ICD-11 ya World Health Organisation: Kugonana Kwachiwerewere

ICD-11

Tsambali likufotokoza za njira yomwe Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder idavomerezedwa ndi World Health Organisation ku ICD-11. Onani pansi pa tsamba la mapepala otsutsana ndi magulu a CSBD.

Zolaula Zimazindikirika Pogwiritsa Ntchito Buku la WHO's Diagnostic Manual (ICD-11)

Monga momwe mwamvera, mu 2013 akonzi a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), omwe amalemba matenda amisala, anakana kuwonjezera matenda otchedwa "Hypersexual Disorder." Kuzindikira koteroko kukanagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zizolowezi zogonana. Akatswiri amati izi zabweretsa mavuto akulu kwa omwe akuvutika:

Kulekerera kumeneku kwaletsa kuletsa, kufufuza, ndi kuyesa, ndikusiya asing'anga opanda chidziwitso chothetsera vuto la chiwerewere.

Bungwe la World Health Organization kuti lipulumutse

Bungwe la World Health Organization limafalitsa buku lake lothandizira matenda, lotchedwa International Classification of Diseases (ICD) , lomwe lili ndi ma code opezera matenda onse odziwika, kuphatikizapo matenda amisala. Limagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo limafalitsidwa pansi pa ufulu wovomerezeka.

Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani DSM imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku United States? APA imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito DSM m’malo mwa ICD chifukwa APA imapeza ndalama zambiri pogulitsa zinthu zake zokhudzana ndi DSM. Komabe, kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi, akatswiri ambiri amadalira ICD yaulere. Ndipotu, manambala a ma code m’mabuku onse awiriwa amagwirizana ndi ICD.

Kusindikiza kotsatira kwa ICD, ICD-11, idalandiridwa mu Meyi, 2019, ndipo pang'onopang'ono idzafalitsidwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Nachi chilankhulo chomaliza.

Nawa mawu a matenda:

6C72 Matenda a khalidwe logonana lokakamiza amadziwika ndi kulephera kulamulira zilakolako kapena zilakolako zogonana zomwe zimabwerezabwereza zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azichita zinthu zogonana mobwerezabwereza. Zizindikiro zake zingaphatikizepo kuchita zinthu zogonana mobwerezabwereza kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthuyo mpaka kufika ponyalanyaza thanzi lake ndi chisamaliro chake kapena zinthu zina, zochita zake ndi maudindo ake; kuyesetsa kochuluka kolephera kuchepetsa kwambiri khalidwe logonana mobwerezabwereza; komanso kupitiriza kuchita zinthu zogonana mobwerezabwereza ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake ndi zoipa kapena kusakhutira nazo kwenikweni. Kulephera kulamulira zilakolako kapena zilakolako zogonana mwamphamvu komanso khalidwe logonana mobwerezabwereza kumaonekera kwa nthawi yayitali (monga miyezi 6 kapena kuposerapo), ndipo kumayambitsa mavuto aakulu kapena kusokonekera kwakukulu m'magawo a munthu payekha, m'banja, pagulu, pamaphunziro, pantchito, kapena m'magawo ena ofunikira. Kusakhazikika komwe kumakhudzana ndi zigamulo zamakhalidwe abwino komanso kusavomereza zilakolako zogonana, zilakolako, kapena makhalidwe sikokwanira kukwaniritsa izi.

Zofunikira (zofunikira):

  • Mchitidwe wosalekeza wolephera kulamulira zilakolako zogonana zamphamvu, zobwerezabwereza kapena zilakolako zomwe zimabweretsa chizolowezi chogonana, chowonetsedwa mu chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:

    • Kugonana mobwerezabwereza kwakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa munthu mpaka kunyalanyaza thanzi ndi chisamaliro chaumwini kapena zofuna zina, zochita ndi maudindo.
    • Munthuyo wayesetsa kambirimbiri kosatheka kuwongolera kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri machitidwe ogonana obwerezabwereza.
    • Munthuyo akupitirizabe kuchita chiwerewere mobwerezabwereza ngakhale zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zoipa (monga mikangano ya m’banja chifukwa cha khalidwe logonana, mavuto azachuma kapena malamulo, kusokoneza thanzi).
    • Munthuyo amapitirizabe kuchita zachiwerewere mobwerezabwereza ngakhale pamene munthuyo sakhutira kwenikweni ndi zimenezo.

  • Mchitidwe wolephera kulamulira zilakolako zogonana zobwerezabwereza, zobwerezabwereza kapena zolakalaka komanso zotsatira zake zobwerezabwereza zogonana zimawonekera kwa nthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo, miyezi 6 kapena kupitilira apo).

