti ndi vuto la kusewera kwa intaneti. Komanso, tinayang'ana zofalitsa zopezeka m'magazi pa zolaula zolaula pa intaneti ndikugwirizanitsa zotsatirapo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuwongolera kumatsimikizira kuti kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti zikugwirizana ndi chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa ndipo zimagawana njira zofanana ndizo zowonongeka.

2) Kugonana ndi Matenda: Umboni Wowunikira, Kuzindikira, ndi Kuyankha Otsutsa ( Phillips et al. , 2015) , yomwe imapereka tchati chomwe chimalemba zotsutsa zenizeni za chizolowezi cha zolaula/kugonana, ndikupereka mawu otsutsana nawo.

Monga tawonera m'nkhaniyi, zotsutsa zofala za kugonana monga chizoloŵezi chovomerezeka sizigwira ntchito poyerekeza ndi kayendetsedwe ka magulu a zachipatala ndi asayansi pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Pali umboni wokwanira wasayansi ndi chithandizo cha kugonana komanso6 monga machitidwe ena oti avomerezedwe ngati chizolowezi. Thandizoli likuchokera m'machitidwe angapo ndipo limapereka chiyembekezo chodabwitsa cholandiriradi kusintha pamene tikumvetsetsa bwino vutoli. Zaka makumi angapo za kafukufuku ndi zomwe zikuchitika pazamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi neuroscience zimawulula momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito. Asayansi azindikira njira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chizolowezi choledzeretsa komanso kusiyana pakati paubongo wa anthu omwe ali oledzera komanso omwe sali oledzeretsa, kuwulula zinthu zomwe zimakonda kusokoneza bongo, mosasamala kanthu za chinthu kapena khalidwe. Komabe, padakali kusiyana pakati pa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi kumvetsetsa kwa anthu wamba, mfundo za anthu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo.

3) Chizolowezi cha Kugonana pa Intaneti ( Brand & Laier , 2015) . Zidule:

Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula. Anthu ena amalephera kuthetsa machitidwe awo pa Intaneti komanso amawauza kuti sangagwiritse ntchito njira zawo zogwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti ngakhale atakumana ndi mavuto. M'nkhani zam'mbuyo zatsopano, kugwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti pa Intaneti kumatengedwa ngati mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kafukufuku wina wamakono akufufuzira kufanana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe a cybersex ndi zizoloŵezi zina za makhalidwe, monga Internet Gaming Disorder. Kukonzekera-kukwaniritsa ndi kukhumba kumaonedwa kuti kumachita mbali yaikulu pa kugonana kwa kugonana ndi kugonana. Komanso, njira zogwirira ntchito za chitukuko ndi kukonzanso kuyanjana kwa cybersex makamaka zimakhudza kukhumudwa pakupanga chisankho ndi ntchito zogwira ntchito. Maphunziro a Neuroimaging amachirikiza kuganiza kwa zochitika zogwirizana pakati pa kugonana kwa ma cybersex ndi zina zoledzera komanso kukhala wodalirika.

4) Neurobiology ya Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza: Sayansi Yoyamba ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Zochepa:

Ngakhale kuti sali m'gulu la DSM-5, khalidwe lochita chiwerewere lachiwerewere (CSB) lingapezedwe ku ICD-10 ngati vuto lodziletsa. Komabe, mkangano ulipo ponena za mtundu wa CSB. Kafukufuku wowonjezera amafunika kuti amvetsetse momwe zigawo zogwirira ntchito zimagwirizanirana ndi zofunikira zogonana monga zotsatira za mankhwala a CSB. Kuika chiwerengero cha CSB monga 'chizolowezi chochita chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe' kungakhale ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pa zoyendetsera ndondomeko, zopewera ndi zachipatala ... .. Kupatsidwa zofanana pakati pa CSB ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zowonongeka zingakhale ndi lonjezano la CSB, motero zimapereka chidziwitso cha kafukufuku wopita kukafufuza mwayi uwu mwachindunji.

5) Kodi khalidwe logonana lokakamiza liyenera kuonedwa ngati chizolowezi choledzera? ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Zidule:

Pokhala kumasulidwa kwa DSM-5, vuto lakutchova njuga linakhazikitsidwa ndi mavuto osokoneza bongo. Kusintha kumeneku kunatsutsa zikhulupiliro kuti kuledzera kumachitika mwa kungowonjezera zinthu zomwe zimasintha maganizo ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri njira za ndondomeko, zothandizira ndi zothandizira. Deta imasonyeza kuti kuchita zinthu mopitirira muzochita zina (mwachitsanzo, kusewera, kugonana, kukakamiza kugula) kungagwiritse ntchito zachipatala, zam'thupi, za neurobiological ndi zozizwitsa zomwe zikufanana ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Gawo lina lomwe likusowa kufufuza zambiri limaphatikizapo kulingalira momwe kusintha kwazamakono kungakhudzire makhalidwe a kugonana kwaumunthu. Popeza kuti deta imasonyeza kuti khalidwe la kugonana limathandizidwa kudzera pa intaneti ndi ma foni yamakono, kufufuza kwina kuyenera kulingalira momwe matekinoloje a digito amagwirizanirana ndi CSB (mwachitsanzo, kupanikiza maliseche kumalo oonera zolaula pa Intaneti kapena kugonana) komanso kuchita nawo zolaula zowononga (mwachitsanzo, kugonana kosakwatirana, ogonana ndi amuna ambiri pa nthawi ina).

Zikuphatikizana zilipo pakati pa CSB ndi matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala. Machitidwe omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a neurotransmitter athe kuthandizira CSB ndi matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, ndipo kafukufuku wamakono omwe akuchitika posachedwapa akusonyeza kufanana komwe kumakhudzana ndi chilakolako ndi kukonda. Mankhwala ofanana ndi mankhwala ndi psychotherapeutic angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa CSB ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

6) Maziko a Neurobiological a Hypersexuality ( Kuhn & Gallinat , 2016) . Zidule:

Zizolowezi za makhalidwe komanso makamaka kugonana kwabwino ziyenera kutikumbutsa kuti khalidwe lachiwerewere limadalira moyo wathu wachilengedwe. Kugonana ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri populumuka zamoyo chifukwa ndi njira yoberekera. Choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kugonana kumaonedwa kuti kosangalatsa komanso kulipindulitsa, ndipo ngakhale kuti zingakhale zosokoneza panthawi yomwe kugonana kungayambidwe mwa njira yoopsa komanso yopanda phindu, nthendayi yokhala ndi chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ingakhale yofunikira kwambiri Cholinga chachikulu chofuna anthu .... Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, zikuoneka kuti umboniwu umatanthauza kuti kusintha kwapadera, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, ndi ubongo zomwe zimapanga mphoto zimathandiza kwambiri pa chiwerewere. Kafukufuku wa mafupa ndi njira za njira zachipatala zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa zimasonyeza kuti dopaminergic imagwira ntchito.

7) Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza Monga Chizolowezi Cha Khalidwe: Zotsatira za Intaneti ndi Nkhani Zina ( Griffiths, 2016) . Zidule:

Ndayesetsa kufufuza njira zamakono zosiyana siyana (kutchova njuga, kujambula mavidiyo, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugonana, ntchito, ndi zina zotero) ndipo ndatsutsa kuti njira zina zovuta zogonana zingatchulidwe monga chizolowezi chogonana, malinga ndi malingaliro oledzera ogwiritsidwa ntchito ....

Kaya vuto la chiwerewere limakhala ngati chilakolako chogonana (CSB), chizoloŵezi chogonana ndi / kapena vuto la hypersexual, palinso masauzande ambiri opatsirana maganizo padziko lonse lapansi amene amachititsa mavuto oterowo. Chifukwa chake, umboni wothandiza anthu omwe akuthandiza ndi kuwachitira anthu oyenerawo ayenera kupatsidwa ulemu wambiri ndi anthu odwala matenda a maganizo ....

Mosakayikira chitukuko chofunikira kwambiri m'munda wa CSB komanso chizolowezi chogonana ndi momwe intaneti ikusinthira ndikuwongolera CSB. Izi sizinatchulidwe mpaka gawo lomaliza, komabe kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (pomwe pali zida zazing'ono) zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, kuphatikiza zitsanzo za anthu pafupifupi 10 000. M'malo mwake, pakhala kuwunikiridwa kwaposachedwa kwazomwe zakhala zikuchitika pazakugonana pa intaneti komanso chithandizo. Izi zafotokozera zambiri pa intaneti zomwe zitha kuyambitsa ndikulimbikitsa zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere (kupezeka, kuthekera, kusadziwika, mwayi, kuthawa, kudziletsa, etc.).

8) Kufufuza Kumveka Bwino mu Madzi Oda: Zomwe Zidzaganiziridwe M'tsogolo Pogawa Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza Ngati Chizolowezi Choledzera ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Zidule:

Posachedwapa tafufuza umboni wosiyanitsa khalidwe lachiwerewere (CSB) monga chizoloŵezi chosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kuwunika kwathu kunapeza kuti CSB inagwirizana ndi matenda, neurobiological ndi zochitika zofanana ndi matenda ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ....

Ngakhale kuti American Psychiatric Association inakana matenda a hypersexual kuchokera ku DSM-5, matenda a CSB (kugonana kwambiri) akhoza kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ICD-10. CSB ikuyang'aniranso ndi ICD-11, ngakhale kuti kumapeto kwake kulibe umboni. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kupitiriza kulimbikitsa chidziwitso ndi kulimbitsa dongosolo lomvetsa bwino CSB ndikumasulira mfundozi kuti zikhale ndi ndondomeko yowonjezereka, kupewa, kupatsirana, komanso njira zamankhwala zochepetsera zotsatira zoipa za CSB.

9) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Ndemanga Yokhala ndi Malipoti a Zachipatala ( Park et al ., 2016) . Ndemanga yozama ya mabuku okhudzana ndi mavuto ogonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula. Pophatikiza madokotala 7 a US Navy ndi Gary Wilson, ndemangayi imapereka deta yaposachedwa yomwe ikuwonetsa kukwera kwakukulu kwa mavuto ogonana a achinyamata. Ikuwunikiranso maphunziro a mitsempha okhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha zolaula ndi kugonana kudzera pa zolaula za pa intaneti. Madokotala amapereka malipoti atatu azachipatala a amuna omwe adayambitsa mavuto ogonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula. Pepala lachiwiri la 2016 lolembedwa ndi Gary Wilson likufotokoza kufunika kophunzira zotsatira za zolaula poletsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula: Kuchotsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Povumbulutsa Zotsatira Zake (2016) . Zidule:

Zinthu zachikhalidwe zomwe poyamba zinalongosola zovuta za kugonana kwa amuna zimawoneka zosakwanira kuti ziwerengere chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa erectile, kuchedwa kuthamangitsidwa, kuchepetsa kugonana kwachigonjetso, ndi kuchepetsa kukhumudwa pakati pa kugonana pakati pa amuna pansi pa 40. Ndemanga iyi (1) imalingalira deta kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuchipatala, matenda (uledzere / urology), maganizo (kugonana), zachikhalidwe; ndipo (2) imapereka malipoti okhudzana ndi zachipatala, onse ndi cholinga chopangira njira yothetsera kafukufuku wamtsogolo. Kusinthika kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka ubongo kumafufuzidwa ngati njira yothetsera malingaliro okhudzana ndi zolaula.

Ndemanga iyi ikuwunikiranso zaumboni wosonyeza kuti zolaula za intaneti zitha kupezeka paliponse (zopanda malire, zitha kupezeka mosavuta pazinthu zowonjezereka, makanema amakanema, ndi zina zambiri) zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kukondana ndi zolaula zapa intaneti zomwe sizimasinthika kukhala zenizeni -Amunthu wokhala pachibwenzi, kuti zogonana ndi omwe akukondana nawo asalembetse monga ziyembekezo zamisonkhano zikukhalira. Malipoti azachipatala amati kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zina kumakhala kokwanira kusintha zolakwika, kutsimikizira kufunika kofufuzidwa kwakukulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa intaneti.

3.4. Mafilimu Okhudzana ndi Mafilimu Okhudza Zithunzi Zolaula-Mavuto Okhudza Kugonana: Timaganiza kuti zolaula-zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto okhudza kugonana zimaphatikizapo kukhumudwa komanso kusakhudzidwa muchitidwe cha ubongo [72, 129] ndi neural correlates ya aliyense, kapena zonsezi, zapezeka mu kafukufuku waposachedwapa pa oonera zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti [31, 48, 52, 53, 54, 86, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134].

10) Kuphatikiza Maganizo a Zamaganizo ndi Zamaganizo Okhudza Kukula ndi Kusunga Matenda Enaake Ogwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti: Kuyanjana kwa Chitsanzo cha Munthu ndi Kukhudzidwa ndi Kuzindikira ( Brand et al. , 2016) . Kuwunikanso njira zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko ndi kusunga matenda enaake ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti, kuphatikizapo "vuto loonera zolaula pa intaneti". Olembawo akuti chizolowezi choonera zolaula (ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti) ziyenera kugawidwa ngati matenda ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti ndikuyikidwa pamodzi ndi zizolowezi zina zamakhalidwe pansi pa matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati makhalidwe osokoneza bongo.

Ngakhale kuti DSM-5 imayang'ana pa maseŵera a pa intaneti, olemba ambiri amasonyeza kuti anthu ofunafuna chithandizo angagwiritsenso ntchito ma intaneti ena kapena malo addictively ....

Kuchokera mu kafukufuku wamakono, tikupempha kuti tigwiritse ntchito mavuto a intaneti pa ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuposa vuto la intaneti, masewera ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito movuta. Njira imodzi ingaphatikizepo kutsegula nthawi yowonongeka kwa intaneti, yomwe imatha kufotokozedwa poganizira ntchito yoyamba yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, vuto la masewera a pa intaneti, vuto la kutchova njuga pa intaneti, zolaula pa Intaneti, kugwiritsa ntchito matenda, Kusokoneza mauthenga pa intaneti, ndi kugula malonda pa intaneti).

11) Neurobiology ya Chizolowezi Chogonana: Mutu wochokera ku Neurobiology ya Zizolowezi Zoledzeretsa, Oxford Press ( Hilton et al., 2016) - Zolemba:

Timakumbukira chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi cha matenda ozunguza bongo, kuphatikizapo chizoloŵezi chachilengedwe kapena kukakamizidwa, ndikukambirana momwe izi zikukhudzira kumvetsa kwathu tsopano za kugonana monga mphotho yachilengedwe yomwe ingakhale yogwira ntchito "yosamvetseka" pamoyo wa munthu.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti kutanthauzira kwatsopano ndi kumvetsetsa kwa chizolowezi chakumwa kwasintha chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa kwa chidziwitso chokhudza momwe ubongo umaphunzirira ndi zikhumbo. Ngakhale kuti kugonana kwapadera kunkafotokozedwa kale motsatira ndondomeko ya makhalidwe, tsopano ndikuwonanso kudzera mu lens of neuromodulation. Anthu omwe sangathe kumvetsetsa mfundozi akhoza kupitirizabe kugwirizana ndi maganizo awo, koma iwo omwe amatha kumvetsa khalidwe la biology, paradigm yatsopanoyi imapereka tanthawuzo lophatikizana ndi lothandiza la kugonana komwe kumalongosola onse asayansi ndi chipatala.

12) Njira Zasayansi Zothetsera Kukonda Zolaula Pa Intaneti ( Stark & ​​Klucken , 2017) - Zolemba:

Kupezeka kwa zolaula kwakula kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha intaneti. Chifukwa cha izi, abambo amapempha chithandizo nthawi zambiri chifukwa chakuti zolaula zawo mofulumira sizitha kulamulira; Mwachitsanzo, iwo sangathe kuima kapena kuchepetsa khalidwe lawo lovuta ngakhale kuti akukumana ndi zotsatira zoipa .... Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, maphunziro angapo omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu a sayansi, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afufuze zithunzi za zithunzi zolaula pansi pa zochitika zowonongeka ndipo zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zammbuyo, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula mochuluka kungagwirizane ndi njira zodziŵika bwino za sayansi ya ubongo zomwe zimayambitsa kulumikiza kwa mankhwala oledzera.

Pomalizira, tinalongosola mwachidule maphunzirowo, omwe adafufuzira za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zolaula pamtundu wa neural. Ngakhale kuti palibe kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali, ndizomveka kuti zomwe zimaoneka mwa amuna omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi zotsatira sizingayambitse kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula. Zambiri mwa maphunzirowa zimapereka mphamvu zowonongeka mu dera la mphoto zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa zomwe zikulamulidwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa zochitika zowonongeka ndi mankhwala. Zotsatira zokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa zolaula zomwe zimakhala zochepa pazochitika ndi zolaula zingathe kumasuliridwa ngati chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso cha khalidwe lachiwerewere.

13) Kodi khalidwe logonana mopitirira muyeso ndi vuto loledzera? ( Potenza et al. , 2017) – Zidule:

Matenda osokoneza bongo (ogwiritsidwa ntchito monga vuto la hypersexual) ankaonedwa kuti alowetsedwa mu DSM-5 koma pamapeto pake sanatulukidwe, ngakhale kuti anali ndi mayeso oyenerera ndi kuyesedwa. Kulekerera kumeneku kwaletsa kuletsa, kufufuza, ndi kuyesa, ndikusiya asing'anga opanda chidziwitso chothetsera vuto la chiwerewere.

Kafukufuku mu neurobiology yokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kumakhudzidwa kwambiri kwapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zokhudzana ndi chidwi cha anthu, malingaliro othandizira, komanso kubwereza komwe kumachokera mu ubongo komwe kumapangitsa kufanana kwakukulu ndi zizolowezi. Kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe azakugonana kukufunidwa ngati vuto loteteza anthu ku ICD-11, yogwirizana ndi malingaliro omwe akukhumba, kupitilizabe chibwenzi ngakhale zotsatirapo zoyipa, kuchitapo kanthu mokakamizidwa, ndikuchepetsedwa kwa chiwonetsero kumayimira zochitika zazikulu zamavuto-oyendetsa.

Kuwona kumeneku kungakhale koyenera kwa zovuta zina za DSM-IV zothetsera, makamaka njuga zamatenda. Komabe, zinthuzi zidaganiziridwa kuti ndizofunikira pazokonda, ndipo pakusintha kuchokera ku DSM-IV kupita ku DSM-5, gawo la Impulse Control Disways Not Pese Pomwe Gulu Lophatikizidwa lidakonzedwanso, pomwe njuga zam'magazi zidasinthidwa ndikusinthidwanso ngati vuto losokoneza bongo. Pakadali pano, tsamba la ICD-11 lolemba beta limatchulapo zovuta zoletsa, ndipo limaphatikizapo kukakamiza kugona mchitidwe wogonana, pyromania, kleptomania, ndi vuto lophulika pang'onopang'ono.

Matenda opatsirana okhudzana ndi kugonana akuwoneka kuti akugwirizana bwino ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe akuperekedwa kwa ICD-11, mogwirizana ndi nthawi yochepetsera kugonana yomwe ikufunidwa pofuna kusokoneza vuto la kugonana pa tsamba la ICD-11. Timakhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana monga matenda ozunguza bongo akugwirizana ndi deta yam'tsogolo ndipo akhoza kuthandiza madokotala, ochita kafukufuku, komanso anthu omwe akuvutika ndi matendawa.

14) Neurobiology ya Kusuta Zolaula - Ndemanga yachipatala ( De Sousa & Lodha , 2017) - Zolemba:

Kuwunika kumayang'ana koyambirira pa zoyenera zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo ndi dera lopindulitsa komanso zochitika zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vuto lililonse. Chotsatiracho chimasinthira ku zolaula zolaula ndi maphunziro omwe amachitika pa matenda a ubongo wa mkhalidwewo. Udindo wa dopamine mu zolaula zolaula umawerengedwa pamodzi ndi udindo wa ziwalo zina za ubongo monga momwe zikuwonetsedwera pa maphunziro a MRI. Maphunziro a FMRI okhudzana ndi kugonana kwachiwonetsero akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti aphunzire za sayansi yotsalira ntchito zowonongeka komanso zomwe zafukufukuwa zikufotokozedwa. Zotsatira za chizoloŵezi cholaula zolaula pazochita zapamwamba zoganizira komanso ntchito yoyendetsera ntchito ikugogomezedwanso.

Zonsezi, zida za 59 zinazindikiranso zomwe zinaphatikizapo ndemanga, ndemanga za mini ndi zolemba zoyambirira zofufuza pa zolaula, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso matenda a ubongo. Mapepala a kafukufuku omwe anawongosoledwa apa anali okhudzana ndi zomwe zinawonekera kuti zikhale zovuta zolaula. Tinaphatikizapo maphunziro omwe anali ndi kukula kwakukulu kwazitsanzo ndi njira zogwira ntchito ndi kufufuza koyenera. Panali maphunziro ena ndi ocheperapo ophunzira, zochitika zowonjezera, malipoti a nkhani ndi maphunziro apamwamba omwe adawerengedwanso pa pepala ili. Olemba onsewo adayang'ana mapepala onse ndi omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri adasankhidwa kuti apindule. Izi zinaonjezeredwa ndi zochitika zachipatala za olemba omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi odwala kumene kuwonetsa zolaula ndi kuwona ndi chizindikiro chowopsya. Olembawo ali ndi zochitika za psychotherapeutic ndi odwala awa omwe awonjezera phindu la kumvetsa kwa ubongo.

15) Umboni wa Pudding Uli mu Kulawa: Deta Ikufunika Poyesa Zitsanzo ndi Malingaliro Okhudzana ndi Makhalidwe Ogonana Okakamiza ( Gola & Potenza , 2018) - Zidule:

Monga tafotokozera kwina (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a ), pali kuchuluka kwa mabuku ofalitsidwa pa CSB, kufika pa 11,400 mu 2015. Komabe, mafunso ofunikira okhudza lingaliro la CSB sanayankhidwebe (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017 ). Zingakhale zofunikira kuganizira momwe DSM ndi International Classification of Diseases (ICD) zimagwirira ntchito ponena za njira zofotokozera ndi kugawa magulu. Pochita izi, tikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri pa vuto la kutchova juga (lomwe limadziwikanso kuti pathological gambling) ndi momwe linaganiziridwira mu DSM-IV ndi DSM-5 (komanso mu ICD-10 ndi ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera). Mu DSM-IV, kutchova juga kwa matenda kunagawidwa ngati "Impulse-Control Disorder Not Everywhere Classified." Mu DSM-5, linasinthidwa kukhala "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder."…. Njira yofananayo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa CSB, yomwe pakadali pano ikuganiziridwa kuti iphatikizidwe ngati vuto lolamulira kusokonezeka kwa ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014 ; Kraus et al., 2018 )….

Pakati pa madera omwe angasonyeze kufanana pakati pa CSB ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndi maphunziro okhudza ubongo, ndipo maphunziro angapo aposachedwa sanatchulidwe ndi Walton et al. ( 2017 ). Maphunziro oyamba nthawi zambiri ankafufuza CSB ponena za mitundu ya chizolowezi (yowunikidwa mu Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b ; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016b ). Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino—chiphunzitso cha kulimbikitsira (Robinson & Berridge, 1993 )—chimati mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi, zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zolimbikitsira ndikuyambitsa chilakolako. Machitidwe oterewa angagwirizane ndi kuyambitsa kwa madera a ubongo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kukonza mphotho, kuphatikizapo ventral striatum. Ntchito zowunikira momwe cue imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe mphotho imagwirira ntchito zingasinthidwe kuti zifufuze kudziwika kwa zizindikiro (monga ndalama poyerekeza ndi zachiwerewere) kwa magulu enaake (Sescousse, Barbalat, Domenech, & Dreher, 2013 ), ndipo posachedwapa tagwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi kuti tiphunzire chitsanzo chachipatala (Gola et al., 2017 ).

Tidapeza kuti anthu omwe akufuna chithandizo chamankhwala ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, poyerekeza ndi zaka (zaka, jenda, ndalama, chipembedzo, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi, zogonana), ziwonetsero zoyenera, zawonetsa kukhudzidwanso kwakukulu kwa zochitika zolaula. mphotho, koma osati zolumikizana nazo osati za ndalama ndi mphotho. Njira yodabwitsanso ubongo imagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cholimbikitsa chidwi ndipo chikuwonetsa kuti gawo lofunikira la CSB likhoza kukhudzanso kubwereza kapena kulakalaka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi malingaliro andale omwe amayambitsidwa poyambira zokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana.

Deta yowonjezera ikusonyeza kuti ma circuits ena a ubongo ndi njira zake zitha kukhala ndi gawo mu CSB, ndipo izi zitha kuphatikizapo anterior cingulate, hippocampus ndi amygdala (Banca et al., 2016 ; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ). Pakati pa izi, taganiza kuti dera lowonjezera la amygdala lomwe limakhudzana ndi reactivity yayikulu ya ziwopsezo ndi nkhawa lingakhale lofunika kwambiri pazachipatala (Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015 ; Gola & Potenza, 2016 ) kutengera zomwe zapezeka kuti anthu ena a CSB ali ndi nkhawa yayikulu (Gola et al., 2017 ) ndi zizindikiro za CSB zitha kuchepetsedwa limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa mankhwala mu nkhawa (Gola & Potenza, 2016 )…

16) Kulimbikitsa maphunziro, magulu, chithandizo, ndi ndondomeko Ndemanga pa: Matenda okakamiza kugonana mu ICD-11 ( Kraus et al ., 2018) - Buku lothandizira matenda padziko lonse lapansi, The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), lili ndi matenda atsopano oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula: "Matenda Okakamiza Kugonana ." Zidule:

Kwa anthu ambiri omwe amakumana ndi zovuta kapena kulephera kosalekeza poletsa zilakolako zakugonana kapena zilakolako zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azichita zinthu zogonana zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuvutika kapena kufooka kwakukulu m'magawo awo, m'banja, pagulu, pamaphunziro, pantchito, kapena m'malo ena ofunikira pakugwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutchula ndikuzindikira vuto lawo. Ndikofunikiranso kuti opereka chithandizo (monga madokotala ndi alangizi) omwe anthu angapemphe thandizo kwa iwo azidziwa bwino ma CSB. Pa maphunziro athu okhudzana ndi anthu opitilira 3,000 omwe akufuna chithandizo cha CSB, takhala tikumva kuti anthu omwe akudwala CSB amakumana ndi zopinga zambiri akamafunafuna thandizo kapena akamalankhula ndi asing'anga ( Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2016 ).

Odwala akuti othandizira atha kupewa mutuwo, anene kuti mavutowo kulibe, kapena anganene kuti wina ali ndi vuto lalikulu logonana, ndipo akuyenera kuvomera m'malo mochiza (ngakhale kuti anthuwa, ma CSB akhoza kumverera kuti ali ndi vuto ndi kutsogolera) Zotsatira zingapo zoyipa). Tikukhulupirira kuti njira zofotokozedwera bwino za vuto la CSB zimalimbikitsa kuyesayesa kwamaphunziro kuphatikiza kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ophunzitsira momwe angayesere ndi kuchitira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la CSB. Tikukhulupirira kuti mapulogalamu ngati awa akhale gawo la maphunziro othandizira azachipatala, azamisala, komanso othandizira ena othandizira odwala matenda amisala, komanso othandizira ena ophatikiza othandizira oyambira, monga madokotala a generalist.

Mafunso oyambira okhudza momwe angaganizire bwino matenda a CSB ndikupereka chithandizo chogwira mtima ayenera kuyankhidwa. Lingaliro lamakono logawa matenda a CSB ngati matenda oletsa kutengeka ndi lotsutsana chifukwa mitundu ina yaperekedwa ( Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013 ). Pali deta yomwe ikusonyeza kuti CSB imagawana zinthu zambiri ndi zizolowezi ( Kraus et al., 2016 ), kuphatikizapo deta yaposachedwa yomwe ikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa reactivity ya madera a ubongo okhudzana ndi mphotho poyankha zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi zolimbikitsa zachiwerewere ( Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016 ; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016 ; Gola et al., 2017 ; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ).

Kuphatikiza apo, deta yoyambirira ikusonyeza kuti naltrexone, mankhwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda obwera chifukwa cha mowa ndi opioid, angathandize pochiza ma CSB ( Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015 ; Raymond, Grant, & Coleman, 2010 ). Ponena za gulu la matenda a CSB lomwe likuperekedwa ngati vuto lolamulira malingaliro, pali deta yomwe ikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe akufuna chithandizo cha mtundu umodzi wa matenda a CSB, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta, samasiyana pankhani ya kulakalaka kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri. M'malo mwake amawonetsedwa ndi nkhawa yowonjezereka ( Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015 ; Gola et al., 2017 ), ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala chokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za nkhawa chingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro zina za CSB ( Gola & Potenza, 2016 ). Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kupeza mfundo zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kugawa magulu, deta yambiri ikuwoneka kuti ikuchirikiza kugawa magulu ngati vuto loledzera poyerekeza ndi vuto lolamulira malingaliro ( Kraus et al., 2016 ), ndipo kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti aunike ubale ndi matenda ena amisala ( Potenza et al., 2017 ).

17) Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza mwa Anthu ndi Zitsanzo Zoyambirira (2018) - Zolemba:

Khalidwe lachiwerewere lachiwerewere (CSB) likuwoneka kuti ndi "khalidwe loledzera," ndipo ndilo vuto lalikulu kwa moyo wa umoyo komanso thanzi labwino. Komabe, CSB yachedwa kuchepetsedwa ngati matenda opatsirana. CSB imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana komanso mavuto osokoneza bongo, ndipo kafukufuku wamakono akusonyeza kuti matenda a neural pathologies ndi ogawanirana kapena ophatikizana, makamaka m'madera a ubongo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala olimbikitsana komanso oletsa kulamulira. Maphunziro a kachipatala akuyang'anitsitsa akutsatiridwa omwe atha kusintha kayendedwe kake ndi / kapena ntchito ku prefrontal cortex, amygdala, striatum, ndi thalamus mwa anthu omwe akudwala CSB. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha maphunziro a CSB pa makoswe amphongo akukambidwa ndikupanga ndondomeko ya chiwopsezo kuti ayesetse kufunafuna khalidwe la chiwerewere ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake siziwoneka bwino.

Chifukwa chakuti CSB imagawana makhalidwe ndi zovuta zina, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuyerekezera kwa masewero a CSB, ndi maphunziro osokoneza bongo, zingakhale zothandiza kuzindikira kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zoonadi, kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza njira zofanana zogwiritsira ntchito maukonde ndi zogwirizanitsa mkati mwazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku CSB komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo [87-89].

Pomalizira, ndemangayi inafotokozera mwachidule maphunziro ndi zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu pa CSB komanso kusokonezeka ndi mavuto ena, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pamodzi, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti CSB imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kogwiritsidwa ntchito kogwiritsidwa ntchito kogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amygdala, striatum, ndi thalamus, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kugwirizana pakati pa amygdala ndi prefrontal cortex. Komanso, chitsanzo choyenera cha CSB mu makoswe aamuna chidafotokozedwa, kuphatikizapo umboni watsopano wa kusintha kwa neural mu mPFC ndi OFC zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kutayika koletsa kugonana. Chitsanzo chokhazikikachi chimapereka mpata wapadera woyesera malingaliro ofunikira kuti azindikire zowonongeka ndi zifukwa zenizeni za CSB ndi kuyanjana ndi mavuto ena.

18) Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Kugonana mu Nthawi ya Intaneti (2018) - Chidule:

Chikhumbo chochepa chogonana, kukhutitsidwa kocheperako pakugonana, ndi kusokonekera kwa erectile (ED) kukuchulukirachulukira mwa achinyamata. Pakafukufuku waku Italy kuyambira 2013, mpaka 25% ya odwala omwe anali ndi ED anali osakwana zaka 40 [1], ndipo kafukufuku wofananira yemwe adalembedwa mu 2014, woposa theka la abambo aku Canada azaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 21 anali ndi vuto linalake lachiwerewere [2]. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa moyo wopanda thanzi womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi organic ED sikunasinthe kwambiri kapena kuchepa m'zaka makumi zapitazi, ndikuwonetsa kuti psychogenic ED ikukwera [3].

DSM-IV-TR imatanthauzira mikhalidwe ina yokhala ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi, monga kutchova njuga, kugula malonda, kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwerewere, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masewera apakanema, ngati "vuto losalamulirika lomwe silinafotokozeredwe kwina" - ngakhale zambiri izi zimawonetsedwa ngati zikhalidwe zosokoneza bongo [4 ]. Kafukufuku waposachedwa apereka lingaliro lamakhalidwe azokakamiza pakugonana: kusintha kwa njira za neurobiological zomwe zimakhudzana ndikuyankha kugonana zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zoyambitsidwa mobwerezabwereza, zoyambira zazikulu zosiyanasiyana.

Pakati pa zizoloŵezi zoipa, kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti molakwika ndi kuwonetsa zolaula pa Intaneti zimatchulidwa kuti zingakhale zovuta zowononga kugonana, nthawi zambiri popanda malire enieni pakati pa zochitika ziwirizi. Ogwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti amakopeka ndi zolaula pa intaneti chifukwa cha kudziwika kwake, kukwanitsa, ndi kukwaniritsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kungapangitse owerenga kugwiritsa ntchito chizoloŵezi cha kugonana ndi anthu pa Intaneti: M'mabuku amenewa, ogwiritsa ntchito amaiwala kwambiri "kusintha" kwa kugonana, kupeza chisangalalo chochulukira pa zosankha zofuna kugonana zofuna kugonana kusiyana ndi kugonana.

M'mabuku, ofufuza sagwirizana ndi ntchito zabwino ndi zoipa zolaula pa Intaneti. Kuchokera kumbali yolakwika, imayimira chikonzero chachikulu cha khalidwe lachinyengo, chizoloŵezi chogonana, komanso erectile dysfunction.

19) Njira zodziwira matenda amisala mu vuto la khalidwe logonana mokakamiza (2018) - Zolemba:

Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wochuluka wokhudzana ndi chiwerewere wakhala akupereka njira zowonongeka zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azigonana komanso asamadwale. Mchitidwe wogonana mwachinyengo umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa ntchito m'madera a ubongo ndi magulu okhudzidwa ndi kuwalimbikitsa, kuzoloŵera, kusokoneza maganizo, ndi kupindula mphoto muzochitika ngati zinthu, kutchova juga, ndi zizoloŵezi zosewera. Zigawo zazikulu za ubongo zogwirizana ndi zigawo za CSB zikuphatikizapo ma cortices oyang'anizana ndi am'mbuyo, amygdala, ndi striatum, kuphatikizapo nucleus accumbens.

CSBD yaphatikizidwa mu mtundu waposachedwa wa ICD-11 ngati vuto lolamulira zinthu zosafunikira [39]. Monga momwe bungwe la WHO linafotokozera, 'Matenda olamulira zinthu zosafunikira amadziwika ndi kulephera mobwerezabwereza kukana chilakolako, chilakolako, kapena chilakolako chochita chinthu chomwe chimapindulitsa munthuyo, osachepera kwakanthawi kochepa, ngakhale zotsatira zake monga kuvulaza munthuyo kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kwa ena, kuvutika maganizo chifukwa cha khalidwe lake, kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mabanja, m'magulu, m'maphunziro, kuntchito, kapena m'magawo ena ofunikira pantchito' [39]. Zomwe zapezeka pano zikubweretsa mafunso ofunikira okhudza kugawa kwa CSBD. Matenda ambiri omwe amadziwika ndi kulephera kulamulira zinthu zosafunikira amagawidwa kwina mu ICD-11 (mwachitsanzo, kutchova juga, masewera, ndi matenda ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagawidwa ngati matenda osokoneza bongo) [123].

20) Kumvetsetsa Kwatsopano kwa Sayansi ya Khalidwe la Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugonana ndi Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Kugonana (2018) - Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wam'mbuyo posachedwapa wavumbula kuti kugonana kosayenera kumagwirizanitsa ndi kusintha kwa kugonana ndi kusiyana kwa ubongo ndi ntchito.

Zomwe taphunzira mwachidule muzowonjezera zathu zimaphatikizapo zofanana ndi zizoloŵezi zokhudzana ndi khalidwe ndi zakuthupi, zomwe zimagawana zambiri zolakwika zomwe zapezeka kwa CSBD (monga momwe zikuwonzedwera mu [127]). Ngakhale kuti silingathe kufotokozedwa ndi lipoti laposachedwapa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi khalidwe lachikhalidwe amadziwika ndi kusintha kwachidwi komwe kumawongolera mwachindunji, zoyenera kuchita, ndi zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo (zochitika mwachidule ndi ndemanga: [128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133]; mowa: [134, 135]; cocaine: [136, 137]; fodya: [138, 139]; njuga: [140, 141]; masewera: [142, 143]). Zotsatira zokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito zogwirira ntchito zimasonyeza kufanana pakati pa CSBD ndi zina zoledzeretsa [144, 145].

Ngakhale kuti maphunziro ofufuza a khungu la CSBD akhala akuchitidwa mpaka pano, deta yomwe ilipo imasonyeza kuti vuto la nthenda ya sayansi limagwirizana nawo ndi zina zowonjezera monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kutchova njuga. Motero, deta yomwe ilipo ikusonyeza kuti zigawo zake zingakhale zoyenera monga chizolowezi chogonana m'malo mwa vuto lodziletsa.

21) Kubwerezabwereza kwa Ventral Striatal mu Machitidwe Ogonana Okakamiza (2018) - Zolemba:

Makhalidwe Ogonana Okakamiza (CSB) ndi chifukwa chofunafuna chithandizo. Popeza izi ndi zoona, chiwerengero cha maphunziro pa CSB chawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi ndipo Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) linaphatikizapo CSB mu lingaliro lake la ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera…… Malinga ndi malingaliro athu, ndikofunikira kufufuza ngati CSB ingasiyanitsidwe m'magulu awiri omwe amadziwika ndi: (1) machitidwe ogonana olamulira anthu, ndi (2) machitidwe olamulira ogonana okhaokha komanso kuonera zolaula ( 48 , 49 ).

Kuchuluka kwa maphunziro omwe alipo pa CSB (ndi anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi) kukuchulukirachulukira. Pakati pa maphunziro omwe alipo pano, tidatha kupeza zofalitsa zisanu ndi zinayi (Gome 1 ) zomwe zidagwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa maginito ogwirira ntchito. Zinayi zokha mwa izi ( 36-39 ) zidafufuza mwachindunji momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito komanso/kapena mphotho zimagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zapezeka zokhudzana ndi kuyambitsa kwa ventral striatum. Maphunziro atatu akuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa reactivity ya ventral striatal chifukwa cha zinthu zokopa ( 36-39 ) kapena zinthu zomwe zikuneneratu zinthu zokopa ( 36-39 ). Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi Incentive Salience Theory (IST) ( 28 ), imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zomwe zimafotokoza momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito mu chizolowezi. Chithandizo chokhacho cha njira ina yophunzitsira yomwe imaneneratu kuti ventral striatum mu chizolowezi sichimachitika, RDS theory ( 29 , 30 ), imachokera ku kafukufuku wina ( 37 ), pomwe anthu omwe ali ndi CSB adawonetsa kuyambitsidwa kwa ventral striatal kotsika chifukwa cha zinthu zosangalatsa poyerekeza ndi zowongolera.

22) Chizolowezi cha Zolaula Pa intaneti: Zimene Tikudziwa ndi Zimene Sitikudziwa—Ndemanga Yadongosolo (2019) – Zidule:

M'zaka zochepa zapitazi, pakhala pali funde lazinthu zokhudzana ndi zizolowezi zikhalidwe; ena mwa iwo amayang'ana kwambiri zolaula za pa intaneti. Komabe, ngakhale kuyesetsa konse, tikulephera kudziwa pomwe kuchita izi kukuchitika. Mavuto omwe amapezeka ndi monga: kukondera mwachitsanzo, kusaka zida zothandizira kuzindikira, kutsutsana koyenerana ndi nkhaniyi, komanso kuti chinthuchi chitha kuzunguliridwa mkati mwa njira yayikulu kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo) omwe amatha kupezeka ndi chizindikiro chosiyana kwambiri. Zokonda zamakhalidwe ophunzitsira zimakhala gawo lopanda maphunziro, ndipo nthawi zambiri limawonetsa mtundu wamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito: kuwongolera, kuwonongeka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ngozi.

Hypersexual disc imakwanira pamfanizoli ndipo imatha kupangidwa ndi zochitika zingapo zogonana, monga zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pa intaneti (POPU). Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kukukulira, ndipo kukhoza kutengera vuto la "katatu" "(kupezeka, kuthekera, kudziwika). Kugwiritsa ntchito kovuta kumeneku kukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa mukulimbikitsa kugonana komanso kuchita zogonana, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata.

Monga momwe tikudziwira, kafukufuku wina wam'mbuyomu akuthandizira gululi kukhala chidakwa ndi mawonetseredwe ofunikira ofunikira monga kusokonezeka kwa kugonana ndi kusakhutira kwa kugonana. Ntchito zambiri zomwe zikupezekapo zimachokera ku kafukufuku wofanana ndi wochitidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro owonetsa zithunzi zolaula monga "supranormal stimulus" mofanana ndi chinthu chenichenicho chomwe, kupyolera mukudya, chingayambitse matenda osokoneza bongo. Komabe, malingaliro monga kulekerera ndi kudziletsa sizinakhazikitsidwe mokwanira kuti ziyenera kulemba kuledzeretsa, ndipo motero ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kafukufuku wamtsogolo. Pakali pano, gulu lachidziwitso lomwe limaphatikizapo khalidwe la kugonana laphatikizidwa ku ICD-11 chifukwa cha zomwe akufunikira panopa, ndipo zitha kukhala zothandiza kuthetsa odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe amapempha madokotala kuti awathandize.

23) Kupezeka ndi chitukuko cha chizolowezi choonera zolaula pa intaneti: zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi vuto la kugonana, njira zolimbitsa thupi komanso njira zolumikizirana ndi ubongo (2019) - Zolemba:

Kuyamba ndi kukulitsa kwa chizolowezi cha cybersex chili ndi magawo awiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe othandizira. Choyamba, anthu nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti chifukwa cha zosangalatsa ndi chidwi. Pa siteji iyi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa intaneti kumapangidwa mozikondweretsa pogonana ndipo Zotsatira mumawonekedwe apakale, zimawonjezeranso chidwi cha zomwe zimalumikizana ndi cybersex zomwe zimayambitsa kulakalaka kwambiri. Mavuto omwe amakumana nawo payekha amakonzanso chidwi cha zochitika zokhudzana ndi cybersex. Pachigawo chachiwiri, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito cybersex pafupipafupi kukhutiritsa zilakolako zawo zogonana kapena Pazinthu izi, mkati mwazinthu zokhudzana ndi cybersex monga kuyembekezera kwabwino kwa cybersex ndi njira zopirira ngati kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuthana ndi malingaliro osalimbikitsa ndizolimbikitsidwa. ndi chizolowezi cha cybersex monga narcissism, kufunafuna chilakolako chogonana, chisangalalo chogonana, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosagonana kumagwiranso bwino ntchito, pomwe zovuta zaumunthu wamba monga mantha, kudziona wotsika ndi psychopathologies monga kukhumudwa, nkhawa ndizolimbikitsidwa.

Zofooka zogwira ntchito zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali pa cybersex. Kuchita kwa mkulu ntchito zoperewera ndi kukhumba kwambiri kumalimbikitsa kukulitsa ndi kukonza Kwa cybersex. Ofufuza omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamaubongo makamaka kuphunzirira chizolowezi cha cybersex adapeza kuti zizolowezi za cybersex zimatha kukulira kulakalaka kwamphamvu kwa cybersex ikakumana ndi zilonda zokhudzana ndi cybersex, koma zimamva kucheperachepera komanso zosasangalatsa mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Kafukufuku amapereka umboni wa kulakalaka kwambiri komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi miyambo yokhudzana ndi cybersex komanso ntchito yodwala.

Pomaliza, anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti sangathe kuyimitsa chilakolako chogonana pa intaneti mwachidwi chifukwa chofuna kuchita zogonana pa intaneti komanso operewera, koma samakhutira ndikamagwiritsa ntchito, ndikufufuza zolaula zambiri pa intaneti pakuwononga nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri. Akachepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito intaneti kapena kungosiya, amatha kudwala mavuto osiyanasiyana monga kukhumudwa, kuda nkhawa, kusokonekera, kusowa chilakolako chogonana.

24) Malingaliro, kupewa, ndi kuchiza matenda okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (2019) - Zolemba:

Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta, aphatikizidwa ku ICD-11 ngati chisokonezo cholamulira chisokonezo. Njira zodziwitsira za matendawa, komabe, ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka chifukwa cha zizolowezi zoipa, mwachitsanzo, zochitika zachiwerewere zobwereza zimakhala gawo lalikulu pamoyo wamunthu, zoyesayesa zopanda pake zakuchepetsa machitidwe abwenzi ogonana ndikupitilizabe kuchita zadama. mukukumana ndi zoyipa (WHO, 2019). Ofufuza ambiri ndi akatswiri azachipatala amanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kumatha kuonedwa ngati chizolowezi chakhalidwe.

Kuchita zofanananso ndi kukhumba kophatikizana ndi kuchepetsedwa kudziwongolera, kuzindikira zodziwika bwino (mwachitsanzo, zizolowezi) ndi kukhutitsidwa ndikulipidwa kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwawonetsedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kafukufuku wa Neurosciology amatsimikizira kukhudzidwa kwa magawo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bongo, kuphatikiza ma ventral striatum ndi mbali zina za fronto-striatal loops, pakukonza ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta. Malipoti a milandu ndi kafukufuku wotsimikizira-za malingaliro akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kulowererapo kwa zamankhwala, mwachitsanzo, opioid antagonist naltrexone, pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso vuto lokakamiza pa kugonana.

Kulingalira kwa malingaliro ndi umboni wamphamvu kumawonetsa kuti njira zamaganizidwe ndi mitsempha zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zovuta zowonjezereka ndizothandizanso pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

25) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Zovuta Zodziona: Chitsanzo Chophatikiza Kuchokera ku Zofunikira Zofufuza ndi Malingaliro Achilengedwe (2019) - Zolemba Zina

Kugwiritsa ntchito mwazovuta zolaula kumawoneka ngati kogwirizana ndi magawo angapo osanthula ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana munyama. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka mkati mwa RDoC paradigm zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndizotheka kupanga mawonekedwe ogwirizana omwe magawo osiyanasiyana a kusanthula amakhudzana wina ndi mzake (mkuyu. 1). Zikuwoneka kuti ma dopamine okwera kwambiri, omwe amapezeka pakachitidwe kwachilengedwe kwa mphotho yokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana ndi orgasm, amasokoneza kayendedwe ka VTA-NAc mwa anthu omwe anena lipoti la SPPPU. Kuchulukitsa kumeneku kumabweretsa kuyambitsa kwakukulu kwa njira yamalipiro ndikuwonjezereka kwamachitidwe okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kulimbikitsa njira yothandizira pazinthu zolaula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dopamine mu nucleus accumbens.

Kuwonetserabe zolaula zomwe zikuchitika mwachangu komanso zosavuta kuzipeza zikuwoneka kuti kumayambitsa kusamvana mu mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Dopamine yochulukirayi imayambitsa njira zotulutsira GABA, ndikupanga dynorphin ngati chinthu, chomwe chimaletsa ma dopamine neurons. Dopamine ikachepa, acetylcholine imamasulidwa ndipo imatha kubweretsa vuto (Hoebel et al. 2007), ndikupanga mphotho yoyipa yomwe imapezeka mgawo lachiwiri la mitundu ya zosokoneza bongo. Kusiyanaku kumalumikizananso ndikusintha kuchoka ku njira zopewera kupewa, zomwe zimawonedwa ndi anthu omwe amafotokoza zolaula zovuta…. Kusintha uku kwamachitidwe amkati ndi machitidwe pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi SPPPU ndi ofanana ndi omwe amawonedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo, ndipo amalemba mapangidwe azinthu zosokoneza bongo (Love et al. 2015).

26) Chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti: chithunzithunzi cha chitukuko ndi chithandizo cha matenda atsopano (2020) - Zidule:

Kuledzera kwa cybersex ndichizolowezi chosagwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugonana pa intaneti. Masiku ano, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi kugonana kapena zolaula zimapezeka mosavuta kudzera pa intaneti. Ku Indonesia, zogonana nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zolaula koma achinyamata ambiri amakhala ndi zolaula. Zimatha kuyambitsa chizolowezi chokhala ndi zovuta zambiri pa ogwiritsa ntchito, monga maubale, ndalama, komanso mavuto amisala monga nkhawa yayikulu komanso nkhawa.

27) Ndi Mikhalidwe Iti Yomwe Iyenera Kuonedwa Ngati Matenda mu International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) Kutchulidwa kwa "Matenda Ena Odziwika Chifukwa cha Makhalidwe Osokoneza Bongo"? (2020) - Ndemanga ya akatswiri okonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula imatsimikiza kuti vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi vuto lomwe liyenera kupezeka ndi gulu la ICD-11 "matenda ena odziwika chifukwa cha machitidwe osokoneza bongo". Mwanjira ina, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza kumawoneka ngati zizolowezi zina zodziwika. Zidule:

35) Kuyankha Mphotho, Kuphunzira, ndi Kuyamikira Komwe Kumakhudzana ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zovuta - Kafukufuku Wokhudza Ma Domain Criteria Perspective (2022) - Zidule:

Mwachidule, zotsatira za maphunziro a SID odziwa zambiri zimaloza kumayendedwe ndi neural mphotho zoyembekeza zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa pakugonana ndi mphotho zandalama mwa omwe ali ndi PPU monga momwe chiphunzitso chodziwika bwino cholimbikitsira chizoloŵezi chimalimbikitsa [35]. Lingaliro ili likuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa chinthu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphotho zomwe zimayenderana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke zimawonjezera zolimbikitsa pazotsatirazi. Kusamutsidwa ku PPU, malipiro ozungulira anganene kuti kuwonjezereka kwachilimbikitso ku zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

36) Kodi khalidwe lovuta la kugonana liyenera kuonedwa motsatira njira yoledzera? Ndemanga yokonzedwa bwino yochokera ku DSM-5 drug use disorder criteria (2023)

Njira za DSM-5 zazovuta zosokoneza bongo zidapezeka kuti ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zogonana omwe ali ndi vuto, makamaka kulakalaka, kulephera kudziletsa pakugwiritsa ntchito zogonana, ndi zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi kugonana…. Maphunziro ochulukirapo akuyenera kuchitidwa [pogwiritsa ntchito] njira za DSM-5 [kuwunika] mawonekedwe omwe ali ngati chizolowezi chogonana ndizovuta m'magulu azachipatala komanso omwe siachipatala.

37) Matenda ogonana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kukakamiza kugonana (CSBD) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta (PPU): Ndemanga yokwanira, yokhudza maphunziro osiyanasiyana, komanso yochokera kwa akatswiri yokhala ndi malangizo amtsogolo (2026)

Ndemanga iyi ikusonkhanitsa maphunziro aposachedwa a ubongo komanso kupanga mitundu ina yambiri ya kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta (PPU) ndi Disordered Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSBD).

Pali ntchito yambiri yoti ichitike. Ndikofunikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kukhale kovuta, kutanthauza kuti sikumaphatikizidwa ndi kugonana ndi mnzanu ndikuonedwa ngati vuto lolamulira chilakolako. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kuyenera kuyikidwa pamalo oyenera, ndi chizolowezi cha masewera a pa intaneti ndi kutchova juga. Tikufunanso kuona ofufuza akupempha ophunzira kuti athetse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti athe kuyeza zotsatira zake, ndipo tikufuna kuwona zambiri zokhudza Mavuto Ogonana Oyambitsidwa ndi Zolaula.

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Onani Kafukufuku Wokayikitsa & Wosokeretsa kuti mupeze mapepala ofalitsidwa kwambiri omwe si omwe amanena kuti ndi omwe ali ( pepala ili lakale - Ley et al. , 2014 - silinali ndemanga ya mabuku ndipo linanena molakwika mapepala ambiri omwe adatchula). Onani tsamba lino kuti mupeze maphunziro ambiri ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso kuchepa kwa chikhutiro cha kugonana ndi ubale.

Maphunziro a ubongo (FMRI, MRI, EEG, Neuro-endocrine, Neuro-pyschological) pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi olowerera kugonana:

Maphunziro amitsempha omwe ali pansipa ali m'magulu awiri: (1) Ndi ukadaulo wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi kusintha ubongo uliwonse wanena, ndipo (2) pofika tsiku lolemba.

1) Yolembedwa ndi Kusintha kwa Ubongo Kokhudzana ndi Kuledzera : Kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo kunayi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuledzera kwafotokozedwa ndi George F. Koob ndi Nora D. Volkow mu ndemanga yawo yodziwika bwino. Koob ndi Mtsogoleri wa National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), ndipo Volkow ndi mkulu wa National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Inasindikizidwa mu The New England Journal of Medicine: Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016) . Pepalali likufotokoza kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuledzera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso khalidwe, pomwe likunena m'ndime yake yoyamba kuti kuledzera kwa kugonana kulipo:

"Timaganiza kuti sayansi ya ubongo ikupitirizabe kuthandizira chitsanzo cha matenda a ubongo a chizolowezi. Kafukufuku wa sayansi ya ubongo m'derali samangopereka mwayi watsopano wopewera ndi kuchiza zizolowezi zoledzeretsa ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi khalidwe (monga chakudya, kugonana , ndi kutchova juga)…."

Pepala la Volkow & Koob linafotokoza zinthu zinayi zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa ubongo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chizolowezi, zomwe ndi: 1) Kuzindikira , 2) Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kumva , 3) Ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino (kusaganizira bwino), 4) Kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la nkhawa . Kusintha konseku kwa ubongo kwapezeka pakati pa maphunziro ambiri a ubongo omwe ali patsamba lino:

• Zofufuza zapoti kulimbikitsa (cue-reactivity & cravings) mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / osokoneza bongo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
• Zofufuza zapoti deensitization kapena chizoloŵezi (chomwe chimapangitsa kulekerera) owonetsa zithunzi zolaula / ozunguza kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
• Zofukufuku zomwe zimanena kuti ntchito yosauka ikuyenda bwino (chinyengo) kapena kusinthidwa ntchito yoyendetsa zolaula m'magwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogonana ndi anthu ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
• Zofufuza zosonyeza a matenda osayenerera owonetsa zithunzi zolaula / ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

2) Yolembedwa Pofika Tsiku Lofalitsidwa : Mndandanda wotsatirawu uli ndi maphunziro onse a ubongo omwe amafalitsidwa pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana. Kafukufuku aliyense wolembedwa pansipa ali ndi kufotokozera kapena chidule, ndipo akuwonetsa kuti ndi uti mwa kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi chizolowezi komwe kwangokambirana zomwe zapezeka zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapezeka:

1) Kufufuza Koyambirira kwa Makhalidwe Osayembekezereka ndi a Neuroanatomical a Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza ( Miner et al. , 2009) – [ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino/ntchito yosauka ya woyang'anira] – Kafukufuku waung'ono wa fMRI wokhudza makamaka anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana (Compulsive Sexual Behavior). Kafukufukuyu akufotokoza za khalidwe losayembekezereka kwambiri mu ntchito ya Go-NoGo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ndi vuto lolamulira. Kufufuza kwa ubongo kunawonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana anali ndi vuto losokoneza prefrontal cortex white matter poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lolamulira. Zidule:

Zomwe zafotokozedwa papepalali zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti CSB imafanana kwambiri ndi zovuta zowongolera, monga kleptomania, kutchova juga mokakamiza, komanso zovuta zamadyedwe. Makamaka, tawona kuti anthu omwe amakwaniritsa njira zodzikakamizira kuti azichita zachiwerewere amapambana kwambiri pakudzifotokozera, kutengera kukhudzika kwathunthu komanso umunthu, cholepheretsa …… .. Kuphatikiza pazomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, odwala a CSB adawonetseranso chidwi chachikulu pantchito yamakhalidwe, njira ya Go-No Go.

Zotsatira zimasonyezanso kuti odwala a CSB amasonyeza kuti apamwamba kwambiri kuposa dera lonselo amatanthauza kusiyana (MD) kuposa malamulo. Kuwonana kwa mgwirizano kunawonetsera mgwirizano wofunikira pakati pa zochitika zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha m'madera ochepa omwe ali m'madera ozungulira omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda (FA) ndi MD, koma palibe mabungwe omwe ali ndi magawo akuluakulu omwe akuyendera. Kuwonanso komweko kunasonyeza kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa MD ndi mkulu wa zochitika za kugonana.

Chifukwa chake, kusanthula koyambirira kumeneku ndikulonjeza ndikuwonetsa kuti pali zina za neuroanatomical komanso / kapena neurophysiological zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kugonana kokakamiza. Zambirizi zikuwonetsanso kuti CSB imadziwika ndi kukakamizidwa, komanso imaphatikizanso zinthu zina, zomwe zingakhale zokhudzana ndi kukhudzika mtima komanso nkhawa za OCD.

2) Kusiyana komwe kunanenedwa pa miyeso ya ntchito ya utsogoleri ndi khalidwe la hypersexual mwa amuna odwala ndi anthu ammudzi ( Reid et al ., 2010) – [ntchito yofooka ya utsogoleri] – Chidule:

Odwala omwe amafunafuna chithandizo chamakhalidwe ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukhudzidwa, kusakhazikika, kuzindikira moperewera, kuchepa kwamalamulo am'maganizo, komanso kutanganidwa kwambiri ndi kugonana. Zina mwazinthuzi ndizofala pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mitsempha lomwe limakhudzana ndi kutha kwa ntchito. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakufufuzidwe pakadali pano kusiyana pakati pa gulu la odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana (n = 87) ndi anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (n = 92) azimuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Behaeve Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Khalidwe logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha linali logwirizana ndi ma indices apadziko lonse lapansi osagwira bwino ntchito komanso zolipira zingapo za BRIEF-A. Zotsatira izi zimapereka umboni woyamba wotsimikizira kuti kusokonekera kwa akuluakulu kumatha kukhala ndi vuto lachiwerewere.

3) Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti: Udindo wa Kukonda Kugonana ndi Zizindikiro za Maganizo ndi Zamaganizo pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mawebusayiti Ogonana pa Intaneti Mopitirira Muyeso ( Brand et al. , 2011) – [kulakalaka/kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yofooka ya utsogoleri] – Chidule:

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti mavuto omwe amadziwika pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ogwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zogonana pa intaneti amanenedweratu ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana, chiwonongeko chachikulu cha zizindikiro zamaganizo, ndi chiwerengero cha kugonana komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhala pa Intaneti pa malo ogonana, pamene nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito malo opatsirana pogonana pa intaneti (maminiti patsiku) sizinathandize kwambiri kufotokozera kusiyana kwa magawo a IATsex. Timawona zofanana pakati pa njira zamaganizo ndi ubongo zimene zingathandize kuti zisamalire pa Intaneti komanso zomwe zimafotokozedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidaliro chodalira.

4) Kujambula Zithunzi Zolaula Kumasokoneza Kugwira Ntchito kwa Kukumbukira ( Laier et al. , 2013) – [kulakalaka/kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yofooka ya utsogoleri] – Chidule:

Anthu ena amafotokoza mavuto panthawi yogonana pa intaneti ndi pambuyo, monga kusowa tulo ndikuiwala mayina, omwe amakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zoipa za moyo. Njira imodzi yomwe ingabweretse mavuto amenewa ndikuti kugonana pa nthawi yogonana pa Intaneti kungasokoneze mphamvu ya kukumbukira ntchito (WM), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kunyalanyaza zinthu zowonongeka kwazomwe zimapangidwira zachilengedwe komanso kusokoneza chisankho. Zotsatira zinawonetsa zovuta kwambiri za WM kuchithunzi cha zithunzi zolaula za ntchito ya 4-kumbuyo poyerekeza ndi zinthu zitatu zotsalira. Zakafukufuku zafotokozedwa potsata kuledzera kwa intaneti chifukwa chakuti kulephera kwa WM ndi zida zokhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala oledzeretsa zimadziwika bwino kuchokera kuzinthu zowonongeka.

5) Kujambula Zithunzi Zogonana Kumasokoneza Kupanga Zisankho Mosamveka ( Laier et al ., 2013) – [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yofooka ya utsogoleri] – Chidule:

Kuchita zisankho kunali koipa kwambiri pamene zithunzi zachiwerewere zimagwiridwa ndi mapepala osokoneza mapepala poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimachitika pamene zithunzi zogonana zogwirizana ndi zopindulitsa. Kugonjera kugonana kwachangu kunayambitsa mgwirizano pakati pa chikhalidwe cha ntchito ndi kupanga kupanga chisankho. Phunziroli likugogomezera kuti kukakamiza kugonana kumasokoneza kupanga chisankho, chomwe chikhoza kufotokoza chifukwa chake anthu ena amakumana ndi zotsatira zoipa pa nkhani yogwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti.

6) Chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti: Kukhala ndi chilakolako chogonana mukamayang'ana zolaula osati kugonana kwenikweni kumabweretsa kusiyana ( Laier et al ., 2013) – [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yofooka ya woyang'anira] – Chidule:

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti zizindikiro zogonana zimadzuka ndikulakalaka zolaula pa Intaneti zowonongeka zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pa phunziro loyamba. Komanso, zinasonyezedwa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a pa Intaneti ogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga ogonana amavomereza kuti akugonana kwambiri komanso akulakalaka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolaula. Mu maphunziro onsewa, chiwerengero ndi khalidwe ndi zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwenikweni zamoyo sizinayanjanitsidwe ndi chizoloŵezi cha kugonana pa Intaneti. Zotsatirazi zimapereka chithunzithunzi chokhutiritsa, chomwe chimayambitsa kulimbikitsa, kuphunzira njira, ndikukhumba kukhala njira yoyenera pakukula ndi kukonzanso kuledzera kwa cybersex. Osauka kapena osakhutiritsa zokhudzana ndi zogonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana sangathe kufotokoza mokwanira za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti.

7) Chilakolako Chogonana, osati Kugonana Kwambiri, Chimakhudzana ndi Mayankho a Mitsempha Yokhudzana ndi Zithunzi Zogonana ( Steele et al. , 2013) – [kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana: kukhudzidwa ndi chizolowezi] – Kafukufuku wa EEG uyu adalengezedwa m'manyuzipepala ngati umboni wotsutsa kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula. Sizili choncho . Steele et al . 2013 kwenikweni amalimbikitsa kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogonana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. Kodi zingatheke bwanji? Kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti ma EEG ambiri amawerengedwa (poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zosalowerera) pamene anthu adawonetsedwa mwachidule ku zithunzi zolaula. Kafukufuku nthawi zonse amasonyeza kuti P300 yokwera imachitika pamene anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amawonetsedwa ku zizindikiro (monga zithunzi) zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chawo.

Mogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wa ubongo wa ku Cambridge University , kafukufuku wa EEG uyu adanenanso kuti zolaula zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi anthu okwatirana. Kunena kwina - anthu omwe ali ndi ubongo wokonda kwambiri zolaula amakonda kudziseweretsa maliseche m'malo mogonana ndi munthu weniweni. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, wolankhulira kafukufukuyu Nicole Prause adati ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula anali ndi "chilakolako chachikulu," koma zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikunena zosiyana kwambiri (chilakolako cha anthu ogonana ndi anthu okwatirana chinali kuchepa poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula).

Pamodzi, zomwe Steele et al. adapeza zikuwonetsa kuti ubongo umagwira ntchito kwambiri pa zizindikiro (zithunzi zolaula), koma kusowa kwa mayankho ambiri ku mphotho zachilengedwe (kugonana ndi munthu). Kuzindikira ndi kuletsa kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu, zomwe ndi zizindikiro za chizolowezi. Mapepala asanu ndi atatu owunikidwa ndi anzawo akufotokoza zoona: Ndemanga zowunikidwa ndi anzawo za Steele et al. , 2013. Onaninso ndemanga yayikulu ya YBOP iyi.

Kupatulapo zonena zambiri zosachirikizidwa m'manyuzipepala, n'zosadabwitsa kuti kafukufuku wa 2013 wa Prause wa EGG adapambana ndemanga ya anzawo, chifukwa adakumana ndi zolakwika zazikulu za njira: 1) anthu anali osiyana (amuna, akazi, osakhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha) ; 2) anthu sanayang'anitsidwe matenda amisala kapena zizolowezi ; 3) kafukufukuyu analibe gulu lowongolera poyerekeza ; 4) mafunso sanatsimikizidwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito zolaula kapena chizolowezi cha zolaula . Steele et al. ali ndi cholakwika chachikulu kotero kuti ndemanga ndi ndemanga 4 zokha mwa zomwe zili pamwambapa 24 ndizosafunikira kuzitchula : ziwiri zikutsutsa ngati sayansi yosavomerezeka, pomwe ziwiri zikutchula kuti zikugwirizana ndi cue-reactivity ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi mnzanu (zizindikiro za chizolowezi).

8) Kapangidwe ka Ubongo ndi Kulumikizana Kogwira Ntchito Kogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Ubongo pa Zolaula ( Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014) - [kuchotsa chilakolako, chizolowezi, ndi ma circuits osagwira ntchito]. Kafukufuku wa Max Planck Institute wa fMRI adanenanso za zotsatira zitatu za ubongo zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso: (1) kuchepa kwa zinthu zopatsa mphotho (dorsal striatum), (2) kuchepa kwa ntchito yopereka mphoto poyang'ana zithunzi zogonana mwachidule, (3) kulumikizana koyipa pakati pa dorsal striatum ndi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Ofufuzawo adatanthauzira zomwe zapezeka zitatuzi ngati chizindikiro cha zotsatira za kuwonetsedwa kwa zolaula kwa nthawi yayitali. Kafukufukuyu adati,

Izi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti kuwonetsedwa kwambiri ndi zolaula kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu yachilengedwe ya mitsempha ku chilakolako chogonana.

Ponena za kuwonetseratu kosauka pakati pa PFC ndi striatum phunzirolo linati,

Kulephera kwa oyendetsa mabungwewa kwagwirizana ndi zosayenera zosankha, monga kufunafuna mankhwala, mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira zake zoipa

Wolemba wamkulu Simone Kühn, polankhula mu lipoti la atolankhani la Max Planck, anati :

Timaganiza kuti maphunziro omwe ali ndi zithunzi zolaula amafuna kuwonjezereka kuti alandire mphotho yomweyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse kumatulutsa mphoto yanu. Izi zikanakwanira mwangwiro lingaliro lakuti machitidwe awo opindula amayenera kukulirakulira.

9) Ma Neural Correlates a Sexual Cue Reactivity mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi ndi Opanda Ma Compulsive Sexual Behaviors ( Voon et al. , 2014) – [sensitization/cue-reactivity and desensitization] Yoyamba mwa maphunziro angapo a Cambridge University inapeza momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula (omwe ali ndi CSB) monga momwe zimachitikira mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso oledzera - greater cue-reactivity kapena sensitization. Wofufuza wamkulu Valerie Voon anati:

Pali kusiyana pakati pa ubongo pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana komanso odzipereka. Kusiyana kumeneku kumaphatikizapo zomwe zidakali mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Voon et al., 2014 adapezanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula amafanana ndi njira yovomerezeka yoledzera yofuna "zambiri", koma osakondanso "zambiri". Chidule:

Poyerekeza ndi odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, maphunziro a CSB anali ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana kapena akufuna kufotokozera momveka bwino ndipo anali ndi chidwi chochuluka kwambiri pazinthu zowonongeka, motero kusonyeza kusiyana pakati pa kufuna ndi kukonda

Ofufuzawo anafotokoza kuti 60% ya maphunziro (okalamba a zaka: 25) anali ndi vuto pochita zinthu zowonongeka / kukwatira ndi enieni, koma akhoza kukwaniritsa zolaula. Izi zimasonyeza kuwalimbikitsa kapena kuzoloŵera. Zolemba:

Masewera a CSB adanenedwa kuti chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri zida zogonana ... ..wadziwitsidwa mochedwa libido kapena erectile ntchito makamaka mu ubale weniweni ndi akazi (ngakhale osagwirizana ndi zolaula) ...

Masewera a CSB poyerekeza ndi odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino anali ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi kugonana kwaukwati komanso kukhala ndi mavuto ochulukirapo erectile mu chibwenzi chogonana koma osati zogonana.

10) Kukulitsa Kukonda Kwambiri Zizindikiro Zogonana Mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khalidwe Lokakamiza Logonana Ndi Osakakamiza ( Mechelmans et al. , 2014) – [sensitization/cue-reactivity] – Kafukufuku wachiwiri wa ku Cambridge University. Chidule:

Zomwe timapeza zowonjezera chidwi ... zimasonyeza kuti zingatheke kuti anthu azikhala ndi chidwi chodziwika bwino pofufuza za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwapa za neural reactivity kwa zilakolako za kugonana m'maseŵera ofanana ndi omwe akuphatikizidwa mu maphunziro okhudzidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo amapereka chithandizo cholimbikitsana malingaliro okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa chilakolako chogonana ku [ zolaula]. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe taona posachedwapa kuti mavidiyo owonetsa zakugonana akugwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yaikulu mumtundu wa neural womwe umakhala wofanana ndi umene umapezeka mu maphunziro a zida zowonongeka. Chikhumbo chachikulu kapena chofuna kukonda kukonda chinayanjaniranso ndi ntchito mu neural network. Maphunzirowa pamodzi amapereka chithandizo cholimbikitsana chiphunzitso cha chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamachite zachiwerewere ku CSB.

11) Chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti mwa akazi okonda amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti chingafotokozedwe ndi lingaliro la kukhutitsidwa ( Laier et al ., 2014) - [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwakukulu] - Chidule:

Tidasanthula akazi okwanira 51 a IPU ndi azimayi 51 osagwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pa intaneti (NIPU). Pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso, tinayang'ana kuwopsa kwa chizolowezi cha cybersex mwachidule, komanso kuchuluka kwa kukhudzana ndi kugonana, zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana, komanso kutha kwa zizindikiro zamaganizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyeseza koyeserera, kuphatikiza zithunzi zolaula zana limodzi, komanso zisonyezo zakukhumba, zidachitika. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti IPU idavotera zithunzi zolaula kuti zikukondweretsa ndikuti zikulakalaka kwambiri chifukwa cha zithunzi zolaula poyerekeza ndi NIPU. Kuphatikiza apo, kulakalaka, zithunzi zokopa zogonana, chidwi cha kukopeka, kugonana pamavuto, komanso kuopsa kwa zisonyezo zam'maganizo kunaneneratu mtima wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwerewere mu IPU.

Kukhala muubwenzi, kuchuluka kwa maubwenzi ogonana, kukhutitsidwa ndi mayanjano ogonana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pa intaneti sikugwirizana ndi vuto la cybersex. Zotsatira izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimanenedwa kuti ndi amuna amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'misomo yapitayi. Zotsatira zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu cha kugonana, kugonana, njira zophunzirira, komanso kufunikira kwa malingaliro ndi chidwi chofuna kukulitsa chizolowezi cha cybersex ku IPU ziyenera kukambirana.

12) Umboni Wovomerezeka ndi Malingaliro a Ziphunzitso pa Zinthu Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kukonda Kugonana pa Intaneti Kuchokera ku Maganizo Okhudza Khalidwe ( Laier et al. , 2014) – [kulakalaka/kuzindikira kwambiri] – Chidule:

Chikhalidwe cha chochitika chomwe chimatchedwa kuti cyber sex (CA) ndi njira zake za chitukuko chikufotokozedwa. Ntchito yapitayi imasonyeza kuti anthu ena akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo cha CA, pomwe kulimbikitsana ndi kuyimitsa bwinoko kumaonedwa ngati njira zofunikira za chitukuko cha CA. Mu phunziro lino, amuna a amuna osakwatirana a 155 amavomereza zithunzi zolaula za 100 ndikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kugonana kwawo. Komanso, zizoloŵezi za CA, kukhudzidwa ndi chisangalalo cha kugonana, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosagonana mwachisawawa zinawerengedwa. Zotsatira za phunziroli zikusonyeza kuti pali zifukwa za chiopsezo cha CA ndi kupereka umboni wa ntchito yokhutiritsa kugonana ndi kuthana ndi vuto losavomerezeka pa chitukuko cha CA.

13) Zatsopano, Kukonza Zinthu, ndi Kusankha Mphotho Zogonana ( Banca et al ., 2015) – [zilakolako/kuzindikira zinthu kwambiri ndi chizolowezi/kuchepetsa chilakolako cha kugonana] – Kafukufuku wina wa fMRI ku Cambridge University. Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako cha kugonana amakonda zinthu zachilendo komanso zithunzi zolaula zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolaula. Komabe, ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako cha kugonana unazolowera mwachangu zithunzi zogonana. Popeza kukonda zinthu zatsopano sikunalipo kale, akukhulupirira kuti chizolowezi cha zolaula chimayambitsa kufunafuna zinthu zatsopano pofuna kuthana ndi chizolowezi ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako cha kugonana.

Mchitidwe wogonana mwachinyengo (CSB) unagwirizanitsidwa ndi zokonda zapamwamba zogonana, poyerekeza ndi kuwonetsa zithunzi, ndi zofuna zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi ndalama zotsutsana ndi zotsatira zotsutsana poyerekeza ndi odzipereka odzipereka. Anthu a CSB adakhalanso ndi zizoloŵezi zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza zogonana komanso zojambulajambula zapamwamba ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chogonana. Kuyanjana ndi zikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere zosagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chachinyengo zinkakhudzidwa ndi chidwi choyambirira cha kugonana. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti anthu a CSB ali ndi zovuta zogwirizana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana chomwe chingakhale chogwirizana ndi chizoloŵezi chachikulu chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhazikika pamodzi ndi kukulitsa chikhalidwe chokhazikitsa mphoto. Chidule:

Chidule cha nkhani yokhudza nkhaniyi:

Apeza kuti pamene anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiwerewere ankawona chifaniziro chomwecho mobwerezabwereza, poyerekeza ndi odzipereka omwe adakhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ntchito m'madera a ubongo wodziwika kuti akugwiritsanso ntchito khungu lamtundu wina, omwe amadziwika kuti akukhudzidwa ndi kuyembekezera mphoto ndikuyankha zochitika zatsopano. Izi zimagwirizana ndi 'habituation', pomwe munthu amene amamwa mowa amapeza mphotho yofanana - mwachitsanzo, akumwa khofi akhoza kumwa khofi "kuchokera ku kapu yawo yoyamba, koma pakapita nthawi amamwa mowa kwambiri, buzz akukhala.

Chizoloŵezi chomwecho chimapezeka mwa amuna abwino omwe amawonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kanema wolaula. Koma pamene ayang'ana kanema yatsopano, mlingo wokondweretsedwa ndi kuwukweza umabwereranso kuyambirira. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti, kupeŵa chizoloŵezi, chizolowezi chogonana chiyenera kufunafuna nthawi zonse zithunzi zatsopano. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chizoloŵezi chikhoza kuyendetsa kufufuza kwa zithunzi zatsopano.

"Zomwe timapeza zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zolaula pa Intaneti," akutero Dr Voon. "Sizidziwikiratu zomwe zimayambitsa chizoloŵezi chogonana pachiyambi ndipo mwina anthu ena amayamba kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kusiyana ndi ena, koma kupezeka kwapadera kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere zopezeka pa intaneti kumathandizira kudwalitsa, kuzipangitsa kukhala zovuta kwambiri kuthawa. "

14) Ma Substrates a Neural a Chilakolako Chogonana mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khalidwe Lovuta la Hypersexual ( Seok & Sohn , 2015) – [kubwerezabwereza kwa cue/kuzindikira komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa ma prefrontal circuits] – Kafukufuku wa fMRI waku Korea akubwereza maphunziro ena a ubongo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Monga kafukufuku wa Cambridge University, adapeza machitidwe a ubongo omwe amayambitsidwa ndi cue mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana, omwe amafanana ndi machitidwe a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana. Mogwirizana ndi maphunziro angapo aku Germany, adapeza kusintha kwa prefrontal cortex komwe kumafanana ndi kusintha komwe kumawonedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana. Chatsopano ndichakuti zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi machitidwe a prefrontal cortex omwe amawonedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana: Kubwerezabwereza kwakukulu kwa cue ku zithunzi zogonana koma kumaletsa mayankho kuzinthu zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodziwika. Chidule:

Kuphunzira kwathu kunkafuna kufufuza zofuna za kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi zithunzithunzi zokhudzana ndi maginito (fMRI). Anthu makumi awiri ndi atatu omwe ali ndi PHB ndi 22 ali ndi zaka zowonongeka zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anitsitsa anayesedwa panthawi yomwe adawona zolaula zogonana ndi zachiwerewere. Zofuna za kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinayesedwa potsatira njira iliyonse yogonana. Potsutsana ndi maulamuliro, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adzipeza nthawi zambiri ndikukwaniritsa chilakolako chogonana pakakhala zovuta zogonana. Kuwongolera kwakukulu kunkapezeka mu phokoso lochepetsetsa, loperetta loperetta, loponyedwa pansi pamtunda, thalamus, ndi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex mu gulu la PHB kusiyana ndi gulu lolamulira. Kuphatikizanso apo, njira zowonjezera zachilengedwe m'madera ochitidwawo zimasiyana pakati pa magulu. Mogwirizana ndi zofukufuku za ubongo zoganizira zochitika za khalidwe ndi chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe, anthu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe a PHB ndi chikhumbo cholimbikitsidwa chiwonetsedwanso chosinthidwa kumadera okonda mapepala ndi amtendere

15) Kusintha kwa Zomwe Zili ndi Mphamvu Zabwino Posachedwa Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zogonana mu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mavuto ndi Zowongolera Zosagwirizana ndi "Zolaula Zolaula" ( Prause et al. , 2015) - [chizolowezi] - Kafukufuku wachiwiri wa EEG wochokera ku gulu la Nicole Prause . Kafukufukuyu anayerekeza anthu a 2013 ochokera kwa Steele et al ., 2013 ndi gulu lenileni lolamulira (koma linali ndi zolakwika zomwezo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa). Zotsatira zake: Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto owongolera kuonera kwawo zolaula" anali ndi mayankho ochepa muubongo akamaonera zithunzi za vanilla porn kwa sekondi imodzi. Wolemba wamkulu akuti zotsatirazi " zikutsutsa chizolowezi cha zolaula ." Ndi wasayansi wovomerezeka uti amene anganene kuti kafukufuku wawo wokhawo wosadziwika bwino wathetsa gawo lodziwika bwino la kafukufuku?

Zoonadi, zomwe zapezeka mu Prause et al. 2015 zikugwirizana bwino ndi Kühn & Gallina t (2014) , zomwe zapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ubongo poyankha zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla. Zomwe zapezeka mu Prause et al . zikugwirizananso ndi Banca et al. 2015 yomwe ili #13 pamndandandawu. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina wa EEG adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri mwa akazi kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ubongo ku zolaula. Kuwerenga kochepa kwa EEG kumatanthauza kuti anthu sakuyang'ana kwambiri zithunzizo. Mwachidule, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri analibe chidwi ndi zithunzi zosasinthika za zolaula za vanilla. Anali otopa (ozoloŵera kapena osowa chidwi). Onani ndemanga yayikulu ya YBOP iyi . Mapepala khumi omwe adawunikidwa ndi anzawo amavomereza kuti kafukufukuyu adapezadi kuti kufooka / chizolowezi mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri (zogwirizana ndi chizolowezi): Ndemanga zowunikidwa ndi anzawo za Prause et al ., 2015

Pemphero linalengeza kuti malemba ake a EEG anayesedwa "cue-reactivity" (kulimbikitsa), m'malo mozoloŵera. Ngakhale kuti Prause anali wolondola iye amanyalanyaza mosamalitsa phokoso lachinyengo mu "malingaliro" ake: Ngakhale Prause et al. 2015 adapeza zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zolaula, 24 maphunziro ena a ubongo wanena kuti: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Sayansi siikuyenda ndi kuphunzira kopanda nzeru kusokonezedwa ndi zolakwika zazikulu za njira; sayansi imapita limodzi ndi umboni waumboni (pokhapokha ngati inu zimayendetsedwa).

16) Kusokonezeka kwa HPA Axis mwa Amuna Omwe Ali ndi Matenda a Hypersexual ( Chatzittofis , 2015) – [kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa kupsinjika maganizo] – Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna 67 omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zogonana komanso anthu 39 omwe ali ndi zaka zofanana. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis ndiye gawo lalikulu pa yankho lathu la kupsinjika maganizo. Zizolowezi zimasintha ma circuits a kupsinjika maganizo muubongo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti axis ya HPA isagwire bwino ntchito. Kafukufukuyu wokhudza anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zogonana (hypersexuals) adapeza mayankho osinthika a kupsinjika omwe amafanana ndi zomwe zapezeka ndi zizolowezi zoledzera. Zidutswa kuchokera ku nkhani yofalitsidwa:

Phunziroli linaphatikizapo amuna a 67 ndi matenda a hypersexual ndi 39 omwe ali ndi mphamvu zogwirizana. Ophunzirawo anapeza kuti ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso ena omwe ali ndi vuto lopweteka kapena kusokonezeka kwa ana. Ofufuzawa anawapatsa mlingo wochepa wa dexamethasone usiku madzulo asanayambe kuyesedwa kuti ateteze kuvutika maganizo kwawo, ndipo m'mawa amayesa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opweteka a cortisol ndi ACTH. Iwo adapeza kuti odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual anali ndi mahomoni apamwamba kuposa machitidwe abwino, kusiyana komwe kunatsalira ngakhale atayesedwa kuti asokonezeke maganizo ndi kusokonezeka kwa ana.

Pulofesa Jokinen anati: "Aberrant akupanikiza malamulo kale anali ataonedwa ndi ovutika maganizo ndi odzipha okha komanso ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo." "M'zaka zaposachedwapa, cholinga chakhalapo kuti ngati kusokonezeka kwa ana kungapangitse kusokonezeka kwa machitidwe opanikizika a thupi kudzera mwa njira zotchedwa epigenetic njira, mwa kuyankhula kwina momwe malo awo amaganizo angakhudzire majini omwe amayendetsa machitidwewa." Malingana ndi ochita kafukufuku, zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti njira yomweyi yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi njira ina yothetsera nkhanza ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a hypersexual.

17) Kulamulira kwa Prefrontal ndi kuledzera kwa intaneti: chitsanzo cha chiphunzitso ndi kuwunikanso zomwe zapezeka mu neuropsychological ndi neuroimaging ( Brand et al ., 2015) - [ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino / ntchito yosauka ya woyang'anira ndi kudziwitsa] - Chidule:

Zogwirizana ndi izi, zotsatira za magwiridwe antchito a neuroimaging ndi kafukufuku wina wamaubongo akuwonetsa kuti kuzindikira-kukonzanso, kulakalaka, ndikupanga zisankho ndi malingaliro ofunikira kuti mumvetsetse zosokoneza bongo za pa intaneti. Zotsatira zakuchepetsa kwa oyang'anira zimayenderana ndi zizolowezi zina, monga kutchova njuga kwamatenda. Amanenanso za kutsindika kwa chodabwitsachi ngati chizolowezi, chifukwa palinso zofananira zingapo ndi zomwe zidapezeka pakudalira mankhwala. Komanso, zotsatira za kafukufuku wapano zikufanana ndi zomwe zapezedwa pakufufuza kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikugogomezera kufanana pakati pa chizolowezi chogonana pa cybersex ndi zizolowezi zakumwa kapena zizolowezi zina zamakhalidwe.

18) Kuyanjana kobisika mu chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti: Kusintha kwa Mayeso Ogwirizana Obisika ndi zithunzi zolaula ( Snagkowski et al ., 2015) - [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwakukulu] - Chidule:

Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kufanana pakati pa chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti komanso zosokoneza bongo ndikukangana kuti azigwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngati chizolowezi. Kudalira kwambiri zinthu, mabungwe omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi gawo lofunikira, ndipo mayanjano abwinowa sanaphunzirepo pazovuta zapa cybersex, mpaka pano. Pakafukufukuyu, amuna 128 amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe adatenga nawo gawo adamaliza Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) yosinthidwa ndi zithunzi zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta pamavuto azakugonana, chidwi chazakugonana, zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti, komanso kulakalaka kugonja chifukwa chakuwona zithunzi zolaula adayesedwa.

Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa mgwirizano wazithunzi zolaula zomwe zili ndi malingaliro abwino ndi zizoloŵezi zake zokhudzana ndi zolaula zamtaneti, zovuta pa kugonana, chidwi chogonana komanso chilakolako chogonana. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunikira kosinthidwa kwakanenedwa kuti anthu omwe ananenetsa zolakalaka zapamwamba ndikuwonetsa kuyanjana ndi zithunzi zolaula zokhala ndi malingaliro abwino, makamaka amakonda kuchita zachiwerewere. Zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa gawo lomwe lingachitike pakuyanjana kopanda zithunzi zolaula pakukonza ndi kusamalira chizolowezi chogonana. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za kafukufuku wapano ndizofanana ndi zomwe zapezeka kuchokera kuzofufuza zamaudzu amomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndikugogomezera kuyanjana pakati pazokonda zamtaneti ndi kudalira kwa zinthu kapena zikhalidwe zina.

19) Zizindikiro za chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti zitha kulumikizidwa ndi kuyandikira komanso kupewa zolaula: zotsatira kuchokera ku chitsanzo cha analog cha ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse pa intaneti ( Snagkowski, et al. , 2015) – [chilakolako chachikulu/kukhudzidwa] – Chidule:

Njira zina zimasonyeza kufanana kwa kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo komwe njira/kupewa ndi njira zofunika kwambiri. Ofufuza angapo anena kuti mkati mwa chisankho chokhudzana ndi chizolowezi, anthu amatha kusonyeza zizolowezi zoyandikira kapena kupewa zolimbikitsa zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi. Mu kafukufuku wapano, amuna 123 ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adamaliza Approach-Avoidance-Task (AAT; Rinck ndi Becker, 2007 ) yosinthidwa ndi zithunzi zolaula. Pa nthawi ya AAT ophunzirawo adayenera kukankhira zolimbikitsa zolaula kapena kuzikoka kwa iwo okha ndi joystick. Kukhudzidwa ndi chilakolako cha kugonana, khalidwe logonana lovuta, komanso zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti zidayesedwa ndi mafunso.

Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizoloŵezi zakugonana ndi kugonana kwa azimayi amakonda kugwiritsira ntchito kapena kupeŵa zolaula zolaula. Kuwonjezera apo, kufufuza koyendetsa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kunawonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana ndi khalidwe loipa la kugonana omwe amasonyeza njira zabwino zopezera / kupeŵa, adawonetsa zizindikiro zapamwamba zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa pa Intaneti. Malingaliro okhudzana ndi zokhudzana ndi mankhwala, zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti zizoloŵezi zomwe zimayendera komanso kupeŵa zingayambitse kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe ozunguza bongo. Kuphatikizanso, kugwirizana ndi kukhudzidwa ndi zosangalatsa za kugonana ndi khalidwe loyambitsa chiwerewere kungakhale ndi kuwonjezereka kwa madandaulo omwe ali nawo tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti. Zomwe anapezazi zikupereka umboni wowonjezereka wofanana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe opatsirana pogonana ndi zokhudzana ndi mankhwala. Kufanana kotereku kungabwererenso kumtundu wina wa maukondwerero omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti.

20) Kukakamira kuonera zolaula? Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kunyalanyaza zizindikiro za kugonana pa intaneti muzochitika zambirimbiri kumakhudzana ndi zizindikiro za chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti ( Schiebener et al. , 2015) – [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi ulamuliro wofooka wa akuluakulu] – Chidule:

Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti, monga zolaula, mwauchidakwa, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto aakulu pamoyo wawo kapena ntchito. Njira imodzi yomwe ingatsogolere ku zotsatira zoipa zingakhale zochepetsedwa kuyang'anira ulamuliro pa kuzindikira ndi khalidwe zomwe zingakhale zofunikira kuti zitheke kusintha pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito cybersex ndi ntchito zina ndi maudindo a moyo. Kuti tithetse vutoli, tafufuza otsogolera amuna omwe ali ndi 104 ndi maulamuliro akuluakulu omwe akutsogolera maofesi awiri. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali ndi zithunzi za anthu, ndipo ena anali ndi zithunzi zolaula. Zonsezi ziyika zithunzizo kuti zikhale zosiyana malinga ndi zofunikira zina. Cholinga chodziwikiratu chinali kugwira ntchito pazogawa zonse ndi ndalama zofanana, mwa kusintha pakati pa ntchitoyi ndi ntchito yoyenera.

Tinawona kuti ntchito zochepa zochepa pazithunzi zambirizi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizoloŵezi chokwanira kugwiritsira ntchito chiwerewere. Anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chimenechi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kunyalanyaza kugwira ntchito pa zithunzi zolaula. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kuchepetsa ulamuliro wotsogolera pa ntchito zambiri, pamene akukumana ndi zolaula, kungayambitse makhalidwe osayenera komanso zotsatira zoipa zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kugonana ndi azinthu zakugonana. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi zizoloŵezi zogonana ndi ogonana amaoneka ngati ali ndi chizoloŵezi chopewa kapena kufotokozera zolaula, monga momwe zanenedwa muzolimbikitsa zowonongeka.

21) Kugulitsa Mphoto Pambuyo Pake Kuti Musangalale Pakalipano: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Ndi Kuchepetsa Kuchotsera ( Negash et al. , 2015) – [poor executive control: causation experiment] – Excerpts:

Phunziro 1: Ophunzira adamaliza zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito mafunso komanso ntchito yochedwetsa ku Time 1 kenako milungu inayi pambuyo pake. Ophunzira omwe akuwonetsa zolaula zolaula zoyambirira adawonetsa kuchotsera kotsika kwambiri pa Time 2, kuwongolera kuchotsera koyambirira. Phunziro 2: Ophunzira omwe adapewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula adawonetsa kuchotsera pang'ono kuposa omwe adadya chakudya chomwe amakonda.

Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndi mphoto ya kugonana yomwe imapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kusiyana ndi zinthu zina zakuthupi kumachita, ngakhale pamene kugwiritsa ntchito sikumangokakamizika. Kufufuza uku kumapereka chithandizo chofunikira, kusonyeza kuti zotsatira zimapita mopitirira kanthawi kochepa.

Kuonera zithunzi zolaula kungapangitse kugonana mwamsanga koma kungakhale ndi zotsatira zomwe zimakhudza ndi kumakhudza madera ena a moyo wa munthu, makamaka maubwenzi.

Zomwe akupezazi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula pa Intaneti ndi mphotho ya chiwerewere yomwe imapangitsa kuchedwa kuchotsa mosiyana kusiyana ndi mphoto zina zakuthupi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tione zolaula ngati zochititsa chidwi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tipindule, tipitirize kuphunziranso, komanso kuti tizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

22) Kukonda Kugonana ndi Kulimbana ndi Mavuto Osagwira Ntchito Kumadziwitsa Kukonda Kugonana pa Intaneti mwa Amuna Ogonana Ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha ( Laier et al. , 2015) – [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwambiri] – Chidule:

Zomwe zapezedwa posachedwa zawonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa kuwuma kwa cyberSex Addiction (CA) ndi chizindikiro cha kusangalala kwakugonana, ndikuti kuthana ndi zochitika zogonana kwasokoneza ubale pakati pazosangalatsa zakugonana ndi zizindikiro za CA. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuyesa kuyimira uku ngati anyamata amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mafunso amafufuza zizindikiro za CA, kuzindikira kukhudzidwa ndi kugonana, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, zoyambitsa kugonana, zovuta za malingaliro, ndi machitidwe ogonana m'moyo weniweni komanso pa intaneti. Komanso, onse adawonera makanema olaula ndikuwonetsa zodzionetsera kuti azigonana zisanafike komanso pambuyo pa kanema.

Zotsatira zinawonetsa kulumikizana mwamphamvu pakati pa zisonyezo za CA ndi zisonyezo za kusangalatsa kwakugonana ndi chisangalalo chogonana, kuthana ndi machitidwe azakugonana, ndi zizindikiro zamaganizidwe. CA sichinalumikizidwe ndi machitidwe azogonana osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kuthana ndi machitidwe azakugonana mosiyana gawo pakati pa chisangalalo chogonana ndi CA. Zotsatira zake zikufanana ndi zomwe amuna ndi akazi omwe amachita m'mabanja am'mbuyomu ndipo zimakambidwa motsutsana ndi zomwe ena amaganiza pa CA, zomwe zimawunikira gawo lolimbikitsa ndi losalimbikitsa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito cybersex.

23) Udindo wa Kutupa kwa Mitsempha mu Matenda a Matenda a Hypersexual ( Jokinen et al ., 2016) – [kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa kupsinjika maganizo ndi kutupa kwa mitsempha] – Kafukufukuyu adanenanso za kuchuluka kwa Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) m'magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino. Kuchuluka kwa TNF (chizindikiro cha kutupa) kwapezekanso mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso nyama zomwe zimamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mowa, heroin, meth). Panali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kuchuluka kwa TNF ndi miyeso yoyesera kugonana kwambiri.

24) Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza: Kuchuluka kwa Prefrontal ndi Limbic ndi Kuyanjana (Schmidt et al. , 2016) – [ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino komanso kukhudzidwa] – Iyi ndi kafukufuku wa fMRI. Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera zathanzi, anthu omwe ali ndi CSB (ozolowera zolaula) adakweza kuchuluka kwa amygdala kumanzere ndikuchepetsa kulumikizana pakati pa amygdala ndi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC. Kuchepa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa amygdala ndi prefrontal cortex kumagwirizana ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Akuganiza kuti kulumikizana koyipa kumachepetsa ulamuliro wa prefrontal cortex pa chikhumbo cha wogwiritsa ntchito chochita zosokoneza bongo. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti poizoni wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo angayambitse kuchepa kwa imvi ndipo motero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa amygdala mwa omwe amazolowera mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amygdala imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse akamaonera zolaula, makamaka akamakumana ndi chilakolako chogonana. Mwina zachilendo zogonana nthawi zonse komanso kufunafuna ndi kufunafuna kumabweretsa zotsatira zapadera pa amygdala mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zokakamiza. Kapenanso, zaka zambiri za chizolowezi cha zolaula ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri - ndipo kupsinjika maganizo kwa anthu ambiri kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa amygdala . Kafukufuku #16 pamwambapa adapeza kuti "ozolowera kugonana" ali ndi dongosolo lopanikizika kwambiri . Kodi kupsinjika maganizo kosatha kokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula, pamodzi ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kugonana kukhala kwapadera, kungachititse kuti munthu akhale ndi amygdala yambiri? Chidule:

Zomwe tapeza pano zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu m'dera lomwe likukhudzidwa ndi mphamvu zolimbikitsa komanso kulumikizana pang'ono kwa maukonde olamulira oyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Kusokonekera kwa maukonde otere kungafotokoze machitidwe olakwika okhudzana ndi mphotho yofunikira pa chilengedwe kapena kuyanjananso bwino ndi zizindikiro zolimbikitsa. Ngakhale kuti zomwe tapeza zikusiyana ndi zomwe zili mu SUD, zomwe zapezekazi zitha kuwonetsa kusiyana chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa za mitsempha chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi yayitali. Umboni womwe ukubwera ukuwonetsa kuti pali kuyanjana komwe kungachitike ndi njira yoledzera makamaka kuthandizira malingaliro olimbikitsa. Tawonetsa kuti zochita mu netiweki iyi zimakulitsidwa pambuyo pokumana ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino kapena zomwe amakonda [Brand et al., 2016 ; Seok ndi Sohn, 2015 ; Voon et al., 2014 ] pamodzi ndi kukondera kwambiri [Mechelmans et al., 2014 ] ndi chikhumbo chokhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana koma osati chilakolako chogonana chofala [Brand et al., 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ].

Kukulitsa chidwi pa zizindikiro zogonana kumagwirizanitsidwanso ndi kukonda zizindikiro zogonana motero kutsimikizira ubale pakati pa kukhazikika kwa zizindikiro zogonana ndi tsankho la chidwi [Banca et al., 2016 ]. Zomwe zapezekazi za ntchito yowonjezera yokhudzana ndi zizindikiro zogonana zimasiyana ndi zomwe zapezeka (kapena chilimbikitso chosakhazikika) momwe chizolowezi chowonjezereka, mwina chogwirizana ndi lingaliro la kulolerana, chimawonjezera kukonda zolimbikitsa zatsopano zogonana [Banca et al., 2016 ]. Zonsezi pamodzi zimathandiza kufotokoza za ubongo wa CSB womwe ukutsogolera kumvetsetsa bwino vutoli ndikuzindikira zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke zochiritsira.

25) Zochita za Ventral Striatum Mukaonera Zithunzi Zolaula Zokondedwa Zikugwirizana ndi Zizindikiro za Kusuta Zolaula pa Intaneti ( Brand et al ., 2016) – [kusinthika/kuzindikira kwakukulu] – Kafukufuku wa ku Germany wa fMRI. Kupeza #1: Ntchito ya malo opezera mphoto (ventral striatum) inali yapamwamba pa zithunzi zolaula zomwe amakonda. Kupeza #2: Kuchita bwino kwa Ventral striatum komwe kumagwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti. Zomwe zapezeka zonsezi zikusonyeza kukhudzidwa ndikugwirizana ndi chitsanzo cha chizolowezi . Olembawo akunena kuti "Maziko a Neural a chizolowezi cholaula pa intaneti ndi ofanana ndi chizolowezi china." Chidule:

Mtundu wina wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti anthu azionera zolaula komanso amaonerera zolaula pa Intaneti. Kafukufuku wa Neuroimaging anapeza zochitika zowonongeka pamene anthu adayang'ana zolaula zakugonana poyerekeza ndi zochitika zogonana zogonana. Ife tsopano tikuganiza kuti ventral striatum iyenera kuyankha pa zolaula zosakondedwa poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe sizikukondedwa ndi kuti zochitika za ventral striatum mu kusiyana kumeneku ziyenera kugwirizana ndi zizindikiro zowononga zolaula za pa Intaneti. Tinaphunzira ophunzira a 19 amuna amodzi ndi amuna omwe ali ndi chithunzi paradigm kuphatikizapo zithunzi zolaula zomwe sizinafune.

Zithunzi zochokera m'gulu losankhika zinayesedwa ngati zowonjezera, zosasangalatsa, komanso zoyenera. Yankho la Ventral striatum linali lolimba kwa chikhalidwe chochepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zosakondedwa. Ntchito yotchedwa Ventral striatum mu kusiyana kumeneku inagwirizanitsidwa ndi zidziwitso zodzionetsera zolaula za pa Intaneti. Chidziwitso chodzidzimutsa chidziwitso chidali chokhacho chodziwika bwino pakuyesa kutsutsana ndi kuyanjana kwachidziwitso monga zokhudzana ndi zizoloŵezi zowononga zolaula, zachidwi zokhudzana ndi kugonana, khalidwe lachiwerewere, kupsinjika maganizo, kukhudzidwa kwachinsinsi, ndi khalidwe la chiwerewere m'masiku otsiriza monga otsogolera . Zotsatira zimathandizira udindo wa ventral striatum pokonzekera mphotho kuyembekezera ndi kukondweretsa komwe kumagwirizana ndi zofuna zolaula zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Njira zothandizira mphotho zowonongeka zowonjezereka zingathandize kuti pakhale mafotokozedwe a neural omwe amachititsa kuti anthu ena azikonda komanso kugonana ali pachiopsezo choti asayambe kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti.

26) Kusintha kwa Chilakolako cha Kugonana ndi Kulumikizana kwa Mitsempha mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza ( Klucken et al. , 2016) – [kuyanjana kwakukulu kwa cue/sensitization ndi ma circuits osagwira ntchito] – Kafukufuku wa fMRI waku Germany uyu adabwereza zomwe adapeza ziwiri zazikulu kuchokera ku Voon et al., 2014 ndi Kuhn & Gallinat 2014. Zomwe Zapezeka: Ma neural correlates a chilakolako cha kukhumba kugonana ndi kulumikizana kwa mitsempha adasinthidwa mu gulu la CSB. Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, kusintha koyamba - kukulitsa kuyambitsidwa kwa amygdala - kungawonetse kukhazikika kothandiza ("kulumikizana" kwakukulu ku zizindikiro zomwe kale zinali zosalowererapo zomwe zimaneneratu zithunzi zolaula). Kusintha kwachiwiri - kuchepa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa ventral striatum ndi prefrontal cortex - kungakhale chizindikiro cha kulephera kulamulira zikhumbo.

Ofufuzawo anati, “[Kusinthaku] kukugwirizana ndi maphunziro ena ofufuza za ma neural correlates a matenda osokoneza bongo ndi kulephera kwa kulamulira malingaliro.” Zomwe zapezeka pa kuyambitsa kwa amygdalar kwambiri ku zizindikiro ( sensitization ) ndi kuchepa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa malo opatsa mphotho ndi prefrontal cortex ( hypofrontality ) ndi ziwiri mwa kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumawonedwa mu chizolowezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuphatikiza apo, atatu mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula 20 omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo adadwala "matenda a orgasmic-erection." Chidule:

Mwachidziwitso, ntchitoyi inachulukitsa ntchito ya amygdala ndipo kugwirizanitsa kwa PFC kumaphatikizapo mfundo zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi matenda a CSB. Anthu omwe ali ndi CSB amawoneka kuti amatha kukhala ndi mayanjano pakati pa machitidwe osalowerera ndale komanso zolimbikitsa zachilengedwe. Choncho, nkhanizi zikukumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe loyandikira. Kaya izi zikutsogolera CSB kapena zotsatira za CSB ziyenera kuyankhidwa ndi kufufuza kobwerako. Kuonjezerapo, njira zowonongeka za malamulo, zomwe zimasonyezedwa ndi kugwirizanitsa kwazomwe zimakhala zovuta, zimathandizira kukonzanso khalidwe lovuta.

27) Kukakamizika Kugwiritsa Ntchito Molakwika Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Mphotho Zosakhala za Mankhwala ( Banca et al. , 2016) – [kuyankha/kuzindikira kwakukulu, mayankho olimbikitsidwa] – Kafukufuku wa fMRI wa ku Cambridge University akuyerekeza mbali za kukakamizika mwa anthu oledzera mowa, odya kwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito masewera apakanema ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (CSB). Zidule:

Mosiyana ndi matenda ena, CSB poyerekeza ndi HV inasonyeza kupeza mwachangu zotsatira za mphotho pamodzi ndi kupirira kwakukulu mu mkhalidwe wa mphotho mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira. Anthu a CSB sanasonyeze zovuta zinazake pakusintha kwa seti kapena kuphunzira kosinthika. Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe tapeza kale za kukonda kwambiri zolimbikitsa zokhudzana ndi zotsatira za kugonana kapena zachuma, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zimawonjezera chidwi ku mphotho ( Banca et al., 2016 ). Maphunziro ena pogwiritsa ntchito mphotho zazikulu akuwonetsedwa.

28) Kulakalaka Zolaula ndi Kuphunzira Mogwirizana Kumaneneratu Zizolowezi Zofuna Kukonda Kugonana Pa Intaneti mwa Chitsanzo cha Ogwiritsa Ntchito Kugonana Pa Intaneti Nthawi Zonse ( Snagkowski et al. , 2016) – [kuyankha/kuzindikira kwambiri, mayankho olimbikitsidwa] – Kafukufuku wapaderayu adalimbikitsa anthu kuti aziona zithunzi zolaula, zomwe zidaneneratu kuti chithunzicho chizioneka ngati chonyansa.

Palibe mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito matendawa. Ena amayandikira kufanana ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphunzira ndizofunika kwambiri. Mu phunziro ili, amuna a 86 amodzi amamaliza kugonana ndi Standard Pavlovian kupita ku Chida Choyendetsa Chosakanizidwa ndi zithunzi zolaula kuti afufuze maphunziro oyanjana pa chiwerewere. Kuonjezerapo, chilakolako chofuna kugonana chifukwa choonerera zithunzi zolaula ndi zizoloŵezi zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi machitidwe a zogonana ndi azimayi. Zotsatira zinasonyeza zotsatira za chilakolako chofuna kukhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugwiritsira ntchito chiwerewere, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuphunzira.

Zambiri, izi zikuwunikira gawo lofunikira pakuphunzitsidwa kophatikizana ndi chizolowezi cha cybersex, pomwe zikuwunikira umboni winanso wamphamvu wofanana pakati pa kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi vuto la cybersex. Mwachidule, zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti kuphunzira kophatikizana kumatha kutenga gawo lofunikira pokhudzana ndi kukulitsa chizolowezi cha cybersex. Zomwe tapeza zimapereka umboni wina wofanana pakati pa kusuta kwa bongo la cybersex ndi kudalira zinthu chifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chofuna kuphunzira komanso kuyanjana ndi maphunziro.

29) Kusintha kwa maganizo pambuyo poonera zolaula pa intaneti kumalumikizidwa ndi zizindikiro za vuto la kuonera zolaula pa intaneti ( Laier & Brand, 2016) – [kulakalaka/kusangalala kwambiri, kusakonda kwambiri] – Zidule:

Zotsatira zazikulu za kafukufukuyu ndikuti zizolowezi zowonera zolaula pa intaneti (IPD) zimalumikizidwa ndikumverera bwino, kudzuka, kukhazikika komanso kulimba mtima ndikudziwona kupsinjika pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti potengera kufunafuna chisangalalo komanso kupewa kukhudzidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zizolowezi za IPD zinali zokhudzana kwambiri ndi malingaliro asanafike komanso pambuyo poonera zolaula pa intaneti komanso kuwonjezeka kwenikweni kwakhazikika komanso bata.

Ubale pakati pa zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti unachepetsedwa ndi kuwunika kwa kukhutira kwa kugonana komwe kumachitika nthawi ya orgasm. Kawirikawiri, zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti kugonana ndi chinthu chogwirizana ndi chilimbikitso chofuna kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso kupewa kapena kuthana ndi malingaliro olakwika komanso lingaliro lakuti kusintha kwa malingaliro pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi IPD ( Cooper et al., 1999 ndi Laier and Brand, 2014 ).

30) Khalidwe lovuta la kugonana mwa achinyamata: Mabungwe osiyanasiyana m'machitidwe azachipatala, machitidwe, komanso ubongo (2016) - [ntchito yosauka ya woyang'anira] - Anthu omwe ali ndi Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Kugonana (PSB) adawonetsa zolakwika zingapo za ubongo. Zomwe zapezekazi zikuwonetsa kuti ntchito yoyang'anira siyikuyenda bwino (kusakhulupirika) komwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri muubongo chomwe chimapezeka mwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo . Zidule zingapo:

Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri chomwe mwapeza ndikuti PSB ikuwonetsa mayanjano akuluakulu omwe ali ndi zinthu zosafunikira, kuphatikizapo kudzichepetsa, kuchepa kwa moyo, kukwera kwa BMI, ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha mavuto ambiri ...

... N'zotheka kuti zigawo zachipatala zotchulidwa mu gulu la PSB kwenikweni zimakhala zotsatira za masukulu akuluakulu omwe amapangitsa onse awiriwa kukhala ndi ziwalo zina zachipatala. Chinthu chimodzi chimene chingathandize kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yochepa kwambiri yomwe ikupezeka mu gulu la PSB, makamaka zomwe zikukhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito, kukumbukira / kuwongolera, komanso kupanga chisankho. Kuchokera ku chiwonetsero ichi, ndizotheka kufufuza mavuto omwe amawoneka mu PSB ndi zina zowonjezereka, monga kusokonezeka maganizo, kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi ...

Ngati mavuto amalingaliro omwe atchulidwa mu ndondomekoyi ndizofunikira kwambiri za PSB, izi zikhoza kukhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri zachipatala.

31) Methylation ya majini okhudzana ndi HPA Axis mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la Hypersexual ( Jokinen et al ., 2017) – [kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa kupsinjika maganizo, kusintha kwa epigenetic] – Iyi ndi njira yotsatira ya #16 pamwambapa yomwe idapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana ali ndi machitidwe opsinjika maganizo osagwira ntchito – kusintha kwakukulu kwa neuro-endocrine komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chizolowezi. Kafukufuku wapano adapeza kusintha kwa epigenetic pamajini komwe kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakuyankha kwa kupsinjika kwa anthu komanso kogwirizana kwambiri ndi chizolowezi. Ndi kusintha kwa epigenetic, mndandanda wa DNA susinthidwa (monga momwe zimachitikira ndi kusintha kwa majini). M'malo mwake, jiniyo imayikidwa chizindikiro ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakwezedwa mmwamba kapena pansi ( kanema wachidule wofotokoza epigenetics ). Kusintha kwa epigenetic komwe kwanenedwa mu kafukufukuyu kudapangitsa kuti ntchito ya majini a CRF isinthe. CRF ndi neurotransmitter ndi mahomoni omwe amachititsa machitidwe osokoneza bongo monga zilakolako, ndipo ndi wosewera wamkulu mu zizindikiro zambiri zosiya kugonana zomwe zimapezeka zokhudzana ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zamakhalidwe , kuphatikiza chizolowezi cha zolaula.

32) Kufufuza Ubale Pakati pa Kukakamiza Kugonana ndi Kusankhana Maganizo ndi Mawu Okhudzana ndi Kugonana mu Gulu la Anthu Ogonana ( Albery et al. , 2017) – [kuyankha/kuzindikira kwambiri, kuletsa kukhudzidwa] – Kafukufukuyu akubwereza zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku wa 2014 Cambridge University , womwe unayerekeza kusankhana maganizo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula ndi anthu odziletsa. Nayi zomwe zatsopano: Kafukufukuyu adagwirizanitsa "zaka zogonana" ndi 1) zigoli za chizolowezi chogonana komanso 2) zotsatira za ntchito yosankhana maganizo.

Pakati pa omwe adapeza chizolowezi chogonana kwambiri, zaka zochepa zomwe adakumana nazo pa kugonana zinali zokhudzana ndi tsankho lalikulu la chidwi ( kufotokozera tsankho la chidwi ). Chifukwa chake kukakamizidwa kwambiri pakugonana + zaka zochepa zomwe adakumana nazo pa kugonana = zizindikiro zazikulu za chizolowezi (tsankho lalikulu la chidwi, kapena kusokoneza). Koma tsankho la chidwi limachepa kwambiri mwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amakakamizidwa, ndipo limatha pazaka zambiri zomwe adakumana nazo pa kugonana. Olembawo adatsimikiza kuti zotsatirazi zitha kusonyeza kuti zaka zambiri "zochita zogonana mokakamiza" zimapangitsa kuti munthu azizolowera kwambiri kapena azimva chisoni kwambiri (kuchepetsa chidwi). Chidule cha mfundo yomaliza:

Kulongosola komwe kungachitike pazotsatira izi ndikuti pamene munthu yemwe akukakamiza kugonana agwiritse ntchito njira yokakamiza kwambiri, template yokondweretsa yomwe ikugwirizana imayamba [36-38] ndikuti pakapita nthawi, machitidwe owonjezereka amafunikira kuti gawo lomwelo likwaniritsidwe. Amanenanso kuti munthu akamachita zinthu mokakamiza kwambiri, ma neuropathways amakakamizidwa kukhala ndizolimbikitsa kapena zithunzi zokhazika mtima ndipo anthu amatembenukira ku zoyeserera kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna. Izi zikugwirizana ndi ntchito yowonetsa kuti amuna 'abwinobwino' amakhala ndi zokondweretsa pakapita nthawi ndipo izi zimadziwika ndi mayankho achilendo komanso kusangalatsa [39].

Izi zikusonyeza kuti omwe akukakamiza kwambiri, omwe akuchita zachiwerewere amakhala 'olobodoka' kapena alibe chidwi ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za kugonana mwakuthupi ndipo chifukwa cha izi adatsitsa chidwi, pomwe iwo omwe ali ndi kukakamira kwambiri komanso omwe sazindikira zambiri chifukwa zoyambitsidwa zimawonetsa chidwi chodziwikiratu.

33) Kugwira Ntchito kwa Akuluakulu a Amuna Okonda Kugonana ndi Osakonda Kugonana Asanayambe ndi Ataonera Kanema Wogonana ( Messina et al ., 2017) – [kugwira ntchito molakwika kwa akuluakulu, zilakolako/kuzindikira kwambiri] – Kuonera zolaula kunakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa akuluakulu mwa amuna omwe ali ndi "makhalidwe okakamiza kugonana," koma osati olamulira abwino. Kugwira ntchito molakwika kwa akuluakulu akamakumana ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda osokoneza bongo (kusonyeza kusintha kwa ma prefrontal circuits ndi kudziwitsa ). Zidule:

Zomwe akupezazi zikuwonetseratu kusinthika kwa chidziwitso pambuyo pa kukondana ndi kugonana poyerekeza ndi anthu ogonana nawo. Deta iyi imachirikiza lingaliro lakuti amuna opondereza anzawo sagwiritse ntchito mwayi wophunzira kuchokera ku zochitika, zomwe zingachititse kusintha kusintha kwa khalidwe. Izi zikhoza kumvekanso monga kusowa kwa chidziwitso ndi gulu lochita zachiwerewere pamene adakakamizidwa kugonana, mofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya chiwerewere, zomwe zimayambira ndi kuchuluka kwa kugonana, potsatira chiwonetsero cha kugonana malemba komanso kenako, nthawi zambiri zokhudzana ndi zovuta.

34) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zingakhale Zosokoneza? Kafukufuku wa fMRI wa Amuna Omwe Akufuna Chithandizo cha Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Movuta ( Gola et al ., 2017) - [kuyankha/kuzindikira kwakukulu kwa cue, mayankho olimbikitsidwa] - Kafukufuku wa fMRI wokhudza njira yapadera yochitira zinthu zolaula pomwe mawonekedwe omwe kale anali osalowererapo adaneneratu kuwoneka kwa zithunzi zolaula. Zidutswa:

Amuna omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula (PPU) komanso omwe alibe vuto anali osiyana muubongo wawo potengera zizindikiro zomwe zimaneneratu zithunzi zolaula, koma osati momwe amachitira zithunzi zolaula zokha, mogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha chilimbikitso cha zizolowezi . Kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo kumeneku kunaphatikizidwa ndi chilimbikitso chowonjezeka cha khalidwe kuti awone zithunzi zolaula ('kufuna' kwakukulu). Kugwira ntchito kwa ventral striatal kwa zizindikiro zomwe zimaneneratu zithunzi zolaula kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuopsa kwa PPU, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa sabata ndi kuchuluka kwa maliseche sabata iliyonse. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti monga mu matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kutchova juga, njira zamanjenje ndi machitidwe zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukonza zizindikiro zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri za PPU. Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti PPU ikhoza kuyimira chizolowezi cha khalidwe ndipo njira zothandizira kuthana ndi zizolowezi zamakhalidwe ndi zoledzeretsa ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zisinthe ndikugwiritsa ntchito pothandiza amuna omwe ali ndi PPU.

35) Miyeso Yozindikira ndi Yosazindikira ya Maganizo: Kodi Imasiyana ndi Kuchuluka kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula? ( Kunaharan et al. , 2017) – [chizolowezi kapena kuletsa kukhudzidwa] – Kafukufukuyu adayang'ana mayankho a ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kuwerenga kwa EEG & Kuyankha Kodabwitsa) ku zithunzi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhudzidwe ndi malingaliro - kuphatikizapo zolaula. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kusiyana kosiyanasiyana kwa mitsempha pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zochepa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri. Zidutswa:

Zakafukufuku zikusonyeza kuti ntchito yowonongeka yowonongeka ikuwoneka kukhala ndi mphamvu pa ubongo wosadziŵa mayankho ku zokopa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamasonyezedwe ndi kudziwonetsera koyera.

4.1. Ma Rating Omveka Bwino: Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, gulu logwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri linanena kuti zithunzi zolaula ndi zosasangalatsa kuposa gulu logwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Olembawo akuti izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha "zofewa" za zithunzi "zolaula" zomwe zili mu database ya IAPS zomwe sizipereka kuchuluka kwa chilimbikitso chomwe nthawi zambiri amachifuna, monga momwe Harper ndi Hodgins [ 58 ] adawonetsera kuti poonera zolaula pafupipafupi, anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri amafika powonera zinthu zoopsa kwambiri kuti akhalebe ndi chilakolako chofanana cha thupi.

Gulu la malingaliro "okoma" linawona ziwerengero za valence za magulu onse atatu kukhala zofanana kwambiri ndi gulu logwiritsa ntchito kwambiri lomwe linati zithunzizo ndi zosasangalatsa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi magulu ena. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zithunzi "zokoma" zomwe zaperekedwa zomwe sizikulimbikitsa mokwanira anthu omwe ali mgulu logwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Kafukufuku wasonyeza nthawi zonse kuchepa kwa thupi pokonza zinthu zomwe zimafuna kudya chifukwa cha chizolowezi mwa anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amafunafuna zolaula [ 3 , 7 , 8 ]. Ndi zomwe olembawo akunena kuti izi zitha kuchititsa zotsatira zomwe zawonedwa.

4.3. Kusinthasintha kwa Kusinthasintha kwa Kuthamanga (SRM): Kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwa amplitude komwe kumawoneka m'magulu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zochepa komanso zapakati kungafotokozedwe ndi omwe ali mgululi omwe amapewa mwadala kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, chifukwa angaone kuti sizosangalatsa kwenikweni. Kapenanso, zotsatira zomwe zapezeka zitha kukhala chifukwa cha chizolowezi, pomwe anthu m'magulu awa amaonera zolaula zambiri kuposa zomwe adazinena momveka bwino—mwina chifukwa cha manyazi pakati pa ena, chifukwa zotsatira za chizolowezi zawonetsedwa kuti zikuwonjezera kuyankha kwa kugwedezeka kwa maso [ 41 , 42 ].

36) Kukhudzidwa ndi Zolimbikitsa Zogonana Kumayambitsa Kuchepetsa Kwambiri Kumene Kumabweretsa Kuchuluka kwa Kutenga nawo Mbali mu Kusakhulupirika kwa Pa Intaneti Pakati pa Amuna ( Cheng & Chiou , 2017) – [ntchito yofooka ya woyang'anira, kulakalaka kwambiri - kuyesa koyambitsa] – Mu maphunziro awiri, kukhudzidwa ndi zokopa zogonana zomwe zimawonedwa kunapangitsa kuti: 1) kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kwa kuchotsera (kulephera kuchedwa kukhutira), 2) chilakolako chachikulu chochita zachinyengo za pa intaneti, 3) chilakolako chachikulu chogula zinthu zabodza ndikubera akaunti ya Facebook ya wina. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawonjezera kulakalaka ndipo kungachepetse ntchito zina za woyang'anira (kudziletsa, kuweruza, kuoneratu zotsatira zake, kuwongolera kulakalaka). Chidule:

Nthawi zambiri anthu amakumana ndi zolaula pa Intaneti. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kukakamiza kugonjetsa kugonana kungachititse kuti munthu asamangokhalira kuchita chidwi ndi amuna, monga momwe amachitira poyerekeza ndi nthawi yambiri (mwachitsanzo, chizoloŵezi chofuna kuchepa, kuchepa msanga kwa anthu akuluakulu, amtsogolo).

Pomalizira, zotsatira zamakono zimasonyeza kusonkhana pakati pa zolaula (mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsa zithunzi za akazi okongola kapena zovala zowononga zakugonana) ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa amuna pa zolakwika za cyber. Zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti kusayirira ndi kudziletsa kwa amuna, monga kuwonetseredwa ndi kuchotsera nthawi, kumakhala kolephera kuthetsa chilakolako chogonana. Amuna angapindule ndi kuwunika ngati zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimakhudzana ndi zosankha zawo ndi khalidwe lawo loipa. Zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti kukomana ndi kugonana kungayesetse amuna pamsewu wa kuphulika kwa cyber

Zotsatira zamakono zikusonyeza kuti kupezeka kwapamwamba kwa zolaula pa Intaneti kungakhale koyenderana kwambiri ndi khalidwe lachinyengo la amuna kuposa momwe timaganizira poyamba.

37) Zoneneratu za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti (Zovuta) Zinthu Zokhudza Kugonana: Udindo wa Khalidwe Lolimbikitsa Kugonana ndi Njira Yodziwikiratu Zizolowezi Zokhudza Zinthu Zokhudza Kugonana ( Stark et al. , 2017) – [kubwerezabwereza/kuzindikira/kulakalaka kwambiri] – Zidule:

Kafukufuku wamakono akufufuzira ngati zofuna zogonana ndi zofuna zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndizo zowonongeka za mavuto omwe SEM amagwiritsa ntchito komanso nthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana SEM. Poyesera, tinagwiritsa Ntchito Njira Yopewera (AAT) pofuna kuyesa njira zogonana zogonana. Kulumikizana bwino pakati pa njira yoyenera yowonekera ku SEM komanso nthawi yomwe yakhala ikuwonetsetsa SEM ikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi zotsatira zake: Njira yodalirika yowonjezereka ingathe kutanthauzidwa ngati chisamaliro choyang'ana kwa SEM. Nkhani yomwe ili ndi chidwi chenicheni ichi ikhoza kukopeka kwambiri ndi kugonana pa intaneti yomwe imakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo a SEM.

38) Kuzindikira Zolaula Zokhudzana ndi Kusuta Molakwika pogwiritsa ntchito Neurophysiological Computational Approach ( Kamaruddin et al., 2018) - Chidule:

Papepala lino, njira yogwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro cha ubongo kuchokera kumbali yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito EEG ikufunsidwa kuti muwone ngati wophunzirayo akhoza kukhala ndi zizolowezi zolaula kapena ayi. Zimakhala ngati njira yowonjezera ya mafunso ovomerezeka a maganizo. Zotsatira zowonetsera zimasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhala ndi mafilimu otsika a alpha m'madera ozungulira ubongo poyerekeza ndi osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zitha kuwonetsedwa pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA). Bungwe la theta likuwonetsanso kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa addicted and non-addicted. Komabe, kusiyana kuli kosaoneka ngati alpha band.

39) Kuchepa kwa zinthu za imvi ndi kusinthasintha kwa kulumikizana kwapakati pa gyrus ya temporal pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual ( Seok & Sohn , 2018) - [kuchepa kwa zinthu za imvi mu temporal cortex, kulumikizana koyipa pakati pa temporal cortex ndi precuneus & caudate] - Kafukufuku wa fMRI woyerekeza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana omwe adafufuzidwa mosamala ("khalidwe lovuta la hypersexual") ndi anthu olamulira bwino. Poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana omwe anali ndi vutoli anali ndi: 1) kuchepa kwa zinthu za imvi mu temporal lobes (madera okhudzana ndi kuletsa zilakolako zogonana); 2) kuchepa kwa precuneus kupita ku temporal cortex functional connection (kungasonyeze kusakhazikika kwa kuthekera kosuntha chidwi); 3) kuchepa kwa caudate kupita ku temporal cortex functional connection (kungalepheretse kulamulira kwa impulses kuchokera pamwamba kupita pansi). Zidule:

Zomwe zapezazi zikusonyeza kuti zolakwika zowonongeka pakati pa gyrus ndi nthawi yothandizira pakati pa gyrus ndi madera ena enieni (ie, precuneus ndi caudate) zingapangitse kukhumudwa ku chiwonongeko cha kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Choncho, zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka gyrus kungakhale mbali zina za PHB ndipo zikhoza kukhala zotsatiridwa ndi matenda a PHB.

Kukula kwakukulu kofunikira mu taniyoni yoyenera ndi kuwonjezereka kwa matayala a mbali ya kumanzere ndi STG yakumanzere anawonedwanso .... Choncho, nkotheka kuti kuwonjezeka kwa imvi nkhani ndi kuyanjana kwa ntchito mu cerebellum kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizoloŵezi cha anthu omwe ali ndi PHB.

Mwachidule, VBM yamakono ndi phunziro loyanjanitsa ntchito likuwonetsa zofooka zazikulu ndikusintha kagwiridwe ka ntchito mu grey ya pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Chofunika kwambiri, kugwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kulemera kwa PHB. Zotsatirazi zimapereka ndondomeko yatsopano mu njira zowonongeka za mpweya wa PHB.

40) Zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti: Kusiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi pankhani yokhudza chidwi ndi zolaula ( Pekal et al ., 2018) - [kukonzanso/kulimbikitsa chidwi, kukulitsa zilakolako]. Zidule:

 Olemba angapo amaganiza kuti zolaula-paintaneti-kugwiritsa ntchito vuto (IPD) ndi vuto losokoneza bongo. Imodzi mwa njira zomwe zaphunziridwa mwakhama pazovuta zamagulu osokoneza bongo komanso zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndizomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chazinthu zokhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo. Zosokoneza chidwi zimafotokozedwa ngati njira zakuzindikira zamaganizidwe amunthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chazomwe zimayambitsa chidwi cha zomwe zidachitikazo. Zimaganiziridwa mu mtundu wa I-PACE kuti mwa anthu omwe amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiritso za IPD kuzindikira konse komanso kuzindikira-kuyambiranso ndikukhumba kumawuka ndikuwonjezeka pakukonda. Kuti tifufuze zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha IPD, tidasanthula zitsanzo za amuna ndi akazi a 174. Kukonda chidwi kunayesedwa ndi Visual Probe Task, pomwe ophunzirawo amayenera kuchitapo kanthu pamivi yomwe imawonekera pambuyo pazithunzi zolaula kapena zosalowerera ndale.

Kuphatikiza apo, ophunzira adayenera kuwonetsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achite zachiwerewere zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi zithunzi zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, zizolowezi zopita ku IPD zimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwapafupi kwa Internetsex Addiction. Zotsatira za phunziroli zikuwonetsa ubale pakati pa chidwi cha anthu komanso kuwonongeka kwa IPD pang'ono pakati ndi zizindikiro za kukhumbira komanso kusilira. Ngakhale abambo ndi amayi nthawi zambiri amasiyana munthawi zoyenera chifukwa cha zithunzi zolaula, kuwunika kosawerengeka kumawonetsera kuti kusamalana kumachitika pang'onopang'ono mwakugonana pogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro za IPD. Zotsatirazi zimathandizira kulingalira kwa mtundu wa I-PACE pokhudzana ndi kupendekera kwazinthu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo zimagwirizana ndi maphunziro omwe amafotokoza za kukonzanso komanso kufunafuna zovuta zamavuto osokoneza bongo.

41) Kusintha kwa Zochita za Prefrontal ndi Zotsika Parietal Panthawi ya Ntchito ya Stroop mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khalidwe Lovuta la Hypersexual ( Seok & Sohn, 2018) - [kulamulira koyipa kwa akuluakulu - magwiridwe antchito a PFC]. Zidule:

Umboni wowonjezereka ukusonyeza mgwirizano pakati pamavuto oopsa ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (PHB) ndikuchepetsa kuwongolera. Kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB amawonetsa kusokonekera; Komabe, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pokhudzana ndi njira zamkati zomwe zimayendetsa utsogoleri wa PHB. Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ma neural correlates aulamuliro wamkulu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB ndikuwongolera athanzi pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zogwirizana ndi zochitika zamagetsi (fMRI).

Anthu makumi awiri ndi atatu omwe ali ndi PHB ndi ochita nawo machitidwe oyendetsa bwino a 22 adachita fMRI akugwira ntchito ya Stroop. Nthawi yankho ndi zolakwika zinayezedwa ngati zisonyezo za oyang'anira. Anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ndi kutsitsa kuyendetsa kumanja kwa dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) ndi infariary parietal cortex wokhudzana ndi zowongolera zathanzi panthawi ya ntchito ya Stroop. Kuphatikiza apo, mayankho odalirika a okosijeni m'magawo awa anali ogwirizana ndi zovuta za PHB. DLPFC yoyenera ndi parietal cortex yotsika imalumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero chazidziwitso zapamwamba komanso chidwi chowonera, motsatana. Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB achepetsa kuwongolera kwa chiwongolero ndikuchepa kwa ntchito mu DLPFC yoyenera komanso parietal cortex yotsika, ndikupereka neural maziko a PHB.

42) Khalidwe ndi chilakolako cha boma mwa amuna omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti-zolaula-kugwiritsa ntchito matenda ( Antons & Brand , 2018) - [zilakolako zowonjezera, chilakolako chachikulu cha boma & khalidwe]. Zidule:

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti khalidwe lachiwerewere limagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba cha intaneti-zolaula-kugwiritsa ntchito matenda (IPD). Makamaka amuna omwe ali ndi khalidwe lapamwamba kwambiri komanso chikhalidwe chosafuna kudziwika pa zochitika zolaula za ntchito yoimitsa chizindikiro komanso omwe ali ndi chidwi chokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zoopsa za IPD.

Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti khalidwe ndi chilakolako cha munthu payekha zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa IPD. Malinga ndi njira ziwiri zoledzera , zotsatira zake zitha kusonyeza kusalingana pakati pa machitidwe opupuluma ndi owunikira omwe angayambitsidwe ndi zithunzi zolaula. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti munthu asathenso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngakhale akukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa.

43) Mbali za chilakolako ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo zimasiyanitsa pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti mosangalatsa komanso mosalamulirika ( Stephanie et al ., 2019) - [zilakolako zowonjezera, kuchepetsa kuchotsera (chinyengo), chizolowezi]. Zidule:

Chifukwa cha khalidwe lake lopindulitsa kwambiri, zolaula za pa intaneti (IP) ndi chandamale chokonzedweratu cha makhalidwe osokoneza bongo. Mapangidwe okhudzana ndi kutengeka maganizo apezeka kuti ndi omwe amalimbikitsa makhalidwe osokoneza bongo. Mu kafukufukuyu, tafufuza zizolowezi zosaganizira bwino (kutengeka maganizo, kuchedwetsa kuchotsera, ndi kalembedwe ka chidziwitso), chilakolako cha IP, malingaliro okhudza IP, ndi njira zothanirana ndi mavuto mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP mosangalala nthawi zina, mosangalala nthawi zonse, komanso mosalamulirika. Magulu a anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP mosangalala nthawi zina ( n = 333), omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mosangalala nthawi zambiri ( n = 394), komanso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mosasamala ( n = 225) adadziwika ndi zida zowunikira.

Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mosalamulirika adawonetsa zambiri zakulakalaka, chidwi, chidwi chochepetsera, komanso kuthana ndi zovuta, komanso zotsika kwambiri zothana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndikusowa kuzindikira. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti zina mwa zinthu zosakhudzidwa ndi zina monga kulakalaka komanso malingaliro olakwika ndizodziwika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito IP osalamulira. Zotsatira zake ndizofanananso ndi mitundu yazovuta zina zogwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso zizolowezi zawo ....

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP mosayang'aniridwa anali ndi malingaliro oipa kwambiri pa IP poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Zotsatirazi zitha kusonyeza kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP mosayang'aniridwa ali ndi chikhumbo chachikulu kapena chikhumbo chofuna kugwiritsa ntchito IP, ngakhale kuti mwina adakulitsa malingaliro oipa pakugwiritsa ntchito IP, mwina chifukwa adakumana kale ndi zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito IP. Izi zikugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cholimbikitsa anthu kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ( Berridge & Robinson, 2016 ), chomwe chikuwonetsa kusintha kuchoka pa kukonda kupita ku kufuna panthawi ya chizolowezi.

Chotsatira china chosangalatsa ndichakuti kukula kwa zotsatira za nthawi yoyeserera pambuyo pa hoc mu mphindi iliyonse, poyerekeza ogwiritsa ntchito osayang'aniridwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amasangalala nthawi zambiri, kunali kokwera poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amamwa IP mosalamulirika makamaka amavutika kusiya kuonera IP panthawi ya phunzirolo kapena amafunikira nthawi yayitali kuti apeze mphotho yomwe akufuna, yomwe ingafanane ndi mtundu wa kulekerera matenda ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zotsatira za kuwunika kwa diary, komwe kudavumbulutsa kuti kusuta zolaula ndi chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri mwa amuna omwe akufuna chithandizo omwe ali ndi machitidwe ogonana okakamiza ( Wordecha et al., 2018 ).

44) Kutsatira tsankho la zolimbikitsa chilakolako cha kugonana mwa ophunzira aku koleji achimuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ( Skyler et al. , 2019) - [tsankho lowonjezera la njira (kuzindikira)]. Zidule:

Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti ophunzira aku koleji achimuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amafulumira kufikako kuposa kupewa zolimbikitsa chilakolako panthawi ya ntchito ya AAT….. Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizananso ndi ntchito zingapo za SRC zomwe zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amasonyeza chizolowezi chochitapo kanthu m'malo mopewa zolimbikitsa chilakolako ( Bradley et al., 2004 ; Field et al., 2006 , 2008 ).

Ponseponse, zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa kuti njira yothanirana ndi zosokoneza bongo ikhoza kukhala yankho mwachangu kapena lokonzekera kuposa kupewa, komwe kungafotokozeredwe ndimasewera azikhalidwe zina zosokoneza bongo .. .. Kuphatikiza apo, zambiri pa BPS zinali zogwirizana ndi njira zambiri zokondera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhala kolimba, njira yolowera kukakamiza zolaula. Mgwirizanowu udathandizidwanso ndi zotsatira zomwe zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula, monga momwe adalembedwera ndi PPUS, adawonetsa zoposa 200% njira zoyeserera zolimbikitsa zolaula poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe alibe zovuta zolaula.

Poganizira zonsezi, zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kufanana pakati pa zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi khalidwe ( Grant et al., 2010 ). Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito movutikira) kunalumikizidwa ndi njira zofulumira zopezera chilakolako chogonana kuposa zolimbikitsa zopanda tsankho, njira yofanana ndi yomwe imapezeka m'mavuto ogwiritsa ntchito mowa ( Field et al., 2008 ; Wiers et al., 2011 ), kugwiritsa ntchito chamba ( Cousijn et al., 2011 ; Field et al., 2006 ), ndi matenda ogwiritsa ntchito fodya ( Bradley et al., 2004 ). Kugwirizana pakati pa zizindikiro zamaganizo ndi njira zamaganizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzoledzeretsa zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kumawoneka ngati kotheka, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu ( Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Stark et al., 2018 ).

45) Kuchepa kwa microRNA-4456 komwe kumakhudzana ndi hypermethylation mu vuto la hypersexual lomwe limakhudza kwambiri chizindikiro cha oxytocin: Kusanthula kwa DNA methylation ya majini a miRNA ( Bostrom et al. , 2019) - [dongosolo lovuta la nkhawa lomwe lingakhalepo]. Kafukufuku wa anthu omwe ali ndi hypersexuality (chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula) akuwonetsa kusintha kwa epigenetic komwe kumachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zidakwa. Kusintha kwa epigenetic kunachitika m'majini okhudzana ndi oxytocin system (yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pa chikondi, mgwirizano, chizolowezi, nkhawa, magwiridwe antchito ogonana, ndi zina zotero). Zidule:

Mu kusanthula kwa DNA methylation m'magazi otumphukira, timazindikira ma CpG-malo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi MIR708 ndi MIR4456 omwe ali osiyana kwambiri ndi methylated mu hypersexuality disorder (HD) odwala. Kuphatikiza apo, tikuwonetsa kuti hsamiR- 4456 yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi methylation locus cg01299774 imasungidwa modabwitsa pakudalira kwa mowa, kuwonetsa kuti ikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi chinthu chomwe chimawonetsedwa mu HD.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa njira yotsatsira oxytocin yomwe yadziwika mu phunziroli ikuwoneka kuti ili ndi chidwi kwambiri mu zambiri zomwe zimafotokozera HD monga momwe Kafka et al. [1], monga kukakamiza chilakolako chogonana, kukakamizidwa, kukakamizidwa komanso (kugonana).

Pomaliza, MIR4456 ili ndi mawu otsika kwambiri mu HD. Phunziro lathu limapereka umboni kuti DNA methylation ku cg01299774 locus imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufotokozera kwa MIR4456. MRR iyi imawunikira majini omwe amasonyezedwa mwapadera mu minyewa ya mu ubongo ndipo amatenga nawo mbali mu ma cell akuluakulu am'mitsempha yama cell omwe amaganiza kuti ndi othandiza pa pathogenesis ya HD. Zotsatira zathu kuchokera pakufufuza kosinthika mu epigenome kumathandizira kuwonjezera kuwunikira kwamabungwe obisika kusala kwa pathophysiology ya HD ndikutsindika kwapadera pa MIR4456 ndi udindo wake mu oxytocin regulation.

46) Kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa grey matter mu kulamulira kwa impulse ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ( Draps et al. , 2020) – [hypofrontaility: descreased prefrontal cortex & anterior cingulate cortex grey matter]. Zidule:

Apa timasiyanitsa magwiridwe am'mutu (GMVs) m'magulu aanthu omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere (CSBD), vuto la kutchova njuga (GD), komanso vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito moledzera (AUD) ndi omwe alibe mavutowa (otenga nawo mbali oyendetsa bwino; HCs).

Anthu omwe adakhudzidwa (CSBD, GD, AUD) poyerekeza ndi omwe adatenga nawo mbali pa HC adawonetsa ma GMV ang'onoang'ono kumanzere kutsogolo, makamaka mu orbitofrontal cortex. Kusiyana kwakukulu kudawonedwa m'magulu a GD ndi AUD, ndipo kochepa kwambiri m'gulu la CSBD. Panali ubale woipa pakati pa ma GMV ndi kuopsa kwa matenda mu gulu la CSBD. Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro za CSBD kunagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa GMV mu girisi yakumanja ya anterior cingulate.

Kafukufukuyu ndi woyamba kuwonetsa ma GMV ang'onoang'ono m'magulu atatu azachipatala a CSBD, GD ndi AUD. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kufanana pakati pa matenda enaake oletsa kusokonezeka maganizo ndi zizolowezi zina.

Kachilombo ka anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) kagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kuzindikira, kukonza zinthu zoipa [56],[57], kukonza zolosera zolakwika, kuphunzira mphotho [58], [59] ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa cue [60],[34]. Ponena za CSBD, zochita za ACC poyankha zizindikiro zogonana zinali zogwirizana ndi chilakolako chogonana mwa amuna omwe ali ndi CSBD [61]. Amuna omwe ali ndi CSBD adawonetsanso kukonda kwambiri zinthu zatsopano zogonana, zomwe zinali zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha ACC [62]. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zapezeka pano zikuwonjezera maphunziro am'mbuyomu posonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa ACC kumakhudzana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za CSBD mwa amuna.

47) Kuchuluka kwa Oxytocin m'magazi mwa Amuna Omwe Ali ndi Matenda a Hypersexual ( Jokinen et al. , 2020) [kuyankha kosayenera kwa kupsinjika maganizo].– Kuchokera ku gulu lofufuza lomwe linafalitsa maphunziro 4 am'mbuyomu a neuro-endocrine pa amuna "okonda kugonana/okonda zolaula". Chifukwa oxytocin imagwira ntchito poyankha kupsinjika maganizo, kuchuluka kwa magazi kumatanthauzidwa ngati chizindikiro cha kupsinjika maganizo kopitirira muyeso mwa anthu omwe amakonda kugonana. Kupeza kumeneku kukugwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu a wofufuzayo ndi maphunziro a mitsempha omwe akunena za kuyankha kosayenera kwa kupsinjika maganizo mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chosangalatsa n'chakuti, chithandizo (CBT) chinachepetsa kuchuluka kwa oxytocin mwa odwala omwe amakonda kugonana kwambiri. Zidule:

Matenda a Hypersexual (HD) ophatikiza ma pathophysiological monga kukakamira chilakolako chogonana, chizolowezi chogonana, kutengeka mtima ndikukakamizidwa adanenedwa kuti ndi matenda a DSM-5. "Compulsiveive Behaeve Disorder" tsopano yawonetsedwa ngati vuto lodziletsa ku ICD-11. Kafukufuku waposachedwa adawonetsa cholakwika cha HPA axis mwa amuna omwe ali ndi HD. Oxytocin (OXT) imakhudza magwiridwe antchito a HPA axis; palibe maphunziro omwe adayesa milingo ya OXT mwa odwala HD. Kaya chithandizo cha CBT chazizindikiro za HD chimakhudza magawo OXT sichinafufuzidwe.

Tinafufuza kuchuluka kwa OXT m'magazi mwa odwala 64 aamuna omwe ali ndi HD ndi amuna 38 odzipereka athanzi omwe ali ndi zaka zofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, tinafufuzanso mgwirizano pakati pa kuchuluka kwa OXT m'magazi ndi zizindikiro za HD pogwiritsa ntchito sikelo zoyezera khalidwe la hypersexual.

Odwala omwe ali ndi HD anali ndi milingo yokwera kwambiri ya OXT poyerekeza ndi odzipereka athanzi. Panali mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa milingo ya OXT ndi masikelo owerengera omwe amayesa khalidwe la hypersexual. Odwala omwe adamaliza chithandizo cha CBT adachepetsa kwambiri milingo ya OXT kuchokera kuchipatala asanayambe chithandizo. Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti dongosolo la oxytonergic logwira ntchito kwambiri mwa odwala amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual lomwe lingakhale njira yolipirira kuchepetsa dongosolo la nkhawa logwira ntchito kwambiri. Chithandizo chabwino cha gulu la CBT chingakhale ndi mphamvu pa dongosolo la oxytonergic logwira ntchito kwambiri.

48) Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti - Udindo wofunikira wa insula ( Anton & Brand , 2020) - [kulekerera kapena chizolowezi] - Olembawo akunena kuti zotsatira zawo zikusonyeza kulekerera, chizindikiro cha njira yoledzera. Zidule:

Kafukufuku wathu wapano akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati njira yoyamba yolimbikitsira kufufuzaku mtsogolo pokhudzana ndi mayanjano omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonda, kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta pa IP, kusintha kwa kusintha, komanso kudziletsa.

Mogwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu (monga Antons & Brand, 2018 ; Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016 ; Gola et al., 2017 ; Laier et al., 2013 ), tapeza mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa chilakolako cha munthu payekha ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za kugwiritsa ntchito IP movutikira m'mikhalidwe yonse iwiri . Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa chilakolako monga muyeso wa cue-reactivity sikunagwirizane ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za kugwiritsa ntchito IP movutikira, izi zitha kukhudzana ndi kulolerana (onani Wéry & Billieux, 2017 ) popeza zithunzi zolaula zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu sizinapangidwe payekhapayekha malinga ndi zomwe munthu amakonda. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zodziwika bwino zolaula zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito sizingakhale zolimba mokwanira kuti zipangitse cue-reactivity mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi zotsatira zochepa pamachitidwe osakhazikika, owunikira, komanso ozindikira komanso kuthekera koletsa.

Zotsatira za kuleza mtima ndi zinthu zolimbikitsa zingathandize kufotokoza momwe anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri amagwirira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusiyana kwa njira yolumikizirana ndi yowunikira. Kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito IP mwina kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyanjana pakati pa njira zolumikizirana, zowunikira, ndi zowunikirana.

Poganizira zonsezi, insula monga kapangidwe kake koyimira dongosolo lolumikizirana pakati pa anthu (interceptive system) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuletsa kufalikira kwa zithunzi zolaula. Deta ikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za kugwiritsa ntchito IP molakwika adachita bwino pantchitoyi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito ya insula panthawi yokonza zithunzi komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito panthawi yokonza zoletsa kufalikira kwa matenda. Kachitidwe kake ka ntchito kangakhale kochokera ku zotsatira za kulolerana, kutanthauza kuti, kuchepa kwa ntchito ya dongosolo losafulumira kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zowunikira komanso zowunikira zisamayende bwino.

Chifukwa chake, kusunthika kuchoka pakukakamizidwa kupita kumakhalidwe olimbikira chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta za IP kapena chifukwa chothandizira kupewa (zokhudzana ndi kupewa) kungakhale koyenera, kotero kuti zinthu zonse zimangoyang'ana pa ntchitoyi ndikupatuka pazithunzi zolaula. Phunziroli limathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino kwa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa IP komwe mwina sikuti kumachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana pakati pamagetsi apawiri koma komanso kulumikizana pakati pamagetsi.

49) Testosterone Yabwinobwino koma Miyezo Yapamwamba ya Ma Hormone a Luteinizing Plasma mwa Amuna Omwe Ali ndi Matenda a Hypersexual (2020) - [zingasonyeze kuyankha kolakwika kwa kupsinjika] - Kuchokera ku gulu lofufuza lomwe linafalitsa maphunziro 5 am'mbuyomu a neuro-endocrine pa "okonda kugonana" amuna (okonda kugonana/zolaula), kuwulula machitidwe osinthika a kupsinjika, chizindikiro chachikulu cha chizolowezi ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. ). Zidule:

Phunziroli, tinapeza kuti odwala amuna omwe ali ndi HD analibe kusiyana kwakukulu pamlingo wa testosterone wa plasma poyerekeza ndi odzipereka athanzi. M'malo mwake, anali ndi LH yapamwamba kwambiri.

HD ikuphatikizapo mu tanthauzo lake kuti khalidweli likhoza kukhala chifukwa cha matenda a dysphoric ndi kupsinjika maganizo, ¹ ndipo tanena kale za kusokonekera kwa ntchito ndi kuthamanga kwa HPA axis ¹³ komanso kusintha kwa epigenetic komwe kumachitika mwa amuna omwe ali ndi HD.

Pali kuyanjana kovuta pakati pa HPA ndi HPG axis, zonse zoyambitsa komanso zoletsa zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi gawo la kukula kwa ubongo. ²⁷ Zochitika zopsinjika kudzera mu zotsatira za HPA axis zingayambitse kuletsa kwa LH kuletsa komanso kubereka. ²⁷ Machitidwe awiriwa ali ndi kuyanjana kofanana, ndipo zoyambitsa kupsinjika koyambirira zimatha kusintha mayankho a neuroendocrine kudzera mu kusintha kwa epigenetic.

Njira zomwe zaperekedwa zitha kuphatikizapo kuyanjana kwa HPA ndi HPG, netiweki ya neural yopereka mphotho, kapena kuletsa kulamulira kwa kukakamiza kwa madera a prefrontal cortex. ³² Pomaliza, tikunena koyamba kuti kuchuluka kwa LH m'magazi mwa amuna okonda kugonana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi odzipereka athanzi. Zomwe zapezekazi zimathandiza kuti mabuku akule pakugwira ntchito kwa neuroendocrine systems ndi kusokonekera kwa HD.

50) Njira yotsatirira zokopa zachiwerewere pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji achikazi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula (2020) [sensitization and desensitization ] - Kafukufuku wa zamaganizo wa ku Europe pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachikazi akufotokoza zomwe zapezeka zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zawonedwa mu maphunziro okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Njira yotsatirira zolaula (sensitization) ndi anhedonia (desensitization) zinali zogwirizana bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti: " tapezanso mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa zigoli ndi zigoli za erotic approach bias pa SHAPS, zomwe zimawerengera anhedonia. Izi zikusonyeza kuti njira yotsatirira zokopa zachiwerewere ikakula, chisangalalo chomwe munthuyo adanenanso kuti akukumana nacho chimakhala chochepa ". Mwachidule, chizindikiro cha neuropsychological cha njira yoledzera chimagwirizana ndi kusowa chisangalalo (anhedonia). Zidule:

Njira yokonda, kapena chizolowezi chofuna kuchita zinthu zina kuti zisunthire thupi m'malo mopitikirako, ndichinthu chofunikira chazidziwitso zomwe zimakhudzana ndi machitidwe achizolowezi. Mitundu iwiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo imapangitsa kuti zizolowezi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamayende bwino chifukwa chamadongosolo, "osachita"
zoyendetsa ndi zowongolera. Kuchita zobwerezabwereza pamakhalidwe oluluzika kumatha kuyambitsa chizolowezi chodziwikiratu chomwe anthu amatha kufikira m'malo mopewa kukopeka nazo. Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ngati njira yolankhulirana zolaula yomwe ilipo pakati pa azimayi azaka zodziwika bwino a ku koleji omwe akuti amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Ophunzira adawonetsa tsankho lalikulu la njira ya 24.81 ms pa zokopa zachiwerewere poyerekeza ndi zokopa zandale, ndipo tsankho lake la njira yachiwerewere likugwirizana kwambiri ndi Zovuta Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Ziwerengero za Scale. Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapezeka kale zomwe zikunena za tsankho la njira yachiwerewere pakati pa amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse (Sklenarik et al., 2019; Stark et al., 2017).

Kuphatikiza apo, ziwerengero za tsankho la njira zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi anhedonia, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti njira yopezera zolimbikitsa zachiwerewere ikakula, anhedonia imawonedwa kwambiri. .... Izi zikusonyeza kuti tsankho la njira yopezera zolimbikitsa zachiwerewere likakula, chisangalalo chomwe munthuyo adanenanso sichimachepa.

51) Zida zakugonana zimasintha magwiridwe ogwirira ntchito ndikuwongolera ubongo kwa amuna omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu chokakamira (2020) - [kulimbikitsa ndi kugwira ntchito yosauka] - Zolemba:

Pa khalidwe, odwala adachepetsedwa ndi zithunzi zolaula kutengera momwe adagwiritsira ntchito zolaula sabata yatha, zomwe zidawonetsedwa ndi kuyambitsidwa kwakukulu kwa gyrus ya lingual. Kuphatikiza apo, gyrus ya lingual idawonetsa kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi insula panthawi yokonza zolaula m'gulu la odwala. Mosiyana ndi izi, anthu athanzi adawonetsa mayankho mwachangu akakumana ndi zithunzi zolaula zokhala ndi chidziwitso chambiri. Komanso, odwala adawonetsa kukumbukira bwino zithunzi zolaula pantchito yozindikira modzidzimutsa poyerekeza ndi zowongolera, polankhula za kufunika kwakukulu kwa zithunzi zolaula m'gulu la odwala. Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha chilimbikitso cha chizolowezi, makamaka kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi netiweki ya salience ndi insula ngati malo ofunikira komanso ntchito yayikulu ya chilankhulo panthawi yokonza zithunzi zolaula kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula posachedwapa.

.... Izi zitha kutanthauziridwa mwanjira yoti zinthu zolaula (mwina chifukwa cha njira zophunzirira) ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala motero zimayambitsa kusakhazikika (insula) ndi netiweki yowunikira (parietal yotsika), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yochitapo kanthu ikhale yochepa chifukwa chidziwitso chofunikira sichili chofunikira pa ntchitoyi. Kutengera zomwe zapezekazi, munthu angaganize kuti, kwa anthu omwe akuwonetsa CSB, zinthu zolaula zimakhala ndi zosokoneza zambiri ndipo motero zimakhala ndi luso lapamwamba. Pambuyo pake, detayo imathandizira IST ya chizolowezi mu CSB.

52) Mtengo wopindulitsa wa zolimbikitsa zogonana zomwe zimawonedwa mwa anthu umalembedwa mu striatum ya anthu ndi orbitofrontal cortex (2020) – [kudziwitsa ] – Zidule:

Munthu akamayesa VSS clip pa chilakolako chogonana kapena valence, zochita zambiri zomwe tidapeza mu NAcc, caudate nucleus ndi OFC panthawi yowonera VSS zimakhala zolimba. Kuphatikiza apo, mgwirizano pakati pa ziwerengero za chilakolako chogonana ndi NAcc komanso zochita za caudate nucleus unali wolimba kwambiri pamene anthu adanena zizindikiro zambiri za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta (PPU) zomwe zimayesedwa ndi s-IATsex.

Kusiyana kumeneku kwa anthu pa nkhani ya ma code okonda kungayimire njira yomwe imayang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito VSS molakwika komwe anthu ena amakumana nako. Sitinangopeza mgwirizano wa NAcc ndi zochita za caudate ndi ziwerengero zogonana panthawi yowonera VSS koma mphamvu ya mgwirizanowu inali yayikulu pamene munthuyo adanenanso za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kwambiri (PPU). Zotsatira zake zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti, mayankho amtengo wapatali mu NAcc ndi caudate amasiyanitsa kwambiri pakati pa zokonda zosiyanasiyana zomwe munthuyo amakonda, momwe munthuyo amakumana ndi PPU . Izi zimawonjezera maphunziro am'mbuyomu, komwe PPU yalumikizidwa ndi yankho lapamwamba kwambiri ku VSS poyerekeza ndi vuto lolamulira kapena losakondedwa [29,38]. Kafukufuku wina, pogwiritsanso ntchito ntchito ya SID, adapeza kuti ntchito ya NAcc yowonjezereka yogwirizana ndi PPU yowonjezereka panthawi yoyembekezera yokha [41]. Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti zotsatira zofanana, mwachitsanzo kusintha kwa njira yolimbikitsira yokhudzana ndi PPU, zitha kupezekanso mu gawo lopereka, koma pokhapokha ngati zomwe munthu amakonda ziganiziridwa. Kusiyanitsa kowonjezereka kwa zizindikiro zamtengo wapatali mu NAcc kungasonyeze kufunikira kowonjezereka kofunafuna ndi kuzindikira VSS yomwe amakonda panthawi yoledzera.

Popeza zotsatilazi zitha kuwerengedwa, zimatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu mthupi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa chizindikiritso chamtengo wapatali kumatha kulumikizidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yomwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kufunafuna zinthu zolimbikitsa kwambiri, zomwe pambuyo pake zimabweretsa zovuta m'moyo wa munthu kapena akatswiri komanso kuvutika chifukwa cha mchitidwewu.

53) Sayansi ya Zaumoyo pa Kulankhulana kwa Zaumoyo: Kusanthula kwa fNIRS kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Prefrontal Cortex ndi Zolaula mwa Atsikana Achichepere Pakukonza Mapulogalamu Aumoyo Opewera Kupewa (2020) - Zolemba:

Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti kuonera kanema wolaula (motsutsana ndi kanema wolamulira) kumayambitsa kuyambika kwa dera la Brodmann's 45 la hemisphere yakumanja. Zotsatira zake zimawonekeranso pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kumwa komwe kunanenedwa ndi kuyambika kwa BA 45 yakumanja: kuchuluka kwa kumwa komwe kunanenedwa ndi munthu, kumakulirakulira. Kumbali ina, omwe sanagwiritsepo ntchito zithunzi zolaula sawonetsa ntchito ya BA 45 yakumanja poyerekeza ndi kanema wolamulira (kusonyeza kusiyana kwa khalidwe pakati pa osagula ndi ogula) . Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wina wopangidwa pankhani ya zizolowezi. Akuti dongosolo la mirror neuron likhoza kukhala lokhudzidwa, kudzera mu njira ya chifundo, zomwe zingayambitse chilakolako chogonana.

54) Zotheka zokhudzana ndi zochitika mu ntchito yosazolowereka iwiri yosankha ya kulephera kulamulira khalidwe pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (2020) - Zolemba:

Kulephera kudziletsa (BIC) amadziwika kuti amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukonda. Komabe, kafukufuku sanatsimikizire ngati izi zilinso vuto lokonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kafukufukuyu cholinga chake chinali kufufuza momwe BIC ikuyendera mwa amuna omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (TCA) pogwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kokhudzana ndi zochitika (ERPs) ndikupereka umboni wokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa BIC.

Anthu omwe ali ndi TCA anali opupuluma kwambiri kuposa omwe anali nawo pa HC ndipo anali ndi makhalidwe ofanana a neuropsychological ndi ERP okhudzana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zizolowezi zamakhalidwe, zomwe zimathandizira lingaliro lakuti chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti chingaganizidwe ngati chizolowezi chamakhalidwe.

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso, zotsatira zathu zikusonyeza kuti chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti chikufanana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso vuto la kulamulira maganizo pankhani ya kulephera kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso pamlingo wamagetsi ndi khalidwe. Zomwe tapeza zitha kuyambitsa mkangano wopitilira wokhudza kuthekera kwa chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti ngati mtundu watsopano wa matenda amisala.

55) Matenda a White matter microstructural ndi Compulsive Sexual Behaviors Disorder - Kafukufuku wa Diffusion Tensor Imaging - Kafukufuku wa B rain scan akuyerekeza kapangidwe ka White matter ka anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula/kugonana (CSBD) ndi anthu olamulira. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu olamulira ndi anthu omwe ali ndi CSB. Zidule:

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazofufuza zoyambirira za DTI zowunika kusiyana pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zogonana zogonana komanso kuwongolera koyenera. Kusanthula kwathu kwaulula kuchepa kwa FA m'magawo asanu ndi amodzi aubongo m'mitu ya CSBD, poyerekeza ndi zowongolera. Timapepala tosiyanitsa tidapezeka mu cerebellum (mwina panali magawo amtundu womwewo mu cerebellum), gawo lobwezeretsa mkati mwa kapisozi wamkati, corona radiata yapakati kapena yoyera ya occipital gyrus yoyera.

Deta yathu ya DTI ikuwonetsa kuti ma neuron correlates a CSBD amalumikizana ndi madera omwe adanenedwa kale m'mabuku monga okhudzana ndi chizolowezi ndi OCD (onani dera lofiira mu Chithunzi 3 ). Chifukwa chake, kafukufukuyu wawonetsa kufanana kwakukulu pakuchepetsa kwa FA pakati pa CSBD ndi OCD ndi zizolowezi.

56) Kuchedwa kwa chilimbikitso cha kugonana mu scanner: Chidziwitso cha kugonana ndi kukonza mphotho, ndi maulalo okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika komanso chilimbikitso cha kugonana - Zomwe zapezekazi sizikugwirizana ndi njira yoledzera (cue-reactivity).

58) Kubwerezabwereza kwa orbitofrontal cortex ku zizindikiro zogonana mu Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (2021) - [kuzindikira - kubwerezabwereza kwakukulu kwa cue mu ventral striatum ndi anterior orbitofrontal cortex mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula poyerekeza ndi zowongolera zathanzi] Zolemba:

Kachitidwe ka ntchito komwe kamapezeka m'maphunziro a CSBD omwe ali ndi ma cortices apamwamba a parietal, supramarginal gyrus, pre and postcentral gyrus, ndi basal ganglia kungakhale chizindikiro cha kukulitsa (poyerekeza ndi zowongolera zathanzi) chidwi, somatosensory, ndi kukonzekera kwa magalimoto kuti alandire mphotho yolaula komanso kukwaniritsidwa ( kufuna) mu CSBD komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zolosera ( Locke & Braver, 2008 ; Hirose, Nambu, & Naito, 2018 ). Izi zikugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha Incentive Sensitization cha chizolowezi ( Robinson & Berridge, 2008 ) ndi deta yomwe ilipo pa cue-reactivity mu machitidwe osokoneza bongo ( Gola & Draps, 2018 ; Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017 ; Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Kraus et al., 2016b ; Potenza et al., 2017 ; Stark, Klucken, Potenza, Brand, & Strahler, 2018 ; Voon et al., 2014 )….

Chofunika kwambiri, ndi zotsatira za kusanthula kwa ROI, ntchitoyi ikukulitsa zotsatira zomwe zidasindikizidwa kale ( Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017 ) powonetsa kuti kuyankha kwakukulu kwa malipoti ku zizindikiro za mphotho zachiwerewere mu CSBD kumachitika osati kokha mu ventral striatum mu gawo loyembekezera mphotho komanso mu anterior orbitofrontal cortex (aOFC). Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika m'derali zikuwonekanso kuti zimadalira kuthekera kwa mphotho. Kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha BOLD kunali kwakukulu mwa anthu a CSBD kuposa m'ma controls athanzi, makamaka pamitengo yotsika ya mwayi, zomwe zingasonyeze kuti mwayi wotsika wopeza mphotho yachiwerewere suchepetsa chilimbikitso cha khalidwe chochulukira chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zizindikiro za mphotho zachiwerewere.

Kutengera ndi deta yathu, tinganene kuti aOFC imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothandiza kuti zizindikiro za mitundu inayake ya mphotho ziyambe kuchita zinthu zofunafuna mphotho mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali mu CSBD. Ndipotu, udindo wa OFC wakhala ukukhudzidwa ndi machitidwe a sayansi ya ubongo okhudza makhalidwe osokoneza bongo.

59) Umboni wa zamagetsi wosonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti (2021) [kuzindikira/kuchitapo kanthu pa zinthu zogonana komanso chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula/kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana] Kafukufukuyu adawunika momwe anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (nthawi yoyankha) komanso momwe ubongo umayankhira (EEG) ku zithunzi zolaula komanso zosalowerera ndale. Mogwirizana ndi Mechelmans et al. (2014) pamwambapa, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri . Chatsopano ndi chakuti kafukufukuyu adapeza umboni wa ubongo wosonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula poyamba anali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zidutswa:

Chiphunzitso cholimbikitsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kukondera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto linalake losokoneza bongo ( Field & Cox, 2008 ; Robinson & Berridge, 1993 ). Chiphunzitsochi chikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mobwerezabwereza kumawonjezera mphamvu ya dopaminergic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima komanso yolimbikitsa. Izi zimayambitsa khalidwe la anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli chifukwa chofuna kumva zomwe zachitika poyankha zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ( Robinson & Berridge, 1993 ). Pambuyo pokumana ndi chinthu cholimbikitsa mobwerezabwereza, zizindikiro zokhudzana nazo zimakhala zodziwika bwino komanso zokongola, zomwe zimakopa chidwi. Zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu zasonyeza kuti [ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo] kwenikweni anali ndi vuto lalikulu pakuweruza mitundu ya zithunzi zolaula poyerekeza ndi zomwe sizili mbali ya gulu. Umboni uwu ndi wofanana ndi zotsatira zomwe zanenedwa za khalidwe lokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ( Asmaro et al., 2014 ; Della Libera et al., 2019 ) ndi khalidwe losagwirizana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo khalidwe logonana ( Pekal et al., 2018 ; Sklenarik, Potenza, Gola, Kor, Kraus, & Astur, 2019 ; Wegmann & Brand, 2020 ).

Zotsatira zathu zatsopano ndi zakuti anthu omwe ali ndi [chizolowezi chogonana] adawonetsa kusintha koyambirira kwa P200 poyerekeza ndi zolimbikitsa zopanda tsankho poyankha zolimbikitsa kugonana. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi za Mechelmans et al. (2014) , omwe adanenanso kuti omwe adachita nawo zachiwerewere mokakamiza akuwonetsa chidwi chachikulu pa zogonana kuposa zolimbikitsa zopanda tsankho, makamaka panthawi yochedwa kuyambitsa (monga, kuyankhidwa koyambirira). P200 imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepetsa kukonza zolimbikitsa ( Crowley & Colrain, 2004 ). Chifukwa chake, zomwe tapeza pa P200 zikuwonetsa kuti kusiyana pakati pa zolimbikitsa zogonana ndi zosalowerera ndale kumatha kusankhidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi [chizolowezi chogonana] pamlingo woyambirira wa chisamaliro panthawi yokonza zolimbikitsa zochepa. Kuwonjezeka kwa P200 ku zolimbikitsa zogonana mu gulu la [chizolowezi chogonana] kumawonekera ngati chidwi chowonjezereka cha chidwi choyambirira chifukwa mphamvu ya zolimbikitsazi imawonjezeka. Kafukufuku wina wa ERP wokhudza chizolowezi cha mowa wavumbulutsa zomwe zapezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusankhana pakati pa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa njira zochizira (monga Nijs et al., 2010 ; Versace, Minnix, Robinson, Lam, Brown, & Cinciripini, 2011 ; Yang, Zhang, & Zhao, 2015 ).

Pambuyo pake, gawo lowongolera komanso lodziwika bwino la kukondera, kafukufukuyu adapeza matalikidwe otsika a LPP mwa omwe adakonda zolaula (gulu la TCA lalitali). Ofufuzawo akuwonetsa kukhazikika / kukhumudwa momwe zingathere pakupeza izi. Kuchokera pazokambirana:

Izi zitha kufotokozedwa m'njira zingapo. Choyamba, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana pa intaneti akhoza kuzolowera zithunzi zosawoneka bwino . Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti, ogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wowonera makanema olaula ndi makanema afupiafupi kuposa zithunzi zosawoneka bwino. Popeza makanema olaula amapanga chilakolako champhamvu cha thupi komanso chamalingaliro kuposa zithunzi zogonana, zithunzi zosasinthika zimapangitsa kuti munthu asayankhe kwambiri za kugonana ( Both, Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004 ). Chachiwiri, kukondoweza kwambiri kungayambitse kusintha kwakukulu kwa mitsempha ( Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 ). Makamaka, kuonera zithunzi zolaula nthawi zonse kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa imvi mu dorsal striatum, dera lokhudzana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana ( Arnow et al., 2002 ).

60) Kusintha kwa oxytocin ndi vasopressin mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula: Udindo wa chifundo [kuyankha kosayenera kwa nkhawa] Zolemba:

zomwe zapezedwa zikuwonetsa kusintha kangapo pakugwira ntchito kwa neuropeptide mu PPU ndikuwonetsa maulalo awo kuti achepetse chifundo komanso zizindikiro zowopsa zamaganizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa maubwenzi enieni pakati pa matenda amisala, AVP, oxytocin, chifundo komanso zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso kumvetsetsa maubwenzi amenewa kungathandize kutsogolera chithandizo chamankhwala….

Ngakhale kuti maphunziro asanapite kuchipatala amawonetsa mobwerezabwereza kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a oxytocin ndi AVP m'zitsanzo za nyama zomwe zimaledzera , palibe kafukufuku wakale wa anthu amene adayesa momwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PPU. Zotsatira zaposachedwa zikusonyeza kusintha kwa oxytocin ndi AVP mwa amuna omwe ali ndi PPU monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu milingo yoyambira, machitidwe a reactivity, neuropeptide balance, ndi maulalo omwe ali ndi hypersexuality yokhudzana ndi zolaula.

61) Kugwirizana kwa mitsempha ndi khalidwe la chilakolako cha kugonana kumasonyeza njira zonga kuledzera mu vuto la khalidwe logonana lokakamiza (2022) [kudziwitsa] Kafukufuku wa fMRI uyu adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula/kugonana (odwala a CSBD) amakhala ndi khalidwe losazolowereka komanso ntchito za ubongo panthawi yoyembekezera kuonera zolaula, makamaka mu ventral striatum. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adapezanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula/kugonana "ankafuna" zolaula kwambiri, koma "sanazikonde" kuposa zowongolera zathanzi. Zidule:

Chofunika kwambiri, kusiyana kwa makhalidwe kumeneku kukusonyeza kuti njira zokhudzana ndi kuyembekezera zinthu zokopa komanso zosakhudzana ndi kugonana zingasinthidwe mu CSBD ndikuthandizira lingaliro lakuti kupereka mphotho ku njira zokhudzana ndi kuyembekezera zofanana ndi zomwe zili mu matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zizolowezi zamakhalidwe zitha kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira mu CSBD, monga momwe adanenera kale ( Chatzittofis et al., 2016 ; Gola et al., 2018 ; Jokinen et al., 2017 ; Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Mechelmans et al., 2014 ; Politis et al., 2013 ; Schmidt et al., 2017 ; Sinke et al., 2020 ; Voon et al., 2014 ). Izi zinathandizidwanso ndi mfundo yakuti sitinaone kusiyana kwa ntchito zina zamaganizo poyesa kutenga zoopsa ndi kulamulira maganizo, kutsutsana ndi lingaliro lakuti njira zokhudzana ndi kukakamiza anthu ambiri zikugwira ntchito ( Norman et al., 2019 ; Mar, Townes, Pechlivanoglou, Arnold, & Schachar, 2022 ). Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, muyeso wa khalidwe ΔRT unagwirizana molakwika ndi zizindikiro za hypersexual ndi kukakamiza kugonana, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa khalidwe komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuyembekezera kumawonjezeka limodzi ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za CSBD….

Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kuti CSBD imalumikizidwa ndi kusinthika kwamakhalidwe omwe amayembekeza, omwe amagwirizananso ndi zochitika za VS poyembekezera zokopa. Zomwe zapezazi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti njira zofananira ndi zinthu zosokoneza bongo zimagwira ntchito mu CSBD ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti kugawa kwa CSBD ngati vuto lodziletsa kutha kutsutsidwa potengera zomwe zapezeka mu neurobiological.

62) Kulumikizana Kogwira Ntchito mu Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugonana Okakamiza - Kuwunikanso Kwadongosolo kwa Mabuku ndi Kafukufuku pa Amuna Osagonana (2022) [kudziwitsa]

Tidapeza fc yowonjezereka pakati pa gyrus yakumanzere yakumanzere ndi pulane yakumanja ndi polare, insula yakumanja ndi kumanzere, kumanja kwa Supplementary Motor Cortex (SMA), parietal operculum yakumanja, komanso pakati kumanzere kwa supramarginal gyrus ndi planum polare yakumanja, komanso pakati kumanzere kwa orbitofrontal cortex ndi kumanzere kumtunda poyerekeza CSBD ndi HC. Kutsika kwa fc kunawonedwa pakati pa gyrus yapakati yakumanzere ndi insula ya mayiko awiri ndi parietal operculum yakumanja.

Kafukufukuyu anali kafukufuku wamkulu woyamba wowonetsa maukonde aubongo a 5 omwe amasiyanitsa odwala a CSBD ndi HC.

Maukonde ogwira ntchito muubongo amasiyanitsa CSBD ndi HC ndipo amapereka chithandizo cholimbikitsira ngati njira yomwe imayambitsa zizindikiro za CSBD.

63) Kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi vuto la khalidwe logonana lokakamiza (2023)

CSBD imalumikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwaubongo, komwe kumathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino kwa CSBD ndikulimbikitsa kufotokozeranso njira za neurobiological zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

Zizindikiro za CSBD zinali zowopsa kwambiri mwa anthu omwe amawonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu wa cortical.

Zotsatira za maphunziro am'mbuyomu ndi kafukufuku wapano zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti CSBD imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwaubongo m'madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kulimbikitsa, chizolowezi, kuwongolera, ndi kukonza mphotho.

Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kuti CSBD imalumikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwaubongo. Kafukufukuyu amapereka zidziwitso zamtengo wapatali mu gawo lomwe silinadziwike kwambiri la kufunikira kwachipatala ndipo limalimbikitsa kumveketsa bwino kwa njira za neurobiological zomwe zili pansi pa CSBD, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti pakhale chithandizo chamankhwala chamtsogolo. Zomwe zapezazi zingathandizenso kukambirana kosalekeza ngati gulu lamakono la CSBD ngati vuto lodziletsa ndiloyenera.

64) Kukonda kudya ndi zolaula kumapangitsa kuti anthu azisangalala kwambiri m'madera olandira mphoto kuposa ndalama ndi masewera.

"Zotsatirazi zimagwirizana ndi kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu wosonyeza kuti zolaula zili ndi mphamvu zosokoneza bongo chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zogwira mtima komanso zodzutsa chilakolako."

65) Kulimbitsa thupi ndi kusokoneza njira zowonongera thupi mwa amuna omwe akulimbana ndi machitidwe okakamiza ogonana (2025)

Results

Pokhazikika, ziwerengero zodziwika bwino zinawonjezeka, ndipo nthawi zomwe zinachitikira zinali mofulumira kwa onse okhudzidwa ndi ndalama pakati pa omwe ali ndi CSB, pamodzi ndi kusintha kwa ventral striatum (vStr), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), ndi anterior orbitofrontal cortex (aOFC). Pakutha, zowerengera zodziyesa zidakhalabe zokwezeka mu gulu la CSB pazotsatira zonse mwanjira yopanda mphotho, limodzi ndi kusintha kwa dACC ndi vStr.

Zokambirana ndi zolingalira

Zomwe zapezazi zikuwonetsa kulimbikitsidwa kolimbikitsana kwazomwe zimachitika, kuwonetsa kusamutsidwa kokhazikika komanso kokhudzana ndi phindu kuchokera ku mphotho kupita ku zomwe ophunzira omwe ali ndi CSB. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale kulibe mphotho, kulimbikira kwa kudzutsidwa ndi kufunitsitsa kutsata zidziwitso kunagogomezera njira yakutheratu koyipa. Kuzindikira uku kumapititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa kwa CSB's neurobiological underpinnings ndi kugwirizana kwake ndi machitidwe osokoneza bongo.

66) Kufufuza udindo wa amygdala mu Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder kudzera mu njira yolumikizirana pogwiritsa ntchito Recurrence Quantification Analysis (2025)

Phunziro lathu limapereka gawo loyamba la amygdala mu CSBD [Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder] odwala omwe adawonetsa kusintha kwa magawo a [amygdala] kukula kwake poyerekeza ndi anthu athanzi komanso kulumikizana kangapo kwa magwiridwe antchito awo ndi kuuma kwa zizindikiro za CSBD.

67) Zotsatira za chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti pa ntchito ya ubongo: kafukufuku wa spectroscopy wokhudzana ndi ntchito ya near-infrared (2025)

• Zotsatira za chizolowezi chowonera zolaula pa intaneti pakulumikizana kwaubongo mu prefrontal lobe zimawonetsa mawonekedwe ofanana ndi omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Njira zolumikizirana zogwirira ntchito mu cortex yaubongo yokhala ndi zolaula za pa intaneti ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimawonedwa mu schizophrenia.
• Maganizo oipa monga nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zolaula.

68) Zotsatira za kukondoweza kwa transcranial direct current kwa dorsolateral prefrontal cortex pa chilakolako ndi kulamulira malingaliro oipa mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta: Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi placebo (2025)

Kukondoweza kwa mphamvu ya transcranial direct current kunachepetsa kwambiri chilakolako poyerekeza ndi kukondoweza kwachinyengo mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ovuta.

69) Njira zopezera zithunzi zolaula mu vuto la khalidwe logonana mokakamiza: malingaliro ochokera ku kafukufuku wa sex@brain

Ziwerengero zonse za zotsatira za [nthawi yochitapo kanthu] zimasonyeza nthawi yofulumira kuchitapo kanthu mwa amuna opanda CSBD kuzinthu zolaula, pomwe ziŵerengero za [nthawi yochitapo kanthu] zimasonyeza kuti amuna omwe ali ndi CSBD amasonyeza nthawi yayitali yowonera zinthu zolaula.

70) Kuchepetsa kuchedwa kugonana ngati njira yomwe ingathandize akazi kuchita zinthu zogonana mokakamiza: Umboni wochokera ku kuyesera kwa amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana (2025)

Khalidwe lochita zinthu zogonana mokakamiza komanso kufunafuna zinthu zolimbikitsa kunagwirizana ndi kuchepetsa kuchedwa kwa kugonana komanso kusakonda kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kapena dama la mano, makamaka mwa akazi.

71) Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa striato-limbic ndi frontoparietal komwe kumayambitsa kusalingana kwa chilimbikitso cha mphotho ndi kuwongolera kuzindikira mu vuto la khalidwe logonana mokakamiza: Kusanthula kwa meta-imaging (2026)

Kusanthula kwa meta kunawonetsa kusakhazikika kwa hippocampus yakumanzere, lower parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, putamen, ndi angular gyrus, komanso mu globus pallidus yakumanja ndi supramarginal gyrus. Kafukufuku wozikidwa pa ntchito makamaka adakhudza lower parietal lobule, hippocampus, ndi globus pallidus, pomwe maphunziro opumula adawonetsa kukhudzidwa kwa cerebellar. Mu zitsanzo zaku Europe, kusakhazikika kudawonekera mu globus pallidus, precentral gyrus, ndi hippocampus, pomwe zitsanzo zaku East Asia zidawonetsa kusintha mu lower parietal lobule ndi precuneus. Kuzindikira magwiridwe antchito kunagwirizanitsa machitidwe awa ndi kuchedwa kwa chilimbikitso, nkhawa, kuyanjana ndi anthu, komanso kuletsa kuyankha.

Tsamba ili lili ndi mndandanda wawiri ( 1 ) ndemanga ndi ndemanga zochokera ku sayansi ya ubongo, ndi, ( 2 ) maphunziro a ubongo owunika kapangidwe ka ubongo ndi momwe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti komanso ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ( Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder ).

Mpaka pano, maphunziro onse a ubongo kupatula awiri (osachepera) omwe adafalitsidwa amapereka chithandizo cha mtundu wa chizolowezi choledzera ( palibe maphunziro omwe amanama za mtundu wa chizolowezi choledzera cha zolaula ). Zotsatira za maphunziro a ubongo opitilira 60 awa (ndi maphunziro omwe akubwera ) zikugwirizana ndi mazana a " maphunziro a ubongo" okhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha pa intaneti , ena mwa iwo akuphatikizaponso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Onsewa amatsimikizira mfundo yakuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kungayambitse kusintha kwa ubongo chifukwa cha chizolowezi, monga momwe amachitira maphunziro opitilira 60 omwe amanena za kukwera/kulekerera (chizolowezi) ndi zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kafukufuku wa 2024 uyu akuti, "Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wakale wosonyeza kuti zolaula zili ndi mphamvu zambiri zoledzeretsa chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zamphamvu zokopa chidwi komanso zolimbikitsa chilakolako."

Tsambali limayamba ndi ndemanga ndi ndemanga zaposachedwa zaposachedwa za 35 zokhudzana ndi sayansi ya ubongo (zolembedwa pofika tsiku lofalitsidwa):

Ndemanga za Literature & Commentaries:

1) Sayansi ya Zachiwerewere pa Intaneti: Kubwerezabwereza ndi Kusintha ( Love et al. , 2015) . Kubwerezabwereza kwathunthu kwa mabuku a sayansi okhudzana ndi mitundu ya chizolowezi cha intaneti, makamaka pankhani ya chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti. Kubwerezaku kukufotokozanso za maphunziro awiri a EEG odziwika bwino ndi magulu otsogozedwa ndi Nicole Prause (yemwe amanena zabodza kuti zomwe zapezekazo zikukayikitsa chizolowezi cha zolaula). Zidutswa:

Ambiri amadziwa kuti zizolowezi zingapo zomwe zingakhudze mphotho yoyendayenda mu ubongo waumunthu zimayambitsa kutaya mphamvu ndi zizindikiritso zina za chizoloŵezi mwa anthu ena. Ponena za kuledzera kwa intaneti, kafukufuku wamaganizo amatsutsana ndi lingaliro lakuti machitidwe a neural ali ofanana ndi kusokoneza bongo ... Pakati pa ndemanga iyi, timapereka mwachidule mfundo zomwe zimapangidwira kusokoneza bongo ndikupereka mwachidule za kafukufuku wa sayansi pa intaneti ndi vuto la kusewera kwa intaneti. Komanso, tinayang'ana zofalitsa zopezeka m'magazi pa zolaula zolaula pa intaneti ndikugwirizanitsa zotsatirapo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuwongolera kumatsimikizira kuti kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti zikugwirizana ndi chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa ndipo zimagawana njira zofanana ndizo zowonongeka.

2) Kugonana ndi Matenda: Umboni Wowunikira, Kuzindikira, ndi Kuyankha Otsutsa ( Phillips et al. , 2015) , yomwe imapereka tchati chomwe chimalemba zotsutsa zenizeni za chizolowezi cha zolaula/kugonana, ndikupereka mawu otsutsana nawo.

Monga tawonera m'nkhaniyi, zotsutsa zofala za kugonana monga chizoloŵezi chovomerezeka sizigwira ntchito poyerekeza ndi kayendetsedwe ka magulu a zachipatala ndi asayansi pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Pali umboni wokwanira wasayansi ndi chithandizo cha kugonana komanso6 monga machitidwe ena oti avomerezedwe ngati chizolowezi. Thandizoli likuchokera m'machitidwe angapo ndipo limapereka chiyembekezo chodabwitsa cholandiriradi kusintha pamene tikumvetsetsa bwino vutoli. Zaka makumi angapo za kafukufuku ndi zomwe zikuchitika pazamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi neuroscience zimawulula momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito. Asayansi azindikira njira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chizolowezi choledzeretsa komanso kusiyana pakati paubongo wa anthu omwe ali oledzera komanso omwe sali oledzeretsa, kuwulula zinthu zomwe zimakonda kusokoneza bongo, mosasamala kanthu za chinthu kapena khalidwe. Komabe, padakali kusiyana pakati pa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi kumvetsetsa kwa anthu wamba, mfundo za anthu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo.

3) Chizolowezi cha Kugonana pa Intaneti ( Brand & Laier , 2015) . Zidule:

Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula. Anthu ena amalephera kuthetsa machitidwe awo pa Intaneti komanso amawauza kuti sangagwiritse ntchito njira zawo zogwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti ngakhale atakumana ndi mavuto. M'nkhani zam'mbuyo zatsopano, kugwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti pa Intaneti kumatengedwa ngati mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kafukufuku wina wamakono akufufuzira kufanana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe a cybersex ndi zizoloŵezi zina za makhalidwe, monga Internet Gaming Disorder. Kukonzekera-kukwaniritsa ndi kukhumba kumaonedwa kuti kumachita mbali yaikulu pa kugonana kwa kugonana ndi kugonana. Komanso, njira zogwirira ntchito za chitukuko ndi kukonzanso kuyanjana kwa cybersex makamaka zimakhudza kukhumudwa pakupanga chisankho ndi ntchito zogwira ntchito. Maphunziro a Neuroimaging amachirikiza kuganiza kwa zochitika zogwirizana pakati pa kugonana kwa ma cybersex ndi zina zoledzera komanso kukhala wodalirika.

4) Neurobiology ya Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza: Sayansi Yoyamba ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Zochepa:

Ngakhale kuti sali m'gulu la DSM-5, khalidwe lochita chiwerewere lachiwerewere (CSB) lingapezedwe ku ICD-10 ngati vuto lodziletsa. Komabe, mkangano ulipo ponena za mtundu wa CSB. Kafukufuku wowonjezera amafunika kuti amvetsetse momwe zigawo zogwirira ntchito zimagwirizanirana ndi zofunikira zogonana monga zotsatira za mankhwala a CSB. Kuika chiwerengero cha CSB monga 'chizolowezi chochita chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe' kungakhale ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pa zoyendetsera ndondomeko, zopewera ndi zachipatala ... .. Kupatsidwa zofanana pakati pa CSB ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zowonongeka zingakhale ndi lonjezano la CSB, motero zimapereka chidziwitso cha kafukufuku wopita kukafufuza mwayi uwu mwachindunji.

5) Kodi khalidwe logonana lokakamiza liyenera kuonedwa ngati chizolowezi choledzera? ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Zidule:

Pokhala kumasulidwa kwa DSM-5, vuto lakutchova njuga linakhazikitsidwa ndi mavuto osokoneza bongo. Kusintha kumeneku kunatsutsa zikhulupiliro kuti kuledzera kumachitika mwa kungowonjezera zinthu zomwe zimasintha maganizo ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri njira za ndondomeko, zothandizira ndi zothandizira. Deta imasonyeza kuti kuchita zinthu mopitirira muzochita zina (mwachitsanzo, kusewera, kugonana, kukakamiza kugula) kungagwiritse ntchito zachipatala, zam'thupi, za neurobiological ndi zozizwitsa zomwe zikufanana ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Gawo lina lomwe likusowa kufufuza zambiri limaphatikizapo kulingalira momwe kusintha kwazamakono kungakhudzire makhalidwe a kugonana kwaumunthu. Popeza kuti deta imasonyeza kuti khalidwe la kugonana limathandizidwa kudzera pa intaneti ndi ma foni yamakono, kufufuza kwina kuyenera kulingalira momwe matekinoloje a digito amagwirizanirana ndi CSB (mwachitsanzo, kupanikiza maliseche kumalo oonera zolaula pa Intaneti kapena kugonana) komanso kuchita nawo zolaula zowononga (mwachitsanzo, kugonana kosakwatirana, ogonana ndi amuna ambiri pa nthawi ina).

Zikuphatikizana zilipo pakati pa CSB ndi matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala. Machitidwe omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a neurotransmitter athe kuthandizira CSB ndi matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, ndipo kafukufuku wamakono omwe akuchitika posachedwapa akusonyeza kufanana komwe kumakhudzana ndi chilakolako ndi kukonda. Mankhwala ofanana ndi mankhwala ndi psychotherapeutic angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa CSB ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

6) Maziko a Neurobiological a Hypersexuality ( Kuhn & Gallinat , 2016) . Zidule:

Zizolowezi za makhalidwe komanso makamaka kugonana kwabwino ziyenera kutikumbutsa kuti khalidwe lachiwerewere limadalira moyo wathu wachilengedwe. Kugonana ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri populumuka zamoyo chifukwa ndi njira yoberekera. Choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kugonana kumaonedwa kuti kosangalatsa komanso kulipindulitsa, ndipo ngakhale kuti zingakhale zosokoneza panthawi yomwe kugonana kungayambidwe mwa njira yoopsa komanso yopanda phindu, nthendayi yokhala ndi chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ingakhale yofunikira kwambiri Cholinga chachikulu chofuna anthu .... Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, zikuoneka kuti umboniwu umatanthauza kuti kusintha kwapadera, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, ndi ubongo zomwe zimapanga mphoto zimathandiza kwambiri pa chiwerewere. Kafukufuku wa mafupa ndi njira za njira zachipatala zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa zimasonyeza kuti dopaminergic imagwira ntchito.

7) Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza Monga Chizolowezi Cha Khalidwe: Zotsatira za Intaneti ndi Nkhani Zina ( Griffiths, 2016) . Zidule:

Ndayesetsa kufufuza njira zamakono zosiyana siyana (kutchova njuga, kujambula mavidiyo, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugonana, ntchito, ndi zina zotero) ndipo ndatsutsa kuti njira zina zovuta zogonana zingatchulidwe monga chizolowezi chogonana, malinga ndi malingaliro oledzera ogwiritsidwa ntchito ....

Kaya vuto la chiwerewere limakhala ngati chilakolako chogonana (CSB), chizoloŵezi chogonana ndi / kapena vuto la hypersexual, palinso masauzande ambiri opatsirana maganizo padziko lonse lapansi amene amachititsa mavuto oterowo. Chifukwa chake, umboni wothandiza anthu omwe akuthandiza ndi kuwachitira anthu oyenerawo ayenera kupatsidwa ulemu wambiri ndi anthu odwala matenda a maganizo ....

Mosakayikira chitukuko chofunikira kwambiri m'munda wa CSB komanso chizolowezi chogonana ndi momwe intaneti ikusinthira ndikuwongolera CSB. Izi sizinatchulidwe mpaka gawo lomaliza, komabe kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (pomwe pali zida zazing'ono) zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, kuphatikiza zitsanzo za anthu pafupifupi 10 000. M'malo mwake, pakhala kuwunikiridwa kwaposachedwa kwazomwe zakhala zikuchitika pazakugonana pa intaneti komanso chithandizo. Izi zafotokozera zambiri pa intaneti zomwe zitha kuyambitsa ndikulimbikitsa zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere (kupezeka, kuthekera, kusadziwika, mwayi, kuthawa, kudziletsa, etc.).

8) Kufufuza Kumveka Bwino mu Madzi Oda: Zomwe Zidzaganiziridwe M'tsogolo Pogawa Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza Ngati Chizolowezi Choledzera ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Zidule:

Posachedwapa tafufuza umboni wosiyanitsa khalidwe lachiwerewere (CSB) monga chizoloŵezi chosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kuwunika kwathu kunapeza kuti CSB inagwirizana ndi matenda, neurobiological ndi zochitika zofanana ndi matenda ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ....

Ngakhale kuti American Psychiatric Association inakana matenda a hypersexual kuchokera ku DSM-5, matenda a CSB (kugonana kwambiri) akhoza kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ICD-10. CSB ikuyang'aniranso ndi ICD-11, ngakhale kuti kumapeto kwake kulibe umboni. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kupitiriza kulimbikitsa chidziwitso ndi kulimbitsa dongosolo lomvetsa bwino CSB ndikumasulira mfundozi kuti zikhale ndi ndondomeko yowonjezereka, kupewa, kupatsirana, komanso njira zamankhwala zochepetsera zotsatira zoipa za CSB.

9) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Ndemanga Yokhala ndi Malipoti a Zachipatala ( Park et al ., 2016) . Ndemanga yozama ya mabuku okhudzana ndi mavuto ogonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula. Pophatikiza madokotala 7 a US Navy ndi Gary Wilson, ndemangayi imapereka deta yaposachedwa yomwe ikuwonetsa kukwera kwakukulu kwa mavuto ogonana a achinyamata. Ikuwunikiranso maphunziro a mitsempha okhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha zolaula ndi kugonana kudzera pa zolaula za pa intaneti. Madokotala amapereka malipoti atatu azachipatala a amuna omwe adayambitsa mavuto ogonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula. Pepala lachiwiri la 2016 lolembedwa ndi Gary Wilson likufotokoza kufunika kophunzira zotsatira za zolaula poletsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula: Kuchotsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Povumbulutsa Zotsatira Zake (2016) . Zidule:

Zinthu zachikhalidwe zomwe poyamba zinalongosola zovuta za kugonana kwa amuna zimawoneka zosakwanira kuti ziwerengere chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa erectile, kuchedwa kuthamangitsidwa, kuchepetsa kugonana kwachigonjetso, ndi kuchepetsa kukhumudwa pakati pa kugonana pakati pa amuna pansi pa 40. Ndemanga iyi (1) imalingalira deta kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuchipatala, matenda (uledzere / urology), maganizo (kugonana), zachikhalidwe; ndipo (2) imapereka malipoti okhudzana ndi zachipatala, onse ndi cholinga chopangira njira yothetsera kafukufuku wamtsogolo. Kusinthika kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka ubongo kumafufuzidwa ngati njira yothetsera malingaliro okhudzana ndi zolaula.

Ndemanga iyi ikuwunikiranso zaumboni wosonyeza kuti zolaula za intaneti zitha kupezeka paliponse (zopanda malire, zitha kupezeka mosavuta pazinthu zowonjezereka, makanema amakanema, ndi zina zambiri) zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kukondana ndi zolaula zapa intaneti zomwe sizimasinthika kukhala zenizeni -Amunthu wokhala pachibwenzi, kuti zogonana ndi omwe akukondana nawo asalembetse monga ziyembekezo zamisonkhano zikukhalira. Malipoti azachipatala amati kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zina kumakhala kokwanira kusintha zolakwika, kutsimikizira kufunika kofufuzidwa kwakukulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa intaneti.

3.4. Mafilimu Okhudzana ndi Mafilimu Okhudza Zithunzi Zolaula-Mavuto Okhudza Kugonana: Timaganiza kuti zolaula-zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto okhudza kugonana zimaphatikizapo kukhumudwa komanso kusakhudzidwa muchitidwe cha ubongo [72, 129] ndi neural correlates ya aliyense, kapena zonsezi, zapezeka mu kafukufuku waposachedwapa pa oonera zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti [31, 48, 52, 53, 54, 86, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134].

10) Kuphatikiza Maganizo a Zamaganizo ndi Zamaganizo Okhudza Kukula ndi Kusunga Matenda Enaake Ogwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti: Kuyanjana kwa Chitsanzo cha Munthu ndi Kukhudzidwa ndi Kuzindikira ( Brand et al. , 2016) . Kuwunikanso njira zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko ndi kusunga matenda enaake ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti, kuphatikizapo "vuto loonera zolaula pa intaneti". Olembawo akuti chizolowezi choonera zolaula (ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti) ziyenera kugawidwa ngati matenda ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti ndikuyikidwa pamodzi ndi zizolowezi zina zamakhalidwe pansi pa matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati makhalidwe osokoneza bongo.

Ngakhale kuti DSM-5 imayang'ana pa maseŵera a pa intaneti, olemba ambiri amasonyeza kuti anthu ofunafuna chithandizo angagwiritsenso ntchito ma intaneti ena kapena malo addictively ....

Kuchokera mu kafukufuku wamakono, tikupempha kuti tigwiritse ntchito mavuto a intaneti pa ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuposa vuto la intaneti, masewera ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito movuta. Njira imodzi ingaphatikizepo kutsegula nthawi yowonongeka kwa intaneti, yomwe imatha kufotokozedwa poganizira ntchito yoyamba yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, vuto la masewera a pa intaneti, vuto la kutchova njuga pa intaneti, zolaula pa Intaneti, kugwiritsa ntchito matenda, Kusokoneza mauthenga pa intaneti, ndi kugula malonda pa intaneti).

11) Neurobiology ya Chizolowezi Chogonana: Mutu wochokera ku Neurobiology ya Zizolowezi Zoledzeretsa, Oxford Press ( Hilton et al., 2016) - Zolemba:

Timakumbukira chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi cha matenda ozunguza bongo, kuphatikizapo chizoloŵezi chachilengedwe kapena kukakamizidwa, ndikukambirana momwe izi zikukhudzira kumvetsa kwathu tsopano za kugonana monga mphotho yachilengedwe yomwe ingakhale yogwira ntchito "yosamvetseka" pamoyo wa munthu.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti kutanthauzira kwatsopano ndi kumvetsetsa kwa chizolowezi chakumwa kwasintha chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa kwa chidziwitso chokhudza momwe ubongo umaphunzirira ndi zikhumbo. Ngakhale kuti kugonana kwapadera kunkafotokozedwa kale motsatira ndondomeko ya makhalidwe, tsopano ndikuwonanso kudzera mu lens of neuromodulation. Anthu omwe sangathe kumvetsetsa mfundozi akhoza kupitirizabe kugwirizana ndi maganizo awo, koma iwo omwe amatha kumvetsa khalidwe la biology, paradigm yatsopanoyi imapereka tanthawuzo lophatikizana ndi lothandiza la kugonana komwe kumalongosola onse asayansi ndi chipatala.

12) Njira Zasayansi Zothetsera Kukonda Zolaula Pa Intaneti ( Stark & ​​Klucken , 2017) - Zolemba:

Kupezeka kwa zolaula kwakula kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha intaneti. Chifukwa cha izi, abambo amapempha chithandizo nthawi zambiri chifukwa chakuti zolaula zawo mofulumira sizitha kulamulira; Mwachitsanzo, iwo sangathe kuima kapena kuchepetsa khalidwe lawo lovuta ngakhale kuti akukumana ndi zotsatira zoipa .... Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, maphunziro angapo omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu a sayansi, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afufuze zithunzi za zithunzi zolaula pansi pa zochitika zowonongeka ndipo zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zammbuyo, kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula mochuluka kungagwirizane ndi njira zodziŵika bwino za sayansi ya ubongo zomwe zimayambitsa kulumikiza kwa mankhwala oledzera.

Pomalizira, tinalongosola mwachidule maphunzirowo, omwe adafufuzira za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zolaula pamtundu wa neural. Ngakhale kuti palibe kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali, ndizomveka kuti zomwe zimaoneka mwa amuna omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi zotsatira sizingayambitse kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula. Zambiri mwa maphunzirowa zimapereka mphamvu zowonongeka mu dera la mphoto zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa zomwe zikulamulidwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa zochitika zowonongeka ndi mankhwala. Zotsatira zokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa zolaula zomwe zimakhala zochepa pazochitika ndi zolaula zingathe kumasuliridwa ngati chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso cha khalidwe lachiwerewere.

13) Kodi khalidwe logonana mopitirira muyeso ndi vuto loledzera? ( Potenza et al. , 2017) – Zidule:

Matenda osokoneza bongo (ogwiritsidwa ntchito monga vuto la hypersexual) ankaonedwa kuti alowetsedwa mu DSM-5 koma pamapeto pake sanatulukidwe, ngakhale kuti anali ndi mayeso oyenerera ndi kuyesedwa. Kulekerera kumeneku kwaletsa kuletsa, kufufuza, ndi kuyesa, ndikusiya asing'anga opanda chidziwitso chothetsera vuto la chiwerewere.

Kafukufuku mu neurobiology yokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kumakhudzidwa kwambiri kwapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zokhudzana ndi chidwi cha anthu, malingaliro othandizira, komanso kubwereza komwe kumachokera mu ubongo komwe kumapangitsa kufanana kwakukulu ndi zizolowezi. Kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe azakugonana kukufunidwa ngati vuto loteteza anthu ku ICD-11, yogwirizana ndi malingaliro omwe akukhumba, kupitilizabe chibwenzi ngakhale zotsatirapo zoyipa, kuchitapo kanthu mokakamizidwa, ndikuchepetsedwa kwa chiwonetsero kumayimira zochitika zazikulu zamavuto-oyendetsa.

Kuwona kumeneku kungakhale koyenera kwa zovuta zina za DSM-IV zothetsera, makamaka njuga zamatenda. Komabe, zinthuzi zidaganiziridwa kuti ndizofunikira pazokonda, ndipo pakusintha kuchokera ku DSM-IV kupita ku DSM-5, gawo la Impulse Control Disways Not Pese Pomwe Gulu Lophatikizidwa lidakonzedwanso, pomwe njuga zam'magazi zidasinthidwa ndikusinthidwanso ngati vuto losokoneza bongo. Pakadali pano, tsamba la ICD-11 lolemba beta limatchulapo zovuta zoletsa, ndipo limaphatikizapo kukakamiza kugona mchitidwe wogonana, pyromania, kleptomania, ndi vuto lophulika pang'onopang'ono.

Matenda opatsirana okhudzana ndi kugonana akuwoneka kuti akugwirizana bwino ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe akuperekedwa kwa ICD-11, mogwirizana ndi nthawi yochepetsera kugonana yomwe ikufunidwa pofuna kusokoneza vuto la kugonana pa tsamba la ICD-11. Timakhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana monga matenda ozunguza bongo akugwirizana ndi deta yam'tsogolo ndipo akhoza kuthandiza madokotala, ochita kafukufuku, komanso anthu omwe akuvutika ndi matendawa.

14) Neurobiology ya Kusuta Zolaula - Ndemanga yachipatala ( De Sousa & Lodha , 2017) - Zolemba:

Kuwunika kumayang'ana koyambirira pa zoyenera zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo ndi dera lopindulitsa komanso zochitika zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vuto lililonse. Chotsatiracho chimasinthira ku zolaula zolaula ndi maphunziro omwe amachitika pa matenda a ubongo wa mkhalidwewo. Udindo wa dopamine mu zolaula zolaula umawerengedwa pamodzi ndi udindo wa ziwalo zina za ubongo monga momwe zikuwonetsedwera pa maphunziro a MRI. Maphunziro a FMRI okhudzana ndi kugonana kwachiwonetsero akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti aphunzire za sayansi yotsalira ntchito zowonongeka komanso zomwe zafukufukuwa zikufotokozedwa. Zotsatira za chizoloŵezi cholaula zolaula pazochita zapamwamba zoganizira komanso ntchito yoyendetsera ntchito ikugogomezedwanso.

Zonsezi, zida za 59 zinazindikiranso zomwe zinaphatikizapo ndemanga, ndemanga za mini ndi zolemba zoyambirira zofufuza pa zolaula, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso matenda a ubongo. Mapepala a kafukufuku omwe anawongosoledwa apa anali okhudzana ndi zomwe zinawonekera kuti zikhale zovuta zolaula. Tinaphatikizapo maphunziro omwe anali ndi kukula kwakukulu kwazitsanzo ndi njira zogwira ntchito ndi kufufuza koyenera. Panali maphunziro ena ndi ocheperapo ophunzira, zochitika zowonjezera, malipoti a nkhani ndi maphunziro apamwamba omwe adawerengedwanso pa pepala ili. Olemba onsewo adayang'ana mapepala onse ndi omwe ali ofunikira kwambiri adasankhidwa kuti apindule. Izi zinaonjezeredwa ndi zochitika zachipatala za olemba omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi odwala kumene kuwonetsa zolaula ndi kuwona ndi chizindikiro chowopsya. Olembawo ali ndi zochitika za psychotherapeutic ndi odwala awa omwe awonjezera phindu la kumvetsa kwa ubongo.

15) Umboni wa Pudding Uli mu Kulawa: Deta Ikufunika Poyesa Zitsanzo ndi Malingaliro Okhudzana ndi Makhalidwe Ogonana Okakamiza ( Gola & Potenza , 2018) - Zidule:

Monga tafotokozera kwina (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a ), pali kuchuluka kwa mabuku ofalitsidwa pa CSB, kufika pa 11,400 mu 2015. Komabe, mafunso ofunikira okhudza lingaliro la CSB sanayankhidwebe (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017 ). Zingakhale zofunikira kuganizira momwe DSM ndi International Classification of Diseases (ICD) zimagwirira ntchito ponena za njira zofotokozera ndi kugawa magulu. Pochita izi, tikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri pa vuto la kutchova juga (lomwe limadziwikanso kuti pathological gambling) ndi momwe linaganiziridwira mu DSM-IV ndi DSM-5 (komanso mu ICD-10 ndi ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera). Mu DSM-IV, kutchova juga kwa matenda kunagawidwa ngati "Impulse-Control Disorder Not Everywhere Classified." Mu DSM-5, linasinthidwa kukhala "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder."…. Njira yofananayo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa CSB, yomwe pakadali pano ikuganiziridwa kuti iphatikizidwe ngati vuto lolamulira kusokonezeka kwa ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014 ; Kraus et al., 2018 )….

Pakati pa madera omwe angasonyeze kufanana pakati pa CSB ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndi maphunziro okhudza ubongo, ndipo maphunziro angapo aposachedwa sanatchulidwe ndi Walton et al. ( 2017 ). Maphunziro oyamba nthawi zambiri ankafufuza CSB ponena za mitundu ya chizolowezi (yowunikidwa mu Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b ; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016b ). Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino—chiphunzitso cha kulimbikitsira (Robinson & Berridge, 1993 )—chimati mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi, zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zolimbikitsira ndikuyambitsa chilakolako. Machitidwe oterewa angagwirizane ndi kuyambitsa kwa madera a ubongo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kukonza mphotho, kuphatikizapo ventral striatum. Ntchito zowunikira momwe cue imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe mphotho imagwirira ntchito zingasinthidwe kuti zifufuze kudziwika kwa zizindikiro (monga ndalama poyerekeza ndi zachiwerewere) kwa magulu enaake (Sescousse, Barbalat, Domenech, & Dreher, 2013 ), ndipo posachedwapa tagwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi kuti tiphunzire chitsanzo chachipatala (Gola et al., 2017 ).

Tidapeza kuti anthu omwe akufuna chithandizo chamankhwala ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, poyerekeza ndi zaka (zaka, jenda, ndalama, chipembedzo, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi, zogonana), ziwonetsero zoyenera, zawonetsa kukhudzidwanso kwakukulu kwa zochitika zolaula. mphotho, koma osati zolumikizana nazo osati za ndalama ndi mphotho. Njira yodabwitsanso ubongo imagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cholimbikitsa chidwi ndipo chikuwonetsa kuti gawo lofunikira la CSB likhoza kukhudzanso kubwereza kapena kulakalaka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi malingaliro andale omwe amayambitsidwa poyambira zokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana.

Deta yowonjezera ikusonyeza kuti ma circuits ena a ubongo ndi njira zake zitha kukhala ndi gawo mu CSB, ndipo izi zitha kuphatikizapo anterior cingulate, hippocampus ndi amygdala (Banca et al., 2016 ; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ). Pakati pa izi, taganiza kuti dera lowonjezera la amygdala lomwe limakhudzana ndi reactivity yayikulu ya ziwopsezo ndi nkhawa lingakhale lofunika kwambiri pazachipatala (Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015 ; Gola & Potenza, 2016 ) kutengera zomwe zapezeka kuti anthu ena a CSB ali ndi nkhawa yayikulu (Gola et al., 2017 ) ndi zizindikiro za CSB zitha kuchepetsedwa limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa mankhwala mu nkhawa (Gola & Potenza, 2016 )…

16) Kulimbikitsa maphunziro, magulu, chithandizo, ndi ndondomeko Ndemanga pa: Matenda okakamiza kugonana mu ICD-11 ( Kraus et al ., 2018) - Buku lothandizira matenda padziko lonse lapansi, The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), lili ndi matenda atsopano oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula: "Matenda Okakamiza Kugonana ." Zidule:

Kwa anthu ambiri omwe amakumana ndi zovuta kapena kulephera kosalekeza poletsa zilakolako zakugonana kapena zilakolako zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azichita zinthu zogonana zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuvutika kapena kufooka kwakukulu m'magawo awo, m'banja, pagulu, pamaphunziro, pantchito, kapena m'malo ena ofunikira pakugwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutchula ndikuzindikira vuto lawo. Ndikofunikiranso kuti opereka chithandizo (monga madokotala ndi alangizi) omwe anthu angapemphe thandizo kwa iwo azidziwa bwino ma CSB. Pa maphunziro athu okhudzana ndi anthu opitilira 3,000 omwe akufuna chithandizo cha CSB, takhala tikumva kuti anthu omwe akudwala CSB amakumana ndi zopinga zambiri akamafunafuna thandizo kapena akamalankhula ndi asing'anga ( Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2016 ).

Odwala akuti othandizira atha kupewa mutuwo, anene kuti mavutowo kulibe, kapena anganene kuti wina ali ndi vuto lalikulu logonana, ndipo akuyenera kuvomera m'malo mochiza (ngakhale kuti anthuwa, ma CSB akhoza kumverera kuti ali ndi vuto ndi kutsogolera) Zotsatira zingapo zoyipa). Tikukhulupirira kuti njira zofotokozedwera bwino za vuto la CSB zimalimbikitsa kuyesayesa kwamaphunziro kuphatikiza kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ophunzitsira momwe angayesere ndi kuchitira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la CSB. Tikukhulupirira kuti mapulogalamu ngati awa akhale gawo la maphunziro othandizira azachipatala, azamisala, komanso othandizira ena othandizira odwala matenda amisala, komanso othandizira ena ophatikiza othandizira oyambira, monga madokotala a generalist.

Mafunso oyambira okhudza momwe angaganizire bwino matenda a CSB ndikupereka chithandizo chogwira mtima ayenera kuyankhidwa. Lingaliro lamakono logawa matenda a CSB ngati matenda oletsa kutengeka ndi lotsutsana chifukwa mitundu ina yaperekedwa ( Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013 ). Pali deta yomwe ikusonyeza kuti CSB imagawana zinthu zambiri ndi zizolowezi ( Kraus et al., 2016 ), kuphatikizapo deta yaposachedwa yomwe ikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa reactivity ya madera a ubongo okhudzana ndi mphotho poyankha zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi zolimbikitsa zachiwerewere ( Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016 ; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016 ; Gola et al., 2017 ; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ).

Kuphatikiza apo, deta yoyambirira ikusonyeza kuti naltrexone, mankhwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda obwera chifukwa cha mowa ndi opioid, angathandize pochiza ma CSB ( Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015 ; Raymond, Grant, & Coleman, 2010 ). Ponena za gulu la matenda a CSB lomwe likuperekedwa ngati vuto lolamulira malingaliro, pali deta yomwe ikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe akufuna chithandizo cha mtundu umodzi wa matenda a CSB, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta, samasiyana pankhani ya kulakalaka kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri. M'malo mwake amawonetsedwa ndi nkhawa yowonjezereka ( Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015 ; Gola et al., 2017 ), ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala chokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za nkhawa chingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro zina za CSB ( Gola & Potenza, 2016 ). Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kupeza mfundo zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kugawa magulu, deta yambiri ikuwoneka kuti ikuchirikiza kugawa magulu ngati vuto loledzera poyerekeza ndi vuto lolamulira malingaliro ( Kraus et al., 2016 ), ndipo kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti aunike ubale ndi matenda ena amisala ( Potenza et al., 2017 ).

17) Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza mwa Anthu ndi Zitsanzo Zoyambirira (2018) - Zolemba:

Khalidwe lachiwerewere lachiwerewere (CSB) likuwoneka kuti ndi "khalidwe loledzera," ndipo ndilo vuto lalikulu kwa moyo wa umoyo komanso thanzi labwino. Komabe, CSB yachedwa kuchepetsedwa ngati matenda opatsirana. CSB imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana komanso mavuto osokoneza bongo, ndipo kafukufuku wamakono akusonyeza kuti matenda a neural pathologies ndi ogawanirana kapena ophatikizana, makamaka m'madera a ubongo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala olimbikitsana komanso oletsa kulamulira. Maphunziro a kachipatala akuyang'anitsitsa akutsatiridwa omwe atha kusintha kayendedwe kake ndi / kapena ntchito ku prefrontal cortex, amygdala, striatum, ndi thalamus mwa anthu omwe akudwala CSB. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha maphunziro a CSB pa makoswe amphongo akukambidwa ndikupanga ndondomeko ya chiwopsezo kuti ayesetse kufunafuna khalidwe la chiwerewere ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake siziwoneka bwino.

Chifukwa chakuti CSB imagawana makhalidwe ndi zovuta zina, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuyerekezera kwa masewero a CSB, ndi maphunziro osokoneza bongo, zingakhale zothandiza kuzindikira kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zoonadi, kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza njira zofanana zogwiritsira ntchito maukonde ndi zogwirizanitsa mkati mwazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku CSB komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo [87-89].

Pomalizira, ndemangayi inafotokozera mwachidule maphunziro ndi zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu pa CSB komanso kusokonezeka ndi mavuto ena, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pamodzi, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti CSB imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kogwiritsidwa ntchito kogwiritsidwa ntchito kogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amygdala, striatum, ndi thalamus, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kugwirizana pakati pa amygdala ndi prefrontal cortex. Komanso, chitsanzo choyenera cha CSB mu makoswe aamuna chidafotokozedwa, kuphatikizapo umboni watsopano wa kusintha kwa neural mu mPFC ndi OFC zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kutayika koletsa kugonana. Chitsanzo chokhazikikachi chimapereka mpata wapadera woyesera malingaliro ofunikira kuti azindikire zowonongeka ndi zifukwa zenizeni za CSB ndi kuyanjana ndi mavuto ena.

18) Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Kugonana mu Nthawi ya Intaneti (2018) - Chidule:

Chikhumbo chochepa chogonana, kukhutitsidwa kocheperako pakugonana, ndi kusokonekera kwa erectile (ED) kukuchulukirachulukira mwa achinyamata. Pakafukufuku waku Italy kuyambira 2013, mpaka 25% ya odwala omwe anali ndi ED anali osakwana zaka 40 [1], ndipo kafukufuku wofananira yemwe adalembedwa mu 2014, woposa theka la abambo aku Canada azaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 21 anali ndi vuto linalake lachiwerewere [2]. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa moyo wopanda thanzi womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi organic ED sikunasinthe kwambiri kapena kuchepa m'zaka makumi zapitazi, ndikuwonetsa kuti psychogenic ED ikukwera [3].

DSM-IV-TR imatanthauzira mikhalidwe ina yokhala ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi, monga kutchova njuga, kugula malonda, kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwerewere, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masewera apakanema, ngati "vuto losalamulirika lomwe silinafotokozeredwe kwina" - ngakhale zambiri izi zimawonetsedwa ngati zikhalidwe zosokoneza bongo [4 ]. Kafukufuku waposachedwa apereka lingaliro lamakhalidwe azokakamiza pakugonana: kusintha kwa njira za neurobiological zomwe zimakhudzana ndikuyankha kugonana zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zoyambitsidwa mobwerezabwereza, zoyambira zazikulu zosiyanasiyana.

Pakati pa zizoloŵezi zoipa, kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti molakwika ndi kuwonetsa zolaula pa Intaneti zimatchulidwa kuti zingakhale zovuta zowononga kugonana, nthawi zambiri popanda malire enieni pakati pa zochitika ziwirizi. Ogwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti amakopeka ndi zolaula pa intaneti chifukwa cha kudziwika kwake, kukwanitsa, ndi kukwaniritsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kungapangitse owerenga kugwiritsa ntchito chizoloŵezi cha kugonana ndi anthu pa Intaneti: M'mabuku amenewa, ogwiritsa ntchito amaiwala kwambiri "kusintha" kwa kugonana, kupeza chisangalalo chochulukira pa zosankha zofuna kugonana zofuna kugonana kusiyana ndi kugonana.

M'mabuku, ofufuza sagwirizana ndi ntchito zabwino ndi zoipa zolaula pa Intaneti. Kuchokera kumbali yolakwika, imayimira chikonzero chachikulu cha khalidwe lachinyengo, chizoloŵezi chogonana, komanso erectile dysfunction.

19) Njira zodziwira matenda amisala mu vuto la khalidwe logonana mokakamiza (2018) - Zolemba:

Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wochuluka wokhudzana ndi chiwerewere wakhala akupereka njira zowonongeka zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azigonana komanso asamadwale. Mchitidwe wogonana mwachinyengo umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa ntchito m'madera a ubongo ndi magulu okhudzidwa ndi kuwalimbikitsa, kuzoloŵera, kusokoneza maganizo, ndi kupindula mphoto muzochitika ngati zinthu, kutchova juga, ndi zizoloŵezi zosewera. Zigawo zazikulu za ubongo zogwirizana ndi zigawo za CSB zikuphatikizapo ma cortices oyang'anizana ndi am'mbuyo, amygdala, ndi striatum, kuphatikizapo nucleus accumbens.

CSBD yaphatikizidwa mu mtundu waposachedwa wa ICD-11 ngati vuto lolamulira zinthu zosafunikira [39]. Monga momwe bungwe la WHO linafotokozera, 'Matenda olamulira zinthu zosafunikira amadziwika ndi kulephera mobwerezabwereza kukana chilakolako, chilakolako, kapena chilakolako chochita chinthu chomwe chimapindulitsa munthuyo, osachepera kwakanthawi kochepa, ngakhale zotsatira zake monga kuvulaza munthuyo kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kwa ena, kuvutika maganizo chifukwa cha khalidwe lake, kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mabanja, m'magulu, m'maphunziro, kuntchito, kapena m'magawo ena ofunikira pantchito' [39]. Zomwe zapezeka pano zikubweretsa mafunso ofunikira okhudza kugawa kwa CSBD. Matenda ambiri omwe amadziwika ndi kulephera kulamulira zinthu zosafunikira amagawidwa kwina mu ICD-11 (mwachitsanzo, kutchova juga, masewera, ndi matenda ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagawidwa ngati matenda osokoneza bongo) [123].

20) Kumvetsetsa Kwatsopano kwa Sayansi ya Khalidwe la Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugonana ndi Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Kugonana (2018) - Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wam'mbuyo posachedwapa wavumbula kuti kugonana kosayenera kumagwirizanitsa ndi kusintha kwa kugonana ndi kusiyana kwa ubongo ndi ntchito.

Zomwe taphunzira mwachidule muzowonjezera zathu zimaphatikizapo zofanana ndi zizoloŵezi zokhudzana ndi khalidwe ndi zakuthupi, zomwe zimagawana zambiri zolakwika zomwe zapezeka kwa CSBD (monga momwe zikuwonzedwera mu [127]). Ngakhale kuti silingathe kufotokozedwa ndi lipoti laposachedwapa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi khalidwe lachikhalidwe amadziwika ndi kusintha kwachidwi komwe kumawongolera mwachindunji, zoyenera kuchita, ndi zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo (zochitika mwachidule ndi ndemanga: [128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133]; mowa: [134, 135]; cocaine: [136, 137]; fodya: [138, 139]; njuga: [140, 141]; masewera: [142, 143]). Zotsatira zokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito zogwirira ntchito zimasonyeza kufanana pakati pa CSBD ndi zina zoledzeretsa [144, 145].

Ngakhale kuti maphunziro ofufuza a khungu la CSBD akhala akuchitidwa mpaka pano, deta yomwe ilipo imasonyeza kuti vuto la nthenda ya sayansi limagwirizana nawo ndi zina zowonjezera monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kutchova njuga. Motero, deta yomwe ilipo ikusonyeza kuti zigawo zake zingakhale zoyenera monga chizolowezi chogonana m'malo mwa vuto lodziletsa.

21) Kubwerezabwereza kwa Ventral Striatal mu Machitidwe Ogonana Okakamiza (2018) - Zolemba:

Makhalidwe Ogonana Okakamiza (CSB) ndi chifukwa chofunafuna chithandizo. Popeza izi ndi zoona, chiwerengero cha maphunziro pa CSB chawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi ndipo Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) linaphatikizapo CSB mu lingaliro lake la ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera…… Malinga ndi malingaliro athu, ndikofunikira kufufuza ngati CSB ingasiyanitsidwe m'magulu awiri omwe amadziwika ndi: (1) machitidwe ogonana olamulira anthu, ndi (2) machitidwe olamulira ogonana okhaokha komanso kuonera zolaula ( 48 , 49 ).

Kuchuluka kwa maphunziro omwe alipo pa CSB (ndi anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi) kukuchulukirachulukira. Pakati pa maphunziro omwe alipo pano, tidatha kupeza zofalitsa zisanu ndi zinayi (Gome 1 ) zomwe zidagwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa maginito ogwirira ntchito. Zinayi zokha mwa izi ( 36-39 ) zidafufuza mwachindunji momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito komanso/kapena mphotho zimagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zapezeka zokhudzana ndi kuyambitsa kwa ventral striatum. Maphunziro atatu akuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa reactivity ya ventral striatal chifukwa cha zinthu zokopa ( 36-39 ) kapena zinthu zomwe zikuneneratu zinthu zokopa ( 36-39 ). Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi Incentive Salience Theory (IST) ( 28 ), imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zomwe zimafotokoza momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito mu chizolowezi. Chithandizo chokhacho cha njira ina yophunzitsira yomwe imaneneratu kuti ventral striatum mu chizolowezi sichimachitika, RDS theory ( 29 , 30 ), imachokera ku kafukufuku wina ( 37 ), pomwe anthu omwe ali ndi CSB adawonetsa kuyambitsidwa kwa ventral striatal kotsika chifukwa cha zinthu zosangalatsa poyerekeza ndi zowongolera.

22) Chizolowezi cha Zolaula Pa intaneti: Zimene Tikudziwa ndi Zimene Sitikudziwa—Ndemanga Yadongosolo (2019) – Zidule:

M'zaka zochepa zapitazi, pakhala pali funde lazinthu zokhudzana ndi zizolowezi zikhalidwe; ena mwa iwo amayang'ana kwambiri zolaula za pa intaneti. Komabe, ngakhale kuyesetsa konse, tikulephera kudziwa pomwe kuchita izi kukuchitika. Mavuto omwe amapezeka ndi monga: kukondera mwachitsanzo, kusaka zida zothandizira kuzindikira, kutsutsana koyenerana ndi nkhaniyi, komanso kuti chinthuchi chitha kuzunguliridwa mkati mwa njira yayikulu kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo) omwe amatha kupezeka ndi chizindikiro chosiyana kwambiri. Zokonda zamakhalidwe ophunzitsira zimakhala gawo lopanda maphunziro, ndipo nthawi zambiri limawonetsa mtundu wamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito: kuwongolera, kuwonongeka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ngozi.

Hypersexual disc imakwanira pamfanizoli ndipo imatha kupangidwa ndi zochitika zingapo zogonana, monga zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pa intaneti (POPU). Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kukukulira, ndipo kukhoza kutengera vuto la "katatu" "(kupezeka, kuthekera, kudziwika). Kugwiritsa ntchito kovuta kumeneku kukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa mukulimbikitsa kugonana komanso kuchita zogonana, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata.

Monga momwe tikudziwira, kafukufuku wina wam'mbuyomu akuthandizira gululi kukhala chidakwa ndi mawonetseredwe ofunikira ofunikira monga kusokonezeka kwa kugonana ndi kusakhutira kwa kugonana. Ntchito zambiri zomwe zikupezekapo zimachokera ku kafukufuku wofanana ndi wochitidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro owonetsa zithunzi zolaula monga "supranormal stimulus" mofanana ndi chinthu chenichenicho chomwe, kupyolera mukudya, chingayambitse matenda osokoneza bongo. Komabe, malingaliro monga kulekerera ndi kudziletsa sizinakhazikitsidwe mokwanira kuti ziyenera kulemba kuledzeretsa, ndipo motero ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kafukufuku wamtsogolo. Pakali pano, gulu lachidziwitso lomwe limaphatikizapo khalidwe la kugonana laphatikizidwa ku ICD-11 chifukwa cha zomwe akufunikira panopa, ndipo zitha kukhala zothandiza kuthetsa odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe amapempha madokotala kuti awathandize.

23) Kupezeka ndi chitukuko cha chizolowezi choonera zolaula pa intaneti: zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi vuto la kugonana, njira zolimbitsa thupi komanso njira zolumikizirana ndi ubongo (2019) - Zolemba:

Kuyamba ndi kukulitsa kwa chizolowezi cha cybersex chili ndi magawo awiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe othandizira. Choyamba, anthu nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti chifukwa cha zosangalatsa ndi chidwi. Pa siteji iyi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa intaneti kumapangidwa mozikondweretsa pogonana ndipo Zotsatira mumawonekedwe apakale, zimawonjezeranso chidwi cha zomwe zimalumikizana ndi cybersex zomwe zimayambitsa kulakalaka kwambiri. Mavuto omwe amakumana nawo payekha amakonzanso chidwi cha zochitika zokhudzana ndi cybersex. Pachigawo chachiwiri, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito cybersex pafupipafupi kukhutiritsa zilakolako zawo zogonana kapena Pazinthu izi, mkati mwazinthu zokhudzana ndi cybersex monga kuyembekezera kwabwino kwa cybersex ndi njira zopirira ngati kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuthana ndi malingaliro osalimbikitsa ndizolimbikitsidwa. ndi chizolowezi cha cybersex monga narcissism, kufunafuna chilakolako chogonana, chisangalalo chogonana, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosagonana kumagwiranso bwino ntchito, pomwe zovuta zaumunthu wamba monga mantha, kudziona wotsika ndi psychopathologies monga kukhumudwa, nkhawa ndizolimbikitsidwa.

Zofooka zogwira ntchito zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali pa cybersex. Kuchita kwa mkulu ntchito zoperewera ndi kukhumba kwambiri kumalimbikitsa kukulitsa ndi kukonza Kwa cybersex. Ofufuza omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamaubongo makamaka kuphunzirira chizolowezi cha cybersex adapeza kuti zizolowezi za cybersex zimatha kukulira kulakalaka kwamphamvu kwa cybersex ikakumana ndi zilonda zokhudzana ndi cybersex, koma zimamva kucheperachepera komanso zosasangalatsa mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Kafukufuku amapereka umboni wa kulakalaka kwambiri komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi miyambo yokhudzana ndi cybersex komanso ntchito yodwala.

Pomaliza, anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti sangathe kuyimitsa chilakolako chogonana pa intaneti mwachidwi chifukwa chofuna kuchita zogonana pa intaneti komanso operewera, koma samakhutira ndikamagwiritsa ntchito, ndikufufuza zolaula zambiri pa intaneti pakuwononga nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri. Akachepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito intaneti kapena kungosiya, amatha kudwala mavuto osiyanasiyana monga kukhumudwa, kuda nkhawa, kusokonekera, kusowa chilakolako chogonana.

24) Malingaliro, kupewa, ndi kuchiza matenda okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (2019) - Zolemba:

Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta, aphatikizidwa ku ICD-11 ngati chisokonezo cholamulira chisokonezo. Njira zodziwitsira za matendawa, komabe, ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka chifukwa cha zizolowezi zoipa, mwachitsanzo, zochitika zachiwerewere zobwereza zimakhala gawo lalikulu pamoyo wamunthu, zoyesayesa zopanda pake zakuchepetsa machitidwe abwenzi ogonana ndikupitilizabe kuchita zadama. mukukumana ndi zoyipa (WHO, 2019). Ofufuza ambiri ndi akatswiri azachipatala amanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kumatha kuonedwa ngati chizolowezi chakhalidwe.

Kuchita zofanananso ndi kukhumba kophatikizana ndi kuchepetsedwa kudziwongolera, kuzindikira zodziwika bwino (mwachitsanzo, zizolowezi) ndi kukhutitsidwa ndikulipidwa kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwawonetsedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kafukufuku wa Neurosciology amatsimikizira kukhudzidwa kwa magawo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bongo, kuphatikiza ma ventral striatum ndi mbali zina za fronto-striatal loops, pakukonza ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta. Malipoti a milandu ndi kafukufuku wotsimikizira-za malingaliro akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kulowererapo kwa zamankhwala, mwachitsanzo, opioid antagonist naltrexone, pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso vuto lokakamiza pa kugonana.

Kulingalira kwa malingaliro ndi umboni wamphamvu kumawonetsa kuti njira zamaganizidwe ndi mitsempha zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zovuta zowonjezereka ndizothandizanso pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

25) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Zovuta Zodziona: Chitsanzo Chophatikiza Kuchokera ku Zofunikira Zofufuza ndi Malingaliro Achilengedwe (2019) - Zolemba Zina

Kugwiritsa ntchito mwazovuta zolaula kumawoneka ngati kogwirizana ndi magawo angapo osanthula ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana munyama. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka mkati mwa RDoC paradigm zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndizotheka kupanga mawonekedwe ogwirizana omwe magawo osiyanasiyana a kusanthula amakhudzana wina ndi mzake (mkuyu. 1). Zikuwoneka kuti ma dopamine okwera kwambiri, omwe amapezeka pakachitidwe kwachilengedwe kwa mphotho yokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana ndi orgasm, amasokoneza kayendedwe ka VTA-NAc mwa anthu omwe anena lipoti la SPPPU. Kuchulukitsa kumeneku kumabweretsa kuyambitsa kwakukulu kwa njira yamalipiro ndikuwonjezereka kwamachitidwe okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kulimbikitsa njira yothandizira pazinthu zolaula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dopamine mu nucleus accumbens.

Kuwonetserabe zolaula zomwe zikuchitika mwachangu komanso zosavuta kuzipeza zikuwoneka kuti kumayambitsa kusamvana mu mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Dopamine yochulukirayi imayambitsa njira zotulutsira GABA, ndikupanga dynorphin ngati chinthu, chomwe chimaletsa ma dopamine neurons. Dopamine ikachepa, acetylcholine imamasulidwa ndipo imatha kubweretsa vuto (Hoebel et al. 2007), ndikupanga mphotho yoyipa yomwe imapezeka mgawo lachiwiri la mitundu ya zosokoneza bongo. Kusiyanaku kumalumikizananso ndikusintha kuchoka ku njira zopewera kupewa, zomwe zimawonedwa ndi anthu omwe amafotokoza zolaula zovuta…. Kusintha uku kwamachitidwe amkati ndi machitidwe pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi SPPPU ndi ofanana ndi omwe amawonedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo, ndipo amalemba mapangidwe azinthu zosokoneza bongo (Love et al. 2015).

26) Chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti: chithunzithunzi cha chitukuko ndi chithandizo cha matenda atsopano (2020) - Zidule:

Kuledzera kwa cybersex ndichizolowezi chosagwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugonana pa intaneti. Masiku ano, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi kugonana kapena zolaula zimapezeka mosavuta kudzera pa intaneti. Ku Indonesia, zogonana nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zolaula koma achinyamata ambiri amakhala ndi zolaula. Zimatha kuyambitsa chizolowezi chokhala ndi zovuta zambiri pa ogwiritsa ntchito, monga maubale, ndalama, komanso mavuto amisala monga nkhawa yayikulu komanso nkhawa.

27) Ndi Mikhalidwe Iti Yomwe Iyenera Kuonedwa Ngati Matenda mu International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) Kutchulidwa kwa "Matenda Ena Odziwika Chifukwa cha Makhalidwe Osokoneza Bongo"? (2020) - Ndemanga ya akatswiri okonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula imatsimikiza kuti vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi vuto lomwe liyenera kupezeka ndi gulu la ICD-11 "matenda ena odziwika chifukwa cha machitidwe osokoneza bongo". Mwanjira ina, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza kumawoneka ngati zizolowezi zina zodziwika. Zidule:

35) Kuyankha Mphotho, Kuphunzira, ndi Kuyamikira Komwe Kumakhudzana ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zovuta - Kafukufuku Wokhudza Ma Domain Criteria Perspective (2022) - Zidule:

Mwachidule, zotsatira za maphunziro a SID odziwa zambiri zimaloza kumayendedwe ndi neural mphotho zoyembekeza zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa pakugonana ndi mphotho zandalama mwa omwe ali ndi PPU monga momwe chiphunzitso chodziwika bwino cholimbikitsira chizoloŵezi chimalimbikitsa [35]. Lingaliro ili likuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa chinthu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphotho zomwe zimayenderana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke zimawonjezera zolimbikitsa pazotsatirazi. Kusamutsidwa ku PPU, malipiro ozungulira anganene kuti kuwonjezereka kwachilimbikitso ku zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

36) Kodi khalidwe lovuta la kugonana liyenera kuonedwa motsatira njira yoledzera? Ndemanga yokonzedwa bwino yochokera ku DSM-5 drug use disorder criteria (2023)

Njira za DSM-5 zazovuta zosokoneza bongo zidapezeka kuti ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zogonana omwe ali ndi vuto, makamaka kulakalaka, kulephera kudziletsa pakugwiritsa ntchito zogonana, ndi zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi kugonana…. Maphunziro ochulukirapo akuyenera kuchitidwa [pogwiritsa ntchito] njira za DSM-5 [kuwunika] mawonekedwe omwe ali ngati chizolowezi chogonana ndizovuta m'magulu azachipatala komanso omwe siachipatala.

Onani Kafukufuku Wokayikitsa & Wosokeretsa kuti mupeze mapepala ofalitsidwa kwambiri omwe si omwe amanena kuti ndi omwe ali ( pepala ili lakale - Ley et al. , 2014 - silinali ndemanga ya mabuku ndipo linanena molakwika mapepala ambiri omwe adatchula). Onani tsamba lino kuti mupeze maphunziro ambiri ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso kuchepa kwa chikhutiro cha kugonana ndi ubale.

Maphunziro a ubongo (FMRI, MRI, EEG, Neuro-endocrine, Neuro-pyschological) pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi olowerera kugonana:

Maphunziro amitsempha omwe ali pansipa ali m'magulu awiri: (1) Ndi ukadaulo wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi kusintha ubongo uliwonse wanena, ndipo (2) pofika tsiku lolemba.

1) Yolembedwa ndi Kusintha kwa Ubongo Kokhudzana ndi Kuledzera : Kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo kunayi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuledzera kwafotokozedwa ndi George F. Koob ndi Nora D. Volkow mu ndemanga yawo yodziwika bwino. Koob ndi Mtsogoleri wa National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), ndipo Volkow ndi mkulu wa National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Inasindikizidwa mu The New England Journal of Medicine: Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016) . Pepalali likufotokoza kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuledzera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso khalidwe, pomwe likunena m'ndime yake yoyamba kuti kuledzera kwa kugonana kulipo:

"Timaganiza kuti sayansi ya ubongo ikupitirizabe kuthandizira chitsanzo cha matenda a ubongo a chizolowezi. Kafukufuku wa sayansi ya ubongo m'derali samangopereka mwayi watsopano wopewera ndi kuchiza zizolowezi zoledzeretsa ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi khalidwe (monga chakudya, kugonana , ndi kutchova juga)…."

Pepala la Volkow & Koob linafotokoza zinthu zinayi zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa ubongo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chizolowezi, zomwe ndi: 1) Kuzindikira , 2) Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kumva , 3) Ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino (kusaganizira bwino), 4) Kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la nkhawa . Kusintha konseku kwa ubongo kwapezeka pakati pa maphunziro ambiri a ubongo omwe ali patsamba lino:

• Zofufuza zapoti kulimbikitsa (cue-reactivity & cravings) mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / osokoneza bongo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
• Zofufuza zapoti deensitization kapena chizoloŵezi (chomwe chimapangitsa kulekerera) owonetsa zithunzi zolaula / ozunguza kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
• Zofukufuku zomwe zimanena kuti ntchito yosauka ikuyenda bwino (chinyengo) kapena kusinthidwa ntchito yoyendetsa zolaula m'magwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogonana ndi anthu ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
• Zofufuza zosonyeza a matenda osayenerera owonetsa zithunzi zolaula / ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

2) Yolembedwa Pofika Tsiku Lofalitsidwa: Mndandanda wotsatirawu uli ndi maphunziro onse a ubongo omwe amafalitsidwa pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana. Kafukufuku aliyense wolembedwa pansipa ali ndi kufotokozera kapena chidule, ndipo akuwonetsa kuti ndi uti mwa kusintha kwa ubongo kokhudzana ndi chizolowezi komwe kwangokambirana zomwe zapezeka zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapezeka:

1) Kufufuza Koyambirira kwa Makhalidwe Osayembekezereka ndi a Neuroanatomical a Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza ( Miner et al. , 2009) – [ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino/ntchito yosauka ya woyang'anira] – Kafukufuku waung'ono wa fMRI wokhudza makamaka anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana (Compulsive Sexual Behavior). Kafukufukuyu akufotokoza za khalidwe losayembekezereka kwambiri mu ntchito ya Go-NoGo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ndi vuto lolamulira. Kufufuza kwa ubongo kunawonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana anali ndi vuto losokoneza prefrontal cortex white matter poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lolamulira. Zidule:

Zomwe zafotokozedwa papepalali zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti CSB imafanana kwambiri ndi zovuta zowongolera, monga kleptomania, kutchova juga mokakamiza, komanso zovuta zamadyedwe. Makamaka, tawona kuti anthu omwe amakwaniritsa njira zodzikakamizira kuti azichita zachiwerewere amapambana kwambiri pakudzifotokozera, kutengera kukhudzika kwathunthu komanso umunthu, cholepheretsa …… .. Kuphatikiza pazomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, odwala a CSB adawonetseranso chidwi chachikulu pantchito yamakhalidwe, njira ya Go-No Go.

Zotsatira zimasonyezanso kuti odwala a CSB amasonyeza kuti apamwamba kwambiri kuposa dera lonselo amatanthauza kusiyana (MD) kuposa malamulo. Kuwonana kwa mgwirizano kunawonetsera mgwirizano wofunikira pakati pa zochitika zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha m'madera ochepa omwe ali m'madera ozungulira omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda (FA) ndi MD, koma palibe mabungwe omwe ali ndi magawo akuluakulu omwe akuyendera. Kuwonanso komweko kunasonyeza kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa MD ndi mkulu wa zochitika za kugonana.

Chifukwa chake, kusanthula koyambirira kumeneku ndikulonjeza ndikuwonetsa kuti pali zina za neuroanatomical komanso / kapena neurophysiological zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kugonana kokakamiza. Zambirizi zikuwonetsanso kuti CSB imadziwika ndi kukakamizidwa, komanso imaphatikizanso zinthu zina, zomwe zingakhale zokhudzana ndi kukhudzika mtima komanso nkhawa za OCD.

2) Kusiyana komwe kunanenedwa pa miyeso ya ntchito ya utsogoleri ndi khalidwe la hypersexual mwa amuna odwala ndi anthu ammudzi ( Reid et al ., 2010) – [ntchito yofooka ya utsogoleri] – Chidule:

Odwala omwe amafunafuna chithandizo chamakhalidwe ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukhudzidwa, kusakhazikika, kuzindikira moperewera, kuchepa kwamalamulo am'maganizo, komanso kutanganidwa kwambiri ndi kugonana. Zina mwazinthuzi ndizofala pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mitsempha lomwe limakhudzana ndi kutha kwa ntchito. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakufufuzidwe pakadali pano kusiyana pakati pa gulu la odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana (n = 87) ndi anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (n = 92) azimuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Behaeve Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Khalidwe logonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha linali logwirizana ndi ma indices apadziko lonse lapansi osagwira bwino ntchito komanso zolipira zingapo za BRIEF-A. Zotsatira izi zimapereka umboni woyamba wotsimikizira kuti kusokonekera kwa akuluakulu kumatha kukhala ndi vuto lachiwerewere.

3) Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti: Udindo wa Kukonda Kugonana ndi Zizindikiro za Maganizo ndi Zamaganizo pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mawebusayiti Ogonana pa Intaneti Mopitirira Muyeso ( Brand et al. , 2011) – [kulakalaka/kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yofooka ya utsogoleri] – Chidule:

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti mavuto omwe amadziwika pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ogwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zogonana pa intaneti amanenedweratu ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana, chiwonongeko chachikulu cha zizindikiro zamaganizo, ndi chiwerengero cha kugonana komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhala pa Intaneti pa malo ogonana, pamene nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito malo opatsirana pogonana pa intaneti (maminiti patsiku) sizinathandize kwambiri kufotokozera kusiyana kwa magawo a IATsex. Timawona zofanana pakati pa njira zamaganizo ndi ubongo zimene zingathandize kuti zisamalire pa Intaneti komanso zomwe zimafotokozedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidaliro chodalira.

4) Kujambula Zithunzi Zolaula Kumasokoneza Kugwira Ntchito kwa Kukumbukira ( Laier et al. , 2013) – [kulakalaka/kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yofooka ya utsogoleri] – Chidule:

Anthu ena amafotokoza mavuto panthawi yogonana pa intaneti ndi pambuyo, monga kusowa tulo ndikuiwala mayina, omwe amakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zoipa za moyo. Njira imodzi yomwe ingabweretse mavuto amenewa ndikuti kugonana pa nthawi yogonana pa Intaneti kungasokoneze mphamvu ya kukumbukira ntchito (WM), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kunyalanyaza zinthu zowonongeka kwazomwe zimapangidwira zachilengedwe komanso kusokoneza chisankho. Zotsatira zinawonetsa zovuta kwambiri za WM kuchithunzi cha zithunzi zolaula za ntchito ya 4-kumbuyo poyerekeza ndi zinthu zitatu zotsalira. Zakafukufuku zafotokozedwa potsata kuledzera kwa intaneti chifukwa chakuti kulephera kwa WM ndi zida zokhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala oledzeretsa zimadziwika bwino kuchokera kuzinthu zowonongeka.

5) Kujambula Zithunzi Zogonana Kumasokoneza Kupanga Zisankho Mosamveka ( Laier et al ., 2013) – [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yofooka ya utsogoleri] – Chidule:

Kuchita zisankho kunali koipa kwambiri pamene zithunzi zachiwerewere zimagwiridwa ndi mapepala osokoneza mapepala poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimachitika pamene zithunzi zogonana zogwirizana ndi zopindulitsa. Kugonjera kugonana kwachangu kunayambitsa mgwirizano pakati pa chikhalidwe cha ntchito ndi kupanga kupanga chisankho. Phunziroli likugogomezera kuti kukakamiza kugonana kumasokoneza kupanga chisankho, chomwe chikhoza kufotokoza chifukwa chake anthu ena amakumana ndi zotsatira zoipa pa nkhani yogwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti.

6) Chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti: Kukhala ndi chilakolako chogonana mukamayang'ana zolaula osati kugonana kwenikweni kumabweretsa kusiyana ( Laier et al ., 2013) – [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yofooka ya woyang'anira] – Chidule:

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti zizindikiro zogonana zimadzuka ndikulakalaka zolaula pa Intaneti zowonongeka zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pa phunziro loyamba. Komanso, zinasonyezedwa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a pa Intaneti ogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga ogonana amavomereza kuti akugonana kwambiri komanso akulakalaka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolaula. Mu maphunziro onsewa, chiwerengero ndi khalidwe ndi zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwenikweni zamoyo sizinayanjanitsidwe ndi chizoloŵezi cha kugonana pa Intaneti. Zotsatirazi zimapereka chithunzithunzi chokhutiritsa, chomwe chimayambitsa kulimbikitsa, kuphunzira njira, ndikukhumba kukhala njira yoyenera pakukula ndi kukonzanso kuledzera kwa cybersex. Osauka kapena osakhutiritsa zokhudzana ndi zogonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana sangathe kufotokoza mokwanira za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti.

7) Chilakolako Chogonana, osati Kugonana Kwambiri, Chimakhudzana ndi Mayankho a Mitsempha Yokhudzana ndi Zithunzi Zogonana ( Steele et al. , 2013) – [kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana: kukhudzidwa ndi chizolowezi] – Kafukufuku wa EEG uyu adalengezedwa m'manyuzipepala ngati umboni wotsutsa kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula. Sizili choncho . Steele et al . 2013 kwenikweni amalimbikitsa kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogonana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. Kodi zingatheke bwanji? Kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti ma EEG ambiri amawerengedwa (poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zosalowerera) pamene anthu adawonetsedwa mwachidule ku zithunzi zolaula. Kafukufuku nthawi zonse amasonyeza kuti P300 yokwera imachitika pamene anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amawonetsedwa ku zizindikiro (monga zithunzi) zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chawo.

Mogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wa ubongo wa ku Cambridge University , kafukufuku wa EEG uyu adanenanso kuti zolaula zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi anthu okwatirana. Kunena kwina - anthu omwe ali ndi ubongo wokonda kwambiri zolaula amakonda kudziseweretsa maliseche m'malo mogonana ndi munthu weniweni. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, wolankhulira kafukufukuyu Nicole Prause adati ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula anali ndi "chilakolako chachikulu," koma zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikunena zosiyana kwambiri (chilakolako cha anthu ogonana ndi anthu okwatirana chinali kuchepa poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula).

Pamodzi, zomwe Steele et al. adapeza zikuwonetsa kuti ubongo umagwira ntchito kwambiri pa zizindikiro (zithunzi zolaula), koma kusowa kwa mayankho ambiri ku mphotho zachilengedwe (kugonana ndi munthu). Kuzindikira ndi kuletsa kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu, zomwe ndi zizindikiro za chizolowezi. Mapepala asanu ndi atatu owunikidwa ndi anzawo akufotokoza zoona: Ndemanga zowunikidwa ndi anzawo za Steele et al. , 2013. Onaninso ndemanga yayikulu ya YBOP iyi.

Kupatulapo zonena zambiri zosachirikizidwa m'manyuzipepala, n'zosadabwitsa kuti kafukufuku wa 2013 wa Prause wa EGG adapambana ndemanga ya anzawo, chifukwa adakumana ndi zolakwika zazikulu za njira: 1) anthu anali osiyana (amuna, akazi, osakhala amuna kapena akazi okhaokha) ; 2) anthu sanayang'anitsidwe matenda amisala kapena zizolowezi ; 3) kafukufukuyu analibe gulu lowongolera poyerekeza ; 4) mafunso sanatsimikizidwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito zolaula kapena chizolowezi cha zolaula . Steele et al. ali ndi cholakwika chachikulu kotero kuti ndemanga ndi ndemanga 4 zokha mwa zomwe zili pamwambapa 24 ndizosafunikira kuzitchula : ziwiri zikutsutsa ngati sayansi yosavomerezeka, pomwe ziwiri zikutchula kuti zikugwirizana ndi cue-reactivity ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi mnzanu (zizindikiro za chizolowezi).

8) Kapangidwe ka Ubongo ndi Kulumikizana Kogwira Ntchito Kogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Ubongo pa Zolaula ( Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014) - [kuchotsa chilakolako, chizolowezi, ndi ma circuits osagwira ntchito]. Kafukufuku wa Max Planck Institute wa fMRI adanenanso za zotsatira zitatu za ubongo zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso: (1) kuchepa kwa zinthu zopatsa mphotho (dorsal striatum), (2) kuchepa kwa ntchito yopereka mphoto poyang'ana zithunzi zogonana mwachidule, (3) kulumikizana koyipa pakati pa dorsal striatum ndi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Ofufuzawo adatanthauzira zomwe zapezeka zitatuzi ngati chizindikiro cha zotsatira za kuwonetsedwa kwa zolaula kwa nthawi yayitali. Kafukufukuyu adati,

Izi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti kuwonetsedwa kwambiri ndi zolaula kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu yachilengedwe ya mitsempha ku chilakolako chogonana.

Ponena za kuwonetseratu kosauka pakati pa PFC ndi striatum phunzirolo linati,

Kulephera kwa oyendetsa mabungwewa kwagwirizana ndi zosayenera zosankha, monga kufunafuna mankhwala, mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira zake zoipa

Wolemba wamkulu Simone Kühn, polankhula mu lipoti la atolankhani la Max Planck, anati :

Timaganiza kuti maphunziro omwe ali ndi zithunzi zolaula amafuna kuwonjezereka kuti alandire mphotho yomweyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse kumatulutsa mphoto yanu. Izi zikanakwanira mwangwiro lingaliro lakuti machitidwe awo opindula amayenera kukulirakulira.

9) Ma Neural Correlates a Sexual Cue Reactivity mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi ndi Opanda Ma Compulsive Sexual Behaviors ( Voon et al. , 2014) – [sensitization/cue-reactivity and desensitization] Yoyamba mwa maphunziro angapo a Cambridge University inapeza momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula (omwe ali ndi CSB) monga momwe zimachitikira mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso oledzera - greater cue-reactivity kapena sensitization. Wofufuza wamkulu Valerie Voon anati:

Pali kusiyana pakati pa ubongo pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana komanso odzipereka. Kusiyana kumeneku kumaphatikizapo zomwe zidakali mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Voon et al., 2014 adapezanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula amafanana ndi njira yovomerezeka yoledzera yofuna "zambiri", koma osakondanso "zambiri". Chidule:

Poyerekeza ndi odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, maphunziro a CSB anali ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana kapena akufuna kufotokozera momveka bwino ndipo anali ndi chidwi chochuluka kwambiri pazinthu zowonongeka, motero kusonyeza kusiyana pakati pa kufuna ndi kukonda

Ofufuzawo anafotokoza kuti 60% ya maphunziro (okalamba a zaka: 25) anali ndi vuto pochita zinthu zowonongeka / kukwatira ndi enieni, koma akhoza kukwaniritsa zolaula. Izi zimasonyeza kuwalimbikitsa kapena kuzoloŵera. Zolemba:

Masewera a CSB adanenedwa kuti chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri zida zogonana ... ..wadziwitsidwa mochedwa libido kapena erectile ntchito makamaka mu ubale weniweni ndi akazi (ngakhale osagwirizana ndi zolaula) ...

Masewera a CSB poyerekeza ndi odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino anali ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi kugonana kwaukwati komanso kukhala ndi mavuto ochulukirapo erectile mu chibwenzi chogonana koma osati zogonana.

10) Kukulitsa Kukonda Kwambiri Zizindikiro Zogonana Mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khalidwe Lokakamiza Logonana Ndi Osakakamiza ( Mechelmans et al. , 2014) – [sensitization/cue-reactivity] – Kafukufuku wachiwiri wa ku Cambridge University. Chidule:

Zomwe timapeza zowonjezera chidwi ... zimasonyeza kuti zingatheke kuti anthu azikhala ndi chidwi chodziwika bwino pofufuza za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwapa za neural reactivity kwa zilakolako za kugonana m'maseŵera ofanana ndi omwe akuphatikizidwa mu maphunziro okhudzidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo amapereka chithandizo cholimbikitsana malingaliro okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa chilakolako chogonana ku [ zolaula]. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe taona posachedwapa kuti mavidiyo owonetsa zakugonana akugwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yaikulu mumtundu wa neural womwe umakhala wofanana ndi umene umapezeka mu maphunziro a zida zowonongeka. Chikhumbo chachikulu kapena chofuna kukonda kukonda chinayanjaniranso ndi ntchito mu neural network. Maphunzirowa pamodzi amapereka chithandizo cholimbikitsana chiphunzitso cha chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamachite zachiwerewere ku CSB.

11) Chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti mwa akazi okonda amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti chingafotokozedwe ndi lingaliro la kukhutitsidwa ( Laier et al ., 2014) - [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwakukulu] - Chidule:

Tidasanthula akazi okwanira 51 a IPU ndi azimayi 51 osagwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pa intaneti (NIPU). Pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso, tinayang'ana kuwopsa kwa chizolowezi cha cybersex mwachidule, komanso kuchuluka kwa kukhudzana ndi kugonana, zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana, komanso kutha kwa zizindikiro zamaganizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyeseza koyeserera, kuphatikiza zithunzi zolaula zana limodzi, komanso zisonyezo zakukhumba, zidachitika. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti IPU idavotera zithunzi zolaula kuti zikukondweretsa ndikuti zikulakalaka kwambiri chifukwa cha zithunzi zolaula poyerekeza ndi NIPU. Kuphatikiza apo, kulakalaka, zithunzi zokopa zogonana, chidwi cha kukopeka, kugonana pamavuto, komanso kuopsa kwa zisonyezo zam'maganizo kunaneneratu mtima wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwerewere mu IPU.

Kukhala muubwenzi, kuchuluka kwa maubwenzi ogonana, kukhutitsidwa ndi mayanjano ogonana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pa intaneti sikugwirizana ndi vuto la cybersex. Zotsatira izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimanenedwa kuti ndi amuna amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'misomo yapitayi. Zotsatira zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu cha kugonana, kugonana, njira zophunzirira, komanso kufunikira kwa malingaliro ndi chidwi chofuna kukulitsa chizolowezi cha cybersex ku IPU ziyenera kukambirana.

12) Umboni Wovomerezeka ndi Malingaliro a Ziphunzitso pa Zinthu Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kukonda Kugonana pa Intaneti Kuchokera ku Maganizo Okhudza Khalidwe ( Laier et al. , 2014) – [kulakalaka/kuzindikira kwambiri] – Chidule:

Chikhalidwe cha chochitika chomwe chimatchedwa kuti cyber sex (CA) ndi njira zake za chitukuko chikufotokozedwa. Ntchito yapitayi imasonyeza kuti anthu ena akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo cha CA, pomwe kulimbikitsana ndi kuyimitsa bwinoko kumaonedwa ngati njira zofunikira za chitukuko cha CA. Mu phunziro lino, amuna a amuna osakwatirana a 155 amavomereza zithunzi zolaula za 100 ndikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kugonana kwawo. Komanso, zizoloŵezi za CA, kukhudzidwa ndi chisangalalo cha kugonana, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosagonana mwachisawawa zinawerengedwa. Zotsatira za phunziroli zikusonyeza kuti pali zifukwa za chiopsezo cha CA ndi kupereka umboni wa ntchito yokhutiritsa kugonana ndi kuthana ndi vuto losavomerezeka pa chitukuko cha CA.

13) Zatsopano, Kukonza Zinthu, ndi Kusankha Mphotho Zogonana ( Banca et al ., 2015) – [zilakolako/kuzindikira zinthu kwambiri ndi chizolowezi/kuchepetsa chilakolako cha kugonana] – Kafukufuku wina wa fMRI ku Cambridge University. Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako cha kugonana amakonda zinthu zachilendo komanso zithunzi zolaula zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolaula. Komabe, ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako cha kugonana unazolowera mwachangu zithunzi zogonana. Popeza kukonda zinthu zatsopano sikunalipo kale, akukhulupirira kuti chizolowezi cha zolaula chimayambitsa kufunafuna zinthu zatsopano pofuna kuthana ndi chizolowezi ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako cha kugonana.

Mchitidwe wogonana mwachinyengo (CSB) unagwirizanitsidwa ndi zokonda zapamwamba zogonana, poyerekeza ndi kuwonetsa zithunzi, ndi zofuna zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi ndalama zotsutsana ndi zotsatira zotsutsana poyerekeza ndi odzipereka odzipereka. Anthu a CSB adakhalanso ndi zizoloŵezi zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza zogonana komanso zojambulajambula zapamwamba ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chogonana. Kuyanjana ndi zikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere zosagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chachinyengo zinkakhudzidwa ndi chidwi choyambirira cha kugonana. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti anthu a CSB ali ndi zovuta zogwirizana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana chomwe chingakhale chogwirizana ndi chizoloŵezi chachikulu chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhazikika pamodzi ndi kukulitsa chikhalidwe chokhazikitsa mphoto. Chidule:

Chidule cha nkhani yokhudza nkhaniyi:

Apeza kuti pamene anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiwerewere ankawona chifaniziro chomwecho mobwerezabwereza, poyerekeza ndi odzipereka omwe adakhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ntchito m'madera a ubongo wodziwika kuti akugwiritsanso ntchito khungu lamtundu wina, omwe amadziwika kuti akukhudzidwa ndi kuyembekezera mphoto ndikuyankha zochitika zatsopano. Izi zimagwirizana ndi 'habituation', pomwe munthu amene amamwa mowa amapeza mphotho yofanana - mwachitsanzo, akumwa khofi akhoza kumwa khofi "kuchokera ku kapu yawo yoyamba, koma pakapita nthawi amamwa mowa kwambiri, buzz akukhala.

Chizoloŵezi chomwecho chimapezeka mwa amuna abwino omwe amawonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kanema wolaula. Koma pamene ayang'ana kanema yatsopano, mlingo wokondweretsedwa ndi kuwukweza umabwereranso kuyambirira. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti, kupeŵa chizoloŵezi, chizolowezi chogonana chiyenera kufunafuna nthawi zonse zithunzi zatsopano. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chizoloŵezi chikhoza kuyendetsa kufufuza kwa zithunzi zatsopano.

"Zomwe timapeza zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zolaula pa Intaneti," akutero Dr Voon. "Sizidziwikiratu zomwe zimayambitsa chizoloŵezi chogonana pachiyambi ndipo mwina anthu ena amayamba kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kusiyana ndi ena, koma kupezeka kwapadera kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere zopezeka pa intaneti kumathandizira kudwalitsa, kuzipangitsa kukhala zovuta kwambiri kuthawa. "

14) Ma Substrates a Neural a Chilakolako Chogonana mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khalidwe Lovuta la Hypersexual ( Seok & Sohn , 2015) – [kubwerezabwereza kwa cue/kuzindikira komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa ma prefrontal circuits] – Kafukufuku wa fMRI waku Korea akubwereza maphunziro ena a ubongo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Monga kafukufuku wa Cambridge University, adapeza machitidwe a ubongo omwe amayambitsidwa ndi cue mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana, omwe amafanana ndi machitidwe a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana. Mogwirizana ndi maphunziro angapo aku Germany, adapeza kusintha kwa prefrontal cortex komwe kumafanana ndi kusintha komwe kumawonedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana. Chatsopano ndichakuti zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi machitidwe a prefrontal cortex omwe amawonedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana: Kubwerezabwereza kwakukulu kwa cue ku zithunzi zogonana koma kumaletsa mayankho kuzinthu zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodziwika. Chidule:

Kuphunzira kwathu kunkafuna kufufuza zofuna za kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi zithunzithunzi zokhudzana ndi maginito (fMRI). Anthu makumi awiri ndi atatu omwe ali ndi PHB ndi 22 ali ndi zaka zowonongeka zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anitsitsa anayesedwa panthawi yomwe adawona zolaula zogonana ndi zachiwerewere. Zofuna za kugonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinayesedwa potsatira njira iliyonse yogonana. Potsutsana ndi maulamuliro, anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adzipeza nthawi zambiri ndikukwaniritsa chilakolako chogonana pakakhala zovuta zogonana. Kuwongolera kwakukulu kunkapezeka mu phokoso lochepetsetsa, loperetta loperetta, loponyedwa pansi pamtunda, thalamus, ndi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex mu gulu la PHB kusiyana ndi gulu lolamulira. Kuphatikizanso apo, njira zowonjezera zachilengedwe m'madera ochitidwawo zimasiyana pakati pa magulu. Mogwirizana ndi zofukufuku za ubongo zoganizira zochitika za khalidwe ndi chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe, anthu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe a PHB ndi chikhumbo cholimbikitsidwa chiwonetsedwanso chosinthidwa kumadera okonda mapepala ndi amtendere

15) Kusintha kwa Zomwe Zili ndi Mphamvu Zabwino Posachedwa Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zogonana mu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mavuto ndi Zowongolera Zosagwirizana ndi "Zolaula Zolaula" ( Prause et al. , 2015) - [chizolowezi] - Kafukufuku wachiwiri wa EEG wochokera ku gulu la Nicole Prause . Kafukufukuyu anayerekeza anthu a 2013 ochokera kwa Steele et al ., 2013 ndi gulu lenileni lolamulira (koma linali ndi zolakwika zomwezo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa). Zotsatira zake: Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto owongolera kuonera kwawo zolaula" anali ndi mayankho ochepa muubongo akamaonera zithunzi za vanilla porn kwa sekondi imodzi. Wolemba wamkulu akuti zotsatirazi " zikutsutsa chizolowezi cha zolaula ." Ndi wasayansi wovomerezeka uti amene anganene kuti kafukufuku wawo wokhawo wosadziwika bwino wathetsa gawo lodziwika bwino la kafukufuku?

Zoonadi, zomwe zapezeka mu Prause et al. 2015 zikugwirizana bwino ndi Kühn & Gallina t (2014) , zomwe zapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ubongo poyankha zithunzi za zolaula za vanilla. Zomwe zapezeka mu Prause et al . zikugwirizananso ndi Banca et al. 2015 yomwe ili #13 pamndandandawu. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina wa EEG adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri mwa akazi kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ubongo ku zolaula. Kuwerenga kochepa kwa EEG kumatanthauza kuti anthu sakuyang'ana kwambiri zithunzizo. Mwachidule, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri analibe chidwi ndi zithunzi zosasinthika za zolaula za vanilla. Anali otopa (ozoloŵera kapena osowa chidwi). Onani ndemanga yayikulu ya YBOP iyi . Mapepala khumi omwe adawunikidwa ndi anzawo amavomereza kuti kafukufukuyu adapezadi kuti kufooka / chizolowezi mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri (zogwirizana ndi chizolowezi): Ndemanga zowunikidwa ndi anzawo za Prause et al ., 2015

Pemphero linalengeza kuti malemba ake a EEG anayesedwa "cue-reactivity" (kulimbikitsa), m'malo mozoloŵera. Ngakhale kuti Prause anali wolondola iye amanyalanyaza mosamalitsa phokoso lachinyengo mu "malingaliro" ake: Ngakhale Prause et al. 2015 adapeza zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zolaula, 24 maphunziro ena a ubongo wanena kuti: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Sayansi siikuyenda ndi kuphunzira kopanda nzeru kusokonezedwa ndi zolakwika zazikulu za njira; sayansi imapita limodzi ndi umboni waumboni (pokhapokha ngati inu zimayendetsedwa).

16) Kusokonezeka kwa HPA Axis mwa Amuna Omwe Ali ndi Matenda a Hypersexual ( Chatzittofis , 2015) – [kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa kupsinjika maganizo] – Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna 67 omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zogonana komanso anthu 39 omwe ali ndi zaka zofanana. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis ndiye gawo lalikulu pa yankho lathu la kupsinjika maganizo. Zizolowezi zimasintha ma circuits a kupsinjika maganizo muubongo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti axis ya HPA isagwire bwino ntchito. Kafukufukuyu wokhudza anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zogonana (hypersexuals) adapeza mayankho osinthika a kupsinjika omwe amafanana ndi zomwe zapezeka ndi zizolowezi zoledzera. Zidutswa kuchokera ku nkhani yofalitsidwa:

Phunziroli linaphatikizapo amuna a 67 ndi matenda a hypersexual ndi 39 omwe ali ndi mphamvu zogwirizana. Ophunzirawo anapeza kuti ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso ena omwe ali ndi vuto lopweteka kapena kusokonezeka kwa ana. Ofufuzawa anawapatsa mlingo wochepa wa dexamethasone usiku madzulo asanayambe kuyesedwa kuti ateteze kuvutika maganizo kwawo, ndipo m'mawa amayesa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opweteka a cortisol ndi ACTH. Iwo adapeza kuti odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual anali ndi mahomoni apamwamba kuposa machitidwe abwino, kusiyana komwe kunatsalira ngakhale atayesedwa kuti asokonezeke maganizo ndi kusokonezeka kwa ana.

Pulofesa Jokinen anati: "Aberrant akupanikiza malamulo kale anali ataonedwa ndi ovutika maganizo ndi odzipha okha komanso ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo." "M'zaka zaposachedwapa, cholinga chakhalapo kuti ngati kusokonezeka kwa ana kungapangitse kusokonezeka kwa machitidwe opanikizika a thupi kudzera mwa njira zotchedwa epigenetic njira, mwa kuyankhula kwina momwe malo awo amaganizo angakhudzire majini omwe amayendetsa machitidwewa." Malingana ndi ochita kafukufuku, zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti njira yomweyi yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi njira ina yothetsera nkhanza ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a hypersexual.

17) Kulamulira kwa Prefrontal ndi kuledzera kwa intaneti: chitsanzo cha chiphunzitso ndi kuwunikanso zomwe zapezeka mu neuropsychological ndi neuroimaging ( Brand et al ., 2015) - [ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino / ntchito yosauka ya woyang'anira ndi kudziwitsa] - Chidule:

Zogwirizana ndi izi, zotsatira za magwiridwe antchito a neuroimaging ndi kafukufuku wina wamaubongo akuwonetsa kuti kuzindikira-kukonzanso, kulakalaka, ndikupanga zisankho ndi malingaliro ofunikira kuti mumvetsetse zosokoneza bongo za pa intaneti. Zotsatira zakuchepetsa kwa oyang'anira zimayenderana ndi zizolowezi zina, monga kutchova njuga kwamatenda. Amanenanso za kutsindika kwa chodabwitsachi ngati chizolowezi, chifukwa palinso zofananira zingapo ndi zomwe zidapezeka pakudalira mankhwala. Komanso, zotsatira za kafukufuku wapano zikufanana ndi zomwe zapezedwa pakufufuza kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikugogomezera kufanana pakati pa chizolowezi chogonana pa cybersex ndi zizolowezi zakumwa kapena zizolowezi zina zamakhalidwe.

18) Kuyanjana kobisika mu chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti: Kusintha kwa Mayeso Ogwirizana Obisika ndi zithunzi zolaula ( Snagkowski et al ., 2015) - [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwakukulu] - Chidule:

Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kufanana pakati pa chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti komanso zosokoneza bongo ndikukangana kuti azigwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngati chizolowezi. Kudalira kwambiri zinthu, mabungwe omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi gawo lofunikira, ndipo mayanjano abwinowa sanaphunzirepo pazovuta zapa cybersex, mpaka pano. Pakafukufukuyu, amuna 128 amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe adatenga nawo gawo adamaliza Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) yosinthidwa ndi zithunzi zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta pamavuto azakugonana, chidwi chazakugonana, zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti, komanso kulakalaka kugonja chifukwa chakuwona zithunzi zolaula adayesedwa.

Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa mgwirizano wazithunzi zolaula zomwe zili ndi malingaliro abwino ndi zizoloŵezi zake zokhudzana ndi zolaula zamtaneti, zovuta pa kugonana, chidwi chogonana komanso chilakolako chogonana. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunikira kosinthidwa kwakanenedwa kuti anthu omwe ananenetsa zolakalaka zapamwamba ndikuwonetsa kuyanjana ndi zithunzi zolaula zokhala ndi malingaliro abwino, makamaka amakonda kuchita zachiwerewere. Zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa gawo lomwe lingachitike pakuyanjana kopanda zithunzi zolaula pakukonza ndi kusamalira chizolowezi chogonana. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za kafukufuku wapano ndizofanana ndi zomwe zapezeka kuchokera kuzofufuza zamaudzu amomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndikugogomezera kuyanjana pakati pazokonda zamtaneti ndi kudalira kwa zinthu kapena zikhalidwe zina.

19) Zizindikiro za chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti zitha kulumikizidwa ndi kuyandikira komanso kupewa zolaula: zotsatira kuchokera ku chitsanzo cha analog cha ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse pa intaneti ( Snagkowski, et al. , 2015) – [chilakolako chachikulu/kukhudzidwa] – Chidule:

Njira zina zimasonyeza kufanana kwa kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo komwe njira/kupewa ndi njira zofunika kwambiri. Ofufuza angapo anena kuti mkati mwa chisankho chokhudzana ndi chizolowezi, anthu amatha kusonyeza zizolowezi zoyandikira kapena kupewa zolimbikitsa zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi. Mu kafukufuku wapano, amuna 123 ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adamaliza Approach-Avoidance-Task (AAT; Rinck ndi Becker, 2007 ) yosinthidwa ndi zithunzi zolaula. Pa nthawi ya AAT ophunzirawo adayenera kukankhira zolimbikitsa zolaula kapena kuzikoka kwa iwo okha ndi joystick. Kukhudzidwa ndi chilakolako cha kugonana, khalidwe logonana lovuta, komanso zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti zidayesedwa ndi mafunso.

Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizoloŵezi zakugonana ndi kugonana kwa azimayi amakonda kugwiritsira ntchito kapena kupeŵa zolaula zolaula. Kuwonjezera apo, kufufuza koyendetsa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kunawonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana ndi khalidwe loipa la kugonana omwe amasonyeza njira zabwino zopezera / kupeŵa, adawonetsa zizindikiro zapamwamba zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa pa Intaneti. Malingaliro okhudzana ndi zokhudzana ndi mankhwala, zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti zizoloŵezi zomwe zimayendera komanso kupeŵa zingayambitse kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe ozunguza bongo. Kuphatikizanso, kugwirizana ndi kukhudzidwa ndi zosangalatsa za kugonana ndi khalidwe loyambitsa chiwerewere kungakhale ndi kuwonjezereka kwa madandaulo omwe ali nawo tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti. Zomwe anapezazi zikupereka umboni wowonjezereka wofanana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe opatsirana pogonana ndi zokhudzana ndi mankhwala. Kufanana kotereku kungabwererenso kumtundu wina wa maukondwerero omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti.

20) Kukakamira kuonera zolaula? Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kunyalanyaza zizindikiro za kugonana pa intaneti muzochitika zambirimbiri kumakhudzana ndi zizindikiro za chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti ( Schiebener et al. , 2015) – [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi ulamuliro wofooka wa akuluakulu] – Chidule:

Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti, monga zolaula, mwauchidakwa, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto aakulu pamoyo wawo kapena ntchito. Njira imodzi yomwe ingatsogolere ku zotsatira zoipa zingakhale zochepetsedwa kuyang'anira ulamuliro pa kuzindikira ndi khalidwe zomwe zingakhale zofunikira kuti zitheke kusintha pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito cybersex ndi ntchito zina ndi maudindo a moyo. Kuti tithetse vutoli, tafufuza otsogolera amuna omwe ali ndi 104 ndi maulamuliro akuluakulu omwe akutsogolera maofesi awiri. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali ndi zithunzi za anthu, ndipo ena anali ndi zithunzi zolaula. Zonsezi ziyika zithunzizo kuti zikhale zosiyana malinga ndi zofunikira zina. Cholinga chodziwikiratu chinali kugwira ntchito pazogawa zonse ndi ndalama zofanana, mwa kusintha pakati pa ntchitoyi ndi ntchito yoyenera.

Tinawona kuti ntchito zochepa zochepa pazithunzi zambirizi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizoloŵezi chokwanira kugwiritsira ntchito chiwerewere. Anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chimenechi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena kunyalanyaza kugwira ntchito pa zithunzi zolaula. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kuchepetsa ulamuliro wotsogolera pa ntchito zambiri, pamene akukumana ndi zolaula, kungayambitse makhalidwe osayenera komanso zotsatira zoipa zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kugonana ndi azinthu zakugonana. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi zizoloŵezi zogonana ndi ogonana amaoneka ngati ali ndi chizoloŵezi chopewa kapena kufotokozera zolaula, monga momwe zanenedwa muzolimbikitsa zowonongeka.

21) Kugulitsa Mphoto Pambuyo Pake Kuti Musangalale Pakalipano: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Ndi Kuchepetsa Kuchotsera ( Negash et al. , 2015) – [poor executive control: causation experiment] – Excerpts:

Phunziro 1: Ophunzira adamaliza zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito mafunso komanso ntchito yochedwetsa ku Time 1 kenako milungu inayi pambuyo pake. Ophunzira omwe akuwonetsa zolaula zolaula zoyambirira adawonetsa kuchotsera kotsika kwambiri pa Time 2, kuwongolera kuchotsera koyambirira. Phunziro 2: Ophunzira omwe adapewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula adawonetsa kuchotsera pang'ono kuposa omwe adadya chakudya chomwe amakonda.

Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndi mphoto ya kugonana yomwe imapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kusiyana ndi zinthu zina zakuthupi kumachita, ngakhale pamene kugwiritsa ntchito sikumangokakamizika. Kufufuza uku kumapereka chithandizo chofunikira, kusonyeza kuti zotsatira zimapita mopitirira kanthawi kochepa.

Kuonera zithunzi zolaula kungapangitse kugonana mwamsanga koma kungakhale ndi zotsatira zomwe zimakhudza ndi kumakhudza madera ena a moyo wa munthu, makamaka maubwenzi.

Zomwe akupezazi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula pa Intaneti ndi mphotho ya chiwerewere yomwe imapangitsa kuchedwa kuchotsa mosiyana kusiyana ndi mphoto zina zakuthupi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tione zolaula ngati zochititsa chidwi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tipindule, tipitirize kuphunziranso, komanso kuti tizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

22) Kukonda Kugonana ndi Kulimbana ndi Mavuto Osagwira Ntchito Kumadziwitsa Kukonda Kugonana pa Intaneti mwa Amuna Ogonana Ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha ( Laier et al. , 2015) – [zilakolako/kukhudzidwa kwambiri] – Chidule:

Zomwe zapezedwa posachedwa zawonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa kuwuma kwa cyberSex Addiction (CA) ndi chizindikiro cha kusangalala kwakugonana, ndikuti kuthana ndi zochitika zogonana kwasokoneza ubale pakati pazosangalatsa zakugonana ndi zizindikiro za CA. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuyesa kuyimira uku ngati anyamata amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mafunso amafufuza zizindikiro za CA, kuzindikira kukhudzidwa ndi kugonana, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, zoyambitsa kugonana, zovuta za malingaliro, ndi machitidwe ogonana m'moyo weniweni komanso pa intaneti. Komanso, onse adawonera makanema olaula ndikuwonetsa zodzionetsera kuti azigonana zisanafike komanso pambuyo pa kanema.

Zotsatira zinawonetsa kulumikizana mwamphamvu pakati pa zisonyezo za CA ndi zisonyezo za kusangalatsa kwakugonana ndi chisangalalo chogonana, kuthana ndi machitidwe azakugonana, ndi zizindikiro zamaganizidwe. CA sichinalumikizidwe ndi machitidwe azogonana osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kuthana ndi machitidwe azakugonana mosiyana gawo pakati pa chisangalalo chogonana ndi CA. Zotsatira zake zikufanana ndi zomwe amuna ndi akazi omwe amachita m'mabanja am'mbuyomu ndipo zimakambidwa motsutsana ndi zomwe ena amaganiza pa CA, zomwe zimawunikira gawo lolimbikitsa ndi losalimbikitsa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito cybersex.

23) Udindo wa Kutupa kwa Mitsempha mu Matenda a Matenda a Hypersexual ( Jokinen et al ., 2016) – [kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa kupsinjika maganizo ndi kutupa kwa mitsempha] – Kafukufukuyu adanenanso za kuchuluka kwa Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) m'magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino. Kuchuluka kwa TNF (chizindikiro cha kutupa) kwapezekanso mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso nyama zomwe zimamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mowa, heroin, meth). Panali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kuchuluka kwa TNF ndi miyeso yoyesera kugonana kwambiri.

24) Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza: Kuchuluka kwa Prefrontal ndi Limbic ndi Kuyanjana (Schmidt et al. , 2016) – [ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino komanso kukhudzidwa] – Iyi ndi kafukufuku wa fMRI. Poyerekeza ndi zowongolera zathanzi, anthu omwe ali ndi CSB (ozolowera zolaula) adakweza kuchuluka kwa amygdala kumanzere ndikuchepetsa kulumikizana pakati pa amygdala ndi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC. Kuchepa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa amygdala ndi prefrontal cortex kumagwirizana ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Akuganiza kuti kulumikizana koyipa kumachepetsa ulamuliro wa prefrontal cortex pa chikhumbo cha wogwiritsa ntchito chochita zosokoneza bongo. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti poizoni wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo angayambitse kuchepa kwa imvi ndipo motero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa amygdala mwa omwe amazolowera mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amygdala imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse akamaonera zolaula, makamaka akamakumana ndi chilakolako chogonana. Mwina zachilendo zogonana nthawi zonse komanso kufunafuna ndi kufunafuna kumabweretsa zotsatira zapadera pa amygdala mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zokakamiza. Kapenanso, zaka zambiri za chizolowezi cha zolaula ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri - ndipo kupsinjika maganizo kwa anthu ambiri kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa amygdala . Kafukufuku #16 pamwambapa adapeza kuti "ozolowera kugonana" ali ndi dongosolo lopanikizika kwambiri . Kodi kupsinjika maganizo kosatha kokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula, pamodzi ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kugonana kukhala kwapadera, kungachititse kuti munthu akhale ndi amygdala yambiri? Chidule:

Zomwe tapeza pano zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu m'dera lomwe likukhudzidwa ndi mphamvu zolimbikitsa komanso kulumikizana pang'ono kwa maukonde olamulira oyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Kusokonekera kwa maukonde otere kungafotokoze machitidwe olakwika okhudzana ndi mphotho yofunikira pa chilengedwe kapena kuyanjananso bwino ndi zizindikiro zolimbikitsa. Ngakhale kuti zomwe tapeza zikusiyana ndi zomwe zili mu SUD, zomwe zapezekazi zitha kuwonetsa kusiyana chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa za mitsempha chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi yayitali. Umboni womwe ukubwera ukuwonetsa kuti pali kuyanjana komwe kungachitike ndi njira yoledzera makamaka kuthandizira malingaliro olimbikitsa. Tawonetsa kuti zochita mu netiweki iyi zimakulitsidwa pambuyo pokumana ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino kapena zomwe amakonda [Brand et al., 2016 ; Seok ndi Sohn, 2015 ; Voon et al., 2014 ] pamodzi ndi kukondera kwambiri [Mechelmans et al., 2014 ] ndi chikhumbo chokhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana koma osati chilakolako chogonana chofala [Brand et al., 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ].

Kukulitsa chidwi pa zizindikiro zogonana kumagwirizanitsidwanso ndi kukonda zizindikiro zogonana motero kutsimikizira ubale pakati pa kukhazikika kwa zizindikiro zogonana ndi tsankho la chidwi [Banca et al., 2016 ]. Zomwe zapezekazi za ntchito yowonjezera yokhudzana ndi zizindikiro zogonana zimasiyana ndi zomwe zapezeka (kapena chilimbikitso chosakhazikika) momwe chizolowezi chowonjezereka, mwina chogwirizana ndi lingaliro la kulolerana, chimawonjezera kukonda zolimbikitsa zatsopano zogonana [Banca et al., 2016 ]. Zonsezi pamodzi zimathandiza kufotokoza za ubongo wa CSB womwe ukutsogolera kumvetsetsa bwino vutoli ndikuzindikira zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke zochiritsira.

25) Zochita za Ventral Striatum Mukaonera Zithunzi Zolaula Zokondedwa Zikugwirizana ndi Zizindikiro za Kusuta Zolaula pa Intaneti ( Brand et al ., 2016) – [kusinthika/kuzindikira kwakukulu] – Kafukufuku wa ku Germany wa fMRI. Kupeza #1: Ntchito ya malo opezera mphoto (ventral striatum) inali yapamwamba pa zithunzi zolaula zomwe amakonda. Kupeza #2: Kuchita bwino kwa Ventral striatum komwe kumagwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti. Zomwe zapezeka zonsezi zikusonyeza kukhudzidwa ndikugwirizana ndi chitsanzo cha chizolowezi . Olembawo akunena kuti "Maziko a Neural a chizolowezi cholaula pa intaneti ndi ofanana ndi chizolowezi china." Chidule:

Mtundu wina wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti anthu azionera zolaula komanso amaonerera zolaula pa Intaneti. Kafukufuku wa Neuroimaging anapeza zochitika zowonongeka pamene anthu adayang'ana zolaula zakugonana poyerekeza ndi zochitika zogonana zogonana. Ife tsopano tikuganiza kuti ventral striatum iyenera kuyankha pa zolaula zosakondedwa poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe sizikukondedwa ndi kuti zochitika za ventral striatum mu kusiyana kumeneku ziyenera kugwirizana ndi zizindikiro zowononga zolaula za pa Intaneti. Tinaphunzira ophunzira a 19 amuna amodzi ndi amuna omwe ali ndi chithunzi paradigm kuphatikizapo zithunzi zolaula zomwe sizinafune.

Zithunzi zochokera m'gulu losankhika zinayesedwa ngati zowonjezera, zosasangalatsa, komanso zoyenera. Yankho la Ventral striatum linali lolimba kwa chikhalidwe chochepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zosakondedwa. Ntchito yotchedwa Ventral striatum mu kusiyana kumeneku inagwirizanitsidwa ndi zidziwitso zodzionetsera zolaula za pa Intaneti. Chidziwitso chodzidzimutsa chidziwitso chidali chokhacho chodziwika bwino pakuyesa kutsutsana ndi kuyanjana kwachidziwitso monga zokhudzana ndi zizoloŵezi zowononga zolaula, zachidwi zokhudzana ndi kugonana, khalidwe lachiwerewere, kupsinjika maganizo, kukhudzidwa kwachinsinsi, ndi khalidwe la chiwerewere m'masiku otsiriza monga otsogolera . Zotsatira zimathandizira udindo wa ventral striatum pokonzekera mphotho kuyembekezera ndi kukondweretsa komwe kumagwirizana ndi zofuna zolaula zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Njira zothandizira mphotho zowonongeka zowonjezereka zingathandize kuti pakhale mafotokozedwe a neural omwe amachititsa kuti anthu ena azikonda komanso kugonana ali pachiopsezo choti asayambe kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti.

26) Kusintha kwa Chilakolako cha Kugonana ndi Kulumikizana kwa Mitsempha mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khalidwe Logonana Lokakamiza ( Klucken et al. , 2016) – [kuyanjana kwakukulu kwa cue/sensitization ndi ma circuits osagwira ntchito] – Kafukufuku wa fMRI waku Germany uyu adabwereza zomwe adapeza ziwiri zazikulu kuchokera ku Voon et al., 2014 ndi Kuhn & Gallinat 2014. Zomwe Zapezeka: Ma neural correlates a chilakolako cha kukhumba kugonana ndi kulumikizana kwa mitsempha adasinthidwa mu gulu la CSB. Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, kusintha koyamba - kukulitsa kuyambitsidwa kwa amygdala - kungawonetse kukhazikika kothandiza ("kulumikizana" kwakukulu ku zizindikiro zomwe kale zinali zosalowererapo zomwe zimaneneratu zithunzi zolaula). Kusintha kwachiwiri - kuchepa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa ventral striatum ndi prefrontal cortex - kungakhale chizindikiro cha kulephera kulamulira zikhumbo.

Ofufuzawo anati, “[Kusinthaku] kukugwirizana ndi maphunziro ena ofufuza za ma neural correlates a matenda osokoneza bongo ndi kulephera kwa kulamulira malingaliro.” Zomwe zapezeka pa kuyambitsa kwa amygdalar kwambiri ku zizindikiro ( sensitization ) ndi kuchepa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa malo opatsa mphotho ndi prefrontal cortex ( hypofrontality ) ndi ziwiri mwa kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumawonedwa mu chizolowezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuphatikiza apo, atatu mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula 20 omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo adadwala "matenda a orgasmic-erection." Chidule:

Mwachidziwitso, ntchitoyi inachulukitsa ntchito ya amygdala ndipo kugwirizanitsa kwa PFC kumaphatikizapo mfundo zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi matenda a CSB. Anthu omwe ali ndi CSB amawoneka kuti amatha kukhala ndi mayanjano pakati pa machitidwe osalowerera ndale komanso zolimbikitsa zachilengedwe. Choncho, nkhanizi zikukumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe loyandikira. Kaya izi zikutsogolera CSB kapena zotsatira za CSB ziyenera kuyankhidwa ndi kufufuza kobwerako. Kuonjezerapo, njira zowonongeka za malamulo, zomwe zimasonyezedwa ndi kugwirizanitsa kwazomwe zimakhala zovuta, zimathandizira kukonzanso khalidwe lovuta.

27) Kukakamizika Kugwiritsa Ntchito Molakwika Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Mphotho Zosakhala za Mankhwala ( Banca et al. , 2016) – [kuyankha/kuzindikira kwakukulu, mayankho olimbikitsidwa] – Kafukufuku wa fMRI wa ku Cambridge University akuyerekeza mbali za kukakamizika mwa anthu oledzera mowa, odya kwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito masewera apakanema ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (CSB). Zidule:

Mosiyana ndi matenda ena, CSB poyerekeza ndi HV inasonyeza kupeza mwachangu zotsatira za mphotho pamodzi ndi kupirira kwakukulu mu mkhalidwe wa mphotho mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira. Anthu a CSB sanasonyeze zovuta zinazake pakusintha kwa seti kapena kuphunzira kosinthika. Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe tapeza kale za kukonda kwambiri zolimbikitsa zokhudzana ndi zotsatira za kugonana kapena zachuma, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zimawonjezera chidwi ku mphotho ( Banca et al., 2016 ). Maphunziro ena pogwiritsa ntchito mphotho zazikulu akuwonetsedwa.

28) Kulakalaka Zolaula ndi Kuphunzira Mogwirizana Kumaneneratu Zizolowezi Zofuna Kukonda Kugonana Pa Intaneti mwa Chitsanzo cha Ogwiritsa Ntchito Kugonana Pa Intaneti Nthawi Zonse ( Snagkowski et al. , 2016) – [kuyankha/kuzindikira kwambiri, mayankho olimbikitsidwa] – Kafukufuku wapaderayu adalimbikitsa anthu kuti aziona zithunzi zolaula, zomwe zidaneneratu kuti chithunzicho chizioneka ngati chonyansa.

Palibe mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito matendawa. Ena amayandikira kufanana ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphunzira ndizofunika kwambiri. Mu phunziro ili, amuna a 86 amodzi amamaliza kugonana ndi Standard Pavlovian kupita ku Chida Choyendetsa Chosakanizidwa ndi zithunzi zolaula kuti afufuze maphunziro oyanjana pa chiwerewere. Kuonjezerapo, chilakolako chofuna kugonana chifukwa choonerera zithunzi zolaula ndi zizoloŵezi zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi machitidwe a zogonana ndi azimayi. Zotsatira zinasonyeza zotsatira za chilakolako chofuna kukhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugwiritsira ntchito chiwerewere, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuphunzira.

Zambiri, izi zikuwunikira gawo lofunikira pakuphunzitsidwa kophatikizana ndi chizolowezi cha cybersex, pomwe zikuwunikira umboni winanso wamphamvu wofanana pakati pa kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi vuto la cybersex. Mwachidule, zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti kuphunzira kophatikizana kumatha kutenga gawo lofunikira pokhudzana ndi kukulitsa chizolowezi cha cybersex. Zomwe tapeza zimapereka umboni wina wofanana pakati pa kusuta kwa bongo la cybersex ndi kudalira zinthu chifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chofuna kuphunzira komanso kuyanjana ndi maphunziro.

29) Kusintha kwa maganizo pambuyo poonera zolaula pa intaneti kumalumikizidwa ndi zizindikiro za vuto la kuonera zolaula pa intaneti ( Laier & Brand, 2016) – [kulakalaka/kusangalala kwambiri, kusakonda kwambiri] – Zidule:

Zotsatira zazikulu za kafukufukuyu ndikuti zizolowezi zowonera zolaula pa intaneti (IPD) zimalumikizidwa ndikumverera bwino, kudzuka, kukhazikika komanso kulimba mtima ndikudziwona kupsinjika pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti potengera kufunafuna chisangalalo komanso kupewa kukhudzidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zizolowezi za IPD zinali zokhudzana kwambiri ndi malingaliro asanafike komanso pambuyo poonera zolaula pa intaneti komanso kuwonjezeka kwenikweni kwakhazikika komanso bata.

Ubale pakati pa zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti unachepetsedwa ndi kuwunika kwa kukhutira kwa kugonana komwe kumachitika nthawi ya orgasm. Kawirikawiri, zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti kugonana ndi chinthu chogwirizana ndi chilimbikitso chofuna kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso kupewa kapena kuthana ndi malingaliro olakwika komanso lingaliro lakuti kusintha kwa malingaliro pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi IPD ( Cooper et al., 1999 ndi Laier and Brand, 2014 ).

30) Khalidwe lovuta la kugonana mwa achinyamata: Mabungwe osiyanasiyana m'machitidwe azachipatala, machitidwe, komanso ubongo (2016) - [ntchito yosauka ya woyang'anira] - Anthu omwe ali ndi Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Kugonana (PSB) adawonetsa zolakwika zingapo za ubongo. Zomwe zapezekazi zikuwonetsa kuti ntchito yoyang'anira siyikuyenda bwino (kusakhulupirika) komwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri muubongo chomwe chimapezeka mwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo . Zidule zingapo:

Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri chomwe mwapeza ndikuti PSB ikuwonetsa mayanjano akuluakulu omwe ali ndi zinthu zosafunikira, kuphatikizapo kudzichepetsa, kuchepa kwa moyo, kukwera kwa BMI, ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha mavuto ambiri ...

... N'zotheka kuti zigawo zachipatala zotchulidwa mu gulu la PSB kwenikweni zimakhala zotsatira za masukulu akuluakulu omwe amapangitsa onse awiriwa kukhala ndi ziwalo zina zachipatala. Chinthu chimodzi chimene chingathandize kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yochepa kwambiri yomwe ikupezeka mu gulu la PSB, makamaka zomwe zikukhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito, kukumbukira / kuwongolera, komanso kupanga chisankho. Kuchokera ku chiwonetsero ichi, ndizotheka kufufuza mavuto omwe amawoneka mu PSB ndi zina zowonjezereka, monga kusokonezeka maganizo, kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi ...

Ngati mavuto amalingaliro omwe atchulidwa mu ndondomekoyi ndizofunikira kwambiri za PSB, izi zikhoza kukhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri zachipatala.

31) Methylation ya majini okhudzana ndi HPA Axis mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la Hypersexual ( Jokinen et al ., 2017) – [kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa kupsinjika maganizo, kusintha kwa epigenetic] – Iyi ndi njira yotsatira ya #16 pamwambapa yomwe idapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana ali ndi machitidwe opsinjika maganizo osagwira ntchito – kusintha kwakukulu kwa neuro-endocrine komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chizolowezi. Kafukufuku wapano adapeza kusintha kwa epigenetic pamajini komwe kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakuyankha kwa kupsinjika kwa anthu komanso kogwirizana kwambiri ndi chizolowezi. Ndi kusintha kwa epigenetic, mndandanda wa DNA susinthidwa (monga momwe zimachitikira ndi kusintha kwa majini). M'malo mwake, jiniyo imayikidwa chizindikiro ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakwezedwa mmwamba kapena pansi ( kanema wachidule wofotokoza epigenetics ). Kusintha kwa epigenetic komwe kwanenedwa mu kafukufukuyu kudapangitsa kuti ntchito ya majini a CRF isinthe. CRF ndi neurotransmitter ndi mahomoni omwe amachititsa machitidwe osokoneza bongo monga zilakolako, ndipo ndi wosewera wamkulu mu zizindikiro zambiri zosiya kugonana zomwe zimapezeka zokhudzana ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zamakhalidwe , kuphatikiza chizolowezi cha zolaula.

32) Kufufuza Ubale Pakati pa Kukakamiza Kugonana ndi Kusankhana Maganizo ndi Mawu Okhudzana ndi Kugonana mu Gulu la Anthu Ogonana ( Albery et al. , 2017) – [kuyankha/kuzindikira kwambiri, kuletsa kukhudzidwa] – Kafukufukuyu akubwereza zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku wa 2014 Cambridge University , womwe unayerekeza kusankhana maganizo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula ndi anthu odziletsa. Nayi zomwe zatsopano: Kafukufukuyu adagwirizanitsa "zaka zogonana" ndi 1) zigoli za chizolowezi chogonana komanso 2) zotsatira za ntchito yosankhana maganizo.

Pakati pa omwe adapeza chizolowezi chogonana kwambiri, zaka zochepa zomwe adakumana nazo pa kugonana zinali zokhudzana ndi tsankho lalikulu la chidwi ( kufotokozera tsankho la chidwi ). Chifukwa chake kukakamizidwa kwambiri pakugonana + zaka zochepa zomwe adakumana nazo pa kugonana = zizindikiro zazikulu za chizolowezi (tsankho lalikulu la chidwi, kapena kusokoneza). Koma tsankho la chidwi limachepa kwambiri mwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amakakamizidwa, ndipo limatha pazaka zambiri zomwe adakumana nazo pa kugonana. Olembawo adatsimikiza kuti zotsatirazi zitha kusonyeza kuti zaka zambiri "zochita zogonana mokakamiza" zimapangitsa kuti munthu azizolowera kwambiri kapena azimva chisoni kwambiri (kuchepetsa chidwi). Chidule cha mfundo yomaliza:

Kulongosola komwe kungachitike pazotsatira izi ndikuti pamene munthu yemwe akukakamiza kugonana agwiritse ntchito njira yokakamiza kwambiri, template yokondweretsa yomwe ikugwirizana imayamba [36-38] ndikuti pakapita nthawi, machitidwe owonjezereka amafunikira kuti gawo lomwelo likwaniritsidwe. Amanenanso kuti munthu akamachita zinthu mokakamiza kwambiri, ma neuropathways amakakamizidwa kukhala ndizolimbikitsa kapena zithunzi zokhazika mtima ndipo anthu amatembenukira ku zoyeserera kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna. Izi zikugwirizana ndi ntchito yowonetsa kuti amuna 'abwinobwino' amakhala ndi zokondweretsa pakapita nthawi ndipo izi zimadziwika ndi mayankho achilendo komanso kusangalatsa [39].

Izi zikusonyeza kuti omwe akukakamiza kwambiri, omwe akuchita zachiwerewere amakhala 'olobodoka' kapena alibe chidwi ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za kugonana mwakuthupi ndipo chifukwa cha izi adatsitsa chidwi, pomwe iwo omwe ali ndi kukakamira kwambiri komanso omwe sazindikira zambiri chifukwa zoyambitsidwa zimawonetsa chidwi chodziwikiratu.

33) Kugwira Ntchito kwa Akuluakulu a Amuna Okonda Kugonana ndi Osakonda Kugonana Asanayambe ndi Ataonera Kanema Wogonana ( Messina et al ., 2017) – [kugwira ntchito molakwika kwa akuluakulu, zilakolako/kuzindikira kwambiri] – Kuonera zolaula kunakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa akuluakulu mwa amuna omwe ali ndi "makhalidwe okakamiza kugonana," koma osati olamulira abwino. Kugwira ntchito molakwika kwa akuluakulu akamakumana ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda osokoneza bongo (kusonyeza kusintha kwa ma prefrontal circuits ndi kudziwitsa ). Zidule:

Zomwe akupezazi zikuwonetseratu kusinthika kwa chidziwitso pambuyo pa kukondana ndi kugonana poyerekeza ndi anthu ogonana nawo. Deta iyi imachirikiza lingaliro lakuti amuna opondereza anzawo sagwiritse ntchito mwayi wophunzira kuchokera ku zochitika, zomwe zingachititse kusintha kusintha kwa khalidwe. Izi zikhoza kumvekanso monga kusowa kwa chidziwitso ndi gulu lochita zachiwerewere pamene adakakamizidwa kugonana, mofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya chiwerewere, zomwe zimayambira ndi kuchuluka kwa kugonana, potsatira chiwonetsero cha kugonana malemba komanso kenako, nthawi zambiri zokhudzana ndi zovuta.

34) Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zingakhale Zosokoneza? Kafukufuku wa fMRI wa Amuna Omwe Akufuna Chithandizo cha Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Movuta ( Gola et al ., 2017) - [kuyankha/kuzindikira kwakukulu kwa cue, mayankho olimbikitsidwa] - Kafukufuku wa fMRI wokhudza njira yapadera yochitira zinthu zolaula pomwe mawonekedwe omwe kale anali osalowererapo adaneneratu kuwoneka kwa zithunzi zolaula. Zidutswa:

Amuna omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula (PPU) komanso omwe alibe vuto anali osiyana muubongo wawo potengera zizindikiro zomwe zimaneneratu zithunzi zolaula, koma osati momwe amachitira zithunzi zolaula zokha, mogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha chilimbikitso cha zizolowezi . Kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo kumeneku kunaphatikizidwa ndi chilimbikitso chowonjezeka cha khalidwe kuti awone zithunzi zolaula ('kufuna' kwakukulu). Kugwira ntchito kwa ventral striatal kwa zizindikiro zomwe zimaneneratu zithunzi zolaula kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuopsa kwa PPU, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa sabata ndi kuchuluka kwa maliseche sabata iliyonse. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti monga mu matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kutchova juga, njira zamanjenje ndi machitidwe zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukonza zizindikiro zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri za PPU. Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti PPU ikhoza kuyimira chizolowezi cha khalidwe ndipo njira zothandizira kuthana ndi zizolowezi zamakhalidwe ndi zoledzeretsa ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zisinthe ndikugwiritsa ntchito pothandiza amuna omwe ali ndi PPU.

35) Miyeso Yozindikira ndi Yosazindikira ya Maganizo: Kodi Imasiyana ndi Kuchuluka kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula? ( Kunaharan et al. , 2017) – [chizolowezi kapena kuletsa kukhudzidwa] – Kafukufukuyu adayang'ana mayankho a ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kuwerenga kwa EEG & Kuyankha Kodabwitsa) ku zithunzi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhudzidwe ndi malingaliro - kuphatikizapo zolaula. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kusiyana kosiyanasiyana kwa mitsempha pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zochepa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri. Zidutswa:

Zakafukufuku zikusonyeza kuti ntchito yowonongeka yowonongeka ikuwoneka kukhala ndi mphamvu pa ubongo wosadziŵa mayankho ku zokopa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamasonyezedwe ndi kudziwonetsera koyera.

4.1. Ma Rating Omveka Bwino: Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, gulu logwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri linanena kuti zithunzi zolaula ndi zosasangalatsa kuposa gulu logwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Olembawo akuti izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha "zofewa" za zithunzi "zolaula" zomwe zili mu database ya IAPS zomwe sizipereka kuchuluka kwa chilimbikitso chomwe nthawi zambiri amachifuna, monga momwe Harper ndi Hodgins [ 58 ] adawonetsera kuti poonera zolaula pafupipafupi, anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri amafika powonera zinthu zoopsa kwambiri kuti akhalebe ndi chilakolako chofanana cha thupi.

Gulu la malingaliro "okoma" linawona ziwerengero za valence za magulu onse atatu kukhala zofanana kwambiri ndi gulu logwiritsa ntchito kwambiri lomwe linati zithunzizo ndi zosasangalatsa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi magulu ena. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zithunzi "zokoma" zomwe zaperekedwa zomwe sizikulimbikitsa mokwanira anthu omwe ali mgulu logwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Kafukufuku wasonyeza nthawi zonse kuchepa kwa thupi pokonza zinthu zomwe zimafuna kudya chifukwa cha chizolowezi mwa anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amafunafuna zolaula [ 3 , 7 , 8 ]. Ndi zomwe olembawo akunena kuti izi zitha kuchititsa zotsatira zomwe zawonedwa.

4.3. Kusinthasintha kwa Kusinthasintha kwa Kuthamanga (SRM): Kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwa amplitude komwe kumawoneka m'magulu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zochepa komanso zapakati kungafotokozedwe ndi omwe ali mgululi omwe amapewa mwadala kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, chifukwa angaone kuti sizosangalatsa kwenikweni. Kapenanso, zotsatira zomwe zapezeka zitha kukhala chifukwa cha chizolowezi, pomwe anthu m'magulu awa amaonera zolaula zambiri kuposa zomwe adazinena momveka bwino—mwina chifukwa cha manyazi pakati pa ena, chifukwa zotsatira za chizolowezi zawonetsedwa kuti zikuwonjezera kuyankha kwa kugwedezeka kwa maso [ 41 , 42 ].

36) Kukhudzidwa ndi Zolimbikitsa Zogonana Kumayambitsa Kuchepetsa Kwambiri Kumene Kumabweretsa Kuchuluka kwa Kutenga nawo Mbali mu Kusakhulupirika kwa Pa Intaneti Pakati pa Amuna ( Cheng & Chiou , 2017) – [ntchito yofooka ya woyang'anira, kulakalaka kwambiri - kuyesa koyambitsa] – Mu maphunziro awiri, kukhudzidwa ndi zokopa zogonana zomwe zimawonedwa kunapangitsa kuti: 1) kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kwa kuchotsera (kulephera kuchedwa kukhutira), 2) chilakolako chachikulu chochita zachinyengo za pa intaneti, 3) chilakolako chachikulu chogula zinthu zabodza ndikubera akaunti ya Facebook ya wina. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawonjezera kulakalaka ndipo kungachepetse ntchito zina za woyang'anira (kudziletsa, kuweruza, kuoneratu zotsatira zake, kuwongolera kulakalaka). Chidule:

Nthawi zambiri anthu amakumana ndi zolaula pa Intaneti. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kukakamiza kugonjetsa kugonana kungachititse kuti munthu asamangokhalira kuchita chidwi ndi amuna, monga momwe amachitira poyerekeza ndi nthawi yambiri (mwachitsanzo, chizoloŵezi chofuna kuchepa, kuchepa msanga kwa anthu akuluakulu, amtsogolo).

Pomalizira, zotsatira zamakono zimasonyeza kusonkhana pakati pa zolaula (mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsa zithunzi za akazi okongola kapena zovala zowononga zakugonana) ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa amuna pa zolakwika za cyber. Zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti kusayirira ndi kudziletsa kwa amuna, monga kuwonetseredwa ndi kuchotsera nthawi, kumakhala kolephera kuthetsa chilakolako chogonana. Amuna angapindule ndi kuwunika ngati zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimakhudzana ndi zosankha zawo ndi khalidwe lawo loipa. Zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti kukomana ndi kugonana kungayesetse amuna pamsewu wa kuphulika kwa cyber

Zotsatira zamakono zikusonyeza kuti kupezeka kwapamwamba kwa zolaula pa Intaneti kungakhale koyenderana kwambiri ndi khalidwe lachinyengo la amuna kuposa momwe timaganizira poyamba.

37) Zoneneratu za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti (Zovuta) Zinthu Zokhudza Kugonana: Udindo wa Khalidwe Lolimbikitsa Kugonana ndi Njira Yodziwikiratu Zizolowezi Zokhudza Zinthu Zokhudza Kugonana ( Stark et al. , 2017) – [kubwerezabwereza/kuzindikira/kulakalaka kwambiri] – Zidule:

Kafukufuku wamakono akufufuzira ngati zofuna zogonana ndi zofuna zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndizo zowonongeka za mavuto omwe SEM amagwiritsa ntchito komanso nthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana SEM. Poyesera, tinagwiritsa Ntchito Njira Yopewera (AAT) pofuna kuyesa njira zogonana zogonana. Kulumikizana bwino pakati pa njira yoyenera yowonekera ku SEM komanso nthawi yomwe yakhala ikuwonetsetsa SEM ikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi zotsatira zake: Njira yodalirika yowonjezereka ingathe kutanthauzidwa ngati chisamaliro choyang'ana kwa SEM. Nkhani yomwe ili ndi chidwi chenicheni ichi ikhoza kukopeka kwambiri ndi kugonana pa intaneti yomwe imakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo a SEM.

38) Kuzindikira Zolaula Zokhudzana ndi Kusuta Molakwika pogwiritsa ntchito Neurophysiological Computational Approach ( Kamaruddin et al., 2018) - Chidule:

Papepala lino, njira yogwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro cha ubongo kuchokera kumbali yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito EEG ikufunsidwa kuti muwone ngati wophunzirayo akhoza kukhala ndi zizolowezi zolaula kapena ayi. Zimakhala ngati njira yowonjezera ya mafunso ovomerezeka a maganizo. Zotsatira zowonetsera zimasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhala ndi mafilimu otsika a alpha m'madera ozungulira ubongo poyerekeza ndi osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zitha kuwonetsedwa pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA). Bungwe la theta likuwonetsanso kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa addicted and non-addicted. Komabe, kusiyana kuli kosaoneka ngati alpha band.

39) Kuchepa kwa zinthu za imvi ndi kusinthasintha kwa kulumikizana kwapakati pa gyrus ya temporal pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual ( Seok & Sohn , 2018) - [kuchepa kwa zinthu za imvi mu temporal cortex, kulumikizana koyipa pakati pa temporal cortex ndi precuneus & caudate] - Kafukufuku wa fMRI woyerekeza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana omwe adafufuzidwa mosamala ("khalidwe lovuta la hypersexual") ndi anthu olamulira bwino. Poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana omwe anali ndi vutoli anali ndi: 1) kuchepa kwa zinthu za imvi mu temporal lobes (madera okhudzana ndi kuletsa zilakolako zogonana); 2) kuchepa kwa precuneus kupita ku temporal cortex functional connection (kungasonyeze kusakhazikika kwa kuthekera kosuntha chidwi); 3) kuchepa kwa caudate kupita ku temporal cortex functional connection (kungalepheretse kulamulira kwa impulses kuchokera pamwamba kupita pansi). Zidule:

Zomwe zapezazi zikusonyeza kuti zolakwika zowonongeka pakati pa gyrus ndi nthawi yothandizira pakati pa gyrus ndi madera ena enieni (ie, precuneus ndi caudate) zingapangitse kukhumudwa ku chiwonongeko cha kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Choncho, zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka gyrus kungakhale mbali zina za PHB ndipo zikhoza kukhala zotsatiridwa ndi matenda a PHB.

Kukula kwakukulu kofunikira mu taniyoni yoyenera ndi kuwonjezereka kwa matayala a mbali ya kumanzere ndi STG yakumanzere anawonedwanso .... Choncho, nkotheka kuti kuwonjezeka kwa imvi nkhani ndi kuyanjana kwa ntchito mu cerebellum kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizoloŵezi cha anthu omwe ali ndi PHB.

Mwachidule, VBM yamakono ndi phunziro loyanjanitsa ntchito likuwonetsa zofooka zazikulu ndikusintha kagwiridwe ka ntchito mu grey ya pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB. Chofunika kwambiri, kugwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kulemera kwa PHB. Zotsatirazi zimapereka ndondomeko yatsopano mu njira zowonongeka za mpweya wa PHB.

40) Zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti: Kusiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi pankhani yokhudza chidwi ndi zolaula ( Pekal et al ., 2018) - [kukonzanso/kulimbikitsa chidwi, kukulitsa zilakolako]. Zidule:

 Olemba angapo amaganiza kuti zolaula-paintaneti-kugwiritsa ntchito vuto (IPD) ndi vuto losokoneza bongo. Imodzi mwa njira zomwe zaphunziridwa mwakhama pazovuta zamagulu osokoneza bongo komanso zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndizomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chazinthu zokhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo. Zosokoneza chidwi zimafotokozedwa ngati njira zakuzindikira zamaganizidwe amunthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chazomwe zimayambitsa chidwi cha zomwe zidachitikazo. Zimaganiziridwa mu mtundu wa I-PACE kuti mwa anthu omwe amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiritso za IPD kuzindikira konse komanso kuzindikira-kuyambiranso ndikukhumba kumawuka ndikuwonjezeka pakukonda. Kuti tifufuze zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha IPD, tidasanthula zitsanzo za amuna ndi akazi a 174. Kukonda chidwi kunayesedwa ndi Visual Probe Task, pomwe ophunzirawo amayenera kuchitapo kanthu pamivi yomwe imawonekera pambuyo pazithunzi zolaula kapena zosalowerera ndale.

Kuphatikiza apo, ophunzira adayenera kuwonetsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achite zachiwerewere zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi zithunzi zolaula. Kuphatikiza apo, zizolowezi zopita ku IPD zimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwapafupi kwa Internetsex Addiction. Zotsatira za phunziroli zikuwonetsa ubale pakati pa chidwi cha anthu komanso kuwonongeka kwa IPD pang'ono pakati ndi zizindikiro za kukhumbira komanso kusilira. Ngakhale abambo ndi amayi nthawi zambiri amasiyana munthawi zoyenera chifukwa cha zithunzi zolaula, kuwunika kosawerengeka kumawonetsera kuti kusamalana kumachitika pang'onopang'ono mwakugonana pogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro za IPD. Zotsatirazi zimathandizira kulingalira kwa mtundu wa I-PACE pokhudzana ndi kupendekera kwazinthu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo zimagwirizana ndi maphunziro omwe amafotokoza za kukonzanso komanso kufunafuna zovuta zamavuto osokoneza bongo.

41) Kusintha kwa Zochita za Prefrontal ndi Zotsika Parietal Panthawi ya Ntchito ya Stroop mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Khalidwe Lovuta la Hypersexual ( Seok & Sohn, 2018) - [kulamulira koyipa kwa akuluakulu - magwiridwe antchito a PFC]. Zidule:

Umboni wowonjezereka ukusonyeza mgwirizano pakati pamavuto oopsa ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (PHB) ndikuchepetsa kuwongolera. Kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB amawonetsa kusokonekera; Komabe, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pokhudzana ndi njira zamkati zomwe zimayendetsa utsogoleri wa PHB. Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ma neural correlates aulamuliro wamkulu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PHB ndikuwongolera athanzi pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zogwirizana ndi zochitika zamagetsi (fMRI).

Anthu makumi awiri ndi atatu omwe ali ndi PHB ndi ochita nawo machitidwe oyendetsa bwino a 22 adachita fMRI akugwira ntchito ya Stroop. Nthawi yankho ndi zolakwika zinayezedwa ngati zisonyezo za oyang'anira. Anthu omwe ali ndi PHB adawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ndi kutsitsa kuyendetsa kumanja kwa dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) ndi infariary parietal cortex wokhudzana ndi zowongolera zathanzi panthawi ya ntchito ya Stroop. Kuphatikiza apo, mayankho odalirika a okosijeni m'magawo awa anali ogwirizana ndi zovuta za PHB. DLPFC yoyenera ndi parietal cortex yotsika imalumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero chazidziwitso zapamwamba komanso chidwi chowonera, motsatana. Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PHB achepetsa kuwongolera kwa chiwongolero ndikuchepa kwa ntchito mu DLPFC yoyenera komanso parietal cortex yotsika, ndikupereka neural maziko a PHB.

42) Khalidwe ndi chilakolako cha boma mwa amuna omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti-zolaula-kugwiritsa ntchito matenda ( Antons & Brand , 2018) - [zilakolako zowonjezera, chilakolako chachikulu cha boma & khalidwe]. Zidule:

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti khalidwe lachiwerewere limagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba cha intaneti-zolaula-kugwiritsa ntchito matenda (IPD). Makamaka amuna omwe ali ndi khalidwe lapamwamba kwambiri komanso chikhalidwe chosafuna kudziwika pa zochitika zolaula za ntchito yoimitsa chizindikiro komanso omwe ali ndi chidwi chokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zoopsa za IPD.

Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti khalidwe ndi chilakolako cha munthu payekha zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa IPD. Malinga ndi njira ziwiri zoledzera , zotsatira zake zitha kusonyeza kusalingana pakati pa machitidwe opupuluma ndi owunikira omwe angayambitsidwe ndi zithunzi zolaula. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti munthu asathenso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngakhale akukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa.

43) Mbali za chilakolako ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo zimasiyanitsa pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti mosangalatsa komanso mosalamulirika ( Stephanie et al ., 2019) - [zilakolako zowonjezera, kuchepetsa kuchotsera (chinyengo), chizolowezi]. Zidule:

Chifukwa cha khalidwe lake lopindulitsa kwambiri, zolaula za pa intaneti (IP) ndi chandamale chokonzedweratu cha makhalidwe osokoneza bongo. Mapangidwe okhudzana ndi kutengeka maganizo apezeka kuti ndi omwe amalimbikitsa makhalidwe osokoneza bongo. Mu kafukufukuyu, tafufuza zizolowezi zosaganizira bwino (kutengeka maganizo, kuchedwetsa kuchotsera, ndi kalembedwe ka chidziwitso), chilakolako cha IP, malingaliro okhudza IP, ndi njira zothanirana ndi mavuto mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP mosangalala nthawi zina, mosangalala nthawi zonse, komanso mosalamulirika. Magulu a anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP mosangalala nthawi zina ( n = 333), omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mosangalala nthawi zambiri ( n = 394), komanso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mosasamala ( n = 225) adadziwika ndi zida zowunikira.

Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mosalamulirika adawonetsa zambiri zakulakalaka, chidwi, chidwi chochepetsera, komanso kuthana ndi zovuta, komanso zotsika kwambiri zothana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndikusowa kuzindikira. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti zina mwa zinthu zosakhudzidwa ndi zina monga kulakalaka komanso malingaliro olakwika ndizodziwika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito IP osalamulira. Zotsatira zake ndizofanananso ndi mitundu yazovuta zina zogwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso zizolowezi zawo ....

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP mosayang'aniridwa anali ndi malingaliro oipa kwambiri pa IP poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Zotsatirazi zitha kusonyeza kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP mosayang'aniridwa ali ndi chikhumbo chachikulu kapena chikhumbo chofuna kugwiritsa ntchito IP, ngakhale kuti mwina adakulitsa malingaliro oipa pakugwiritsa ntchito IP, mwina chifukwa adakumana kale ndi zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito IP. Izi zikugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cholimbikitsa anthu kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ( Berridge & Robinson, 2016 ), chomwe chikuwonetsa kusintha kuchoka pa kukonda kupita ku kufuna panthawi ya chizolowezi.

Chotsatira china chosangalatsa ndichakuti kukula kwa zotsatira za nthawi yoyeserera pambuyo pa hoc mu mphindi iliyonse, poyerekeza ogwiritsa ntchito osayang'aniridwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amasangalala nthawi zambiri, kunali kokwera poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amamwa IP mosalamulirika makamaka amavutika kusiya kuonera IP panthawi ya phunzirolo kapena amafunikira nthawi yayitali kuti apeze mphotho yomwe akufuna, yomwe ingafanane ndi mtundu wa kulekerera matenda ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zotsatira za kuwunika kwa diary, komwe kudavumbulutsa kuti kusuta zolaula ndi chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri mwa amuna omwe akufuna chithandizo omwe ali ndi machitidwe ogonana okakamiza ( Wordecha et al., 2018 ).

44) Kutsatira tsankho la zolimbikitsa chilakolako cha kugonana mwa ophunzira aku koleji achimuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ( Skyler et al. , 2019) - [tsankho lowonjezera la njira (kuzindikira)]. Zidule:

Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti ophunzira aku koleji achimuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amafulumira kufikako kuposa kupewa zolimbikitsa chilakolako panthawi ya ntchito ya AAT….. Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizananso ndi ntchito zingapo za SRC zomwe zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amasonyeza chizolowezi chochitapo kanthu m'malo mopewa zolimbikitsa chilakolako ( Bradley et al., 2004 ; Field et al., 2006 , 2008 ).

Ponseponse, zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa kuti njira yothanirana ndi zosokoneza bongo ikhoza kukhala yankho mwachangu kapena lokonzekera kuposa kupewa, komwe kungafotokozeredwe ndimasewera azikhalidwe zina zosokoneza bongo .. .. Kuphatikiza apo, zambiri pa BPS zinali zogwirizana ndi njira zambiri zokondera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhala kolimba, njira yolowera kukakamiza zolaula. Mgwirizanowu udathandizidwanso ndi zotsatira zomwe zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula, monga momwe adalembedwera ndi PPUS, adawonetsa zoposa 200% njira zoyeserera zolimbikitsa zolaula poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe alibe zovuta zolaula.

Poganizira zonsezi, zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kufanana pakati pa zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi khalidwe ( Grant et al., 2010 ). Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito movutikira) kunalumikizidwa ndi njira zofulumira zopezera chilakolako chogonana kuposa zolimbikitsa zopanda tsankho, njira yofanana ndi yomwe imapezeka m'mavuto ogwiritsa ntchito mowa ( Field et al., 2008 ; Wiers et al., 2011 ), kugwiritsa ntchito chamba ( Cousijn et al., 2011 ; Field et al., 2006 ), ndi matenda ogwiritsa ntchito fodya ( Bradley et al., 2004 ). Kugwirizana pakati pa zizindikiro zamaganizo ndi njira zamaganizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzoledzeretsa zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kumawoneka ngati kotheka, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu ( Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Stark et al., 2018 ).

45) Kuchepa kwa microRNA-4456 komwe kumakhudzana ndi hypermethylation mu vuto la hypersexual lomwe limakhudza kwambiri chizindikiro cha oxytocin: Kusanthula kwa DNA methylation ya majini a miRNA ( Bostrom et al. , 2019) - [dongosolo lovuta la nkhawa lomwe lingakhalepo]. Kafukufuku wa anthu omwe ali ndi hypersexuality (chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula) akuwonetsa kusintha kwa epigenetic komwe kumachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zidakwa. Kusintha kwa epigenetic kunachitika m'majini okhudzana ndi oxytocin system (yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pa chikondi, mgwirizano, chizolowezi, nkhawa, magwiridwe antchito ogonana, ndi zina zotero). Zidule:

Mu kusanthula kwa DNA methylation m'magazi otumphukira, timazindikira ma CpG-malo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi MIR708 ndi MIR4456 omwe ali osiyana kwambiri ndi methylated mu hypersexuality disorder (HD) odwala. Kuphatikiza apo, tikuwonetsa kuti hsamiR- 4456 yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi methylation locus cg01299774 imasungidwa modabwitsa pakudalira kwa mowa, kuwonetsa kuti ikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi chinthu chomwe chimawonetsedwa mu HD.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa njira yotsatsira oxytocin yomwe yadziwika mu phunziroli ikuwoneka kuti ili ndi chidwi kwambiri mu zambiri zomwe zimafotokozera HD monga momwe Kafka et al. [1], monga kukakamiza chilakolako chogonana, kukakamizidwa, kukakamizidwa komanso (kugonana).

Pomaliza, MIR4456 ili ndi mawu otsika kwambiri mu HD. Phunziro lathu limapereka umboni kuti DNA methylation ku cg01299774 locus imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufotokozera kwa MIR4456. MRR iyi imawunikira majini omwe amasonyezedwa mwapadera mu minyewa ya mu ubongo ndipo amatenga nawo mbali mu ma cell akuluakulu am'mitsempha yama cell omwe amaganiza kuti ndi othandiza pa pathogenesis ya HD. Zotsatira zathu kuchokera pakufufuza kosinthika mu epigenome kumathandizira kuwonjezera kuwunikira kwamabungwe obisika kusala kwa pathophysiology ya HD ndikutsindika kwapadera pa MIR4456 ndi udindo wake mu oxytocin regulation.

46) Kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa grey matter mu kulamulira kwa impulse ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ( Draps et al. , 2020) – [hypofrontaility: descreased prefrontal cortex & anterior cingulate cortex grey matter]. Zidule:

Apa timasiyanitsa magwiridwe am'mutu (GMVs) m'magulu aanthu omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere (CSBD), vuto la kutchova njuga (GD), komanso vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito moledzera (AUD) ndi omwe alibe mavutowa (otenga nawo mbali oyendetsa bwino; HCs).

Anthu omwe adakhudzidwa (CSBD, GD, AUD) poyerekeza ndi omwe adatenga nawo mbali pa HC adawonetsa ma GMV ang'onoang'ono kumanzere kutsogolo, makamaka mu orbitofrontal cortex. Kusiyana kwakukulu kudawonedwa m'magulu a GD ndi AUD, ndipo kochepa kwambiri m'gulu la CSBD. Panali ubale woipa pakati pa ma GMV ndi kuopsa kwa matenda mu gulu la CSBD. Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro za CSBD kunagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa GMV mu girisi yakumanja ya anterior cingulate.

Kafukufukuyu ndi woyamba kuwonetsa ma GMV ang'onoang'ono m'magulu atatu azachipatala a CSBD, GD ndi AUD. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kufanana pakati pa matenda enaake oletsa kusokonezeka maganizo ndi zizolowezi zina.

Kachilombo ka anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) kagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kuzindikira, kukonza zinthu zoipa [56],[57], kukonza zolosera zolakwika, kuphunzira mphotho [58], [59] ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa cue [60],[34]. Ponena za CSBD, zochita za ACC poyankha zizindikiro zogonana zinali zogwirizana ndi chilakolako chogonana mwa amuna omwe ali ndi CSBD [61]. Amuna omwe ali ndi CSBD adawonetsanso kukonda kwambiri zinthu zatsopano zogonana, zomwe zinali zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha ACC [62]. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zapezeka pano zikuwonjezera maphunziro am'mbuyomu posonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa ACC kumakhudzana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za CSBD mwa amuna.

47) Kuchuluka kwa Oxytocin m'magazi mwa Amuna Omwe Ali ndi Matenda a Hypersexual ( Jokinen et al. , 2020) [kuyankha kosayenera kwa kupsinjika maganizo].– Kuchokera ku gulu lofufuza lomwe linafalitsa maphunziro 4 am'mbuyomu a neuro-endocrine pa amuna "okonda kugonana/okonda zolaula". Chifukwa oxytocin imagwira ntchito poyankha kupsinjika maganizo, kuchuluka kwa magazi kumatanthauzidwa ngati chizindikiro cha kupsinjika maganizo kopitirira muyeso mwa anthu omwe amakonda kugonana. Kupeza kumeneku kukugwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu a wofufuzayo ndi maphunziro a mitsempha omwe akunena za kuyankha kosayenera kwa kupsinjika maganizo mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chosangalatsa n'chakuti, chithandizo (CBT) chinachepetsa kuchuluka kwa oxytocin mwa odwala omwe amakonda kugonana kwambiri. Zidule:

Matenda a Hypersexual (HD) ophatikiza ma pathophysiological monga kukakamira chilakolako chogonana, chizolowezi chogonana, kutengeka mtima ndikukakamizidwa adanenedwa kuti ndi matenda a DSM-5. "Compulsiveive Behaeve Disorder" tsopano yawonetsedwa ngati vuto lodziletsa ku ICD-11. Kafukufuku waposachedwa adawonetsa cholakwika cha HPA axis mwa amuna omwe ali ndi HD. Oxytocin (OXT) imakhudza magwiridwe antchito a HPA axis; palibe maphunziro omwe adayesa milingo ya OXT mwa odwala HD. Kaya chithandizo cha CBT chazizindikiro za HD chimakhudza magawo OXT sichinafufuzidwe.

Tinafufuza kuchuluka kwa OXT m'magazi mwa odwala 64 aamuna omwe ali ndi HD ndi amuna 38 odzipereka athanzi omwe ali ndi zaka zofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, tinafufuzanso mgwirizano pakati pa kuchuluka kwa OXT m'magazi ndi zizindikiro za HD pogwiritsa ntchito sikelo zoyezera khalidwe la hypersexual.

Odwala omwe ali ndi HD anali ndi milingo yokwera kwambiri ya OXT poyerekeza ndi odzipereka athanzi. Panali mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa milingo ya OXT ndi masikelo owerengera omwe amayesa khalidwe la hypersexual. Odwala omwe adamaliza chithandizo cha CBT adachepetsa kwambiri milingo ya OXT kuchokera kuchipatala asanayambe chithandizo. Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti dongosolo la oxytonergic logwira ntchito kwambiri mwa odwala amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual lomwe lingakhale njira yolipirira kuchepetsa dongosolo la nkhawa logwira ntchito kwambiri. Chithandizo chabwino cha gulu la CBT chingakhale ndi mphamvu pa dongosolo la oxytonergic logwira ntchito kwambiri.

48) Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti - Udindo wofunikira wa insula ( Anton & Brand , 2020) - [kulekerera kapena chizolowezi] - Olembawo akunena kuti zotsatira zawo zikusonyeza kulekerera, chizindikiro cha njira yoledzera. Zidule:

Kafukufuku wathu wapano akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati njira yoyamba yolimbikitsira kufufuzaku mtsogolo pokhudzana ndi mayanjano omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonda, kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta pa IP, kusintha kwa kusintha, komanso kudziletsa.

Mogwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu (monga Antons & Brand, 2018 ; Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016 ; Gola et al., 2017 ; Laier et al., 2013 ), tapeza mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa chilakolako cha munthu payekha ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za kugwiritsa ntchito IP movutikira m'mikhalidwe yonse iwiri . Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa chilakolako monga muyeso wa cue-reactivity sikunagwirizane ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za kugwiritsa ntchito IP movutikira, izi zitha kukhudzana ndi kulolerana (onani Wéry & Billieux, 2017 ) popeza zithunzi zolaula zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu sizinapangidwe payekhapayekha malinga ndi zomwe munthu amakonda. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zodziwika bwino zolaula zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito sizingakhale zolimba mokwanira kuti zipangitse cue-reactivity mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi zotsatira zochepa pamachitidwe osakhazikika, owunikira, komanso ozindikira komanso kuthekera koletsa.

Zotsatira za kuleza mtima ndi zinthu zolimbikitsa zingathandize kufotokoza momwe anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri amagwirira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusiyana kwa njira yolumikizirana ndi yowunikira. Kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito IP mwina kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyanjana pakati pa njira zolumikizirana, zowunikira, ndi zowunikirana.

Poganizira zonsezi, insula monga kapangidwe kake koyimira dongosolo lolumikizirana pakati pa anthu (interceptive system) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuletsa kufalikira kwa zithunzi zolaula. Deta ikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za kugwiritsa ntchito IP molakwika adachita bwino pantchitoyi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito ya insula panthawi yokonza zithunzi komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito panthawi yokonza zoletsa kufalikira kwa matenda. Kachitidwe kake ka ntchito kangakhale kochokera ku zotsatira za kulolerana, kutanthauza kuti, kuchepa kwa ntchito ya dongosolo losafulumira kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zowunikira komanso zowunikira zisamayende bwino.

Chifukwa chake, kusunthika kuchoka pakukakamizidwa kupita kumakhalidwe olimbikira chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta za IP kapena chifukwa chothandizira kupewa (zokhudzana ndi kupewa) kungakhale koyenera, kotero kuti zinthu zonse zimangoyang'ana pa ntchitoyi ndikupatuka pazithunzi zolaula. Phunziroli limathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino kwa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa IP komwe mwina sikuti kumachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana pakati pamagetsi apawiri koma komanso kulumikizana pakati pamagetsi.

49) Testosterone Yabwinobwino koma Miyezo Yapamwamba ya Ma Hormone a Luteinizing Plasma mwa Amuna Omwe Ali ndi Matenda a Hypersexual (2020) - [zingasonyeze kuyankha kolakwika kwa kupsinjika] - Kuchokera ku gulu lofufuza lomwe linafalitsa maphunziro 5 am'mbuyomu a neuro-endocrine pa "okonda kugonana" amuna (okonda kugonana/zolaula), kuwulula machitidwe osinthika a kupsinjika, chizindikiro chachikulu cha chizolowezi ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. ). Zidule:

Phunziroli, tinapeza kuti odwala amuna omwe ali ndi HD analibe kusiyana kwakukulu pamlingo wa testosterone wa plasma poyerekeza ndi odzipereka athanzi. M'malo mwake, anali ndi LH yapamwamba kwambiri.

HD ikuphatikizapo mu tanthauzo lake kuti khalidweli likhoza kukhala chifukwa cha matenda a dysphoric ndi kupsinjika maganizo, ¹ ndipo tanena kale za kusokonekera kwa ntchito ndi kuthamanga kwa HPA axis ¹³ komanso kusintha kwa epigenetic komwe kumachitika mwa amuna omwe ali ndi HD.

Pali kuyanjana kovuta pakati pa HPA ndi HPG axis, zonse zoyambitsa komanso zoletsa zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi gawo la kukula kwa ubongo. ²⁷ Zochitika zopsinjika kudzera mu zotsatira za HPA axis zingayambitse kuletsa kwa LH kuletsa komanso kubereka. ²⁷ Machitidwe awiriwa ali ndi kuyanjana kofanana, ndipo zoyambitsa kupsinjika koyambirira zimatha kusintha mayankho a neuroendocrine kudzera mu kusintha kwa epigenetic.

Njira zomwe zaperekedwa zitha kuphatikizapo kuyanjana kwa HPA ndi HPG, netiweki ya neural yopereka mphotho, kapena kuletsa kulamulira kwa kukakamiza kwa madera a prefrontal cortex. ³² Pomaliza, tikunena koyamba kuti kuchuluka kwa LH m'magazi mwa amuna okonda kugonana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi odzipereka athanzi. Zomwe zapezekazi zimathandiza kuti mabuku akule pakugwira ntchito kwa neuroendocrine systems ndi kusokonekera kwa HD.

50) Njira yotsatirira zokopa zachiwerewere pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji achikazi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula (2020) [sensitization and desensitization ] - Kafukufuku wa zamaganizo wa ku Europe pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachikazi akufotokoza zomwe zapezeka zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zawonedwa mu maphunziro okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Njira yotsatirira zolaula (sensitization) ndi anhedonia (desensitization) zinali zogwirizana bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti: " tapezanso mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa zigoli ndi zigoli za erotic approach bias pa SHAPS, zomwe zimawerengera anhedonia. Izi zikusonyeza kuti njira yotsatirira zokopa zachiwerewere ikakula, chisangalalo chomwe munthuyo adanenanso kuti akukumana nacho chimakhala chochepa ". Mwachidule, chizindikiro cha neuropsychological cha njira yoledzera chimagwirizana ndi kusowa chisangalalo (anhedonia). Zidule:

Njira yokonda, kapena chizolowezi chofuna kuchita zinthu zina kuti zisunthire thupi m'malo mopitikirako, ndichinthu chofunikira chazidziwitso zomwe zimakhudzana ndi machitidwe achizolowezi. Mitundu iwiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo imapangitsa kuti zizolowezi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamayende bwino chifukwa chamadongosolo, "osachita"
zoyendetsa ndi zowongolera. Kuchita zobwerezabwereza pamakhalidwe oluluzika kumatha kuyambitsa chizolowezi chodziwikiratu chomwe anthu amatha kufikira m'malo mopewa kukopeka nazo. Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ngati njira yolankhulirana zolaula yomwe ilipo pakati pa azimayi azaka zodziwika bwino a ku koleji omwe akuti amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Ophunzira adawonetsa tsankho lalikulu la njira ya 24.81 ms pa zokopa zachiwerewere poyerekeza ndi zokopa zandale, ndipo tsankho lake la njira yachiwerewere likugwirizana kwambiri ndi Zovuta Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Ziwerengero za Scale. Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapezeka kale zomwe zikunena za tsankho la njira yachiwerewere pakati pa amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse (Sklenarik et al., 2019; Stark et al., 2017).

Kuphatikiza apo, ziwerengero za tsankho la njira zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi anhedonia, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti njira yopezera zolimbikitsa zachiwerewere ikakula, anhedonia imawonedwa kwambiri. .... Izi zikusonyeza kuti tsankho la njira yopezera zolimbikitsa zachiwerewere likakula, chisangalalo chomwe munthuyo adanenanso sichimachepa.

51) Zida zakugonana zimasintha magwiridwe ogwirira ntchito ndikuwongolera ubongo kwa amuna omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu chokakamira (2020) - [kulimbikitsa ndi kugwira ntchito yosauka] - Zolemba:

Pa khalidwe, odwala adachepetsedwa ndi zithunzi zolaula kutengera momwe adagwiritsira ntchito zolaula sabata yatha, zomwe zidawonetsedwa ndi kuyambitsidwa kwakukulu kwa gyrus ya lingual. Kuphatikiza apo, gyrus ya lingual idawonetsa kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi insula panthawi yokonza zolaula m'gulu la odwala. Mosiyana ndi izi, anthu athanzi adawonetsa mayankho mwachangu akakumana ndi zithunzi zolaula zokhala ndi chidziwitso chambiri. Komanso, odwala adawonetsa kukumbukira bwino zithunzi zolaula pantchito yozindikira modzidzimutsa poyerekeza ndi zowongolera, polankhula za kufunika kwakukulu kwa zithunzi zolaula m'gulu la odwala. Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha chilimbikitso cha chizolowezi, makamaka kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi netiweki ya salience ndi insula ngati malo ofunikira komanso ntchito yayikulu ya chilankhulo panthawi yokonza zithunzi zolaula kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula posachedwapa.

.... Izi zitha kutanthauziridwa mwanjira yoti zinthu zolaula (mwina chifukwa cha njira zophunzirira) ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala motero zimayambitsa kusakhazikika (insula) ndi netiweki yowunikira (parietal yotsika), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yochitapo kanthu ikhale yochepa chifukwa chidziwitso chofunikira sichili chofunikira pa ntchitoyi. Kutengera zomwe zapezekazi, munthu angaganize kuti, kwa anthu omwe akuwonetsa CSB, zinthu zolaula zimakhala ndi zosokoneza zambiri ndipo motero zimakhala ndi luso lapamwamba. Pambuyo pake, detayo imathandizira IST ya chizolowezi mu CSB.

52) Mtengo wopindulitsa wa zolimbikitsa zogonana zomwe zimawonedwa mwa anthu umalembedwa mu striatum ya anthu ndi orbitofrontal cortex (2020) – [kudziwitsa ] – Zidule:

Munthu akamayesa VSS clip pa chilakolako chogonana kapena valence, zochita zambiri zomwe tidapeza mu NAcc, caudate nucleus ndi OFC panthawi yowonera VSS zimakhala zolimba. Kuphatikiza apo, mgwirizano pakati pa ziwerengero za chilakolako chogonana ndi NAcc komanso zochita za caudate nucleus unali wolimba kwambiri pamene anthu adanena zizindikiro zambiri za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta (PPU) zomwe zimayesedwa ndi s-IATsex.

Kusiyana kumeneku kwa anthu pa nkhani ya ma code okonda kungayimire njira yomwe imayang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito VSS molakwika komwe anthu ena amakumana nako. Sitinangopeza mgwirizano wa NAcc ndi zochita za caudate ndi ziwerengero zogonana panthawi yowonera VSS koma mphamvu ya mgwirizanowu inali yayikulu pamene munthuyo adanenanso za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kwambiri (PPU). Zotsatira zake zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti, mayankho amtengo wapatali mu NAcc ndi caudate amasiyanitsa kwambiri pakati pa zokonda zosiyanasiyana zomwe munthuyo amakonda, momwe munthuyo amakumana ndi PPU . Izi zimawonjezera maphunziro am'mbuyomu, komwe PPU yalumikizidwa ndi yankho lapamwamba kwambiri ku VSS poyerekeza ndi vuto lolamulira kapena losakondedwa [29,38]. Kafukufuku wina, pogwiritsanso ntchito ntchito ya SID, adapeza kuti ntchito ya NAcc yowonjezereka yogwirizana ndi PPU yowonjezereka panthawi yoyembekezera yokha [41]. Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti zotsatira zofanana, mwachitsanzo kusintha kwa njira yolimbikitsira yokhudzana ndi PPU, zitha kupezekanso mu gawo lopereka, koma pokhapokha ngati zomwe munthu amakonda ziganiziridwa. Kusiyanitsa kowonjezereka kwa zizindikiro zamtengo wapatali mu NAcc kungasonyeze kufunikira kowonjezereka kofunafuna ndi kuzindikira VSS yomwe amakonda panthawi yoledzera.

Popeza zotsatilazi zitha kuwerengedwa, zimatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu mthupi. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa chizindikiritso chamtengo wapatali kumatha kulumikizidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yomwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kufunafuna zinthu zolimbikitsa kwambiri, zomwe pambuyo pake zimabweretsa zovuta m'moyo wa munthu kapena akatswiri komanso kuvutika chifukwa cha mchitidwewu.

53) Sayansi ya Zaumoyo pa Kulankhulana kwa Zaumoyo: Kusanthula kwa fNIRS kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Prefrontal Cortex ndi Zolaula mwa Atsikana Achichepere Pakukonza Mapulogalamu Aumoyo Opewera Kupewa (2020) - Zolemba:

Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti kuonera kanema wolaula (motsutsana ndi kanema wolamulira) kumayambitsa kuyambika kwa dera la Brodmann's 45 la hemisphere yakumanja. Zotsatira zake zimawonekeranso pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kumwa komwe kunanenedwa ndi kuyambika kwa BA 45 yakumanja: kuchuluka kwa kumwa komwe kunanenedwa ndi munthu, kumakulirakulira. Kumbali ina, omwe sanagwiritsepo ntchito zithunzi zolaula sawonetsa ntchito ya BA 45 yakumanja poyerekeza ndi kanema wolamulira (kusonyeza kusiyana kwa khalidwe pakati pa osagula ndi ogula) . Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wina wopangidwa pankhani ya zizolowezi. Akuti dongosolo la mirror neuron likhoza kukhala lokhudzidwa, kudzera mu njira ya chifundo, zomwe zingayambitse chilakolako chogonana.

54) Zotheka zokhudzana ndi zochitika mu ntchito yosazolowereka iwiri yosankha ya kulephera kulamulira khalidwe pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (2020) - Zolemba:

Kulephera kudziletsa (BIC) amadziwika kuti amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukonda. Komabe, kafukufuku sanatsimikizire ngati izi zilinso vuto lokonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kafukufukuyu cholinga chake chinali kufufuza momwe BIC ikuyendera mwa amuna omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (TCA) pogwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kokhudzana ndi zochitika (ERPs) ndikupereka umboni wokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa BIC.

Anthu omwe ali ndi TCA anali opupuluma kwambiri kuposa omwe anali nawo pa HC ndipo anali ndi makhalidwe ofanana a neuropsychological ndi ERP okhudzana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zizolowezi zamakhalidwe, zomwe zimathandizira lingaliro lakuti chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti chingaganizidwe ngati chizolowezi chamakhalidwe.

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso, zotsatira zathu zikusonyeza kuti chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti chikufanana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso vuto la kulamulira maganizo pankhani ya kulephera kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso pamlingo wamagetsi ndi khalidwe. Zomwe tapeza zitha kuyambitsa mkangano wopitilira wokhudza kuthekera kwa chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti ngati mtundu watsopano wa matenda amisala.

55) Matenda a White matter microstructural ndi Compulsive Sexual Behaviors Disorder - Kafukufuku wa Diffusion Tensor Imaging - Kafukufuku wa B rain scan akuyerekeza kapangidwe ka White matter ka anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula/kugonana (CSBD) ndi anthu olamulira. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu olamulira ndi anthu omwe ali ndi CSB. Zidule:

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazofufuza zoyambirira za DTI zowunika kusiyana pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta zogonana zogonana komanso kuwongolera koyenera. Kusanthula kwathu kwaulula kuchepa kwa FA m'magawo asanu ndi amodzi aubongo m'mitu ya CSBD, poyerekeza ndi zowongolera. Timapepala tosiyanitsa tidapezeka mu cerebellum (mwina panali magawo amtundu womwewo mu cerebellum), gawo lobwezeretsa mkati mwa kapisozi wamkati, corona radiata yapakati kapena yoyera ya occipital gyrus yoyera.

Deta yathu ya DTI ikuwonetsa kuti ma neuron correlates a CSBD amalumikizana ndi madera omwe adanenedwa kale m'mabuku monga okhudzana ndi chizolowezi ndi OCD (onani dera lofiira mu Chithunzi 3 ). Chifukwa chake, kafukufukuyu wawonetsa kufanana kwakukulu pakuchepetsa kwa FA pakati pa CSBD ndi OCD ndi zizolowezi.

56) Kuchedwa kwa chilimbikitso cha kugonana mu scanner: Chidziwitso cha kugonana ndi kukonza mphotho, ndi maulalo okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika komanso chilimbikitso cha kugonana - Zomwe zapezekazi sizikugwirizana ndi njira yoledzera (cue-reactivity).

58) Kubwerezabwereza kwa orbitofrontal cortex ku zizindikiro zogonana mu Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (2021) - [kuzindikira - kubwerezabwereza kwakukulu kwa cue mu ventral striatum ndi anterior orbitofrontal cortex mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula poyerekeza ndi zowongolera zathanzi] Zolemba:

Kachitidwe ka ntchito komwe kamapezeka m'maphunziro a CSBD omwe ali ndi ma cortices apamwamba a parietal, supramarginal gyrus, pre and postcentral gyrus, ndi basal ganglia kungakhale chizindikiro cha kukulitsa (poyerekeza ndi zowongolera zathanzi) chidwi, somatosensory, ndi kukonzekera kwa magalimoto kuti alandire mphotho yolaula komanso kukwaniritsidwa ( kufuna) mu CSBD komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zolosera ( Locke & Braver, 2008 ; Hirose, Nambu, & Naito, 2018 ). Izi zikugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha Incentive Sensitization cha chizolowezi ( Robinson & Berridge, 2008 ) ndi deta yomwe ilipo pa cue-reactivity mu machitidwe osokoneza bongo ( Gola & Draps, 2018 ; Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017 ; Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Kraus et al., 2016b ; Potenza et al., 2017 ; Stark, Klucken, Potenza, Brand, & Strahler, 2018 ; Voon et al., 2014 )….

Chofunika kwambiri, ndi zotsatira za kusanthula kwa ROI, ntchitoyi ikukulitsa zotsatira zomwe zidasindikizidwa kale ( Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017 ) powonetsa kuti kuyankha kwakukulu kwa malipoti ku zizindikiro za mphotho zachiwerewere mu CSBD kumachitika osati kokha mu ventral striatum mu gawo loyembekezera mphotho komanso mu anterior orbitofrontal cortex (aOFC). Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika m'derali zikuwonekanso kuti zimadalira kuthekera kwa mphotho. Kusintha kwa chizindikiro cha BOLD kunali kwakukulu mwa anthu a CSBD kuposa m'ma controls athanzi, makamaka pamitengo yotsika ya mwayi, zomwe zingasonyeze kuti mwayi wotsika wopeza mphotho yachiwerewere suchepetsa chilimbikitso cha khalidwe chochulukira chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zizindikiro za mphotho zachiwerewere.

Kutengera ndi deta yathu, tinganene kuti aOFC imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothandiza kuti zizindikiro za mitundu inayake ya mphotho ziyambe kuchita zinthu zofunafuna mphotho mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali mu CSBD. Ndipotu, udindo wa OFC wakhala ukukhudzidwa ndi machitidwe a sayansi ya ubongo okhudza makhalidwe osokoneza bongo.

59) Umboni wa zamagetsi wosonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti (2021) [kuzindikira/kuchitapo kanthu pa zinthu zogonana komanso chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula/kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana] Kafukufukuyu adawunika momwe anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (nthawi yoyankha) komanso momwe ubongo umayankhira (EEG) ku zithunzi zolaula komanso zosalowerera ndale. Mogwirizana ndi Mechelmans et al. (2014) pamwambapa, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri . Chatsopano ndi chakuti kafukufukuyu adapeza umboni wa ubongo wosonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula poyamba anali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zidutswa:

Chiphunzitso cholimbikitsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kukondera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto linalake losokoneza bongo ( Field & Cox, 2008 ; Robinson & Berridge, 1993 ). Chiphunzitsochi chikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mobwerezabwereza kumawonjezera mphamvu ya dopaminergic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima komanso yolimbikitsa. Izi zimayambitsa khalidwe la anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli chifukwa chofuna kumva zomwe zachitika poyankha zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ( Robinson & Berridge, 1993 ). Pambuyo pokumana ndi chinthu cholimbikitsa mobwerezabwereza, zizindikiro zokhudzana nazo zimakhala zodziwika bwino komanso zokongola, zomwe zimakopa chidwi. Zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu zasonyeza kuti [ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo] kwenikweni anali ndi vuto lalikulu pakuweruza mitundu ya zithunzi zolaula poyerekeza ndi zomwe sizili mbali ya gulu. Umboni uwu ndi wofanana ndi zotsatira zomwe zanenedwa za khalidwe lokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ( Asmaro et al., 2014 ; Della Libera et al., 2019 ) ndi khalidwe losagwirizana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo khalidwe logonana ( Pekal et al., 2018 ; Sklenarik, Potenza, Gola, Kor, Kraus, & Astur, 2019 ; Wegmann & Brand, 2020 ).

Zotsatira zathu zatsopano ndi zakuti anthu omwe ali ndi [chizolowezi chogonana] adawonetsa kusintha koyambirira kwa P200 poyerekeza ndi zolimbikitsa zopanda tsankho poyankha zolimbikitsa kugonana. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi za Mechelmans et al. (2014) , omwe adanenanso kuti omwe adachita nawo zachiwerewere mokakamiza akuwonetsa chidwi chachikulu pa zogonana kuposa zolimbikitsa zopanda tsankho, makamaka panthawi yochedwa kuyambitsa (monga, kuyankhidwa koyambirira). P200 imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepetsa kukonza zolimbikitsa ( Crowley & Colrain, 2004 ). Chifukwa chake, zomwe tapeza pa P200 zikuwonetsa kuti kusiyana pakati pa zolimbikitsa zogonana ndi zosalowerera ndale kumatha kusankhidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi [chizolowezi chogonana] pamlingo woyambirira wa chisamaliro panthawi yokonza zolimbikitsa zochepa. Kuwonjezeka kwa P200 ku zolimbikitsa zogonana mu gulu la [chizolowezi chogonana] kumawonekera ngati chidwi chowonjezereka cha chidwi choyambirira chifukwa mphamvu ya zolimbikitsazi imawonjezeka. Kafukufuku wina wa ERP wokhudza chizolowezi cha mowa wavumbulutsa zomwe zapezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusankhana pakati pa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa njira zochizira (monga Nijs et al., 2010 ; Versace, Minnix, Robinson, Lam, Brown, & Cinciripini, 2011 ; Yang, Zhang, & Zhao, 2015 ).

Pambuyo pake, gawo lowongolera komanso lodziwika bwino la kukondera, kafukufukuyu adapeza matalikidwe otsika a LPP mwa omwe adakonda zolaula (gulu la TCA lalitali). Ofufuzawo akuwonetsa kukhazikika / kukhumudwa momwe zingathere pakupeza izi. Kuchokera pazokambirana:

Izi zitha kufotokozedwa m'njira zingapo. Choyamba, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana pa intaneti akhoza kuzolowera zithunzi zosawoneka bwino . Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti, ogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wowonera makanema olaula ndi makanema afupiafupi kuposa zithunzi zosawoneka bwino. Popeza makanema olaula amapanga chilakolako champhamvu cha thupi komanso chamalingaliro kuposa zithunzi zogonana, zithunzi zosasinthika zimapangitsa kuti munthu asayankhe kwambiri za kugonana ( Both, Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004 ). Chachiwiri, kukondoweza kwambiri kungayambitse kusintha kwakukulu kwa mitsempha ( Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 ). Makamaka, kuonera zithunzi zolaula nthawi zonse kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa imvi mu dorsal striatum, dera lokhudzana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana ( Arnow et al., 2002 ).

60) Kusintha kwa oxytocin ndi vasopressin mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula: Udindo wa chifundo [kuyankha kosayenera kwa nkhawa] Zolemba:

zomwe zapezedwa zikuwonetsa kusintha kangapo pakugwira ntchito kwa neuropeptide mu PPU ndikuwonetsa maulalo awo kuti achepetse chifundo komanso zizindikiro zowopsa zamaganizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa maubwenzi enieni pakati pa matenda amisala, AVP, oxytocin, chifundo komanso zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso kumvetsetsa maubwenzi amenewa kungathandize kutsogolera chithandizo chamankhwala….

Ngakhale kuti maphunziro asanapite kuchipatala amawonetsa mobwerezabwereza kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a oxytocin ndi AVP m'zitsanzo za nyama zomwe zimaledzera , palibe kafukufuku wakale wa anthu amene adayesa momwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PPU. Zotsatira zaposachedwa zikusonyeza kusintha kwa oxytocin ndi AVP mwa amuna omwe ali ndi PPU monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu milingo yoyambira, machitidwe a reactivity, neuropeptide balance, ndi maulalo omwe ali ndi hypersexuality yokhudzana ndi zolaula.

61) Kugwirizana kwa mitsempha ndi khalidwe la chilakolako cha kugonana kumasonyeza njira zonga kuledzera mu vuto la khalidwe logonana lokakamiza (2022) [kudziwitsa] Kafukufuku wa fMRI uyu adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula/kugonana (odwala a CSBD) amakhala ndi khalidwe losazolowereka komanso ntchito za ubongo panthawi yoyembekezera kuonera zolaula, makamaka mu ventral striatum. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adapezanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula/kugonana "ankafuna" zolaula kwambiri, koma "sanazikonde" kuposa zowongolera zathanzi. Zidule:

Chofunika kwambiri, kusiyana kwa makhalidwe kumeneku kukusonyeza kuti njira zokhudzana ndi kuyembekezera zinthu zokopa komanso zosakhudzana ndi kugonana zingasinthidwe mu CSBD ndikuthandizira lingaliro lakuti kupereka mphotho ku njira zokhudzana ndi kuyembekezera zofanana ndi zomwe zili mu matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zizolowezi zamakhalidwe zitha kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira mu CSBD, monga momwe adanenera kale ( Chatzittofis et al., 2016 ; Gola et al., 2018 ; Jokinen et al., 2017 ; Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Mechelmans et al., 2014 ; Politis et al., 2013 ; Schmidt et al., 2017 ; Sinke et al., 2020 ; Voon et al., 2014 ). Izi zinathandizidwanso ndi mfundo yakuti sitinaone kusiyana kwa ntchito zina zamaganizo poyesa kutenga zoopsa ndi kulamulira maganizo, kutsutsana ndi lingaliro lakuti njira zokhudzana ndi kukakamiza anthu ambiri zikugwira ntchito ( Norman et al., 2019 ; Mar, Townes, Pechlivanoglou, Arnold, & Schachar, 2022 ). Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, muyeso wa khalidwe ΔRT unagwirizana molakwika ndi zizindikiro za hypersexual ndi kukakamiza kugonana, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa khalidwe komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuyembekezera kumawonjezeka limodzi ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za CSBD….

Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kuti CSBD imalumikizidwa ndi kusinthika kwamakhalidwe omwe amayembekeza, omwe amagwirizananso ndi zochitika za VS poyembekezera zokopa. Zomwe zapezazi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti njira zofananira ndi zinthu zosokoneza bongo zimagwira ntchito mu CSBD ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti kugawa kwa CSBD ngati vuto lodziletsa kutha kutsutsidwa potengera zomwe zapezeka mu neurobiological.

62) Kulumikizana Kogwira Ntchito mu Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugonana Okakamiza - Kuwunikanso Kwadongosolo kwa Mabuku ndi Kafukufuku pa Amuna Osagonana (2022) [kudziwitsa]

Tidapeza fc yowonjezereka pakati pa gyrus yakumanzere yakumanzere ndi pulane yakumanja ndi polare, insula yakumanja ndi kumanzere, kumanja kwa Supplementary Motor Cortex (SMA), parietal operculum yakumanja, komanso pakati kumanzere kwa supramarginal gyrus ndi planum polare yakumanja, komanso pakati kumanzere kwa orbitofrontal cortex ndi kumanzere kumtunda poyerekeza CSBD ndi HC. Kutsika kwa fc kunawonedwa pakati pa gyrus yapakati yakumanzere ndi insula ya mayiko awiri ndi parietal operculum yakumanja.

Kafukufukuyu anali kafukufuku wamkulu woyamba wowonetsa maukonde aubongo a 5 omwe amasiyanitsa odwala a CSBD ndi HC.

Maukonde ogwira ntchito muubongo amasiyanitsa CSBD ndi HC ndipo amapereka chithandizo cholimbikitsira ngati njira yomwe imayambitsa zizindikiro za CSBD.

63) Kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi vuto la khalidwe logonana lokakamiza (2023)

CSBD imalumikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwaubongo, komwe kumathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino kwa CSBD ndikulimbikitsa kufotokozeranso njira za neurobiological zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

Zizindikiro za CSBD zinali zowopsa kwambiri mwa anthu omwe amawonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu wa cortical.

Zotsatira za maphunziro am'mbuyomu ndi kafukufuku wapano zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti CSBD imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwaubongo m'madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kulimbikitsa, chizolowezi, kuwongolera, ndi kukonza mphotho.

Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kuti CSBD imalumikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwaubongo. Kafukufukuyu amapereka zidziwitso zamtengo wapatali mu gawo lomwe silinadziwike kwambiri la kufunikira kwachipatala ndipo limalimbikitsa kumveketsa bwino kwa njira za neurobiological zomwe zili pansi pa CSBD, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti pakhale chithandizo chamankhwala chamtsogolo. Zomwe zapezazi zingathandizenso kukambirana kosalekeza ngati gulu lamakono la CSBD ngati vuto lodziletsa ndiloyenera.

64) Kukonda kudya ndi zolaula kumapangitsa kuti anthu azisangalala kwambiri m'madera olandira mphoto kuposa ndalama ndi masewera.

"Zotsatirazi zimagwirizana ndi kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu wosonyeza kuti zolaula zili ndi mphamvu zosokoneza bongo chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zogwira mtima komanso zodzutsa chilakolako."

65) Ma Neural Correlates a Kusankha Kwambiri Kudzera mu Zizindikiro Zolaula Zosaoneka Mwa Anthu Omwe Ali ndi Chizolowezi Chogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zovuta: Kafukufuku wa ERP Pogwiritsa Ntchito Ntchito Yofufuza Dot (2024)

"[Kuyankha kwaubongo] kudawulula kuti anthu omwe amakonda kwambiri PPU amawonetsa matalikidwe okulirapo otsekeka a P1 kutsatira zithunzi zolaula zobisika (zovomerezeka) poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zosalowerera ndale (zosavomerezeka). Kuphatikiza apo, kuuma kwa chizindikiro cha PPU kumagwirizana bwino ndi kusiyana kwa matalikidwe a P1 pakati pa zovomerezeka ndi zosavomerezeka. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kukhazikika kwa chidwi chojambulidwa ndi zolaula komanso kuthandizira lingaliro la kutengeka kokhudzana ndi zizolowezi panthawi yosadziwa. ”

66) Zotsatira za Nkhani Zolaula pa Kugwira Ntchito Yokumbukira Pakati pa Anthu Omwe Ali Pachiwopsezo Chogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zovuta (2026)

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta (PPU) kukuonedwa ngati chizolowezi cha khalidwe…. Zolaula zitha kusokoneza ntchito yokumbukira zinthu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zapamwamba za PPU, zomwe mwina zikuwonetsa chidwi chowonjezeka pazidziwitso zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Kufooka kwa chidziwitso kumeneku kungakhale kofunikira pakusunga ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwa PPU.

67) Kukumbukira kosalekeza kwa chilakolako mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta (2026)

Kutengera zomwe zapezeka zatsopano za neurobiological, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro amakono okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chokhudza kusintha kwa mphotho komanso kukumbukira chilakolako, timati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kuyenera kuonedwa ngati chizolowezi cha khalidwe.

68) What happens in the brains of sexually compulsive women? An fMRI study on compulsive sexual behavior disorder in women (2026)

Brain response of women with CSBD is similar to men, but most women reported compulsive sexual encounters, whereas prior male samples predominantly involved PPU [problematic porn use].

Pamodzi kafukufuku wamanjenje awa adati:

1. Ubongo waukulu wa 3 woledzera umasintha: kulimbikitsa, deensitizationndipo chinyengo.
2. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zosauka mu deraal striatum).
3. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepetsera mphindi zowonongeka kwa dera pamene mukuwona mwachidule zithunzi za kugonana.
4. Ndipo ntchito zambiri zolaula chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi akusokoneza kugwirizana ubongo pakati pa dera mphoto ndi prefrontal kotekisi.
5. Addicts anali ndi ntchito yoyenera kugonana, koma zochepetsetsa ubongo kuti zikhale zovuta (zimayenderana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo).
6. Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula kumayesetseratu kuchepetsa kuchepetsa (kusatheka kuchepetsa kukondweretsa). Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha ntchito yogwira ntchito yosauka.
7. 60% ya zolaula zomwe zidawasokoneza mu kafukufuku wina adakumana ndi ED kapena otsika kwambiri ndi anzawo, koma osati ndi zolaula: onse adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kumayambitsa ED / low libido.
8. Kupititsa patsogolo chisokonezo yofanana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amasonyeza kutengeka (mankhwala a DeltaFosb).
9. Kufuna kwambiri & kulakalaka zolaula, koma osakukondani kwambiri. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mtundu wovomerezeka wa chizolowezi - kulimbikitsana.
10. Zizoloŵezi zoipa zimakonda kwambiri zachiwerewere koma ubongo wawo umakhala mofulumira kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere. Osatipo kale.
11. Achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amachitanso chidwi kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika m'zipatala.
12. EEG yapamwamba (P300) imawerengedwa pamene ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula amadziwika ndi zolaula (zomwe zimachitika mu zovuta zina).
13. Zopanda zofuna kugonana ndi munthu amene akugwirizana ndi chidziwitso chochuluka-kukwaniritsa zolaula.
14. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maulamuliro apansi a LPP pakuwona mwachidule zithunzi za kugonana: zikuwonetsa chizoloŵezi kapena chilakolako chofuna kugonana.
15. Majekesi osayenerera a HPA komanso kusintha maulendo a ubongo, omwe amapezeka m'zoledzeretsa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo (komanso amygdala voliyumu, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi vuto lachikhalidwe).
16. Kusintha kwa Epigenetic pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamapanikizidwe komanso kuwonongeke kwambiri.
17. Maseŵera apamwamba a Matenda a Necrosis Factor (TNF) - omwe amapezeranso mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso oledzeretsa.
18. Chosowa mu nkhani yamtundu wakuda; kuyanjana kosasokonezeka pakati pa mgwirizano wa nthawi ndi zigawo zina zambiri.
19. Kukhudzika kwakukulu kwa boma.
20. Yachepetsedwa preortalal cortex ndi anterior cingulate grey nkhani ya imvi poyerekeza ndi yoyendetsa bwino.
21. Kuchepetsa kwa zinthu zoyera poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera koyenera.

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Zolemba zomwe zikulembetsa maphunziro ofunikira ndi maumboni olakwika a debunking:

Kusokoneza zabodza:

1. Gary Wilson akuwulula zowona pamaphunziro a 5 omwe amafalitsa mabodza amanena kuti zithandizira kunena kuti zolaula zilibe komanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumapindulitsa kwambiri: Gary Wilson - Kafukufuku Wolaula: Zoona Kapena Zopeka (2018).
2. Debunking "N'chifukwa Chiyani Timakayikirabe za Kuonera Zolaula?? ", Ndi Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause (2018).
3. Momwe mungazindikire nkhani zotsutsana: Amanena Prause et al. 2015 (kunena zabodza kuti imayambitsa chizolowezi cha zolaula), pomwe ikusiya maphunziro opitilira 40 aubongo omwe amathandizira kuti azichita zolaula.
4. Ngati mukufuna kusanthula kafukufuku yemwe simungapeze patsamba lino la "Critiques of Questionable & Misleading Study", onani tsamba ili: Pulogalamu ya Porn Science Deniers (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" ndi "PornographyResearch.com"). Imawunika a YBOP olowa nawo malonda'"Tsamba lofufuzira," kuphatikizapo maphunziro ake osankhidwa bwino, kukondera, kusiyanasiyana, ndi chinyengo.
5. Kodi Yoswa Grubbs akukoka ubweya m'maso mwathu ndi kufufuza kwake "kolaula"? (2016)
6. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, Review Reid ndizosavomerezeka ("Zithunzi Zolaula Chifukwa cha Kusayendetsa Makhalidwe Abwino: Njira Yophatikizira Yopenda Mwadongosolo ndi Kufufuza Meta") 2018.
7. Anthu Ambiri Amagwiritsa Ntchito Zopanda Pang'ono Pang'ono Ndiponso Sakanakhalanso Zokhulupilira Kuti Amakhala Osokonezeka (2017)
8. Mtsutso wa: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zolakwika zatsopano maulosi oledzeretsa"
9. Op-ed: Ndani kwenikweni amene amanyoza sayansi pa zolaula? (2016)
10. Wolemba Justin Lehmiller "Kodi Kusokonezeka kwa Erectile Kumene Kumayambira pa Amuna Achichepere?"(2018)
11. Wolemba Kris Taylor "Zoonadi zovuta zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula ndi erectile dys function"(2017)
12. ndipo Debunking "Kodi muyenera kuda nkhaŵa za erectile zosokonekera? ” - wolemba The Daily Dot a Claire Downs. (2018)
13. Kutulutsa nkhani ya "Men's Health" yolembedwa ndi Gavin Evans: "Kodi Kuonera Zambiri Zolaula Zimakupatsani Erectile Dysfunction?"(2018)
14. Momwe zolaula zimasokonekera ndi umuna wanu, Wolemba Philip Zimbardo, Gary Wilson & Nikita Coulombe (Marichi, 2016)
15. Zambiri pa zolaula: sungani ubale wanu-yankho la Marty Klein, Wolemba Philip Zimbardo & Gary Wilson (Epulo, 2016)
16. Kudandaula David Ley anayankha Philip Zimbardo kuti: "Tiyenera kudalira sayansi yabwino mu zokambirana za zolaula"(March, 2016)
17. Yankho la YBOP kwa Jim Pfaus "Khulupirirani wasayansi: kuledzera kugonana ndi nthano"(January, 2016)
18. Yankho la YBOP kuzineneza mu David Ley ndemanga (January, 2016)
19. Azimayi oletsa kugonana amatsutsa zolaula-amachititsa ED kupempha kuti azigonana ndi vuto (2016)
20. David Ley akuukira kayendetsedwe ka Nofap (May, 2015)
21. RealYourBrainOnPorn tweets: Daniel Burgess, Nicole Prause & pro-porn allies amapanga tsamba lokonda kutsatsa komanso mawayilesi ochezera kuti athandizire zokambirana za zolaula (kuyambira Epulo, 2019).
22. Zoyeserera za Prause kuti athetse Wilson zidasokonekera; Lamulo lake loletsa linawakana ngati lopanda pake ndipo ali ndi ngongole yayikulu ya loya pamlandu wa SLAPP.
23. Kodi Kudziyesa Kuti Ndizovuta Pazakugonana? Kanema debunking Madita Oeming's "Chifukwa Chake Tiyenera Kuleka Kuzitchula Zolaula".

Mndandanda wamaphunziro oyenera (okhala ndi mawu ochepa):

• Zolaula ndi zogonana? Mndandandawu uli ndi zofufuza zoposa 40 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula / zolaula ku mavuto a kugonana ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. The Zotsatira za 7 zoyambirira mumndandanda ukuwonetsa zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana.
• Zotsatira za zovuta pazoyanjana? Kufufuza kwa 80 kumalumikiza zolaula kumachepetsa kugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale.
• Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji maganizo ndi maganizo? Pazofufuza za 85 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thanzi lakuthupi lamaganizidwe & zotsatira zazidziwitso zosauka.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimakhudza zikhulupiliro, malingaliro ndi machitidwe? Kafukufuku wapamwamba wa 40 amalumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi "malingaliro osakondera" kwa amayi komanso malingaliro ogonana.
• Zofufuza za 60 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo).
• Kulingalira mfundo yosalimbikitsidwa yolankhulidwa yakuti "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana" akufotokozera zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana: Kafukufuku wopitilira 25 amanamizira kuti zachiwerewere & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana".

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Pamodzi kafukufuku wamanjenje awa adati:

1. Ubongo waukulu wa 3 woledzera umasintha: kulimbikitsa, deensitizationndipo chinyengo.
2. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zosauka mu deraal striatum).
3. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepetsera mphindi zowonongeka kwa dera pamene mukuwona mwachidule zithunzi za kugonana.
4. Ndipo ntchito zambiri zolaula chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi akusokoneza kugwirizana ubongo pakati pa dera mphoto ndi prefrontal kotekisi.
5. Addicts anali ndi ntchito yoyenera kugonana, koma zochepetsetsa ubongo kuti zikhale zovuta (zimayenderana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo).
6. Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula kumayesetseratu kuchepetsa kuchepetsa (kusatheka kuchepetsa kukondweretsa). Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha ntchito yogwira ntchito yosauka.
7. 60% ya zolaula zomwe zidawasokoneza mu kafukufuku wina adakumana ndi ED kapena otsika kwambiri ndi anzawo, koma osati ndi zolaula: onse adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kumayambitsa ED / low libido.
8. Kupititsa patsogolo chisokonezo yofanana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amasonyeza kutengeka (mankhwala a DeltaFosb).
9. Kufuna kwambiri & kulakalaka zolaula, koma osakukondani kwambiri. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mtundu wovomerezeka wa chizolowezi - kulimbikitsana.
10. Zizoloŵezi zoipa zimakonda kwambiri zachiwerewere koma ubongo wawo umakhala mofulumira kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere. Osatipo kale.
11. Achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amachitanso chidwi kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika m'zipatala.
12. EEG yapamwamba (P300) imawerengedwa pamene ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula amadziwika ndi zolaula (zomwe zimachitika mu zovuta zina).
13. Zopanda zofuna kugonana ndi munthu amene akugwirizana ndi chidziwitso chochuluka-kukwaniritsa zolaula.
14. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maulamuliro apansi a LPP pakuwona mwachidule zithunzi za kugonana: zikuwonetsa chizoloŵezi kapena chilakolako chofuna kugonana.
15. Majekesi osayenerera a HPA komanso kusintha maulendo a ubongo, omwe amapezeka m'zoledzeretsa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo (komanso amygdala voliyumu, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi vuto lachikhalidwe).
16. Kusintha kwa Epigenetic pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamapanikizidwe komanso kuwonongeke kwambiri.
17. Maseŵera apamwamba a Matenda a Necrosis Factor (TNF) - omwe amapezeranso mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso oledzeretsa.
18. Chosowa mu nkhani yamtundu wakuda; kuyanjana kosasokonezeka pakati pa mgwirizano wa nthawi ndi zigawo zina zambiri.
19. Kukhudzika kwakukulu kwa boma.
20. Yachepetsedwa preortalal cortex ndi anterior cingulate grey nkhani ya imvi poyerekeza ndi yoyendetsa bwino.
21. Kuchepetsa kwa zinthu zoyera poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera koyenera.

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Zolemba zomwe zikulembetsa maphunziro ofunikira ndi maumboni olakwika a debunking:

Kusokoneza zabodza:

1. Gary Wilson akuwulula zowona pamaphunziro a 5 omwe amafalitsa mabodza amanena kuti zithandizira kunena kuti zolaula zilibe komanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumapindulitsa kwambiri: Gary Wilson - Kafukufuku Wolaula: Zoona Kapena Zopeka (2018).
2. Debunking "N'chifukwa Chiyani Timakayikirabe za Kuonera Zolaula?? ", Ndi Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause (2018).
3. Momwe mungazindikire nkhani zotsutsana: Amanena Prause et al. 2015 (kunena zabodza kuti imayambitsa chizolowezi cha zolaula), pomwe ikusiya maphunziro opitilira 40 aubongo omwe amathandizira kuti azichita zolaula.
4. Ngati mukufuna kusanthula kafukufuku yemwe simungapeze patsamba lino la "Critiques of Questionable & Misleading Study", onani tsamba ili: Pulogalamu ya Porn Science Deniers (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" ndi "PornographyResearch.com"). Imawunika a YBOP olowa nawo malonda'"Tsamba lofufuzira," kuphatikizapo maphunziro ake osankhidwa bwino, kukondera, kusiyanasiyana, ndi chinyengo.
5. Kodi Yoswa Grubbs akukoka ubweya m'maso mwathu ndi kufufuza kwake "kolaula"? (2016)
6. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, Review Reid ndizosavomerezeka ("Zithunzi Zolaula Chifukwa cha Kusayendetsa Makhalidwe Abwino: Njira Yophatikizira Yopenda Mwadongosolo ndi Kufufuza Meta") 2018.
7. Anthu Ambiri Amagwiritsa Ntchito Zopanda Pang'ono Pang'ono Ndiponso Sakanakhalanso Zokhulupilira Kuti Amakhala Osokonezeka (2017)
8. Mtsutso wa: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zolakwika zatsopano maulosi oledzeretsa"
9. Op-ed: Ndani kwenikweni amene amanyoza sayansi pa zolaula? (2016)
10. Wolemba Justin Lehmiller "Kodi Kusokonezeka kwa Erectile Kumene Kumayambira pa Amuna Achichepere?"(2018)
11. Wolemba Kris Taylor "Zoonadi zovuta zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula ndi erectile dys function"(2017)
12. ndipo Debunking "Kodi muyenera kuda nkhaŵa za erectile zosokonekera? ” - wolemba The Daily Dot a Claire Downs. (2018)
13. Kutulutsa nkhani ya "Men's Health" yolembedwa ndi Gavin Evans: "Kodi Kuonera Zambiri Zolaula Zimakupatsani Erectile Dysfunction?"(2018)
14. Momwe zolaula zimasokonekera ndi umuna wanu, Wolemba Philip Zimbardo, Gary Wilson & Nikita Coulombe (Marichi, 2016)
15. Zambiri pa zolaula: sungani ubale wanu-yankho la Marty Klein, Wolemba Philip Zimbardo & Gary Wilson (Epulo, 2016)
16. Kudandaula David Ley anayankha Philip Zimbardo kuti: "Tiyenera kudalira sayansi yabwino mu zokambirana za zolaula"(March, 2016)
17. Yankho la YBOP kwa Jim Pfaus "Khulupirirani wasayansi: kuledzera kugonana ndi nthano"(January, 2016)
18. Yankho la YBOP kuzineneza mu David Ley ndemanga (January, 2016)
19. Azimayi oletsa kugonana amatsutsa zolaula-amachititsa ED kupempha kuti azigonana ndi vuto (2016)
20. David Ley akuukira kayendetsedwe ka Nofap (May, 2015)
21. RealYourBrainOnPorn tweets: Daniel Burgess, Nicole Prause & pro-porn allies amapanga tsamba lokonda kutsatsa komanso mawayilesi ochezera kuti athandizire zokambirana za zolaula (kuyambira Epulo, 2019).
22. Zoyeserera za Prause kuti athetse Wilson zidasokonekera; Lamulo lake loletsa linawakana ngati lopanda pake ndipo ali ndi ngongole yayikulu ya loya pamlandu wa SLAPP.
23. Kodi Kudziyesa Kuti Ndizovuta Pazakugonana? Kanema debunking Madita Oeming's "Chifukwa Chake Tiyenera Kuleka Kuzitchula Zolaula".

Mndandanda wamaphunziro oyenera (okhala ndi mawu ochepa):

• Zolaula ndi zogonana? Mndandandawu uli ndi zofufuza zoposa 40 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula / zolaula ku mavuto a kugonana ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. The Zotsatira za 7 zoyambirira mumndandanda ukuwonetsa zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana.
• Zotsatira za zovuta pazoyanjana? Kufufuza kwa 80 kumalumikiza zolaula kumachepetsa kugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale.
• Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji maganizo ndi maganizo? Pazofufuza za 85 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thanzi lakuthupi lamaganizidwe & zotsatira zazidziwitso zosauka.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimakhudza zikhulupiliro, malingaliro ndi machitidwe? Kafukufuku wapamwamba wa 40 amalumikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi "malingaliro osakondera" kwa amayi komanso malingaliro ogonana.
• Zofufuza za 60 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo).
• Kulingalira mfundo yosalimbikitsidwa yolankhulidwa yakuti "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana" akufotokozera zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana: Kafukufuku wopitilira 25 amanamizira kuti zachiwerewere & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana".

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