  • Mchitidwe wolephera kulamulira zilakolako zogonana zobwerezabwereza kapena kubwerezabwereza zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogonana mobwerezabwereza sizimaganiziridwa bwino ndi vuto lina lamalingaliro (mwachitsanzo, Manic Episode) kapena matenda ena ndipo sichifukwa cha zotsatira za chinthu kapena mankhwala.

  • Mchitidwe wobwerezabwereza wa kugonana umabweretsa kupsinjika maganizo kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwaumwini, banja, chikhalidwe, maphunziro, ntchito, kapena mbali zina zofunika za kachitidwe. Kupsinjika maganizo komwe kumakhudzana kwathunthu ndi kuweruza kwamakhalidwe komanso kusagwirizana ndi zilakolako zakugonana, zilakolako, kapena machitidwe sikukwanira kukwaniritsa izi.

Kuzindikira kwatsopano kwa " Compulsive sexual behavior disorder " (CSBD) kukuthandiza anthu kupeza chithandizo ndikuthandizira ofufuza kufufuza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza. Komabe, nkhaniyi ndi yandale kwambiri kotero kuti akatswiri ena azachiwerewere apitiliza kampeni yawo yokana kuti matendawa akuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza. Iyi ndi mkangano waposachedwa kwambiri mu kampeni yayitali kwambiri . Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zoyesayesa zaposachedwa, onani Ofalitsa nkhani molakwika mapepala owunikidwa ndi anzawo ndi zinthu zosakira za ICD-11 kuti alimbikitse mabodza akuti ICD-11 ya WHO "inakana chizolowezi cha zolaula ndi chizolowezi chogonana".

Mu 2022, ICD-11 inayesetsa kuthetsa zoyesayesa za akatswiri ogonana zomwe zinali zoyendetsedwa ndi cholinga chawo mwa kusintha gawo la " Zowonjezera Zachipatala " kuti litchule "kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula" mwachindunji.

Matenda a Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder angasonyezedwe m'makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo khalidwe logonana ndi ena, kudziseweretsa maliseche, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula , kugonana pa intaneti (kugonana pa intaneti), kugonana pafoni, ndi mitundu ina yogonana mobwerezabwereza.

Pakadali pano, ICD-11 yatenga njira yosungira, yodikira ndikuwona ndipo yayika CSBD mu gulu la "Impulse control disorders" (komwe kutchova juga kunayambira isanasamutsidwe ku gulu lotchedwa " Mavuto chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena machitidwe osokoneza bongo ." Kafukufuku wowonjezereka adzatsimikizira malo ake omaliza. (Pakadali pano, DSM yolamulidwa ndi sexology yasinthidwa popanda kuphatikiza CSBD konse! Zodabwitsa.

Mkangano wamaphunziro uli pachimake, monga mukuwonera pansi pa tsamba ili. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamaganizo ndi oledzeretsa amapitiliza sayansi yawo yoyambira pakusintha kwaubongo komwe kumafanana ndi zizolowezi zonse (makhalidwe ndi zinthu). Ofufuza za kugonana akupitirizabe kuteteza zachiphamaso, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa ndi ndondomeko ("zolaula sizingakhale vuto") kufufuza ndi zofalitsa zabodza.

Njira zoyambira

Kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti zizolowezi za khalidwe ( kusuta chakudya , kutchova njuga , masewera apakanema , kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi chizolowezi chogonana ) ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimagawana njira zambiri zofanana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu mu kapangidwe ka ubongo ndi kapangidwe kake.

Poganizira za kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi kwaposachedwa, zotsutsa za chitsanzo cha chizolowezi chogonana zikuchulukirachulukira ndipo zachikale ( ndipo palibe maphunziro omwe adatsutsa chitsanzo cha chizolowezi chogonana ). Pothandizira chitsanzo cha chizolowezi, tsopano pali maphunziro opitilira 60 a ubongo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula/okonda kugonana . Kupatulapo kamodzi kokha, amavumbula kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumafanana ndi komwe kumachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (ndi ndemanga zambiri zochokera ku sayansi ya ubongo za mabukuwa ). Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro angapo amanena za zomwe zapezeka mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kulekerera), kuzolowera zolaula, komanso zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito - zomwe zonse ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za chizolowezi.

Nkhani zaumishonale

ICD imathandizidwa ndi World Health Organisation. Malinga ndi cholinga cha ICD's Purpose, “Imalola dziko kuyerekeza ndi kugawana chidziwitso chaumoyo pogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chofala. ICD imatanthauzira chilengedwe cha matenda, zovuta, kuvulala ndi zina zokhudzana ndi thanzi. Mabungwewa amalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane kuti zonse zitheke. ” (World Health Organization, 2018). Choncho, cholinga chake ndi kuphimba vuto lililonse lovomerezeka la thanzi, kotero kuti likhoza kuwonedwa ndi kuphunziridwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Madokotala onse (akatswiri amisala, akatswiri amisala, akatswiri azamisala azachipatala, opereka chithandizo chamankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso omwe amagwira ntchito zopewera) amakonda kwambiri kuzindikirika kwa ICD kwa CSBD.

Komabe, kumbukirani kuti pali maphunziro ena. Ambiri omwe siachipatala, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi zolinga zawo. Angakhalenso ndi zolimbikitsa zomwe zimatsutsana ndi kupeza odwala chithandizo chomwe akufunikira, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ndi mawu okweza kwambiri m'manyuzipepala. Magulu omwe nthawi zina amagwera m'gulu losakhala lachipatala ili atha kupezeka m'ma media odziwika bwino a psychology, mafakitale amasewera ndi zolaula (ndi ofufuza awo), akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu, akatswiri ena okhudzana ndi kugonana, ndi ofufuza atolankhani.

Si zachilendo kuti mafakitole akulu azilipira “atsogoleri amalingaliro” olimbikira kuti alankhule mokomera maudindo omwe mafakitale oterowo angafune kuti akhale / akhalebe mfundo. Chifukwa chake, mukamawerenga zolemba m'manyuzipepala ambiri, kumbukirani kuti maphunziro osiyanasiyana mwina ali ndi zolinga zosiyana kwambiri. Ndikwanzeru kukayikira ngati zolinga za olankhula ena zimapititsa patsogolo ubwino wa anthu, kapena kusokoneza ubwino wa anthu.

Mkangano wa Classification: Mapepala okhudza momwe mungasankhire bwino CSBD mu ICD-11 (ndi mawu ochokera kwa ena):

Mogwirizana ndi njira zamakono zoganizira za makhalidwe osokoneza bongo (monga Brand et al., 2019 ; Perales et al., 2020 ), timanena kuti kuganizira njira yogwiritsira ntchito njira kungathandize kufotokoza ngati CSBD ingakhale yabwino kwambiri mkati mwa dongosolo la chizolowezi.

Mu ndemanga iyi, ikukambidwa ngati Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) ili bwino m'gulu la Impulse Control Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder kapena chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi Masewero ndi Kutchova Njuga monga chizolowezi chosokoneza bongo. Zomwe zikutsatizanazi ndi izi: kulephera kudziletsa pa khalidwe lopambanitsa, kupereka patsogolo khalidwe lochulukitsitsa lomwe likufufuzidwa ndi kulimbikitsa khalidwe lotere ngakhale zotsatira zake zimakhala zoipa. Kupatula umboni wotsimikizika wokhudzana ndi njira zoyambira, phenomenology imakhalanso ndi gawo lofunikira pakuyika bwino CSBD. Zochitika za phenomenological za CSBD zimalankhula momveka bwino ya kuyika CSBD pansi pa ambulera yamakhalidwe osokoneza bongo.

Kuwonjezera pa udindo wa zifukwa zolimbikitsa zoipa zomwe Gola et al. (2022) amalongosola ngati njira yayikulu pakukula kwa CSBD, m'chipatala, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa njira yopitira patsogolo yofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zifukwa zabwino zolimbikitsira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kwambiri. Kusintha kumeneku pakukula 4. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa momwe izi zingayambitse zizindikiro "zonga chizolowezi" zomwe zimakhala ndi mbali ya kusakhazikika, kukakamizidwa, ndi chizolowezi.

Ngakhale kuti Brand ndi ogwira nawo ntchito amayang'ana kwambiri ngati malingaliro ndi njira zomwe zimathandizira kuti anthu azikhala ndi zizolowezi zoyipa ndizomveka, titha kuyembekezera ndipo tiyenera kulimbikitsa mkangano wokhudzana ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi zizolowezi…

..kufunika kwa njira yolumikizirana yazaumoyo wa anthu pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zinthu zina zosokoneza bongo ndizofunika kwambiri pakuchepetsa zovulaza. Kumene maphunziro ochokera kuntchito yokhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu okhudzana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso vuto la kutchova njuga, ali okhudzana ndi zizolowezi zina zomwe akufuna kuchita, izi zitha kukhala zifukwa zomveka zophatikizidwira pansi pa rubriki iyi.

Ndemanga iyi ikuyang'ana zomwe Brand et al. (2022) ponena za chimango chofotokoza njira zoyenera zoganizira zomwe zingachitike m'gulu la World Health Organisation's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) la 'mavuto ena odziwika chifukwa cha zizolowezi'. Timavomereza ndondomekoyi pamene ikuwonetseratu zochitika zachipatala zomwe zimafuna magulu omwe amavomerezana ndi ndondomeko kuti apange njira zodziwira matenda komanso chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, tikuganiza kuti tiwonjezere kufunikira kozindikira zomwe zitha kukhala zosokoneza bongo mwa kuphatikiza muyeso wachinayi wa meta-level: 'umboni wa mabuku otuwa'.

Sintha. Onani nkhani izi za 2 pazinthu: