Kafukufuku wonena zomwe wapeza zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula (kulekerera), malo okhala ndi zolaula, komanso zodziletsa

Introduction

Anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso nthawi zambiri amafotokoza kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zawo zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuonera kapena kufunafuna mitundu yatsopano ya zolaula. Mitundu yatsopano yomwe imayambitsa mantha, kudabwitsa, kuphwanya ziyembekezo kapena ngakhale nkhawa imatha kugwira ntchito yowonjezera chilakolako chogonana, ndipo mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe mayankho awo ku zolimbikitsa akuchepa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, izi ndizofala kwambiri.

Norman Doidge MD analemba za izi m'buku lake la 2007 lakuti The Brain That Changes Itself :

Mliri wa zolaula womwe ukuchitika panopa ukuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti anthu akhoza kupeza zokonda zogonana . Zithunzi zolaula, zomwe zimaperekedwa kudzera pa intaneti yothamanga kwambiri, zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse kuti ubongo usinthe .... Pamene ojambula zithunzi zolaula amadzitama kuti akukakamiza anthu kuti alowe m'malo mwa kuyambitsa mitu yatsopano, yovuta, chomwe sanena ndichakuti ayenera kuchita, chifukwa makasitomala awo akukulitsa kulekerera zomwe zili mkati.

Masamba akumapeto kwa magazini owopsa a amuna ndi masamba azolaula a pa intaneti ali ndi zotsatsa zamankhwala amtundu wa Viagra-mankhwala opangidwira amuna achikulire omwe ali ndi mavuto a erectile okhudzana ndi ukalamba komanso otseka mitsempha yamagazi mbolo. Masiku ano anyamata omwe amaonera zolaula amaopa kwambiri kusowa mphamvu, kapena "kuwonongeka kwa erectile" monga momwe amatchulidwira. Mawu osocheretsa amatanthauza kuti amunawa ali ndi vuto m'mibadwo yawo, koma vuto lili m'mutu mwawo, m'mapu awo ogonana. Mbolo imagwira ntchito bwino akagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Siziwachitikira kawirikawiri kuti pakhoza kukhala ubale pakati pa zolaula zomwe akudya komanso kusowa mphamvu kwawo.

Mu 2012 reddit/nofap idapanga kafukufuku wa mamembala, womwe udapeza kuti zokonda zogonana za mamembala ake zoposa 60% zidakula kwambiri, kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolaula.

Q: Kodi zokonda zanu zolaula zasintha?

Zomwe ndimakonda sizikusintha kwambiri - 29%
Zomwe ndimakonda zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kapena zosokoneza ndipo izi zinandipangitsa manyazi kapena nkhawa - 36%
Ndipo ... zokonda zanga zidayamba kukhala zopitilira muyeso kapena zopatuka ndipo izi zidatero osati ndipangeni manyazi kapena nkhawa - 27%

Ndipo nayi umboni wa 2017 wochokera ku PornHub wakuti kugonana kwenikweni kukuchepa chidwi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zolaula sizikuthandiza anthu kupeza zomwe amakonda "zenizeni"; zikukuwapangitsa kuti azichita zinthu zachilendo komanso "zosatheka":

Zikuwoneka kuti izi zikuyenda kwambiri kuzopeka kuposa zenizeni. Zithunzi zolaula za 'Generic' zikulowedwa m'malo ndi zongopeka kapena zochitika zina. Kodi izi zikuchitika chifukwa chotopetsa kapena chidwi? Chinthu chimodzi chotsimikizika; 'kutuluka, kutuluka' sikukhutitsanso anthu ambiri, omwe akufunafuna china chosiyana ”adatero Dr.

Chitsimikizo chokha cha meme chomwe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula sachikulitsa ndi buku la Ogas ndi Gaddam lomwe limatsutsidwa kwambiri lakuti " A Billion Wicked Thoughts " ndi zomwe amanena kuti zokonda zowonera zolaula zimakhalabe zokhazikika moyo wonse. Ogas & Gaddam adafufuza kusaka kwa AOL kuyambira 2006, kwa nthawi yochepa ya miyezi itatu. Nayi chidule kuchokera ku positi ya blog ya Ogi Ogas pa Psychology Today:

Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kuwonera zolaula kumapangitsa mtundu wina wamachitidwe a neural kutsogolera kutsetsereka kofunafuna zinthu zambiri zosokonekera, komanso maumboni ambiri osonyeza kuti zofuna za amuna achikulire ndizokhazikika.

Monga momwe YBOP idanenera mu ndemanga ziwiri ( 1 , 2 ):

Owerenga zithunzi ayenera kufufuzidwa zaka zoposa kutenga mtundu wa zosintha zosangalatsa amuna akulipoti. Miyezi itatu sali okwanira.
Ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula samagwiritsa ntchito Google kuti apeze zolaula. M'malo mwake, amatsogoleredwa ku tsamba lawo lokonda kwambiri. Kulimbana ndi mtundu watsopano (womwe uli pambali ya mbali) umachitika pamene wogwiritsa ntchito maliseche.

Ngati maphunziro omwe ali pansipa sakukhutiritsa mokwanira, kafukufuku wa 2017 uyu akuwononga meme yomwe imati zofuna za ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zimakhalabe zokhazikika: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mauthenga Okhudza Kugonana Pogwiritsa Ntchito Chidziwitso Chogonana: Kusanthula Koyerekeza kwa Amuna Ogonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha ku United States . Chidule cha kafukufuku waposachedwapa:

Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyezanso kuti amuna ambiri amaona zomwe zili mu SEM sizikugwirizana ndi umunthu wawo wogonana. Sizinali zachilendo kuti amuna odziwika ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha azinena kuti akuonera SEM yokhala ndi khalidwe la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (20.7%) ndipo amuna odziwika ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha azinena kuti akuonera khalidwe la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu SEM (55.0%). Sizinali zachilendonso kuti amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha azinena kuti adaonera kugonana ndi (13.9%) komanso osagwiritsa ntchito kondomu (22.7%) m'miyezi 6 yapitayi.

Mu 2019, kafukufuku wa ku Spain pa amuna ndi akazi 500 (avareji ya zaka 21) adanena kuti ambiri mwa iwo adawonapo zolaula za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo adapeza kuti zimakopa chidwi - ngakhale ambiri anali olondola.

Kuphatikiza apo, onani nkhaniyi yokhudza kafukufuku wa YOUPorn wa 2018, womwe unanena kuti amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaonera zolaula za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha 23% nthawi zonse. Onaninso kuti akazi ambiri (ndi amuna 40%) amanena kuti zokonda zawo zolaula zasintha m'zaka 5 zapitazi. Kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu:

Kafukufukuyu, pamodzi ndi ena omwe atchulidwa pansipa, akutsutsa meme yomwe anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula masiku ano " amapeza kugonana kwawo kwenikweni " pofufuza malo ochezera, kenako n’kumatsatira mtundu umodzi wokha wa zolaula kwa nthawi yonse yotsalayo. Umboni ukuwonjezeka wakuti kuonera zolaula pa intaneti kumawoneka kuti kumasintha zokonda za kugonana mwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena, ndipo izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chizolowezi chotchedwa habituation kapena desensitization.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, magulu osiyanasiyana otsatirawa akuti azolowera "zolaula zanthawi zonse" komanso kukwera kwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yachilendo. Angapo amanenanso kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amayamba kutuluka.

Maphunziro ndi zolemba zofunikira

PHUNZIRO LOYAMBA: Uwu unali kafukufuku woyamba kufunsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mwachindunji za kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu: Zochita zogonana pa intaneti: Kafukufuku wofufuza za njira zovuta komanso zopanda mavuto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa amuna (2016) . Kafukufukuyu akunena za kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, chifukwa 49% ya amuna adanenanso kuti amaonera zolaula zomwe sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kale kapena zomwe kale ankaziona ngati zonyansa. Chidule:

Anthu makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi alionse amatchulidwa nthawi zina pofunafuna kugonana kapena kugwira nawo ntchito za OSA zomwe poyamba sizinali zosangalatsa kwa iwo kapena kuti zimaganizira zonyansa.

Kafukufukuyu waku Belgian adapezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kovuta kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya erectile ndikuchepetsa kukhutira kwakugonana. Komabe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula anali ndi zilakolako zazikulu (OSA = zogonana pa intaneti, zomwe zinali zolaula kwa maphunziro a 99%). Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, 20.3% ya omwe atenga nawo mbali adati cholinga chimodzi chakuonera zolaula chinali "kupitiliza kukondana ndi wokondedwa wanga." Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu ndi woyamba kufufuza mwachindunji maubwenzi apakati pazovuta zakugonana komanso kutengapo gawo kwamavuto mu OSA. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti chilakolako chokwera pogonana, kuchepetsa kukhutira kwakugonana, komanso kuchepa kwa erectile kumalumikizidwa ndi ma OSA ovuta (zogonana pa intaneti). Zotsatirazi zitha kulumikizidwa ndi zamaphunziro am'mbuyomu zomwe zimafotokoza za kukwezedwa kwakukulu pokhudzana ndi zizolowezi zakugonana (Bancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Laier et al., 2013; Muise et al., 2013).

PHUNZIRO LACHIWIRI: Chitsanzo Cha Kulamulira Kawiri: Udindo Wa Kuletsa Kugonana & Chisangalalo Mu Chikoka Chachigololo Ndi Khalidwe (2007) . Indiana University Press, Mkonzi: Erick Janssen, tsamba 197-222. Mu kuyesera kogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za pavidiyo, 50% ya anyamata sanathe kudzuka kapena kuchita chigololo ndi zolaula (zaka zapakati zinali 29). Ofufuza odabwa adapeza kuti vuto la kugonana kwa amuna linali,

zokhudzana ndi maonekedwe akuluakulu ndi zochitika zogonana.

Amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile anali atakhala nthawi yochuluka m'zipinda ndi malo osambira omwe zithunzi zolaula zinali "ponseponse," komanso "kusewera mosalekeza." Ofufuzawo anati:

Kukambirana ndi anthuwa kunalimbitsa lingaliro lathu lakuti mwa ena mwa iwo kuonera kwambiri zolaula kumawoneka kuti kwapangitsa kuti anthu asamayankhe kwambiri zolaula za "vanilla sex" komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zatsopano komanso zosiyana, nthawi zina kuphatikiza ndi kufunikira kwa mitundu yeniyeni ya zolimbikitsa kuti munthu ayambe kusangalala.

MAPHUNZIRO ACHITATU NDI ACHINAI: Onse awiri adapeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zosayenera (monga kugonana ndi nyama kapena zazing'ono) adanena kuti akuluakulu amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ali aang'ono kwambiri. Kafukufukuyu akugwirizanitsa kuyamba koyambirira kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri.

1) Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zosayenera kumatsatira njira yofanana ndi ya Guttman? (2013). Chidule:

Zomwe anapeza pa kafukufuku wamakono akuwonetsa kuti zolaula za pa Intaneti zikugwiritsidwa ntchito zingatsatire njira ya Guttman. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu omwe amawonetsa zolaula za ana amadya mitundu ina ya zolaula, zonse zosavuta komanso zopanda pake. Kuti ubale uwu ukhale ngati njira ya Guttman, kufotokoza zolaula kwa ana kumafunika kuti zichitike pambuyo poona zolaula. Kafukufukuyu akuyesera kufufuza njirayi poyesa ngati "msinkhu wa chiyambi" kwa anthu olaula akugwiritsira ntchito akuthandizira kusintha kuchokera kwa akuluakulu-kupatulapo zolaula zosagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kutengera ndi zotsatira zake, kupita patsogolo kumeneku kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zosayenera kungakhudzidwe ndi "zaka zomwe anthu amayamba nazo" kuchita zolaula za akuluakulu. Monga momwe Quayle ndi Taylor (2003 adanenera, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za ana kungakhale kogwirizana ndi kutaya chidwi kapena kukhuta komwe olakwa amayamba kusonkhanitsa zolaula zoopsa komanso zosayenera. Kafukufuku wapano akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akuluakulu ali aang'ono akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chochita zolaula zina zosayenera.

2) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Zosasinthika: Udindo wa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Zoyambirira za Akuluakulu ndi Kusiyana kwa Munthu Payekha (2016) . Zidule:

Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula za akuluakulu + zopotoka adapeza zambiri pa kutseguka kuti aone zomwe zikuchitika ndipo adanenanso kuti ali ndi zaka zochepa kwambiri zoyambira kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akuluakulu poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akuluakulu okha.

Pomaliza, zaka zomwe anthu omwe adayankha adadzinenera okha kuti akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akuluakulu okha poyerekeza ndi za akuluakulu + zosayenera. Masiku ano, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akuluakulu + zosayenera adadzinenera okha kuti akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akuluakulu okha poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akuluakulu okha. Ponseponse, zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe Seigfried-Spellar ndi Rogers (2013) adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kungatsatire njira yofanana ndi ya Guttman chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachiwerewere nthawi zambiri kumachitika pambuyo poti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akuluakulu zosayenera.

PHUNZIRO LACHISANU: Kapangidwe ka Ubongo ndi Kulumikizana Kogwira Ntchito Kogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Ubongo pa Zolaula ( Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014) - Kafukufuku wa Max Planck Institute wa fMRI adapeza kuti palibe vuto lalikulu mu dongosolo la mphotho (dorsal striatum) lomwe limagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimadyedwa. Inapezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kuyambitsa kwa magawo ochepa a mphotho pamene mukuonera zithunzi zogonana mwachidule. Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti zomwe adapeza zikuwonetsa kufooka, komanso mwina kulekerera, komwe ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chilimbikitso chachikulu kuti munthu akwaniritse mulingo womwewo wa chisangalalo. Wolemba wamkulu Simone Kühn adati izi za kafukufuku wake:

Izi zitha kutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse kumachepetsa mphotho. … Chifukwa chake timaganiza kuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula amafunikira zolimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti afikire mphotho yomweyo ... Izi ndizogwirizana ndi zomwe zapezedwa pakalumikizidwe kogwira ntchito kwa striatum kumadera ena aubongo: kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunapezeka kuti kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa dera lamalipiro ndi preortal cortex. Kortex yoyambilira, limodzi ndi striatum, imakhudzidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa ndipo imawoneka kuti ikuwongolera pagalimoto yofunafuna mphotho.

Komanso, mu Meyi, 2016. Kuhn & Gallinat adasindikiza ndemanga iyi - Neurobiological Basis of Hypersexuality . Mu ndemanga Kuhn & Gallinat akufotokoza kafukufuku wawo wa fMRI wa 2014:

Mu kafukufuku waposachedwa wa gulu lathu, tinalemba amuna athanzi omwe adatenga nawo mbali ndipo tinagwirizanitsa maola omwe adadzinenera okha omwe adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi momwe amayankhira zithunzi zogonana komanso momwe ubongo wawo umagwirira ntchito (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014). Maola ambiri omwe adatenga nawo mbali adanena kuti akudya zolaula, kuyankha kwa BOLD mu left putamen kumachepa poyankha zithunzi zogonana. Kuphatikiza apo, tapeza kuti maola ambiri omwe amathera akuonera zolaula amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa imvi mu striatum, makamaka mu caudate yoyenera yomwe imafika mu ventral putamen. Tikuganiza kuti kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ubongo kungawonetse zotsatira za kulolerana pambuyo posiya kukhudzidwa ndi zogonana.

PHUNZIRO LA CHISANU NDI CHIMODZI: Zachilendo, zolimbitsa thupi komanso chidwi chofuna kupeza mphotho zogonana (2015). Kafukufuku wa fMRI wa ku Cambridge University akunena za chizolowezi chachikulu chofuna kugonana mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso. Chidule:

Zolimbikitsa zogonana pa intaneti ndi zazikulu komanso zikukula, ndipo izi zitha kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, amuna athanzi omwe amaonera filimu yogonana mobwerezabwereza apezeka kuti azolowera zolimbikitsazo ndipo amapeza kuti zolimbikitsazo sizimadzutsa chilakolako cha kugonana, sizimakhutiritsa chilakolako cha kugonana komanso sizimakhutiritsa kwambiri (Koukounas ndi Over, 2000). … Tikuwonetsa m'njira yoyesera zomwe zapezeka kuchipatala kuti Compulsive Sexual Behavior imadziwika ndi kufunafuna zatsopano, kusintha maganizo ndi kuzolowera zogonana mwa amuna.

KUCHOKERA KUCHITULUTSA KUKHALA KWAMBIRI:

Ofufuzawo anapeza kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosokoneza bongo amakhala ndi mwayi wosankha bukuli chifukwa chodziwika bwino pazithunzi zogonana zokhudzana ndi zinthu zopanda ndale, komabe anthu odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino amatha kusankha zosankha zapakati pazithunzi zachikazi zapakati pazinthu zapakati pazithunzi.

Dr Voon akufotokoza kuti: "Tonsefe titha kulumikizana mwanjira ina posaka zinthu zatsopano pa intaneti - zitha kukhala zikuchokera pa tsamba limodzi kupita kwina, kapena kulumpha kuchokera pa Facebook kupita ku Amazon kupita ku YouTube ndikupitilira." "Koma kwa anthu omwe amachita zachiwerewere mopitirira muyeso, izi zimadzakhala chizolowezi chawo kuposa zomwe sangathe, zomwe zimangokhala pazithunzi zolaula."

Pa ntchito yachiwiri, odzipereka adawonetsedwa awiriawiri yazithunzi - mkazi wosavala ndi bokosi laimvi losalowerera ndale - zonsezi zidakutidwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Adaphunzira kuyanjanitsa zithunzizi zosazindikirika ndi zithunzizo, mofanana ndi momwe agalu oyeserera odziwika a Pavlov adaphunzirira kulumikizana ndi belu lolira ndi chakudya. Kenako adapemphedwa kuti asankhe pakati pazithunzizi ndi zachilendo.

Pakadali pano, ofufuza adawonetsa kuti omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwerewere pomwe angasankhe njira zina (pankhaniyi njira zosamveka) zogwirizana ndi mphotho yakugonana komanso ndalama. Izi zimathandizira lingaliro loti zomwe zimawoneka ngati zopanda vuto m'malo omwe ali osokoneza bongo 'zitha kuwalimbikitsa' kufunafuna zithunzi zachiwerewere.

"Zolemba zingakhale zophweka monga kungotsegula osatsegula pa intaneti," akufotokoza Dr Voon. "Amatha kuyambitsa zinthu zingapo ndipo asanadziwe, amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula. Kuthetsa kulumikizana kwa izi ndi machitidwe ake kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. ”

Ofufuzawa adayesanso mayeso ena pamene 20 adagwiritsira ntchito kugonana ndi 20 akugwirizana ndi anthu odzipereka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino poyesedwa mobwerezabwereza - mkazi wosavulazidwa, ndalama za £ 1 kapena bwalo lopanda malire.

Iwo adapeza kuti pamene anthu omwe amamwa khofi amaonera chithunzi chomwecho cha kugonana mobwerezabwereza, poyerekeza ndi anthu odzipereka athanzi, zochita zawo zimachepa kwambiri m'dera la ubongo lotchedwa dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, lomwe limadziwika kuti limachita zinthu poyembekezera mphotho ndikuyankha zochitika zatsopano. Izi zikugwirizana ndi 'chizolowezi', pomwe munthu amene amamwa khofi amapeza kuti chilimbikitso chomwecho sichimapindulitsa kwambiri - mwachitsanzo, munthu amene amamwa khofi angamve 'kusangalala' ndi caffeine kuchokera mu kapu yake yoyamba, koma pakapita nthawi akamamwa khofi kwambiri, phokoso lake limakhala laling'ono.

Chizolowezi chomwecho chimachitika mwa amuna athanzi omwe amawonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kanema wolaula. Koma akaonera kanema watsopano, chidwi ndi chilakolako zimabwerera pamlingo woyambirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kuti apewe chizolowezi, munthu wokonda kugonana ayenera kufunafuna zithunzi zatsopano nthawi zonse. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chizolowezi chingayambitse kusaka zithunzi zatsopano.

"Zomwe tapeza ndizofunikira kwambiri pankhani ya zolaula pa intaneti," akuwonjezera Dr Voon. "Sizikudziwika bwino chomwe chimayambitsa chizolowezi chogonana ndipo mwina anthu ena amakonda kwambiri chizolowezichi kuposa ena, koma zithunzi zatsopano zogonana zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti zimathandiza kuchepetsa chizolowezi chawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthawa." [kugogomezera kwina]

PHUNZIRO LA CHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Kufufuza momwe zinthu zogonana zimakhudzira zikhulupiriro, kumvetsetsa, ndi machitidwe a anyamata: Kafukufuku wokhutiritsa (2016) . Chidule:

Zomwe zapezeka zikusonyeza kuti mitu yofunika kwambiri ndi iyi: kuchuluka kwa kupezeka kwa SEM, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zochulukirapo (Kulikonse Komwe Mukuyang'ana) zomwe anyamata mu kafukufukuyu amaona kuti zili ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pa malingaliro ndi machitidwe ogonana (Sizabwino). Maphunziro a m'banja kapena ogonana angapereke 'chitetezo' (Buffers) ku miyambo yomwe achinyamata amawona mu SEM. Deta ikuwonetsa malingaliro osokonezeka (Real verses Fantasy) okhudza ziyembekezo za achinyamata za moyo wathanzi wogonana (Moyo Wogonana Wathanzi) ndi zikhulupiriro ndi machitidwe oyenera (Kudziwa Chabwino ndi Choyipa). Njira yomwe ingayambitse vutoli yafotokozedwa ndipo madera omwe angathandizidwe akuwonetsedwa.

PHUNZIRO LACHISANU NDI CHITATU: Kusintha kwa zinthu zabwino zomwe zingachitike mochedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zogonana mwa ogwiritsa ntchito mavuto ndi zowongolera zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi "chizolowezi cholaula" ( Prause et al. , 2015.)

Kafukufuku wachiwiri wa EEG wochokera ku gulu la Nicole Prause . Kafukufukuyu anayerekeza anthu a 2013 ochokera kwa Steele et al ., 2013 ndi gulu lenileni lolamulira (koma linali ndi zolakwika zomwezo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa). Zotsatira zake: Poyerekeza ndi anthu olamulira "anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto olamulira kuonera zolaula" anali ndi mayankho ochepa muubongo wawo akamaonera zithunzi za vanilla porn kwa sekondi imodzi. Wolemba wamkuluyo akuti zotsatirazi " zikutsutsa chizolowezi cha zolaula ." Ndi wasayansi wovomerezeka uti amene anganene kuti kafukufuku wawo wokhawo wosadziwika bwino wathetsa gawo lodziwika bwino la kafukufuku?

Zoonadi, zomwe zapeza Prause et al. 2015 iyanjana bwino ndi Kühn ndi Gallinat (2014), yomwe inapeza kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepetsera ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula za vanila. Prause et al. zofufuziranso zikugwirizana ndi Banca et al. 2015. Komanso, maphunziro ena a EEG adapeza kuti zolaula zambiri mwa amayi zimayenderana ndi zochepa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ubongo uzichita zolaula. Kuwerenga kotsika kwa EEG kumatanthauza kuti maphunziro sanatengere chidwi ndi zithunzi. Mwachidule, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri sanasangalale ndi zithunzi zolaula za vanila. Iwo anali otopetsa (ozolowera kapena osakhudzidwa). Onani izi YBOP yochuluka imatsutsa. Mapepala asanu ndi anayi owunika zomwe anagwirizana akuvomereza kuti kafukufukuyu adapeza kupsinjika / malo okhala mwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi (zogwirizana ndi chizolowezi): Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Prause et al., 2015

PHUNZIRO LA CHISANU NDI CHINAI: Kuchita chiwerewere mopanda nzeru monga chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana pogonana mwa anyamata (2014) . Chimodzi mwa maphunziro anayi omwe ali mu pepalali chimafotokoza za mwamuna yemwe ali ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana chifukwa cha zolaula (kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana, kugonana mopitirira muyeso, anorgasmia). Kugonana kumeneku kunafuna kuti apewe zolaula kwa milungu 6 komanso kudziseweretsa maliseche. Patatha miyezi 8 mwamunayo adanena kuti chilakolako chogonana chawonjezeka, kugonana bwino komanso kugonana bwino, komanso kusangalala ndi "machitidwe abwino ogonana." Zidutswa za pepalali zomwe zikufotokoza za chizolowezi cha wodwalayo komanso kukula kwa zomwe adazitcha kuti mitundu yoopsa kwambiri ya zolaula:

Atafunsidwa za machitidwe odziseweretsa maliseche, adanena kuti kale anali kudziseweretsa maliseche mwamphamvu komanso mwachangu akuonera zolaula kuyambira ali mwana. Poyamba zithunzi zolaulazo zinali za zoophilia, ndi ukapolo, kulamulira, kuzunza, ndi masochism, koma pamapeto pake anazolowera zinthuzi ndipo anafunika zithunzi zolaula zovuta kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kugonana kwa anthu osintha chigololo, maphwando, ndi kugonana kwachiwawa. Ankagula makanema olaula osaloledwa okhudza zachiwerewere zachiwawa komanso kugwiririra ndipo ankaziona m'maganizo mwake kuti azichita zachiwerewere ndi akazi. Pang'onopang'ono anataya chilakolako chake komanso luso lake lolota ndipo anachepetsa kuchuluka kwa maliseche ake.

Chidule cha pepalachi chimalemba kuti wodwalayo akuchira ku zovuta zakuwononga zolaula komanso ziboda:

Mogwirizana ndi magawo a mlungu ndi mlungu ndi wodwalayo, wodwalayo adalangizidwa kuti asapewe chilichonse chokhudza kugonana, kuphatikizapo mavidiyo, nyuzipepala, mabuku, ndi intaneti. Pambuyo pa miyezi ya 8, wodwalayo adanena kuti akupeza bwino ndikumaliza. Anayambitsanso ubale wake ndi mkazi ameneyo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anapeza chisangalalo chabwino chogonana.

PHUNZIRO LA CHIKHUMI: Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Ndemanga ndi Malipoti a Zachipatala (2016) - ndi ndemanga yayikulu ya mabuku okhudzana ndi mavuto ogonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula. Yolembedwa ndi madokotala a US Navy, ndemangayi imapereka zambiri zaposachedwa zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mavuto ogonana a achinyamata. Ikuwunikiranso maphunziro a mitsempha okhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha zolaula ndi kugonana kudzera pa zolaula za pa intaneti. Madokotalawa akuphatikizapo malipoti atatu azachipatala a asilikali omwe adayamba mavuto ogonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula. Awiri mwa asilikali atatuwa adachiritsa mavuto awo ogonana pochotsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pomwe mwamuna wachitatu sanasinthe kwenikweni chifukwa sanathe kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Awiri mwa asilikali atatuwa adanena kuti adazolowera zolaula zomwe zikuchitika pano komanso kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Asilikali oyamba amafotokoza chizolowezi chake cha "zolaula zofewa" kutsatiridwa ndi kukwera kukhala zolaula zowoneka bwino komanso zonyansa:

Ntchito ya zaka 20 yomwe inagwira ntchito ya ku Caucasus inali ndi mavuto ovuta kugonana m'kati mwa kugonana kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo. Izo zinachitika koyamba pamene iye anatumizidwa kunja kwa nyanja. Anali ndi maliseche kwa ora limodzi opanda chibwibwi, ndipo mbolo yake inapita molakwika. Mavuto ake adasintha ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zake panthawi yomwe adatumizidwa. Kuchokera pamene adabwerera, sanathe kumangokhalira kugonana ndi mkazi wake. Anatha kukwanitsa kukonzekera koma sakanatha kusokoneza, ndipo pambuyo pa 10-15 min iye amatha kutaya, zomwe sizinali choncho iye asanakhale ndi nkhani za ED.

Wodwalayo adavomereza kuseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi kwa "zaka", ndipo kamodzi kapena kawiri pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi. Adavomereza kuonera zolaula pa intaneti kuti alimbikitse. Popeza adapeza intaneti yothamanga kwambiri, adangodalira zolaula pa intaneti. Poyamba, "zolaula zofewa", komwe zomwe zili mkati sizimakhudza kugonana kwenikweni, "zidachita bwino". Komabe, pang'onopang'ono adafunikira zithunzi zambiri kapena zinthu zogonana kuti afike pachimake. Adanenanso kuti adatsegula makanema angapo nthawi imodzi ndikuwonera magawo olimbikitsa kwambiri. [kugogomezera kwina]

Wachiwiri wogwira ntchito uja amafotokoza kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula komanso kuchuluka kwa zolaula. Posakhalitsa pambuyo pake adagonana ndi mkazi wake "osachita monga kale":

Mnyamata wazaka 40 waku Africa-America yemwe adalembetsa usilikali ndipo wakhala akugwira ntchito yolimbitsa thupi kwa zaka 17, adakumana ndi vuto lopeza mphamvu yogonana kwa miyezi itatu yapitayo. Iye adati pamene anayesa kugonana ndi mkazi wake, adavutika kupeza mphamvu yogonana ndipo adavutika kuti afike pachimake. Kuyambira pamene mwana wawo wamng'ono adapita ku koleji, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo, adapeza kuti amadziseweretsa maliseche nthawi zambiri chifukwa chodzipatula kwambiri.

Poyamba ankadziseweretsa maliseche sabata iliyonse, koma zimenezo zinawonjezeka kufika kawiri kapena katatu pa sabata. Nthawi zonse ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, koma akamagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti afike pachimake pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zake zachizolowezi. Izi zinamupangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zambiri. Posakhalitsa pambuyo pake, kugonana ndi mkazi wake "sikunali kosangalatsa" monga kale ndipo nthawi zina ankaona mkazi wake "wosakongola". Anakana kuti adakhalapo ndi mavuto amenewa kumayambiriro kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za ukwati wawo. Anali ndi mavuto a m'banja chifukwa mkazi wake ankakayikira kuti anali ndi chibwenzi, zomwe anakana mwamphamvu. [kutsindika kwina]

PHUNZIRO LA CHIKHUMI NDI CHIMODZI: Kusintha Zokonda Pakugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula (1986) - Masabata asanu ndi limodzi owonera zolaula zopanda chiwawa adapangitsa kuti anthu asamasangalale ndi zolaula za vanila, ndipo adasankha kuonera "zolaula zosazolowereka" zokha (ukapolo, sadomasochism, kugonana ndi nyama). Chidule:

Ophunzira aamuna ndi aakazi ndi osaphunzira ankaonerera ola limodzi zolaula zofala, zopanda chiwawa kapena zinthu zogonana komanso zankhanza m'masabata asanu ndi limodzi otsatizana. Patatha milungu iwiri chithandizochi chitatha, anapatsidwa mwayi woonera makanema ali payekha. Mapulogalamu olembedwa ndi G, R, ndi X analipo. Anthu omwe anali ndi zithunzi zolaula zofala, zopanda chiwawa analibe chidwi ndi zithunzi zolaula zofala, zopanda chiwawa, m'malo mwake anasankha kuonera zolaula zosafala (ukapolo, sadomasochism, kugonana ndi nyama). Amuna omwe sanali ophunzira omwe anali ndi zithunzi zolaula zofala, zopanda chiwawa ankadya zolaula zosafala kwambiri. Ophunzira aamuna anasonyeza zomwezo, ngakhale kuti sizinali zofala kwambiri. Kukonda kudya kumeneku kunalinso koonekera mwa akazi, koma sikunali kofala kwambiri, makamaka pakati pa ophunzira achikazi. [kugogomezera kwina]

PHUNZIRO LA CHIKUMBI NDI CHIWIRI: Kufufuza Zogwirizana za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula pa Intaneti Pamavuto Pakati pa Ophunzira a Yunivesite (2016) - Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti mopitirira muyeso, komwe kumakhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito osakhazikika amisala, kumayamba anthu akayamba kugwiritsa ntchito IP tsiku lililonse.

Zaka zomwe munthu anayamba kuonera IP zinapezeka kuti zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito IP pafupipafupi komanso mopitirira muyeso (onani Gome 2). Ophunzira omwe adakumana ndi IP ali aang'ono anali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito IP pafupipafupi, kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya IP, komanso mwayi wopeza mavoti apamwamba pa Adapted DSM-5 Internet Pornography Addiction Criteria ndi CPUI-COMP measures. Pomaliza, kupezeka kwa IP yonse kunapezeka kuti kukugwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito IP pafupipafupi. Ophunzira omwe adakumana ndi IP nthawi yayitali analinso ndi mwayi wopeza nthawi zambiri ya IP pamwezi.

PHUNZIRO LA KHUMI NDI CHITATU: Ubale Pakati pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Kawirikawiri, Makhalidwe, ndi Kuganizira Zogonana Pakati pa Achinyamata Achinyamata ku Sweden (2017) - Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mwa amuna azaka 18 kunali kofala, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri ankakonda zolaula zolimba. Kodi izi zikusonyeza kukwera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula?

Pakati pa anthu ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zithunzi zolaula zowonongeka zinali zovuta kwambiri zolaula (71%) zotsatila zolaula (64%), pomwe zithunzi zolaula zosavuta kwambiri ndizosawerengeka kwambiri (73%) ndi osagwiritsa ntchito (36% ). Panalinso kusiyana pakati pa magulu omwe amawonera zolaula zovuta kwambiri (71%, 48%, 10%) ndi zolaula zachiwawa (14%, 9%, 0%).

Olembawo akusonyeza kuti zolaula nthawi zambiri zingayambe kukonda zolaula zoopsa kapena zachiwawa:

Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti ubale wofunikira kwambiri unapezeka pakati pa kulota za zolaula kangapo pa sabata ndi kuonera zolaula za hard core. Popeza nkhanza zogonana ndi mawu ndi zakuthupi ndizofala kwambiri m'zolaula, zomwe achinyamata ambiri amaona kuti zolaula za hard core zitha kufotokozedwa ngati zolaula zachiwawa. Ngati zili choncho, komanso poganizira momwe Peter ndi Valkenburg amaganizira za kugonana, zitha kukhala kuti m'malo 'mochotsa' anthu malingaliro awo ndi zilakolako zawo za nkhanza zogonana, kuonera zolaula za hard core kumawalimbikitsa, motero kumawonjezera mwayi wochita nkhanza zogonana.

PHUNZIRO LA KHUMI NDI CHINAYI: Kukula kwa Vuto la Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula (PPCS) (2017) - Pepala ili linapanga ndikuyesa mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe adapangidwa motsatira mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mosiyana ndi mayeso am'mbuyomu okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mafunso 18 awa adayesa kulekerera ndi kusiya ndi mafunso 6 otsatirawa:

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Funso lirilonse linatengedwa kuchokera pa chimodzi kufika pa zisanu ndi chimodzi pa sikert: 1- Palibe, 2- Kawirikawiri, 3- Nthawi zina, 4- Nthawi zina, 5- Nthawi zambiri, 6- Nthawi zambiri, 7- Nthawi Zonse. Girafu yomwe ili pansipa yaika ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'magulu atatu kutengera kuchuluka kwawo: "Nonprobelmatic," "Low risk", ndi "Pangozi." Mzere wachikaso sukuwonetsa mavuto, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "Otsika pang'ono" komanso "Okhala pachiwopsezo" ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amafotokoza kulekerera komanso kusiya. Mwachidule, kafukufukuyu adafunsanso zakukula (kulekerera) ndi kusiya - ndipo zonsezi zimanenedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kutha kwa mkangano.

PHUNZIRO LA KHUMI NDI CHISANU: Kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso pazifukwa zogonana ngati chizolowezi chochita zinthu mopitirira muyeso? - Kafukufuku yemwe akubwera (woperekedwa pa Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa 4th International Conference on Behavioral Addictions February 20–22, 2017) womwe unafunsa za kulekerera ndi kusiya. Unapezeka mwa "okonda zolaula".

Anna Ševčíková1, Lukas Blinka1 ndi Veronika Soukalová1

University of 1Masaryk, Brno, Czech Republic

Chiyambi ndi zolinga:

Pali kutsutsana koyipa ngati khalidwe loyendetsa kugonana liyenera kumveka ngati mtundu wa chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe (Karila, Wéry, Weistein et al., 2014). Phunziro labwino lapamwambali likuwongolera kulingalira momwe ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti yogonana (OUISP) yosagwiritsiridwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwe ntchito ingapangidwe ndi lingaliro la kuledzera pakati pa anthu omwe anali kuchipatala chifukwa cha OUISP.

Njira:

Tinachita mafunso ozama ndi ophunzira 21 azaka zapakati pa 22-54 (Mage = zaka 34.24). Pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa mitu, zizindikiro zachipatala za OUISP zinasanthulidwa ndi zizindikiro za chizolowezi cha khalidwe, makamaka makamaka pa zizindikiro za kulekerera ndi kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Griffiths, 2001).

Results:

Khalidwe lalikulu lomwe linali vuto linali kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti (OOPU). Kukulitsa kulekerera kwa OOPU kunadziwonetsera ngati nthawi yochulukirapo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mawebusayiti a zolaula komanso kufunafuna zinthu zatsopano komanso zogonana mkati mwa magulu osasinthika. Zizindikiro zosiya kugonana zinadziwonekera pamlingo wamaganizo ndipo zinatenga mawonekedwe ofufuza zinthu zina zogonana. Ophunzira khumi ndi asanu adakwaniritsa zonse zomwe zinali mu chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Zotsatira:

Phunziroli likuwonetsa phindu lokhazikitsa khalidwe labwino

PHUNZIRO LA KHUMI NDI CHISANU NDI CHIMODZI : (ndemanga ya katswiri wa zamaganizo ku UK): Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndi ana ogonana (2013) - Chidule:

Chidziwitso chachipatala ndipo tsopano zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera zikuwonetsa kuti intaneti sikuti imangoganizira chabe anthu omwe ali ndi zofuna za paedophilic zomwe zilipo, koma zikuthandizira kufotokozera zofuna za anthu omwe alibe chidwi chogonana pamaso pa ana.

PHUNZIRO LA KHUMI NDI CHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Kodi n'kovuta bwanji kuchiza kuchedwa kwa umuna mkati mwa chitsanzo cha nthawi yochepa cha kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha? Kuyerekeza kwa phunziro la nkhani (2017) - Lipoti la "milandu iwiri yophatikizana" yomwe ikuwonetsa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi mankhwala a kuchedwa kwa umuna (anorgasmia). "Patient B" ikuyimira anyamata angapo omwe adathandizidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo. Chosangalatsa n'chakuti, pepalalo likunena kuti "kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa Patient B kwakula kukhala zinthu zovuta", "monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri". Pepalalo likuti kuchedwa kwa umuna chifukwa cha zolaula sikwachilendo, ndipo kukuchulukirachulukira. Wolembayo akupempha kuti pakhale kafukufuku wowonjezereka pa zotsatira za zolaula chifukwa cha kugonana. Kuchedwa kwa umuna kwa Patient B kunachiritsidwa patatha milungu 10 osachita zolaula. Zidutswa zokhudzana ndi kukwera kwa umuna:

Milanduyi ndi yophatikizana yomwe yatengedwa kuchokera kuntchito yanga mkati mwa National Health Service ku Croydon University Hospital, London. Ndi mlandu womaliza ( Wodwala B ), ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zomwe zafotokozedwazo zikuwonetsa anyamata angapo achichepere omwe adatumizidwa ndi madokotala awo omwe ali ndi matenda ofanana. Wodwala B ndi wazaka 19 yemwe adapezeka chifukwa sanathe kutulutsa umuna kudzera mu kulowa. Ali ndi zaka 13, nthawi zonse ankalowa m'malo ochezera zolaula payekha kudzera pa intaneti kapena kudzera pa maulalo omwe anzake adamutumizira. Ankayamba kuseweretsa maliseche usiku uliwonse akufufuza chithunzi pafoni yake…Ngati sanaseweretse maliseche sankatha kugona. Zithunzi zolaula zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito zinali zitakula, monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri (onani Hudson-Allez, 2010), kukhala zinthu zovuta (palibe choletsedwa)…

Wodwala B anawonetsedwa ku zolaula pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za m'zaka za 12 ndipo zolaula zomwe anali kugwiritsira ntchito zinali zitakula kupita ku ukapolo ndi kulamulidwa ndi zaka za 15.

Tinagwirizana kuti sadzagwiritsanso ntchito zolaula kuti adziseweretsa maliseche. Izi zikutanthauza kusiya foni yake m'chipinda china usiku. Tinagwirizana kuti aziseweretsa maliseche mwanjira ina…. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufufuza za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso momwe zimakhudzira kudziseweretsa maliseche komanso kuletsa maliseche.

PHUNZIRO LA KHUMI NDI CHISANU NDI CHISANU NDI CHITATU: Miyeso Yozindikira ndi Yosazindikira ya Maganizo: Kodi Imasiyana ndi Kuchuluka kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula? (2017) - Kafukufukuyu adayang'ana mayankho a ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (kuwerenga kwa EEG & Kuyankha Kodabwitsa) ku zithunzi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi malingaliro - kuphatikizapo zolaula. Olembawo akukhulupirira kuti zomwe zapezeka ziwiri zikusonyeza kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chizolowezi.

4.1. Mafotokozedwe Owonetsa

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, gulu logwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri linanena kuti zithunzi zolaula ndi zosasangalatsa kuposa gulu logwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Olembawo akuti izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha "zofewa" za zithunzi "zolaula" zomwe zili mu database ya IAPS zomwe sizimapereka kuchuluka kwa chilimbikitso chomwe nthawi zambiri amachifuna, monga momwe Harper ndi Hodgins [ 58 ] awonetsera kuti poonera zolaula pafupipafupi, anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri amafika powonera zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri kuti akhalebe ndi kuchuluka komweko kwa chisangalalo cha thupi . Gulu la malingaliro "osangalatsa" linawona kuti magulu onse atatuwa ali ofanana ndipo gulu logwiritsa ntchito kwambiri linanena kuti zithunzizo ndi zosasangalatsa pang'ono kuposa magulu ena.

Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zithunzi "zokongola" zomwe zawonetsedwa zomwe sizikulimbikitsa mokwanira anthu omwe ali mgulu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kafukufuku wasonyeza nthawi zonse kuchepa kwa thupi pakukonza zinthu zomwe zimafuna kudya chifukwa cha chizolowezi mwa anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amafunafuna zolaula [ 3 , 7 , 8 ]. Ndi zomwe olembawo akunena kuti izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zotsatira zomwe zawonedwa.

4.3. Yoyamba Reflex Kulingalira (SRM)

Zotsatira za kudzidzimuka kwakukulu komwe kumawonedwa m'magulu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zochepa komanso zapakati zitha kufotokozedwa ndi omwe ali mgululi omwe amapewa mwadala kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, chifukwa angaone kuti sizosangalatsa kwenikweni. Kapenanso, zotsatira zomwe zapezeka zitha kukhala chifukwa cha chizolowezi, pomwe anthu m'magulu awa amaonera zolaula zambiri kuposa zomwe adazinena momveka bwino—mwina chifukwa cha manyazi pakati pa ena, chifukwa zotsatira za chizolowezi zawonetsedwa kuti zikuwonjezera kuyankha kwa kudzidzimuka kwa maso [ 41 , 42 ].

PHUNZIRO LA KHUMI NDI CHISANU NDI CHISANU NDI CHINAI: Kufufuza Ubale Pakati pa Kukakamiza Kugonana ndi Kusankhana Maganizo ndi Mawu Okhudzana ndi Kugonana mu Gulu la Anthu Ochita Zogonana (2017) - Kafukufukuyu akubwereza zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku wa 2014 wa Cambridge University womwe unayerekeza kusankhana maganizo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula ndi anthu odziletsa. Nayi zomwe zili zatsopano: Kafukufukuyu adagwirizanitsa "zaka zogonana" ndi 1) zigoli za chizolowezi chogonana komanso 2) zotsatira za ntchito yosankhana maganizo. Pakati pa omwe adapeza kwambiri chizolowezi chogonana, zaka zochepa zokumana nazo zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinali zokhudzana ndi kusankhana maganizo kwambiri . Chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa chilakolako chogonana + zaka zochepa zokumana nazo zogonana = zizindikiro zazikulu za chizolowezi (kusankhana maganizo kwambiri, kapena kusokoneza). Koma kusankhana maganizo kumachepa kwambiri mwa ogwiritsa ntchito mokakamiza, ndipo kumatha pazaka zambiri zokumana nazo zogonana.

Olembawo adatsimikiza kuti zotsatirazi zitha kuwonetsa kuti zaka zambiri "zogonana mokakamiza" zimabweretsa chizolowezi chachikulu kapena kufooka kwachisangalalo poyankha (kukhumudwitsa). Chidule cha gawo lomaliza:

" Chifukwa chimodzi chomwe chingakhalepo pa zotsatirazi ndi chakuti pamene munthu wokonda kugonana akuyamba kuchita zinthu zokakamiza kwambiri, chitsanzo chogwirizana cha chilakolako chimakula [36-38] ndipo pakapita nthawi, khalidwe loipa kwambiri limafunika kuti chilakolako chomwecho chichitike. Akunenedwanso kuti pamene munthu akuchita zinthu zokakamiza kwambiri, njira za mitsempha zimakhala zosakhudzidwa ndi chilakolako chogonana kapena zithunzi 'zachibadwa' ndipo anthu amatembenukira ku chilakolako 'choopsa' kuti akwaniritse chilakolako chomwe akufuna. Izi zikugwirizana ndi ntchito yosonyeza kuti amuna 'athanzi' amakhala ndi chilakolako chodziwika bwino pakapita nthawi ndipo chizolowezichi chimadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana komanso mayankho okhutiritsa chilakolako [39].

Izi zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe amachita zachiwerewere akhala 'opanda pake' kapena osayanjananso ndi mawu 'okhudzana' ogonana omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziroli ndipo kuwonetsa kumeneku kumachepetsa chidwi, pomwe iwo omwe ali ndi kukakamizidwa kowonjezereka komanso osadziŵa zambiri adawonetsabe zosokoneza chifukwa zoyeserera zimawonetsa kuzindikira kolimbikitsidwa. "

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI AWIRI: Kafukufuku wokhudza anthu omwe akuchita nawo zachiwerewere pa intaneti: Kusiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi, nkhani zochira, ndi zotsatira zake kwa akatswiri azachipatala (2000) - Zidule:

Ena mwa omwe adafunsidwa adafotokoza za kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwa vuto la khalidwe logonana mokakamiza, pomwe ena analibe mbiri ya chizolowezi chogonana koma adayamba kulowerera mwachangu mu njira yowonjezereka yogwiritsira ntchito kugonana mokakamiza pa intaneti atangopeza kugonana pa intaneti. Zotsatirapo zoyipazi zikuphatikizapo kuvutika maganizo ndi mavuto ena amaganizo, kudzipatula, kuipiraipira kwa ubale wawo wogonana ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi kapena mwamuna, kuvulala komwe kumachitika muukwati wawo kapena ubale wawo woyamba, kuwonetsedwa kwa ana kuonera zolaula pa intaneti kapena kuseweretsa maliseche, kutayika pantchito kapena kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, zotsatira zina zachuma, ndipo nthawi zina, zotsatira zalamulo.

Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo:

Mwamuna wina wa zaka 30 yemwe anali ndi mbiri yakale ya "zolaula, maliseche, ndi kugonana kambirimbiri," analemba za mbiri yake yokhudza kugonana pa Intaneti: M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, zolaula zomwe ndakhala ndikuziona, sindizowonongeka kwambiri zolaula zina zomwe ndimakonda kuzipeza. Tsopano ndikuyang'anitsitsa ndi zina (kugonana kwa abambo, amayi akucheka, etc.) Zambiri zolaula pa Net yachita izi. Ndi zophweka kuti tisike pazinthu zina kuchokera ku chidwi pakati pa pakhomo panu, ndipo pamene mukuziwona mochulukirapo, simukudziwitsidwa kwambiri. Ndinkakonda kukhala ndi zithunzi zolaula zosonyeza kukongola kwa mawonekedwe a akazi. Tsopano ndilowerera momveka bwino.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI NDI ANA: Kukonda Kugonana ndi Mauthenga Osonyeza Kugonana (SEM): Kuyerekeza Makhalidwe a Kukonda Kugonana ndi SEM ndi Kudziyesa Kokha ndi Kukhutira Pakati pa Amuna ndi Akazi ndi Zogonana (2017) . Mu kafukufukuyu ophunzira adafunsidwa za chilakolako chawo chogonana chokhudzana ndi mitundu 27 (mitu) ya zolaula. Chifukwa chomwe ofufuza adasankhira mitundu 27 iyi chimadziwika ndi iwo okha. Momwe adadziwira mitundu yomwe inali "yaikulu" yomwe "siyikulu" ikadali chinsinsi, chifukwa cha kugawa kwawo mwachisawawa. ( Onani mitundu ya zolaula ya ofufuza .)

Ziribe kanthu, kafukufukuyu akutsutsa zonena kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amangokhala mitundu yochepa chabe. Ngakhale sizifunsa mwachindunji zakukula kwakanthawi, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti maphunziro omwe adawagawa ngati owonera zolaula "monga ambiri" monga mitundu yambiri ya zolaula. Zolemba zochepa zofunikira:

Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti m'magulu azithunzithunzi [zolaula] zomwe sizili zodziwika bwino, machitidwe a chilakolako chogonana sangakhale okhazikika komanso osiyana ndi gulu monga momwe ankaganizira kale.

Makamaka kwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso akazi omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa chilakolako chogonana ku mitu ya SEM yomwe si yachikhalidwe, zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti machitidwe a chilakolako chogonana omwe amayambitsidwa ndi SEM m'malo omwe si a labotale akhoza kukhala osinthasintha, osakhazikika, komanso osalunjika kwambiri kuposa momwe amaganizira kale. Izi zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa SEM ndipo zikusonyeza kuti omwe si achikhalidwe m'gulu la SEM nawonso amadzuka ndi mitu yachikhalidwe ("vanilla").

Kafukufukuyu akunena kuti anthu otchedwa "owonera zolaula omwe si achikhalidwe" amakhudzidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya zolaula, kaya ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "zofala" (Bukkake, Orgy, Fist-fucking) kapena zomwe zimatchedwa "zofala" (Sadomasochism, Latex). Kupeza kumeneku kukutsutsana ndi meme yomwe anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amatsatira mtundu umodzi wa zolaula. (Chitsanzo cha zomwe sizili zoona ponena za zokonda "zokhazikika" ndi buku la Ogas ndi Gaddam lotsutsidwa kwambiri la A Billion Wicked Thoughts .)

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI AWIRI: Kukula ndi Kutsimikizira kwa Mulingo wa Kugonana kwa Bergen-Yale Ndi Chitsanzo Chachikulu Cha Dziko Lonse (2018) . Pepala ili linapanga ndikuyesa mafunso okhudza "kugonana" omwe adapangidwa motsatira mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Monga momwe olemba adafotokozera, mafunso am'mbuyomu sanatchule zinthu zofunika kwambiri zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi:

Maphunziro ambiri ambuyomu adadalira zitsanzo zazing'ono zachipatala. Phunziroli likupereka njira yatsopano yowunika kugonana - Bergen-Yale Sex Addiction Scale (BYSAS) -yizikidwe pazinthu zowonongeka (ie, ulesi / chilakolako, kusintha kwa maganizo, kulekerera, kuchotsa, nkhondo, mavuto, ndi kubwerera / kutayika ya ulamuliro).

Olembawo akufutukula pazigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zimayambitsidwa, kuphatikizapo kulekerera ndi kuchotsa.

BYSAS idapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zisanu ndi chimodzi zoledzera zomwe Brown (1993) , Griffiths (2005) , ndi American Psychiatric Association (2013) adaziyika pamodzi ndi luso lotha kusintha maganizo, kusintha kwa malingaliro, kulolerana, zizindikiro zosiya kugonana, mikangano ndi kubwereranso/kutayika kwa ulamuliro…. Pokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana, zizindikiro izi zingakhale: kulimba mtima/kulakalaka —kuganizira kwambiri za kugonana kapena kufuna kugonana, kusintha kwa malingaliro — kugonana mopitirira muyeso komwe kumayambitsa kusintha kwa malingaliro, kulolerana — kuchuluka kwa kugonana pakapita nthawi, kusiya — zizindikiro zosasangalatsa zamaganizo/zakuthupi pamene simukuchita zogonana, mikangano —mavuto pakati pa anthu chifukwa cha kugonana mopitirira muyeso, kubwereranso — kubwerera ku machitidwe akale pambuyo pa nthawi yokhala ndi kudziletsa/kudziletsa, ndi mavuto — thanzi lofooka komanso thanzi labwino lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha khalidwe logonana loledzera.

Zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi "chiwerewere" zomwe zimawonedwa mu nkhanizo zinali kusweka mtima / kukhumba komanso kulolerana, koma mbali zina, kuphatikiza kusiya, zikuwonekeranso pang'ono:

Chisomo / chilakolako ndi kulekerera zinali zovomerezeka mobwerezabwereza mu gulu lapamwamba kuposa zinthu zina, ndipo zinthu izi zinali ndi katundu wolemera kwambiri. Izi zimawoneka zomveka ngati izi zimasonyeza zizindikiro zochepa (mwachitsanzo, funso lokhudza kupsinjika maganizo: anthu amalephera kukwiya kwambiri, ndiye akukonzekera kudzipha). Izi zingawonetsenso kusiyana pakati pa chizoloŵezi ndi kuledzeretsa (kawirikawiri kumawonetsedwa pamasewero a masewera a masewera) -momwe zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso cholimba, chilakolako, kulekerera, ndi kusinthika kwa maganizo zimatsatiridwa kuti ziwonetsere kugwirizana, pamene zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito kugwidwa, kubwereranso ndi kukangana kwambiri kuledzera. Kufotokozeranso kwina kungakhale kuti kulimba, kukhumba, ndi kulekerera kungakhale kofunika kwambiri komanso kolemekezeka mu zizolowezi zamakhalidwe kusiyana ndi kuchotsa ndi kubwerera.

Kafukufukuyu, pamodzi ndi kafukufuku wa 2017 womwe unapanga ndikutsimikizira " Kuchuluka kwa Zolaula Zovuta ," akutsutsa zomwe zimanenedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula komanso kugonana sakumana ndi zizindikiro zolekerera kapena zosiya kugonana.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MAKUMI ACHITATU: Kuonera zinthu zogonana pa intaneti ali achinyamata komanso kusazindikira zinthu zogonana (2018) - Kafukufuku wosowa kwambiri wa nthawi yayitali pomwe kuwonetsa zolaula kunapangitsa kuti munthu asamadziwe kapena azikhala ndi chizolowezi. Chidule:

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti pazifukwa zogonana, mwachitsanzo kuonera zinthu zolaula, chizolowezi chomwe chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba. Kafukufuku wakale wasonyeza kulumikizana pakati pa zotsatira za malingaliro ndi khalidwe kumbali imodzi ndi kuonera zinthu zolaula pa intaneti kumbali ina. Kafukufukuyu cholinga chake chinali kufufuza kuwonetsedwa kuzinthu zolaula pa intaneti komanso momwe zingakhudzire malingaliro azinthu zolaula pa intaneti pakapita nthawi. Kapangidwe ka kafukufukuyu kanali kotalika; deta idasonkhanitsidwa m'mafunde atatu pakapita miyezi 6 kuyambira mu 2012. Chitsanzocho chinaphatikizapo omwe adayankha 1134 (atsikana, 58.8%; apakati azaka, 13.84 ± 1.94 zaka) ochokera m'masukulu 55. Chitsanzo cha kukula kwa multivariate chinagwiritsidwa ntchito posanthula deta.

Zotsatirazo zasonyeza kuti omwe anafunsidwawo adasintha malingaliro awo okhudzana ndi kugonana pa intaneti pa nthawiyo malingana ndi msinkhu, kuchuluka kwa chiwonetsero ndikudziwidwa ngati mwadzidzidzi. Iwo adasokonezeka chifukwa chokhala osokonezeka kwambiri ndi kugonana. Zotsatira zingasonyeze kuimika kwa zolaula pa intaneti paunyamata.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MAKUMI ANAI: Kuonera zolaula mopitirira muyeso ngati khalidwe lofunika kwambiri la amuna omwe akufuna chithandizo cha machitidwe ogonana mokakamiza: Kuwunika koyenera komanso kochuluka kwa masabata 10 (2018) - Kafukufukuyu adachita kuyankhulana ndi amuna asanu ndi anayi omwe akufuna chithandizo azaka zapakati pa 22-37, omwe adatsatiridwa ndi mafunso ndi kuwunika kwa masabata 10. Chidule chotsatirachi chikufotokoza kukwera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito:

Odwala onse anali ndi malingaliro/makhalidwe ogonana mobwerezabwereza ndipo anavomereza kuti khalidwe lawo logonana linapangitsa kuti asagwire bwino ntchito zofunika pa moyo. Odwala onse anaona kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kwa vutoli ndipo anavomereza kuti anali kugwiritsa ntchito makhalidwe ogonana (makamaka kuonera zolaula limodzi ndi kuseweretsa maliseche) kuti athane ndi mavuto a m'moyo. Wodwala aliyense ananena kuti anayesa kangapo kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa CSB. Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zake zinali zoipa komanso zakanthawi kochepa, koma ena adanenanso kuti nthawi yayitali yodziletsa kugonana (miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka chimodzi) kenako n’kubwereranso.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MAKUMI ATANU: Chithandizo cha Kapangidwe ka Thupi Ndi Banja Likulimbana ndi Chizolowezi cha Zolaula (2012) - Likukambirana za kulekerera ndi kusiya

Mofananamo, kulekerera kungakhalenso ndi zolaula. Pambuyo pa kuonera zolaula kwa nthawi yaitali, mayankho okondweretsa zolaula amachepetsa; zomwe zimasokonezedwa ndi zolaula zimatha ndipo zimatha kutaya nthawi yaitali (Zillman, 1989). Choncho, zomwe poyamba zinayambitsa yankho lachisangalalo sikuti zimapangitsa kuti azisangalala ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, chimene chinamuukitsa munthu poyamba sichikhoza kuwadzutsa m'kupita kwa nthawi kwa chizoloŵezi chawo. Chifukwa chakuti sakhutira kapena amakhumudwa kale, anthu omwe amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri amafufuza mitundu yambiri yolaula kuti apeze zotsatira zofanana.

Mwachitsanzo, chizolowezi choonera zolaula chingayambe ndi zithunzi zosaoneka zolaula koma zowonongeka ndipo zingapite patsogolo kumasewera olimbikitsa kugonana. Pamene kukangana kumachepetsa ndi ntchito iliyonse, munthu wosokonezeka akhoza kupita ku mitundu yowonjezereka ya zithunzi zogonana ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Pamene chiukitsiro chimachepetsanso, chithunzicho chikupitirizabe kuphatikizapo zithunzi zozizwitsa, zokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zillman (1989) akunena kuti zolaula zowonjezereka zimatha kukonda zolaula zomwe ziri ndi mitundu yocheperako yokhudzana ndi kugonana (mwachitsanzo, chiwawa), ndipo ingasinthe malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana. Ngakhale kuti chitsanzo ichi chimaimira zomwe munthu angayembekezere kuziwona ndi chizoloŵezi choononga zolaula, sikuti onse ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amatha kuledzera.

Zizindikiro zolepheretsa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zingaphatikizepo kupsinjika maganizo, kukwiya, nkhawa, kuganiza mozama, komanso kukhumba kwambiri zolaula. Chifukwa cha zizindikirozi, nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhala zovuta kwambiri kwa wina aliyense komanso ubwenzi wakewo.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MAKUMI AKUMI NDI CHIMODZI: Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula (2017) - Kafukufukuyu adafunsa ngati ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti adakumana ndi nkhawa akalephera kupeza zolaula pa intaneti (chizindikiro chosiya): 24% adakumana ndi nkhawa. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ophunzirawo adakumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zidutswa:

Cholinga cha phunziro lino ndi kupeza kufanana kwa sayansi ndi kulingalira kwa mtundu wa chakudya cha anthu a ku Spain, nthawi yomwe amagwiritsira ntchito mowa, kusokoneza komwe kumakhudza munthu ndi momwe nkhawa imakhudzidwira ngati sikutheka kupeza kwa izo. Phunziroli liri ndi chitsanzo cha ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ku Spain (N = 2.408). Kafukufuku wina wa 8 wapangidwa kudzera pa nsanja ya pa Intaneti yomwe imapereka uphungu komanso uphungu pa zotsatira za zolaula. Pofuna kufalitsa uthenga pakati pa anthu a ku Spain, kufufuza kumeneku kunalimbikitsidwa kudzera pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi ma TV.

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti munthu mmodzi pa atatu alionse adakumana ndi zotsatira zolakwika m'banja, m'magulu, ku maphunziro kapena kuntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, 33% anathera maola oposa 5 okhudzana ndi kugonana, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula monga mphotho ndipo 24% anali ndi zizindikiro zodetsa nkhaŵa ngati sakanakhoza kulumikizana.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI AWIRI NDI AWIRI: Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani munachita izi?: Mafotokozedwe operekedwa ndi Child Pornography Offenders (2013) – Kuchokera mu gawo la “Mafotokozedwe operekedwa a CP Offending” – kuwonetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuthekera kosiya kuonera zolaula zovomerezeka kumapangitsa wolakwayo kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za ana (CP):

Kupita patsogolo kuchokera ku zinthu zamalamulo. Kwa ophunzira asanu ndi anayi, kuphwanya kwawo malamulo a CP kumawoneka ngati chifukwa cha kuwonetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuthekera kosiya kuonera zolaula zamalamulo. Ophunzira ena adapereka mayankho atsatanetsatane a ulendo wawo:

"Kukula pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pazinthu wamba zabwinobwino mpaka kuzinthu zochuluka kwambiri (ndikuyamba kuchita zinthu zachinyengo) nditapeza intaneti, kuti ndimagwiritsa ntchito ndikakumana ndi zovuta komanso zovuta. Kutsatiridwa ndikuwona amayi achichepere ndi achichepere, asungwana ndi khumi ndi awiri, mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsera ana [sic] ndi zojambulajambula zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ndi wamkulu komanso nkhani ina yankhanza. (Nkhani 5164) ”

Apanso, mayankho ena adagwirizana ndi chidwi chofuna kugonana ndi ana, kutengera kuwonjezeka kwa kuwonekera kwa nkhaniyo…. Ponseponse, mutuwu unali ndi zofanana zina ndi mutu wakale chifukwa chakuti CP, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kukhutiritsa kugonana, imagwira ntchito ngati chochepetsera kupsinjika. Komabe, kwa olakwira omwe ali m'gulu la mitu iyi, CP idafikiridwa kudzera munjira zina zolaula, zomwe zingagwiritsidwebe ntchito.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MAKUMI ATATU: Zotsatira za Kuwonetsa Zithunzi Zolaula pa Achinyamata a Sukulu ya Sekondale ku Pontianak mu 2008 (2009) - Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ku Malaysia pa ophunzira a sekondale. Wapadera chifukwa uwu ndi kafukufuku wokhawo womwe umafotokoza za kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri, kuletsa kukhudzidwa ndi zolaula, komanso chizolowezi cha zolaula mwa achinyamata. (Ndi kafukufuku wokhawo wofunsa achinyamata mafunso awa.) Zidule:

Achinyamata okwana 83.3% a sukulu ya sekondale ku Pontianak City aona zolaula, ndipo kuyambira pamene aona zolaula, 79.5% amaona zotsatira za kuonera zolaula. Achinyamata omwe amaona zolaula, 19.8% anali mu siteji ya chizolowezi, [pakati pa achinyamata omwe ali ndi chizolowezi] 69.2% ali pa siteji ya kukwera, [pakati pa omwe adakwera] 61.1% ali pa siteji ya kutsika, ndipo [pakati pa omwe adanena kuti alibe chizolowezi ] 31.8% anali pa siteji ya chizolowezi.

Zithunzi zolaula zingakhudze achinyamata kuti azichita zinthu mozindikira kapena mosadziwa, ali ndi malingaliro osintha komanso ngakhale khalidwe la achinyamata tsiku ndi tsiku makamaka pankhani yokhudza kugonana. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza kuti ophunzira a kusekondale a ku Pontianak City okwana 52 (19.78%) akumana ndi zotsatira za kuonera zolaula ali pa siteji.

Kusintha kwina kwa maganizo kapena khalidwe ndi kukwera kwa chiwerengero. Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti anthu 36 (69.2%) mwa achinyamata 52 omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chokwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu pa siteji / zosowa zawo zikuwonjezeka . Pambuyo pa nthawi yonseyi yoonera zolaula, achinyamata omwe ali ndi chizolowezicho adzakumana ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zogonana zomwe zimakhala zolemera, zowonekera bwino, zochititsa chidwi komanso zopotoka kuposa zomwe adadya kale. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kwa kufunikira sikuli pankhani ya kuchuluka koma makamaka khalidwe lake lomwe likuwonekera bwino, ndiye kuti lidzakhutitsidwa kwambiri. Ngati kale anali ndi kukhutira kokwanira poonera chithunzi cha mkazi wamaliseche, ndiye kuti akufuna kuonera kanema wokhala ndi zochitika zogonana.

Akakhuta, amafuna kuona zochitika zogonana zosiyana zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zachikale komanso zopotoka kuposa zomwe adaziwona. Komanso, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Zillman & Bryant (1982, mu Thornburgh & Herbert, 2002) zomwe zimati munthu akamaonera zolaula mobwerezabwereza, adzawonetsa chizolowezi chokhala ndi malingaliro olakwika okhudza kugonana komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mitundu yolaula kwambiri komanso yopotoka.

Gawo lotsatira la kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa maganizo lakhala likuchitikira achinyamata 22 (61.11%) kuchokera kwa achinyamata 36 omwe akuvutika ndi kukwera kwa siteji . Pa siteji iyi, zinthu zogonana zomwe zinali zoletsedwa, zopanda makhalidwe abwino komanso zonyoza ulemu wa anthu, pang'onopang'ono zimaonedwa ngati chinthu chomwe chimaonedwa kuti ndi chachibadwa zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yayitali sichikhalanso chomvera chisoni.

Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zinapezanso kuti anthu 22 omwe ali mu gawo la desensitivity alipo okwana 7 (31.8%) ali mu gawo la sewero . Pa gawoli pali chizolowezi chochita zachiwerewere monga zolaula zomwe wakhala akuonera pa moyo wake weniweni.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI AWIRI NDI ANAI: Kukumana ndi zolaula pa intaneti (2008) - Pepala lonse, lokhala ndi milandu inayi yachipatala, lolembedwa ndi dokotala wa matenda amisala yemwe adazindikira za zotsatirapo zoyipa za zolaula pa intaneti pa odwala ake ena aamuna. Chidule chomwe chili pansipa chikufotokoza za mwamuna wazaka 31 yemwe adayamba kuchita zolaula kwambiri ndipo adayamba kukonda zolaula komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana. Ili ndi limodzi mwa mapepala oyamba omwe adawunikidwa ndi anzawo omwe akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azitha kulekerera, kukwera, komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito zogonana.

Mwamuna wazaka 31 yemwe amagwira ntchito yofufuza zamaganizo chifukwa cha mavuto osiyanasiyana okhudza nkhawa ananena kuti anali kukumana ndi vuto lofuna kugonana ndi wokondedwa wake wapano. Atakambirana zambiri za mkaziyo, ubale wawo, mikangano yobisika kapena zomwe zili mumtima mwake (popanda kupeza chifukwa chomveka bwino cha madandaulo ake), anapereka tsatanetsatane wakuti anali kudalira maloto enaake kuti akondwere. Atakhumudwa pang'ono, anafotokoza "zochitika" za chiwerewere chokhudza amuna ndi akazi angapo chomwe adapeza patsamba la zolaula pa intaneti chomwe chidamukopa chidwi ndipo chidakhala chimodzi mwa zomwe amakonda kwambiri. Pa nthawi ya magawo angapo, adafotokoza za kugwiritsa ntchito kwake zolaula pa intaneti, zomwe adachita nthawi zina kuyambira ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 20.

Zambiri zokhudza momwe amagwiritsira ntchito komanso zotsatira zake panthawiyi zikuphatikizapo kufotokozera momveka bwino kuti akudalira kwambiri ndikuwonanso zithunzi zolaula kuti athetse chiwerewere. Ananenanso za kukula kwa "kulekerera" ku zotsatira zowonongeka kwa zinthu zina pambuyo pa nthawi, zomwe zinatsatiridwa ndi kufufuza zinthu zatsopano zomwe angakwanitse kukwaniritsa, chilakolako chofuna kugonana.

Pamene tinkawunikanso momwe ankagwiritsira ntchito zolaula, zinaonekeratu kuti mavuto omwe anali nawo ndi chibwenzi chake chamakono anali ofanana ndi momwe ankagwiritsira ntchito zolaula, pomwe "kulekerera" kwake zotsatira zake zolimbikitsa zinthu zina kunachitika kaya anali ndi chibwenzi panthawiyo kapena anali kungogwiritsa ntchito zolaula podziseweretsa maliseche. Nkhawa yake yokhudza kugonana inamupangitsa kuti azidalira kwambiri kuonera zolaula. Posadziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumeneku kwakhala kovuta, anaganiza kuti chilakolako chake chogonana ndi chibwenzi chake chinali chosayenera kwa iye, ndipo sanali pachibwenzi choposa miyezi iwiri m'zaka zoposa zisanu ndi ziwiri, kusinthana chibwenzi chimodzi ndi china monga momwe angasinthire mawebusayiti.

Ananenanso kuti tsopano akhoza kudzutsidwa ndi zolaula zomwe poyamba sanafune kugwiritsira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, adati zaka zisanu zapitazo sanali ndi chidwi chowona zithunzi za kugonana koma tsopano anapeza zinthu zoterezi. Mofananamo, zinthu zomwe adalongosola monga "edgier," zomwe adatanthawuza kuti "zachiwawa kapena zolimbikitsana," ndizo zina zomwe zinkamupangitsa kugonana naye, pomwe zinthu zomwezo zinalibe chidwi ndipo zinkakhala zovuta. Ndi zina mwa nkhani zatsopanozi, iye adadzidetsa nkhaŵa komanso wosasangalatsa ngakhale momwe akadadzuka.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ATATU: Kufufuza momwe zinthu zogonana zimathandizira zikhulupiriro, kumvetsetsa ndi machitidwe a anyamata: kafukufuku wokhudza khalidwe (2018) - Kafukufuku wochepa wokhudza khalidwe pa amuna azaka zapakati pa 18-25 cholinga chake chinali kufufuza momwe anthu amaonera zolaula. Zotsatirapo zingapo zoipa zomwe zanenedwa, kuphatikizapo nkhawa zokhudza kulekerera ndi kukwera kwa khalidwe. Chidule:

Kuonjezera apo, ophunzira adalankhula za kuwonjezeka kwapakati pa SEM zomwe zili pa intaneti. SEM ikhoza kuwonedwa ngati mphamvu yowonjezera pakupanga zofuna zowonongeka kwambiri za kugonana.

"Chifukwa cha zolaula zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, makanemawa akuchulukirachulukira komanso odabwitsa kuti agwirizane ndi zofuna zawo kuti ziwoneke zosangalatsa". - Jay

"Mwina zandipangitsa kuti ndikhale wolimba mtima. Zimanditengera zambiri kuti mundidabwitse tsopano, Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zomwe ndawona sizikundikhuza monga kale ”- Tom

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ATATU NDI CHIMODZI: Makhalidwe osokoneza bongo oyambitsidwa ndi ukadaulo amapanga mikhalidwe yofanana koma yosiyana: Maonero a netiweki (2018) - Kafukufuku adawunika kuyanjana pakati pa mitundu inayi ya chizolowezi chaukadaulo: intaneti, foni yam'manja, masewera, kugonana pa intaneti. Anapeza kuti chilichonse ndi chizolowezi chosiyana, koma zonse zinayi zinali ndi zizindikiro zosiya - kuphatikiza chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti. Zidule:

Pofuna kuyesa lingaliro la spectrum ndikukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana pa khalidwe lililonse lothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo, wolemba woyamba ndi womaliza adalumikiza chinthu chilichonse cha sikelo ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi za "chizolowezi": kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, kusintha kwa malingaliro, kulephera kudziletsa, kuganizira kwambiri, kusiya, ndi zotsatira zake machitidwe osokoneza bongo othandizidwa ndi ukadaulo adafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zochokera mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (kope la 5) ndi chitsanzo cha chizolowezi: Intaneti, foni yam'manja, masewera, ndi kugonana pa intaneti.

Mphepete mwa zinthu zomwe zili pakati pa zinthuzi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi zizindikiro zomwezo kudzera mu zizindikiro za chizolowezi cha intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro za kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pa intaneti zinali zogwirizana ndi zizindikiro za kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pa zinthu zina zonse (chizolowezi cha masewera, chizolowezi cha mafoni a m'manja, ndi chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti) ndipo zotsatirapo zoyipa za chizolowezi cha intaneti zinali zogwirizananso ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa za matenda ena onse.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI AWIRI: Zofuna Zogonana ndi Zinthu Zogwiritsa Ntchito Pogonana ndi Ana (CSEM) Ogwiritsa Ntchito: Mapangidwe Anayi Oopsa Pakapita Nthawi (2018) - Kafukufukuyu adasanthula kusintha kwa zochita za ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za ana pakapita nthawi, pogwiritsa ntchito deta yochokera ku ma hard drive a anthu 40 omwe adaweruzidwa. Anapeza kuti njira yodziwika kwambiri inali kuchepa kwa zaka za munthu amene wawonetsedwa komanso kukwera kwa kuchuluka kwa zochita zogonana. Ofufuzawo akukambirana za chizolowezi ndi kukwera kwa zochitika , komanso mabuku omwe akuwonetsa kuti osonkhanitsa zolaula afika pakukula kwambiri kuposa kukhudzana ndi olakwira. Zidutswa:

37.5% ya zokololazo zinawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu ponena za zaka zonse komanso COPINE [zovuta]. Ana omwe adawonetsedwera anakhala achinyamata, ndipo zochitikazo zinakhala zovuta kwambiri.

... Tisaiwale kuti zokolola za ana zolaula zili ndi zolaula zambiri.

Cholinga chachikulu cha phunziroli chinali kusanthula kusunthika kwa magulu azolaula a ana omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi mlandu wokhudza zolaula za ana. Potengera zotsatira, tikupereka malingaliro anayi amtundu wa, komanso kusiyanasiyana, zosonkhanitsa zolaula za ana.

… Chizoloŵezi chodziwika kwambiri chinali kuchepa kwa msinkhu wa munthu yemwe akuwonetsedwa ndikuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwakukula kwakugonana. …

Kufotokozera koyamba ndikuti zosonkhanitsira zolaula za ana ndi chizindikiro cha zofuna za wosonkhanitsa ( Seto, 2013 ). Kufotokozera kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti wosonkhanitsayo angayang'ane kwambiri zomwe zimamukopa iye ....

Kufotokozera kwachiwiri komwe kumagwirizananso ndi kufotokoza kwa chilakolako cha kugonana ndikuti osonkhanitsa amakhala ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula zosakhwima kwambiri, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi machitidwe 1, 2, ndi 3 a kafukufuku wapano . Zanenedwa kuti kuzolowera zolaula kumabweretsa kutopa, zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kufunafuna zinthu zatsopano zomwe zili zoopsa kwambiri ( Reifler et al., 1971 ; Roy, 2004 ; Seto, 2013 ; Taylor & Quayle, 2003 ). Malinga ndi Laws and Marshall (1990) ,

malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana kale (zolimbikitsa, CS1) kuphatikiza maliseche (zosakakamiza, UCS) zitha kubweretsa chilakolako chokwanira chogonana kuphatikiza. Kusiyanasiyana kwakanthawi kopeka koyambirira (CS2) m'malo mwa koyambirira (mwina kupewa kunyong'onyeka) ndikuphatikizidwa ndi maliseche, kumatha kuyankhanso chimodzimodzi. (tsamba 212)

Motero, kuti asunge chilakolako chawo chogonana, osonkhanitsa zithunzi zolaula za ana angakakamizidwe kufufuza magulu ena azaka ndi zochita zogonana. Njira yopezera zithunzi izi mwina imatenga njira yoyesera ndi kulakwitsa momwe amadziwira momwe zatsopanozo zilili zogwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda pa nkhani zogonana.

… Pochita maliseche, osonkhanitsa CSEM amakhala ndi mwayi wofufuza mitundu ingapo yazakugonana kuposa olakwira omwe ali pa intaneti, omwe amalephera kupezeka ndi omwe akuzunzidwa. Zotsatira zake, atha kukhala olimbikitsidwa kufunafuna zinthu zatsopano zosaloledwa kuti akwaniritse malingaliro awo akugonana. Izi zikugwirizana ndi Babchishin et al.'s (2015) meta-analysis, yomwe ikuwulula kuti olakwira pa intaneti amakhala ndi zofuna zogonana zochulukirapo kuposa omwe amakhala osavomerezeka pa intaneti.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ATATU: Kusiyana kwa Amuna ndi Akazi pa Kusamala Kokha kwa Chikondi ndi Zogonana (2018) - Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso kunakhudza zotsatira za ntchito yoyesera, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso kunabweretsa zotsatirapo za chizolowezi pa zithunzi zolaula.

Ziwerengero pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zinayambitsidwa ngati covariate mu kusanthula kokhudzana ndi ntchito yodziwonera yokha chifukwa ntchitoyi mwina inakhudzidwa ndi chizolowezi chofuna zogonana.

Zomwe zapezeka zasonyeza kuti zithunzi zolaula zinkachititsa kuti anthu aziona zithunzi zolaula mosavuta. Komabe, izi zinalowedwa m'malo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, zomwe mwina zimasonyeza kuti munthu amakhala ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula.

Zomwe zapezekazi zikugwirizana ndi Sexual Content Induced Delay, zomwe zakhala zikufotokozedwa nthawi zonse m'mabuku ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti anthu amayankha mochedwa akakumana ndi chilakolako chogonana—motero zimasonyeza kuti amakonda kwambiri chilakolako chogonana—poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya chilakolako. Komabe, kuyambitsidwa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ngati covariate kunachepetsa mphamvu ya zithunzi zolaula (mpaka pamlingo wosafunikira kwenikweni), motero kuwulula njira yozoloŵera yodziwira zokha chilakolako chogonana.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ATATU NDI ANAI: Zithunzi Zolaula Zimayambitsa Kulephera Kugonana Pakati pa Anyamata Achinyamata (2019) - Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana lomwe limayambitsa zolaula (PIED) akuwonetsa kulekerera (kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana) ndi kuwonjezeka (kufunikira zinthu zoopsa kwambiri kuti zidzutsidwe) m'nkhani zonse. Kuchokera mu chidule:

Pepala ili likufufuza za vuto la zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kugonana (PIED), kutanthauza mavuto a mphamvu zogonana mwa amuna chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Deta yochokera kwa amuna omwe ali ndi vutoli yasonkhanitsidwa…. akunena kuti kuyambitsa koyambirira kwa zolaula (nthawi zambiri paunyamata) kumatsatiridwa ndi kumwa tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka kufika poti zinthu zambiri (monga, zinthu zachiwawa) zimafunika kuti munthu akhale ndi chilakolako chogonana. Gawo lofunika kwambiri limafika pamene chilakolako chogonana chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolaula zoopsa komanso zofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugonana kukhale kosasangalatsa komanso kosasangalatsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu asathe kukhala ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzake weniweni, pomwe amuna amayamba "kuyambiranso" njira, kusiya zolaula. Izi zathandiza amuna ena kuti apezenso mphamvu zawo zopezera chilakolako chogonana.

Chiyambi cha zotsatira zotsatira:

Nditamaliza kufufuza deta, ndaona njira zina ndi mitu yobwerezabwereza, kutsatira nkhani yotsatizana m'mafunso onse. Izi ndi izi: Chiyambi . Munthu amayamba kuonera zolaula, nthawi zambiri asanakwanitse msinkhu. Kumanga chizolowezi . Munthu amayamba kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezeka . Munthu amatembenukira ku mitundu yambiri ya zolaula, malinga ndi zomwe zili mkati, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo zomwe zidapezeka kale kudzera mu mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya zolaula. Kuzindikira. Munthu amaona mavuto okhudzana ndi mphamvu zogonana omwe amakhulupirira kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Njira "yoyambiranso". Munthu amayesa kulamulira kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kapena kuzichotsa kwathunthu kuti apezenso mphamvu zogonana. Deta yochokera ku mafunsowa yaperekedwa kutengera zomwe zili pamwambapa.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ATATU NDI ATANU (silinawunikidwe ndi anzawo): Lipoti la xHamster pa Kugonana Kwapaintaneti, Gawo 1: Kugonana Kwachisawawa (2019) - Kafukufuku wodabwitsa wochokera patsamba la Xhamster akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri kungapangitse ogwiritsa ntchito ena kukhulupirira kuti akhoza kukhala ndi bisexual. Ngakhale kuti izi sizolondola pandale, YBOP yalemba zochitika zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse omwe ankadziona kuti ndi bisexual, koma sanakhulupirirenso izi atatha nthawi yayitali kutali ndi zolaula. Masamba awa ali ndi zitsanzo zambiri zochotsa zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asinthe zokonda zawo zogonana:

Chidule cha nkhani ya Xhamster (yomwe ili ndi ma graph angapo ):

Kodi kuona zithunzi zolaula kumakupangitsani kugonana? Ayi, koma zingakupangitseni kuti mukhale otero.

Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi uno, xHamster anayambitsa phunziro lapamtima lachitukuko - Lipoti la xHamster la Digital Sexuality - kulemba deta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zaka, amuna, chiwerewere, maubwenzi, maganizo, ndale ndi zina, kuyesa kumvetsetsa yemwe akuyang'ana bwanji. Ogwiritsa ntchito a 11,000 anamaliza kufufuza.

Pamene tikuyamba kupanga deta, nambala imodzi idatuluka mwa ife mwamsanga. Pa 22.3% mwa alendo onse a US aHamster amadziona kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. 67% yokha amadziona okha kuti ndi "olunjika".

Poyamba, timaganiza kuti pali china chake cholakwika ndi manambala, kapena kapangidwe ka kafukufukuyu. Koma pamene tidakumba mozama, tidawona kufanana ndi mayankho awo - kuchokera paubwenzi, momwe amaonera zolaula, komwe amakhala - zomwe zimathandizira manambala …….

Kotero ife tinkadabwa, kodi pali chinachake chowonera zolaula zomwe zimatsegula ogwiritsa ntchito ku lingaliro la kugonana kwamtundu wambiri. Yankho liri ^ izo zikhoza.

Tinayerekeza mayankho ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amaonera zolaula kamodzi pa sabata, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amanena kuti amaonera kangapo patsiku. Okonda zolaula omwe amaonera kangapo patsiku anali ndi mwayi wodzizindikiritsa kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuposa okonda zolaula omwe amaonera kamodzi pa sabata (27% vs 13%).

Monga momwe mukuonera, pali kusiyana pakati pa nthawi yomwe munthu amawonera zolaula, komanso kaya ali ndi zibwenzi kapena ayi. (Zikuwoneka kuti sizikukhudzidwa pa chidziwitso chachiwerewere - chomwe chimakhala mumtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.)

Tinadzifunsanso ngati pali njira ina yomwe akazi okonda zolaula - 38% mwa iwo omwe mu kafukufuku wathu adawapeza kuti ndi amuna ndi akazi okhaokha - angasokoneze detayo. Choncho tinabwereza mawerengedwewo ndi amuna okha. Zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri.

Amuna 10.8% okha omwe amaonera zolaula kamodzi pa sabata amadziwika kuti ndi amuna ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma 27.2% ya amuna omwe amaonera zolaula kangapo patsiku amadziwika kuti ndi amuna ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. (Kupatula apo, ngati mukuyang'ana amuna amaliseche tsiku lonse - ngakhale mutakhala kuti pali mkazi pachithunzichi - mwina zingakupatseni malingaliro ambiri okhudza kugonana kwa anthu.)

Tsopano, tiyenera kutsindika kuti kulumikizana sikubweretsa. Anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha onse amafotokoza zolaula pafupipafupi, komanso manyazi omwe amakhala nawo chifukwa chakuwona. (Magulu onse awiriwa sangakhale okwatirana, chifukwa chake atha kukhala ndi ufulu wowonera. Koma - sitinawone kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pakuwonera pafupipafupi, ndi kudziwika kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. ……

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ATATU NDI CHIMODZI: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ochita Zolaula Panthawi ya Index Offense: Characterization and Predictors (2019) - Zolemba:

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kulingalira ndi kuneneratu za ochita zachiwerewere zolaula panthawi yomwe amalondolera. Ophatikizidwa anali olakwira amuna okwana 146 omwe anamangidwa kundende ya Chipwitikizi. Mafunso omwe anakhazikitsidwa pang'ono komanso Mafunso a Wilson Sex Ndimalingaliro adayendetsedwa.

Motero, kwa anthu amenewo, zolaula zinali ndi mphamvu yowongolera khalidwe lawo, zomwe zinawapangitsa kufuna kuyesa makhalidwe amenewo. Izi ndizofunikira, popeza 45% adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zinali ndi kugonana kokakamiza ndipo 10% adagwiritsa ntchito ana kamodzi kokha panthawi ya mlandu wa index. Zikuwoneka kuti kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi makhalidwe enaake ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zingathandize kuthetsa zilakolako zawo zogonana. Sizinali mutu wa kafukufukuyu kuti awone zomwe makhalidwe amenewo anali, koma kafukufuku wakale wafufuza nkhaniyi (monga Seto et al., 2001).

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngakhale kuti maphunziro ena amanena kuti zolaula ndi “zochititsa manyazi” ngati njira yopezera mpumulo (Carter et al., 1987; D'Amato, 2006), sizikuwoneka zofanana kwa anthu onse, chifukwa kwa ena sizinali zokwanira ndipo zinawapangitsa kuyesa kubwereza zomwe zawonetsedwa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa asing'anga pokonza njira zothandizira anthu olakwira zolaula za ana, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula chiyenera kuyesedwa bwino pasadakhale. Kumvetsetsa bwino momwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula asanayambe kuchita zachiwerewere ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa cha ubale wake ndi nkhanza zogonana (Wright et al., 2016) komanso kubwereza zachiwawa (Kingston et al., 2008)...

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ATATU NDI AKUWIRI: Zithunzi zolaula: kafukufuku woyesera wa zotsatira (1971) - Chidule:

Olembawo adaphunzira za momwe kuwonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kwa zithunzi zolaula pa anyamata. Anthu 23 omwe adayesedwawo adakhala mphindi 90 patsiku kwa milungu itatu akuonera mafilimu olaula ndikuwerenga zithunzi zolaula . Muyeso wa anthuwa usanachitike komanso atamaliza maphunzirowa komanso gulu lolamulira la amuna asanu ndi anayi unaphatikizapo kusintha kwa mbolo ndi zochita za acid phosphatase poyankha mafilimu olaula. Deta imatsimikizira lingaliro lakuti kuwonetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kwa zolaula kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi kuyankha. Mayeso osiyanasiyana amisala ndi masikelo sanapeze zotsatira zokhalitsa pamalingaliro kapena machitidwe a anthuwa kupatula kumva kutopa ndi zolaula, zonse zitangochitika kafukufukuyu komanso milungu isanu ndi itatu pambuyo pake.

PHUNZIRANI MAKUMI ATATU NDI ATATU: Kupeza Lolita: Kusanthula Koyerekeza kwa Chidwi pa Zithunzi Zolaula Zoyang'ana Achinyamata (2016) - Chidule:

Mmene timaonera zolaula zakhala zikusintha pakapita nthawi, monganso zolaula zakuya. Komabe, ngakhale kuti zaka zambiri zafukufuku zokhudzana ndi zolaula, zimadziwika kwambiri za mitundu yeniyeni, njira zamagwiritsidwe ntchito, komanso makhalidwe omwe akudya zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pogwiritsa ntchito zofufuza za Google ndi kufufuza mafano, kafukufukuyu akufufuza chidwi ndi maubwenzi pa chiwerengero chachikulu cha zolaula zojambula zithunzi. Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti chidwi chikusiyana malinga ndi chikhalidwe, zaka, malo, ndi ndalama.

Chidule:

Popeza kafukufuku wathu wapano pano angangolankhula za zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera ku kusanthula kwathu, maphunziro amtsogolo ayenera kuchitika kuti adziwe zambiri zokhudzana ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe enieni okhudzana ndi kuonera zolaula zoyang'ana achinyamata. Ponseponse, zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti malingaliro onse atatu adathandizidwa. Tapeza kuti pakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chidwi pakati pa zolaula za achinyamata, zolaula za amateur, ndi zolaula zouziridwa ndi Hentai, zomwe sizosadabwitsa chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa niche pakati pa zomwe zilipo komanso zomwe zimapezeka kudzera m'malo ochezera zolaula (Ogas ndi Gaddam 2011).

Zachidziwikire kuti chidwi cha zolaula chomwe chimalimbikitsa achinyamata chachuluka mzaka khumi zapitazi, ndipo kuwonjezeraku kukuwoneka kuti kukugwirizana ndi zomwe a Gill (2008, 2012) ndi ena amati ndikupitilira '' kugonana kwachikhalidwe ''. Chidwi chokha chofufuza zolaula za Lolita chatsika, mwina chifukwa cha njira yakale komanso kutsika kwa kutchuka, monga kufunsa kwakumveka. Komanso, umboni umachirikiza malingaliro athu kuti omwe amafunafuna izi zobisika mkati mwa zithunzi zolaula za achinyamata ndi anthu opambana osati gulu lokhala ndi anthu ena. Sikuti chidwi cha mitundu yamakono zolaula chomwe chikuyang'ana achinyamata, chimodzimodzinso machitidwe a ogula omwe amafunafuna mafunso omwe atchulidwa pano.

PHUNZIRO CHACHISANU NDI CHIWIRI: Makhalidwe okhudzidwa ndi zochitika zina zosiyana zimasiyanitsa pakati pa zosangalatsa ndi zosagwirizana ndi zolaula za pa Intaneti (2019) - Chidule chofunikira:

Chotsatira china chosangalatsa ndichakuti kukula kwa zotsatira za nthawi yoyeserera pambuyo pa hoc mu mphindi iliyonse, poyerekeza ogwiritsa ntchito [ovuta] osalamulidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amasangalala nthawi zambiri, kunali kwakukulu [mwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi vuto] poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa sabata. Izi zitha kuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi IP yosalamulidwa [zolaula pa intaneti] amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka zovuta kusiya kuonera IP panthawi ya gawo kapena amafunika nthawi yayitali kuti apeze mphotho yomwe akufuna, yomwe ingafanane ndi mtundu wa kulolerana ndi matenda ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ANAI: Kufalikira, Makhalidwe ndi Zotsatira Zomwe Munthu Amadziona Ngati Akugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula mwa Ophunzira a ku Yunivesite ya ku Poland: Kafukufuku Wosiyanasiyana (2019) . Kafukufukuyu anafotokoza zonse zomwe anthu otsutsa amanena kuti palibe: kulekerera/chizolowezi, kukwera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito, kufunikira mitundu yoopsa kwambiri kuti ikhudzidwe ndi kugonana, zizindikiro zosiya kugonana akasiya, mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula, chizolowezi chogonana, ndi zina zambiri. Zidutswa zingapo zokhudzana ndi kulekerera/chizolowezi/kukwera:

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimawonedwa kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zimaphatikizapo: kufunikira kolimbikitsirana kwa nthawi yayitali (12.0%) ndi zolimbikitsa zambiri zogonana (17.6%) kuti munthu afike pachimake, komanso kuchepa kwa kukhutitsidwa pogonana (24.5%)…

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsanso kuti kuonekera koyambirira kungagwirizane ndi kufooka kwa chilakolako chogonana monga momwe zikuwonetsera chifukwa chofuna kulimbikitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso chilakolako chogonana chofunikira kuti munthu afike pachimake akamadya zinthu zonyansa, komanso kuchepa kwa chikhutiro chogonana ... ..

Kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zolaula komwe kumachitika panthawi yomwe anthu amaonera zolaula kunanenedwa: kusintha kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zodziwika bwino (46.0%), kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi chilakolako chogonana (60.9%) komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoopsa kwambiri (zachiwawa) (32.0%). Izi zidanenedwa kawirikawiri ndi akazi omwe amadziona kuti ndi odabwitsa poyerekeza ndi omwe amadziona kuti ndi osadziwa zambiri.

Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zolaula kwambiri kunanenedwa kawirikawiri ndi amuna omwe amadzitcha kuti ndi ankhanza.

Zowonjezera zizindikiro za kulekerera / kukula: akusowa ma tebulo ambiri ndikuwonetsa zolaula kunja kwa nyumba:

Ophunzira ambiri adavomereza kuti adagwiritsa ntchito njira zachinsinsi (76.5%, n = 3256) ndi mawindo angapo (51.5%, n = 2190) akamaonera zolaula pa intaneti. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunja kwa nyumba kunalengezedwa ndi 33.0% ( n = 1404).

Zakale kwambiri za ntchito yoyamba zokhudzana ndi mavuto aakulu ndi kuledzeretsa (izi mwachindunji zimasonyeza kulekerera-chizolowezi-kuchuluka):

Zaka zoyamba kuonera zolaula zinali zogwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zotsatira zoyipa za zolaula mwa achinyamata - mwayi waukulu unapezeka kwa akazi ndi amuna omwe adawonetsedwa ali ndi zaka 12 kapena kuchepera. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana salola kuwunika chifukwa chake, zomwe zapezekazi zitha kuwonetsa kuti kuyanjana ndi zolaula paubwana kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zanthawi yayitali….

Zizolowezi zoledzera zinali zapamwamba, ngakhale kuti zinali "kudzizindikira":

Kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku komanso chizolowezi chodziona ngati woledzera kunanenedwa ndi 10.7% ndi 15.5% , motsatana.

Phunzirolo linanena kuti zizindikiro zowononga, ngakhale kuti sizinali zovuta (chizindikiro chenichenicho cha ubongo wokhudzana ndi chiwerewere):

Pakati pa omwe adafunsidwa omwe adadzinenera kuti ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (n = 4260), 51.0% adavomereza kuti anayesa kamodzi kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito popanda kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa amuna ndi akazi . 72.2% ya omwe adayesa kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula adawonetsa kuti adakumana ndi zotsatirapo chimodzi, ndipo zomwe zimawonedwa kwambiri zidaphatikizapo maloto ogonana (53.5%), kukwiya (26.4%), kusokonezeka kwa chidwi (26.0%), ndi kusungulumwa (22.2%) (Gome 2).

Ambiri mwa anthuwa adakhulupirira kuti zolaula ndizofunika kwa anthu onse:

Phunziroli, ophunzira omwe adafunsidwa kawirikawiri amasonyeza kuti zolaula zimakhala ndi zotsatira zovuta pa ubale, chikhalidwe, kugonana, ndipo zingakhudze chitukuko cha umoyo pa ubwana ndi unyamata. Ngakhale zili choncho, ambiri a iwo sankagwirizana ndi zofunikira zotsutsa zolaula ....

Kuwongolera kunena kuti zikhalidwe zomwe zakhalapo kale ndizofunikira kwenikweni, osati kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, phunzirolo linapeza kuti makhalidwe a umunthu sanali okhudzana ndi zotsatira:

Kupatulapo zina, palibe khalidwe lililonse la umunthu, lomwe linadzinenera lokha mu kafukufukuyu, lomwe linasiyanitsa magawo omwe adaphunziridwa a zolaula. Zomwe zapezekazi zikuthandizira lingaliro lakuti kupeza ndi kuwona zolaula pakadali pano ndi nkhani zazikulu kwambiri kuti zisatchule makhalidwe aliwonse a anthu ogwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, pali mfundo yosangalatsa yokhudza ogula omwe adanena kuti akufunikira kuwona zolaula zochulukirapo. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonekera pafupipafupi kumatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kufooka kwa chidwi komwe kumabweretsa kufunikira kowona zinthu zowopsa kwambiri kuti zifike pachilakolako chofanana cha kugonana.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ANAI NDI CHIMODZI: Kufalikira ndi Zomwe Zimayambitsa Mavuto Okhudza Zithunzi Zolaula Pa Intaneti Pogwiritsa Ntchito Chitsanzo cha Akazi Aku Germany (2019) - Kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti chizolowezi cholaula chinali chogwirizana kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolaula. Olembawo amakhulupirira kuti izi zikusonyeza kulekerera komwe kumabweretsa kufunafuna mitundu yatsopano kuti apeze zotsatira zomwezo. Zidutswa:

Mogwirizana ndi lingaliro lathu, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti movutikira kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poonera zolaula pa intaneti. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti mochulukira, kumawonjezera chiŵerengero cha s-IATsex. Chodziwikiratu, mgwirizanowu umafotokoza 18% yokha ya kusiyana komwe kulipo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha kusiyanako chisadziwike. Zotsatira zake, nthawi yonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poonera zolaula pa intaneti (maola pa sabata) singafanane ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti movutikira, monga momwe zachitikira m'maphunziro ena am'mbuyomu. Komabe, deta yathu ikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poonera zolaula pa intaneti ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti movutikira.

Tinazindikiranso kusiyana kwakukulu kwa magulu a zolaula ngati chizindikiro chabwino cha kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti molakwika —ndiko kuti, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe munthu akamaonera, zimamupatsa chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha s-IATsex. Izi zikusonyeza kuti akazi omwe ali ndi zolaula pa intaneti molakwika amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingakhale chizindikiro cha zotsatira za chizolowezi. Kuchita chizolowezi kungayambitse kukula kwa kulekerera, zomwe zimapangitsa ogula kufufuza zinthu zatsopano kuti apeze yankho lomwelo la mitsempha ku zolaula monga momwe adachitira poyamba.

Zomwe tapeza zikuwonjezereka ku mabuku omwe akukula omwe amasonyeza kuti zolaula zolaula pa Intaneti zikugwiritsidwa ntchito zingakhale zochitika zogwirizana ndi matenda. Ngakhale mu 2013 omwe ali olemba za buku lothandizira komanso lofufuza, buku lachisanu lachisanu ndi chimodzi linasiya kuwonjezera "matenda a hypersexual" monga matenda, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wapangitsa kuti pulojekitiyi ikhale "yovuta kugonana" Dongosolo lachilengedwe la Matenda ndi Matenda Okhudzana ndi Matenda.

PHUNZIRO LA 3: Kudziletsa Kapena Kuvomereza? Mndandanda wa Zochitika za Amuna Pochitapo Kanthu Pothana ndi Mavuto Omwe Amadziona Ngati Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula (2019) - Pepalali likunena za milandu isanu ndi umodzi ya amuna omwe ali ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula pamene ankachita pulogalamu yolowerera yoganizira (kusinkhasinkha, zolemba za tsiku ndi tsiku & kulemba mlungu uliwonse). Anthu onse akuwoneka kuti akupindula ndi kusinkhasinkha. Mogwirizana ndi mndandanda uwu wa maphunziro, atatu adafotokoza kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito (chizolowezi) ndi chimodzi chidafotokoza zizindikiro zosiya. (Osati pansipa - ena awiri adanenedwa kuti amayambitsa ED.)

Kuchotsera pamilandu yomwe ikunena zodzichotsera:

Perry (22, P_akeh_a) :

Perry ankaona kuti alibe mphamvu pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndipo kuonera zolaula ndiyo njira yokhayo yomwe angathanirane ndi kulamulira malingaliro, makamaka mkwiyo . Ananena kuti anakwiyira anzake ndi abale ake ngati atasiya zolaula kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe adazitcha nthawi ya sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi 3 milandu yofotokozera kukwera kapena malo:

Preston (34, M_aori)

Preston anadzizindikiritsa yekha ndi SPPPU chifukwa ankada nkhawa ndi nthawi yomwe amathera akuonera ndi kuganizira za zolaula. Kwa iye, zolaula zinali zitakula kwambiri kuposa zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndipo zinafika pamlingo womwe zolaula zinali zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake. Ananena kuti amaonera zolaula kwa maola ambiri patsiku , kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa miyambo yeniyeni yowonera nthawi yake yowonera (monga, kukonza chipinda chake, magetsi, ndi mpando mwanjira inayake komanso mwadongosolo asanawonere, kuchotsa mbiri ya msakatuli wake atawonera, ndikuyeretsa atawonera mwanjira yofanana), ndikuwononga nthawi yambiri kuti asunge umunthu wake pa intaneti m'gulu lodziwika bwino la zolaula pa intaneti pa PornHub, tsamba lalikulu kwambiri la zolaula pa intaneti padziko lonse lapansi…

Patrick (40, P_akeh_a)

Patrick anadzipereka pa kafukufukuyu chifukwa anali ndi nkhawa ndi nthawi yomwe amaonera zolaula, komanso momwe amaonera. Ndipo Patrick nthawi zonse ankaonera zolaula kwa maola angapo nthawi imodzi akusiya mwana wake wamng'ono wosamuyang'aniridwa m'chipinda chochezera kuti azisewera kapena kuonera wailesi yakanema…

Peter (29, P_akeh_a)

Peter anali ndi nkhawa ndi mtundu wa zithunzi zolaula zomwe ankaonera. Anakopeka ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe zinkaoneka ngati zochita zogwiririra . Pamene ankaonetsa zochitikazo moona mtima komanso moona mtima, ankanena kuti ankasangalala kwambiri akamazionera. Peter ankaona kuti zomwe amakonda pa zithunzi zolaula zinali kuphwanya miyezo ya makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe abwino yomwe anali nayo...

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ANAI ATATU: Zobisika mu Manyazi: Zomwe Amuna Osagonana Nawo Akumana Nazo Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zovuta (2019) - Kafukufuku wokhudza kuyankhulana kwa amuna 15 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Amuna angapo adanenanso za chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito, chizolowezi, kusakhutira ndi kugonana komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zolaula. Zidutswa zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi chizolowezi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kusintha zokonda zogonana.

Ophunzirawo adalankhula za momwe zolaula zinakhudzira mbali zosiyanasiyana za kugonana kwawo komanso zomwe adakumana nazo pa kugonana. Michael adafotokoza momwe zolaula zinakhudzira machitidwe ake ogonana, makamaka za machitidwe omwe amayesa kupanga ndi akazi omwe adawaonera mu zolaula . Adalankhula poyera za machitidwe ogonana omwe amachita nthawi zonse, ndipo adafunsa momwe machitidwewa anali achilengedwe:

Michael: Nthawi zina ndimakhumudwa ndi nkhope ya atsikana, yomwe sikuthandiza, koma ndinayipeza kuchokera zolaula. Bwanji osaweramira? Bwanji bondo? Pali gawo la kusalemekeza icho. Ngakhale mtsikanayo avomera, ndizopanda ulemu. (23, Middle-Eastern, Student)

Deta yomwe ophunzirawo adapereka ikuwoneka kuti ikugwirizana ndi mabuku, ndi zolaula zomwe zimakhudza ziyembekezo zogonana, zomwe amakonda pa nkhani yogonana, komanso kukakamiza akazi kuti azigonana ndi amuna anzawo.... Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akuonera zolaula, ena mwa amunawo anayamba kusakonda kugonana tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa sikunakwaniritse ziyembekezo zomwe zithunzi zolaula zimayembekezera :

A Ben: Ndimaona ngati kugonana kwenikweni sikwabwino chifukwa zomwe ndimayembekezera ndizambiri. Zinthu zomwe ndimayembekezera kuti azichita pabedi. Zithunzi zolaula ndi chithunzi chosatsimikizika cha moyo wogonana wokhazikika. Nditayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zosatheka, mumayembekezera kuti moyo wanu wogonana ungafanane kukula ndi chisangalalo cha zolaula. Koma sizichitika, ndipo zikachitika, ndimakhumudwa pang'ono. (27, Asia, Student)

George: Ndikuganiza ziyembekezo zanga zomwe ndimakhala nazo pazomwe zimakhalira, bang, zodabwitsa zomwe zimayenera kukhala panthawi yogonana sizofanana mmoyo weniweni [. . .] Ndipo zimandivuta ngati zomwe ndimazolowera zimakhala zosakhala zenizeni, ndikuwonetsedwa. Zithunzi zolaula zimapanga ziyembekezo zosatheka zogonana. (51, Pākehā, Wophunzitsa)

Frank ndi George akufotokoza za zolaula zomwe zimatchedwa "Pornotopia," dziko la maloto komwe amuna ambiri amakhala ndi "akazi okonda chilakolako, okongola, komanso okonda kugonana nthawi zonse" (Salmon, 2012). Kwa amuna awa, zolaula zinapanga dziko la maloto ogonana lomwe silingathe kukwaniritsidwa "kwenikweni". ... Pamene ziyembekezo izi sizinakwaniritsidwe, amuna ena anakhumudwa ndipo anasiya kulakalaka kugonana :

Albert: Chifukwa ndawona zithunzi ndi makanema ambiri azimayi omwe ndimawoneka wokongola, zimandivuta kukhala ndi azimayi omwe safanana ndi azimayi omwe ndimawaonera m'mavidiyo kapena kuwona pazithunzi. Azanga anga safanana ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ndimawonera m'mavidiyo [. . .] Mukamaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri, ndazindikira kuti azimayi nthawi zonse amakhala ovala kwambiri, okhala ndi zidendene komanso nsapato zazitali, ndipo ndikapanda kugona pabanja ndimakhala wosakwiya. (37, Pa¯keha¯, Wophunzira)

Ophunzira adakambilananso momwe zokonda zawo zidakwanira chifukwa cha zolaula. Izi zitha kuphatikizira "kuchuluka" pazinthu zolaula:

David: Poyamba munthu m'modzi anali kuvala maliseche pang'onopang'ono, kenako zinafika pa maanja akuchita zogonana, ndipo kuyambira kale kwambiri, ndinayamba kugonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zonsezi zinachitika patatha zaka zingapo nditayamba kuonera zolaula [. . .] Kuchokera pamenepo, kuonera kwanga kunayamba kukhala koopsa kwambiri. Ndinapeza kuti mawu omveka bwino anali a ululu ndi kusasangalala, ndipo makanema omwe ndinaonera anayamba kukhala achiwawa kwambiri. Monga, makanema omwe amapangidwa kuti aziwoneka ngati kugwiririra. Chomwe ndinkafuna chinali zinthu zopangidwa kunyumba, kalembedwe ka anthu osaphunzira. Zinkaoneka zokhulupiririka, ngati kugwiririra kukuchitikadi. (29, Pa¯keha¯, Professional)

Mabuku amanena kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimawavuta komanso/kapena zovuta nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto lomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawonjezeka ndipo kumatenga nthawi yambiri akuonera kapena kufunafuna mitundu yatsopano yomwe imachititsa mantha, kudabwa, kapena kuphwanya ziyembekezo (Wéry & Billieux, 2016). Mogwirizana ndi mabuku, David anati zomwe amakonda kwambiri zolaula ndi zolaula. Zoonadi, kuwonjezeka kwa maliseche mpaka kugwiriridwa kwenikweni ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe David adawona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali kovuta. Monga David, Daniel adazindikiranso kuti zomwe adapeza kuti zimadzutsa chilakolako cha kugonana zidasintha atatha zaka zambiri akuonera zolaula. Daniel adafotokoza za kuwonetsedwa kwake kwambiri pazithunzi zolaula, makamaka za mbolo zomwe zimalowa m'maliseche, kenako nkuyamba kulakalaka kugonana ndikuwona mbolo:

Daniel: Mukaonera zolaula zambiri, mumayamba kukwiya ndi kuona mbolo, chifukwa zimakhala pa sikirini kwambiri. Kenako mbolo imakhala gwero lokhazikika komanso lodziyimira lokha la chilimbikitso ndi chisangalalo. Kwa ine, n'zosangalatsa kuona momwe ndimakonda mbolo, osati china chilichonse cha mwamuna. Kotero monga ndidanenera, sindipeza chilichonse kuchokera kwa amuna, kupatula mbolo. Ngati mukopera ndikuyiyika pa mkazi, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kwambiri. (27, Pasifika, Wophunzira)

Patapita nthawi, pamene zokonda zawo zolaula zinayamba kusintha, amuna onse awiriwa anayesa kufufuza zomwe amakonda pa moyo weniweni . David adabwerezanso zina mwazokonda zake zolaula ndi mnzake, makamaka kugonana ndi kumatako. David adanena kuti adamva bwino kwambiri pamene mnzakeyo akuvomereza zilakolako zogonana, zomwe sizimachitika nthawi zonse pazochitika zotere. Komabe, David sanaulule zomwe amakonda pa zolaula zogwiririra ndi mnzake. D aniel, monga David, nayenso adabwerezanso zomwe amakonda pa zolaula ndipo adayesa pochita zachiwerewere ndi mkazi wosintha mtundu wa anthu. Komabe, malinga ndi mabuku okhudzana ndi zolaula ndi zochitika zenizeni zogonana, milandu ya David ndi Daniel sikutanthauza kuti ndi yachizolowezi. Ngakhale pali mgwirizano pakati pa machitidwe osazolowereka, anthu ambiri alibe chidwi chobwerezabwereza za zolaula - makamaka machitidwe osazolowereka - omwe amasangalala kuonera (Martyniuk, Okolski, & Dekker, 2019).

Pomaliza, amuna adanenanso za momwe zithunzi zolaula zakhudzira kugonana kwawo, zomwe zangofufuzidwa posachedwapa m'mabuku. Mwachitsanzo, Park ndi anzake (2016) adapeza kuti kuonera zolaula pa intaneti kungagwirizane ndi vuto la kugonana, kuchepa kwa chikhutiro cha kugonana, komanso kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana. Ophunzira nawo mu kafukufuku wathu adanenanso za vuto lofananalo la kugonana, lomwe adati limachitika chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ANAI: Zizindikiro za chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti mwa akuluakulu (2019) - Mu Chisipanishi, kupatulapo chidule. Avereji ya zaka inali 65. Ili ndi zinthu zodabwitsa zomwe zimathandizira bwino njira yogwiritsira ntchito chizolowezi, kuphatikizapo 24% ya zizindikiro zomwe zanenedwa za kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (nkhawa, kukwiya, kukhumudwa, ndi zina zotero). Kuchokera mu chidule:

Chifukwa chake, cholinga cha ntchitoyi chinali kawiri: 1) kusanthula kufalikira kwa okalamba omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kapena kuwonetsa mbiri ya matenda a kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi 2) kupanga mbiri ya zizindikiro zomwe zimawadziwika mwa anthuwa. Ophunzira 538 (amuna 77%) azaka zopitilira 60 (M = 65.3) adamaliza mndandanda wa ziyeso za khalidwe la kugonana pa intaneti. 73.2% adati amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi cholinga chogonana. Pakati pawo, 80.4% adachita izi mosangalala pomwe 20% adawonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito chiopsezo. Pakati pa zizindikiro zazikulu, zomwe zidadziwika kwambiri zinali kuwona kusokonezedwa (50% ya omwe adachita nawo), kuthera maola opitilira 5 pa sabata pa intaneti pazogonana (50%), kuzindikira kuti akhoza kuchita izi mopitirira muyeso (51%) kapena kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zosiya (nkhawa, kukwiya, kukhumudwa, ndi zina zotero) (24%) . Ntchitoyi ikuwonetsa kufunika kowonera zochitika zogonana zoopsa pa intaneti mu gulu lopanda phokoso ndipo nthawi zambiri kunja kwa njira iliyonse yolimbikitsira thanzi la kugonana pa intaneti.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ANAI 5: Zotsatira za zolaula pa okwatirana (2019) - Kafukufuku wosowa kwambiri wa ku Egypt. Ngakhale kafukufukuyu akunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawonjezera chilakolako cha kugonana, zotsatira zake za nthawi yayitali sizikugwirizana ndi zotsatira zake za nthawi yochepa. Pomaliza:

Kutsiliza: Zithunzi zolaula zimasokoneza banja.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kulolerana kapena kukwera:

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kuonera zolaula kuli ndi ubale wabwino ndi zaka zambiri zaukwati. Izi zikugwirizana ndi Goldberg et al. ¹⁴ omwe adanena kuti zolaula zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Izi zikugwirizananso ndi Doidge ¹⁵ omwe adati thupi limakhala ndi kulekerera dopamine yomwe imatulutsidwa ikamayang'ana zolaula pakapita nthawi.

Pali mgwirizano woipa kwambiri pakati pa kukhutira ndi moyo wogonana ndi kuonera zolaula chifukwa 68.5% ya owonera omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo sakhutira ndi moyo wawo wogonana. Izi zidagwirizana ndi Bergner ndi Bridges ¹⁷ omwe adapeza kuti pali kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana komanso kukhutira ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Mu kafukufuku wapano, ngakhale kuti zolaula zimawonjezera chilakolako ndi kuchuluka kwa kugonana, sizithandiza wogwiritsa ntchito kufika pachimake. Izi zikugwirizana ndi Zillman ²⁴ yemwe adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zonse kumabweretsa kulekerera kwambiri zinthu zogonana, motero kumafuna zinthu zatsopano komanso zachilendo kuti munthu akwaniritse chilakolako ndi chidwi chomwecho, zomwe zidagwirizananso ndi Henderson ²⁵ , yemwe adapeza kuti zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chilakolako ndi kusangalatsa sizikuteronso, motero zinthu zambiri komanso nthawi yayitali yowonera komanso zinthu zonyoza zimafunidwa kuti zikwaniritse chisangalalo ndi kukhutitsidwa komweko.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ANAI NDI CHIMODZI: Kuwunika Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Pa Intaneti Movuta: Kuyerekeza Masikelo Atatu ndi Njira Zosakanikirana (2020) - Kafukufuku Watsopano Wachi China woyerekeza kulondola kwa mafunso atatu otchuka okhudzana ndi zizolowezi zolaula. Anafunsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula 33 ndi akatswiri azachipatala, ndipo anayesa mitu 970. Zotsatira Zoyenera:

27 mwa anthu 33 omwe atafunsidwa mafunso adatchulapo zizindikiro zosiya.
15 mwa 33 omwe atafunsidwa adatchulapo kukwera kwambiri.

Zojambula pamalonda zikuwunikira magawo asanu ndi limodzi a mafunso okhudzana ndi zolaula omwe amayesa kulekerera ndi kuchoka (The PPCS):

Mafunso olondola kwambiri mwa mafunso atatuwa anali "PPCS" yomwe imapangidwa motsatira mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mosiyana ndi mafunso ena awiri, ndi mayeso am'mbuyomu okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, PPCS imayesa kulekerera ndi kusiya . Chidule chofotokoza kufunika koyesa kulekerera ndi kusiya:

Makhalidwe olimba a psychometric komanso kulondola kwakukulu kwa PPCS kungakhale chifukwa chakuti yapangidwa mogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha Griffiths cha zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi cha chizolowezi (monga, mosiyana ndi PPUS ndi s-IAT-sex). PPCS ili ndi dongosolo lamphamvu kwambiri la chiphunzitso, ndipo imayesa zigawo zambiri za chizolowezi [ 11 ]. Makamaka, kulekerera ndi kusiya ndi magawo ofunikira a IPU yovuta yomwe siiyesedwa ndi PPUS ndi s-IAT-sex ;

Ofunsidwa mafunsowo amaona kuti kusiya kugonana ndi chinthu chofala komanso chofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika:

Zingathenso kuganiziridwa kuchokera ku Chithunzi 1 kuti odzipereka ndi akatswiri onse adagogomezera kufunika kwa mikangano, kubwereranso ndi kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mu IPU (kutengera kuchuluka kwa kutchulidwa); nthawi yomweyo, adawona kusintha kwa malingaliro, kubwerera ndi kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (kutengera kufunikira kwa mlingo).

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ANAI NDI AWIRI: Kuchepetsa Malingaliro Ogonana Osasinthika Pazaka Zonse za Moyo mwa Amuna Akuluakulu aku US (2020) - Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti gulu la zaka 18-30 lidanena kuti lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha malingaliro ogonana osasinthika kutsatiridwa ndi omwe ali ndi zaka 31-50, kenako omwe ali ndi zaka 51-76. Mwachidule, gulu la zaka lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (ndi omwe adakulira pogwiritsa ntchito mawebusayiti a chubu ) limafotokoza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa malingaliro ogonana osasinthika (kugwiririra, fetishism, kugonana ndi ana). Chidule cha gawo lokambirana chikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kungakhale chifukwa chake:

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chomwe anthu osakwana zaka 30 amavomereza malingaliro ogonana olakwika kuposa omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 30 chikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa amuna achinyamata omwe amaonera zolaula. Ofufuza adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwawonjezeka kuyambira m'ma 1970, kukwera kuchoka pa 45% kufika pa 61%, ndipo kusintha kwa nthawi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kwa magulu achikulire omwe amaonera zolaula kumachepa (Price, Patterson, Regnerus, & Walley, 2016). Kuphatikiza apo, mu kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakati pa achinyamata 4339 aku Sweden, anthu osakwana gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse adanena kuti akuwona zolaula zogonana zosayenera zachiwawa, nyama ndi ana (Svedin, Åkerman, & Priebe, 2011).

Ngakhale kuwonetsa zolaula ndikugwiritsa ntchito sikunayesedwe kafukufukuyu, omwe sanakwanitse zaka 30 mu zitsanzo zathu atha kukhala akuwona zolaula zambiri, komanso mitundu yonyansa yazithunzi, kuposa omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 51 monga zolaula pakukula kukhala ovomerezeka pagulu (Carroll et al., 2008).

POPHUNZIRA LIWIRI: Njira zoyeserera zomwe zimayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukonza kwa zolaula za ana pa intaneti (2020) - Kafukufuku watsopano ati ambiri% ya ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za ana (CP) alibe chidwi ndi ana. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zowonera zolaula za achikulire, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi mtundu watsopano wamtundu watsopano, pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pambuyo pake adafunafuna zoonjezera zowonjezera, mitundu, kenako ndikukula mu CP. Ofufuzawo anena zokhudzana ndi zolaula za pa intaneti (zatsopano zomwe sizimapezeka kudzera pa ma chubu a chubu) monga gawo lomwe lingathandize kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kukondweretsedwa ndi zomwe zili zolakwika kwambiri, monga CP. Mapepala oyenerera:

Mtundu wa intaneti umalimbikitsa osagwirizana ndi anzawo kuti pomaliza azikula:

Apa tikambirana za zomwe amuna amadziwika kuti ali ndi chidwi chofuna kuyambitsa ndi kukonza kuwonera CP pa intaneti. Timayang'ana makamaka pazokonda zogonana zapaintaneti chifukwa chazomwe zidanenedwa kale kuti intaneti imatha kuyambitsa zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa izi (Quayle, Vaughan, & Taylor, 2006).

Kukweza monga njira yakugwiritsira ntchito CP:

Ambiri mwa omwe adachita nawo zachiwerewere adanena kuti amakonda kugonana zolaula zomwe amaziwona kuti ndizopanda tanthauzo kapena zomwe amaganiza kuti ndizogonana kapena chikhalidwe chawo. Mwachitsanzo, Mike adanena kuti akusaka "china chachilendo kwenikweni, bola sichikhala… zinthu zopangika." Ophunzira nthawi zambiri amayamba kuwonera zolaula za pa intaneti kumapeto kwa mawonekedwe awonongekedwe (monga.

Monga tawonera Chithunzi 1, kufunikira kuti tipeze zolaula zosawoneka bwino kumathandizanso kuti ogwiritsira ntchito CP awonerere. Monga Jamie amafotokozera, "Ndimayang'ana zinthu za BDSM, kenako ndimayamba kuchita zinthu zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri ndi zinthu zina zovuta, kenako ndimangomva, ndikukugonjera. Nditenga? ”. Nkhani yoti CP ndiosaloledwa idachulukitsa anthu omwe adachita nawo chidwi, monga Ben yemwe adafotokozera, "Ndinkamva ngati zomwe ndimachita ndizosaloledwa, ndipo zimandipatsa mwayi wambiri", ndipo Travis, yemwe anati, "Nthawi zina zinkamveka bwino kuti uzichita zinthu zomwe suyenera kuchita. ”

Hyperfocused kugonana kosangalatsa

Akakhala mkhalidwe wokondweretsedwa motere, otenga nawo mbali zimawavuta kufotokoza zifukwa zowonera nthawi zambiri kenako ndikuwonera zolaula. Kupeza kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi kafukufuku wapitawu kuti "ma visceral" omwe ali ndi zokometsera zololera anthu amalola anthu kuti azinyalanyaza zinthu zomwe zingalepheretse machitidwe ena ogonana (Loewenstein, 1996). …. Omwe atatenga nawo mbali atapezekanso mkhalidwe wokondweretsedwa, adanenanso kuti CP yomwe amawonera idasinthika ndikuzemba, zomwe zimanenedwanso ndi Quayle ndi Taylor (2002).

Kuyang'ana zachabe

Ophunzira adalongosola kuti m'mene angawonekere zolaula za pa intaneti zikuchulukirachulukira, amapezeka kuti alibe chidwi ndi mitundu ya zolaula (mwalamulo) zomwe amakonda. Zotsatira zake, ophunzira adayamba kukhumba komanso kufunafuna zokopa zokhudzana ndi mitu yatsopano yokhudzana ndi kugonana. Intaneti idawoneka kuti ikuthandizira otenga nawo mbali kusungulumwa komanso chikhumbo cha zatsopano zakugonana, popeza kuchuluka kwa intaneti kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa zolaula zosatha, chilichonse kapena zonse zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa kuposa zomwe zidali pano kuwonera. Pofotokoza njirayi, Yohane adafotokoza:

Zinayamba ndi amuna akulu akulu okhala ndi azimayi amtundu wa chinthu, ndipo ndichopepuka, ndiye kuti mwina mungayang'ane zinthu zazachikazi kwakanthawi, ndikuyamba kuzimiririka, kenako mumayamba kufufuza.

Kutsika (kufukiza) komwe kumatsogolera pakukula:

Poyesa kupeza zinthu zatsopano komanso zosangalatsa zogonana, ophunzirawo anayamba kufufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolaula zokhudzana ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana ogonana, okondedwa, maudindo, ndi machitidwe kuposa momwe ankaganizira kale. Izi zitha kuwonetsa kukulirakulira pang'ono kwa malire amakhalidwe abwino kapena alamulo omwe munthu (mwadala kapena mosadziwa) amadzipangira okha pankhani ya mitundu ya zolaula zomwe amaona kuti 'ndizovomerezeka'. Monga momwe Mike adafotokozera, " Mumangopitirira kudutsa malire ndikudutsa malire - [mumadziuza] kuti 'simudzachita zimenezo', koma kenako mumachita zimenezo. "

Kukula komwe Mike ndi ena omwe atenga nawo mbali akufotokozera kukukhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi malo okhala, popeza ambiri omwe atenga nawo mbali adanenanso kuti pamapeto pake amafunikira njira zolaula kapena zolaula kwambiri kuti akwaniritse chisangalalo chofananacho. Monga Justin amafotokozera, "Ndinaona kuti nditsika ndikangotsikira pansi pomwepo, zimayenera kukhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kukuthandizani." Ambiri mwa omwe tatenga nawo kafukufukuyu akuti awonerera zolaula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana asanafufuze CP, zomwe zikufanana ndi kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu wosonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zolakwika za CP atha kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zalamulo ndikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kuonera zolaula, mwina chifukwa cha kuchuluka kuwonetsedwa komanso kusowa mtendere (Ray et al., 2014).

Zochita zimabweretsa ku CP:

Monga momwe chithunzi 1 chikusonyezera, ophunzirawo nthawi zambiri ankayendayenda kangapo asanasunge changu cha CP mwachangu. Atazindikira zolaula zatsopano komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri, otenga nawo mbali amatha kwa nthawi yayitali akufufuza, kuwonera, ndi kusungitsa zokonda zamtunduwu, "kuwumwa" kuyang'ana zinthuzi. Ophunzira adafotokozera kuti chifukwa chakuwonetsedwa kotere, adafika pamenepa pomwe izi Mitundu ya zolaula sizinapatsenso chilimbikitso pakugonana, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ayambenso kusaka zatsopano za kugonana:

Ndikuganiza poyamba, ndinatopa. Monga, ndimapeza mutu womwe ndimawafuna ... ndipo mosavuta ndimakhala, sindikudziwa, nditha kugwiritsa ntchito mutuwo - sindikufuna, ndawonapo zambiri - ndipo ndiye ndimatha kupitilira zina. (Jamie)

Ndinayamba kuyang'ana zithunzi za akazi achichepere [achikulire] pomwe ndimayang'ana zolaula pa intaneti, kenako ndimangoyang'ana atsikana ang'ono ndi ang'ono, kenako ana. (Ben)

Zotsatira zam'nyumba zimakhala zokhazikika m'malo ena a psychology ndipo adakambirana kale zokhudzana ndikuwona zolaula. Elliott ndi Beech amafotokoza njirayi ngati, "... kuchepa kwamawonekedwe ofanana kumawonekeranso mobwerezabwereza - pomwe, pakuwona zachiwerewere, olakwira amafunafuna nthano, zithunzi zowonjezera pakapita nthawi kuti adyetse kusangalala kwawo," Elliott and Beech, (2009, p. 187).

Monga mitundu ina ya zolaula, kuwonetsa kwambiri za CP kumapangitsa kuti ambiri atenga nawo mbali pofotokoza za zinthuzi, kuphatikiza omwe atenga nawo mbali omwe anena za chidwi chogonana ndi ana (monga momwe ophunzira ali ndi chidwi ndi anthu achikulire omwe amakhala ndi zolaula zakale). Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti ophunzira athe kufunafuna ma CP omwe akukhudzana ndi achinyamata ovutikirapo komanso / kapena zithunzi zowoneka bwino zogonana poyesa kuwonetsa zomwe anali nazo zomwe anali nazo poyambirapo pakuwona izi. Monga Justin amafotokozera, "Muyesa kuyang'ana china chake chomwe chingakupatseni, kapena kumverera kwina, ndipo poyamba, sichinatero. Ukamakula, zinali zochepa. ”

Ena mwa ophunzirawo adafika pomwe adayamba kufunafuna CP yokhudza ana omwe m'mbuyomu akadali aang'ono kwambiri kuti asadzuke. Travis adatinso, "Popita nthawi, mitunduyi idakhala yaying'ono ... m'mbuyomu, sindingaganizire chilichonse zisanafike zaka 16." Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuti, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya zolaula, omwe atenga nawo mbali adanenanso kuti apitiliza kuonerera CP ngakhale kuti kukomoka kwawo kwazinthu izi kumatha. Izi zimadzetsa mafunso okhudzana ndi zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala motere.

Zokhudza kugonana:

Ophunzira angapo omwe sananene kuti anali ndi chidwi chogonana asanabadwe ana asanaonere CP ankakhulupirira kuti kukhudzana ndi zinthuzi nthawi zambiri 'kumawalimbikitsa' kuti azikonda ana.

Pafupifupi pafupifupi onse omwe sananene kuti akufuna kuchita nawo zachiwerewere, ndizotheka kuti izi zidapangitsa ophunzirawo kuti azikhala ndi chidwi ndi CP, mmalo mwa ana iwowo (komanso powonjezera kuchitira ana nkhanza). Ophunzira adafotokozera momwe amawonera izi:

Zili ngati ... mukakhala ndi gin yanu yoyamba, kapena chilichonse. Mukuganiza, 'izi ndizowopsa', koma mumangopita ndipo pambuyo pake mumayamba kukonda gin. (Yohane).

Zozungulira zomwe zinali muubongo wanga zomwe zinali zokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kumabwera, magawo omwe anali kuwombera pomwe ndimayang'ana zithunzi za ana ... zaka zochita zomwe mwina zidapangitsa zinthu mu ubongo wanga kusintha. (Ben)

Pamene chidwi chawo ku CP chikukulira, owonera omwe anali atawona zolaula za akulu ndi ana adanenanso kuti zimawavuta kukakamizidwa ndi akuluakulu omwe amagonana.

Pamaso pa nkhope, njira yodziwikirayi imatha kuwoneka ngati yosemphana ndi zomwe zimachitika kale. Komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kwa anthu omwe alibe chidwi chogonana ndi ana, momwe zimakhalira zikuwoneka ngati zimayamba pakati pa nthawi yomwe akuwona CP ndi zomwe ophunzira akutenga nawo gawo pazinthuzi.

Kukakamiza kwawo kwa ife kumawoneka ngati osokoneza bongo njira zingapo:

Mwinanso mwapeza chimodzi chosangalatsa chokhudzana ndi omwe ophunzira atchulidwa kuti sangathe kupita patsogolo kuchokera pa CP atangokhala kumeneku ndikuchepetsa kuyankha kwazinthuzi. Kusazindikira kotereku pakuchoka mu mchitidwewu kunapangitsa kuti ena mwa omwe adawagwiritsa ntchito awone kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwa CP ngati 'kukakamiza' kapena 'kungosokoneza'. Monga Travis anafotokozera:

Sindikudziwa ngati pali chinthu chonga chizolowezi… pamene umachita chinthu chomwe sukufuna kuchita, koma nthawi zonse ndimadzipeza ndikungoyang'ana mawebusayiti awa mobwerezabwereza… ndimakhala ndikudzuka usiku kwambiri ndikuchita izi, chifukwa ndimayenera kubwerera kukayang'ana.

Tiyenera kudziwa, komabe, kuti palibe aliyense mwa omwe atenga nawo mbali omwe adalongosola za njira zozikakamiza zenizeni kapena wanena chilichonse chakuchoka atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito CP, ndikuwuza kuti izi sizowonjezera pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa dzinalo….

Kusaka zatsopano, chifukwa cha malo okhala, kunali kosangalatsa koposa kuwonera CP.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zikuwonetsa kukakamizidwa kumeneku zikuwoneka pakupeza kuti pafupifupi onse omwe sanatenge nawo chidwi, makamaka pamalingaliro omwe anali ndi chidwi chakuwonera CP, adanenanso kuti machitidwe omwe amafufuza pa intaneti kuti awonetsetse zokhudzana ndi kugonana pambuyo pake amapitilira kusangalala ndikuwona zinthuzi. Kutsatira njira zathu zotsogola, tikupangira mwayi woti ophunzira ayambe kusankha kusaka kwa CP chifukwa chakuwonera chifukwa pofika nthawi yomwe ophunzira atafika pa nthawi yofunafuna CP - motsutsana kuti ndi zolaula kwambiri - anali nazo adapitilira (ndipo amakhala) mitundu yambiri ya zolaula ndipo sakanalankhulanso ndi mitu kapena zochitika zomwe sizingakhale zoyenera kapena zopangitsa kuti agwirizane ndi kugonana komwe akufuna.

Zotsatira zake, tikuwonetsa kuti chisangalalo ndi chiyembekezo zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha kupeza zolaula komanso zolaula zomwe zimawonetsa chidwi kwambiri zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa momwe zimamvekera pakuwona zinthuzi. Izi zikuyembekezeka kulimbikitsa chikhumbo cha ochita nawo chidwi chofunafuna CP (ngakhale momwe zidalili kale), komanso kulephera kupeza zolaula zomwe zitha kuchititsa kuti ophunzira atengepo mbali pazakuchita. Monga Dave anafotokozera:

Ndinkayenera kusintha, monga kuchokera pa [chithunzi/kanema] chimodzi kupita ku china, chifukwa ndikangoyamba kuonera chimodzi, ndinkatopa ndipo ndinkayenera kupita ku china. Ndipo ndi momwe zinalili. Ndipo zinanditengera moyo wanga wonse.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI ANAI NDI ANAI: Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti - Udindo wofunikira wa insula ( Anton & Brand , 2020) - Olembawo akunena kuti zotsatira zawo zikusonyeza kulekerera, chizindikiro cha njira yoledzera. Zigawo zofunikira:

Kafukufuku wathu wapano akuyenera kuwonedwa ngati njira yoyamba yolimbikitsira kufufuzaku mtsogolo pokhudzana ndi mayanjano omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonda, kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta pa IP, kusintha kwa kusintha, komanso kudziletsa.

Mogwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu (monga Antons & Brand, 2018 ; Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016 ; Gola et al., 2017 ; Laier et al., 2013 ), tapeza mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa chilakolako cha munthu payekha ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za kugwiritsa ntchito IP movutikira m'mikhalidwe yonse iwiri . Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa chilakolako monga muyeso wa cue-reactivity sikunagwirizane ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za kugwiritsa ntchito IP movutikira, izi zitha kukhudzana ndi kulolerana (onani Wéry & Billieux, 2017 ) popeza zithunzi zolaula zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu sizinapangidwe payekhapayekha malinga ndi zomwe munthu amakonda. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zodziwika bwino zolaula zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito sizingakhale zolimba mokwanira kuti zipangitse cue-reactivity mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuopsa kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi zotsatira zochepa pa machitidwe osafulumira, owunikira, komanso ozindikira komanso luso loletsa kuletsa.

Zotsatira za kuleza mtima ndi zinthu zolimbikitsa zingathandize kufotokoza momwe anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri amagwirira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusiyana kwa njira yolumikizirana ndi yowunikira. Kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito IP mwina kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyanjana pakati pa njira zolumikizirana, zowunikira, ndi zowunikirana.

Kuphatikizidwa, chikhazikitso monga gawo lalikulu lomwe likuyimira njira yolankhulirana imatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuletsa zinthu zolaula ngati zithunzi zolaula zilipo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lakugwiritsa ntchito IP moyenera adachita bwino ntchitoyi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito polongedza chithunzithunzi ndikuwonjezera ntchito yake pakuwongolera.

Izi zitha kuchitidwa chifukwa cha kulolera, ndiye kuti, kuchepa mphamvu kwa dongosolo lomwe limayendetsa zinthu kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zomwe sizikuwongolera bwino komanso zowunikira. Chifukwa chake, kusunthika kuchoka pakukakamizidwa kupita kumakhalidwe olimbikira chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta za IP kapena chifukwa chothandizira kupewa (zokhudzana ndi kupewa) kungakhale koyenera, kotero kuti zinthu zonse zimangoyang'ana pa ntchitoyi ndikupatuka pazithunzi zolaula. Phunziroli limathandizira kumvetsetsa bwino kwa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa IP komwe mwina sikuti kumachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana pakati pamagetsi apawiri koma komanso kulumikizana pakati pamagetsi.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI 50: Kufufuza Zomwe Zachitika Pamoyo wa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mavuto a Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti: Kafukufuku Wodziwika Bwino (2020)

Mitengo yaying'ono yokhudzana ndi kukwera ndi malo:

Ophunzirawo adanena kuti akumva zizindikiro zodzimva kuti ndi "woledzera" ndi IP. Chilankhulo cha kudalira, mwachitsanzo, "zilakolako," "kutengeka," ndi "chizolowezi," chinagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ophunzirawo adanenanso zizindikiro ndi zochitika zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mavuto osokoneza bongo monga; kulephera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito IP, kugwiritsa ntchito IP kwambiri pakapita nthawi kapena kufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoopsa ya IP kuti mupeze zotsatira zomwezo, kugwiritsa ntchito IP ngati njira yothetsera kusasangalala kapena kupeza chisangalalo kapena "kukwera," ndikupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito IP ngakhale zotsatira zoyipa komanso zotsatira za moyo. Mitu yaying'ono yotsatirayi ikuwonetsa zochitika izi.

Escalation nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati akuwononga nthawi yambiri pa IP kapena akuwona kuti ndikofunikira kuti awone zomwe zili zowonjezereka kuti akwaniritse zomwezo "kutalika" pakapita nthawi, monga momwe wolemba nawoyo adanenera, "Poyamba, ndinkaonera zolaula zochepa, komanso zaka. podutsa, ndinayamba kuyang'ana zolaula komanso kuchita zanyansi kwambiri. ”

Kukula kumeneku

Kukweza nthawi zambiri kumanenedwa kukhala kukhala kuthera nthawi yambiri pa IP kapena kupeza kuti ndikofunikira kuti muwone zomwe zili zowonjezereka kuti akwaniritse "kukwera" nthawi yayitali

Kuchulukitsa kwa zolaula kunalumikizidwanso ndi kusokonekera kwa erectile mwa ena mwa omwe atenga nawo mbali, popeza adapeza kuti patapita nthawi, palibe kuchuluka kapena mtundu wa zolaula zomwe zidawapangitsa kuti akhale ndi erection, monga tafotokozera pamutu wotsatira.

Zizindikiro monga vuto la kusowa mphamvu ya kugonana - zomwe zimaonedwa ngati kulephera kupeza mphamvu ya kugonana popanda zolaula kapena ndi mnzanu weniweni - nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa : "Sindingathe kupeza mphamvu ya kugonana ndi akazi omwe ndimawakonda. Ndipo ngakhale nditatero, sizinatenge nthawi yayitali." Zizindikiro izi nthawi zambiri zimadandaula ndi ophunzira, ndipo mmodzi mwa ophunzirawo adati, "Zandiletsa kugonana! Nthawi zambiri! Chifukwa sindingathe kukhala chilili. Ndanena zokwanira."

Ophunzirawo adanena kuti adatha nthawi yayitali akuonera IP ndipo motero amanyalanyaza mbali zina m'moyo, kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe amathera akuchita ubale ndi ena, zolinga zachitukuko, zolinga zantchito, kapena zochita zina , "Kwambiri, zimanditengera nthawi," adatero wophunzira wina. "Kuonera zolaula kumandichotsera nthawi yophunzira, nthawi yogwira ntchito, nthawi ndi abwenzi, nthawi yopuma, ndi zina zotero." Wophunzira wina adati nthawi yomwe amathera poonera IP inali ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa ntchito yake; "Kenako pali nthawi yomwe ndakhala ndikuonera zolaula pa intaneti m'malo mochita chinthu cholimbikitsa." Zotsatira za nthawi yotayika n'zovuta kuziyeza, monga momwe wophunzirayo adanenera, "Ndataya nthawi zomwe ndimaonera zolaula ndipo ndimayenera kuchita china chomwe chinali chofunikira kwambiri."

PHUNZIRO LACHISANU NDI CHIMODZI: 'Kupeza chinthu chomwe sichingatheke kupezeka': kuyanjanitsa kwa owonera zolaula pakati pa zokumbukira zoyambirira za zolaula ndi chiopsezo chomwe chikuwoneka kuti ndi choopsa cha zolaula (2020) - Makamaka kafukufuku wofunsa mafunso. Zigawo zingapo zoyenera zomwe zikufotokoza za kukwera, kukhazikika ndi chizolowezi:

Izi ndizowonjezera zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta ku lingaliro loti zithunzi zolaula zimakhudzidwa ndi ena, monga zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti pali ena omwe zotsatira za zolaula adadzilemba:

Panopa ndimasokonezeka kwambiri komwe ndimakhala ndi zolaula. Mpaka pafupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo, sindikadaganizira za zoyipa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zidanditsogolera kuti ndisiyane ndi chibwenzi changa cha zaka zinayi, ndidawona katswiri wazamalamulo wokonda zolaula pofuna kuyesetsa kuti banja lathu lizigwirizana koma izi sizikuwoneka kuti zikuthandiza…. [Kafukufuku wotsatira 194, Q2].

Atolankhani andikhudza pang'ono pankhaniyi ndipo nthawi zina ndimamva ngati ndimakonda zolaula zambiri. Ndimamvanso ngati zimandipangitsa kuti ndisamamve bwino za zomwe ndimakumana nazo pa moyo wanga weniweni. Zomwe ndimakumana nazo pa moyo wanga weniweni zimakhala bwino ndikasiya zolaula. Ndimadanso nkhawa kuti mtundu wa zolaula zomwe ndimaonera umakhudza chilakolako changa chofuna kugonana ndi vanila. [Yankho la kafukufuku 186, Q2].

Mwachitsanzo, kuyankhulana kotsatira ndi bambo yemwe adafunsa ngati ali ndi vuto la zolaula, chifukwa chokhala nthawi yambiri akuonera izi, akuwonetsa kukana lingaliro loti malingaliro osokoneza bongo ali ndi vuto la kufalikira osachepera:

C: Mukudziwa, sindikuganiza kuti pali zachilendo zokhudzana ndi momwe ndimakhalira chifukwa ndikuganiza kuti nditha kumvana ndi anthu onse amsinkhu wanga ndipo anyamata omwe ndidakula nawo mukupita mutayang'ana zithunzi zofewa za nudie -

Wofunsa: Eya ngati Penthouse ndi -

C: Inde, ngakhale zochepa kuposa pamenepo kenako zimangokwera ndi kukwera. Mumapita kuchokera ku Playboy kupita ku Penthouse kupita ku uurgh sindikudziwa, kenako zimasanduka mavidiyo umm, ndipo zikukula ndi kukwera.

Wofunsa: Mmm koma pali mfundo yoti uyime ngakhale kulibe? Chifukwa -

C: Ah, chabwino chimenecho chinali chisankho changa, chifukwa ndimangoganiza kuti 'urgh that is kutosha for me

Wofunsa Mafunso: Ndipo - pali nkhawa yoti anthu ena sangathe kupanga izi -

C: Ine - chabwino ndikuganiza kuti mfundo yakuti pali zinthu zambiri zomangika ndi nkhanza pamasamba awa - ikusonyeza kuti pali msika. Ine sindikuganiza - ndikuganiza kuti anthu amenewo anayamba ngati ine kungoyang'ana zithunzi za atsikana amaliseche ndipo anachoka pamenepo.

Wofunsa mafunso: Inde, kenako nthawi ina munatha -

C: Mu hardcore yeniyeni.

Pano 'kusankha' kwa C kuyimitsa kusintha komwe kukuchokera mwamphamvu komanso mwamphamvu kumayerekezeredwa ndi omwe angakhale atayamba ndikuwona zolaula zomwe anali nazo, koma adatha ku 'hard hard'. Zovuta zoterezi zidadziwika bwino pokhudzana ndi momwe intaneti yasinthira zomwe zili zolaula, komanso momwe zomwe achinyamata achita zingasiyanane ndi zomwe wokamba….

Pano, E amafotokoza zomwe adakumana nazo asanakhale ndi zolaula kudzera mu mzere wodziwika wazogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (mwachitsanzo, abambo a mnzake), akunena kuti kuwonetsa koyambirira kumeneku kunapangitsa zinthu kukhala 'zosavuta kwambiri' akamakula. Komabe, pambuyo pake pazofunsidwa, E akuwonetsanso kuti kuwonetsa zolaula zamtunduwu kumatha kukhala koopsa kwa achinyamata 'ena':

Wofunsa: Kapena monga zachiwawa kapena monga -

E: Inde, chabwino, ndi chinthu chomwecho. Monga mukudziwa kuti chiwawa ndi cholakwika uli mwana mukaona - mukudziwa, 'Musamumenye Ji - Johnny 'chifukwa sanakupatseni donut', mukudziwa, mukudziwa kuti ndi cholakwika. Chifukwa chake, zili ngati khalidwe lotere - muyenera kukhala nalo koma gawo lovuta ndilakuti achinyamata, asanakhale ndi ubongo wozindikira asanafike zaka 23, 24, nthawi zambiri amavutika kusiyanitsa khalidwe lovomerezeka ndi khalidwe losavomerezeka komanso zotsatira zake pa khalidwe lawo. Chifukwa chake, angaganize kuti ndibwino kuti anyamata atatu atenge mtsikana wina ndikumugunda kumbuyo kwa galimoto chifukwa ndicho chomwe adawona pa kanema mukudziwa, monga pa intaneti, ndipo angaganize choncho koma sanamvetse tanthauzo la zomwe adachitira mtsikanayo ndi zina zotero.

Wofunsa: Chifukwa chake mwazomwe mudakumana nazo ngakhale mudakhala ngati 13 mudati muwona ngati zibwenzi zingapo, tinene. Ndiye - koma kodi mudayamba mwayesedwapo, mukudziwa, monga momwe mudanenera, monga mukudziwa, pangani abwenzi ena ndipo -

E: O, ndipo tsatirani - ayi.

Wofunsa Mafunso: Kapena, ndikutanthauza, monga mwa kutengera kwa zomwe mudawona mu zolaula?

E: Ayi. Ine ndimangoganiza kuti, chabwino, izo zikhale zabwino kwambiri mukudziwa. [Amaseka]

Wofunsa mafunso: Eya. Koma simunakhale ngati, mukudziwa, 'Bwerani anyamata' -

E: Eya. Ayi.

Wofunsa: Ayi. [Kuseka]

E: Ayi, ndipo ine - ndikuganiza kuti - ndipo - ine - ndi - zili monga ndidanenera kale, ndikutanthauza, ndikuganiza kuti anthu um - khalidwe la anthu, zimatengera nzeru zawo, mukudziwa, komanso momwe amachitiridwira. Ngati muli ndi mtundu wolakwika wa kulera ndiye kuti mungachite zomwezo, munganene kuti, 'Bwerani anyamata, tiyeni titenge mwana uyu', mukudziwa. Mukudziwa, blah blah blah chifukwa simungathe kugwirizana ndi china chilichonse kupatula - the - nthawi yaying'ono imeneyo, mukudziwa. Ndipo anthu ena sakula.

Chifukwa chake, vuto la zolaula ndi kusintha kwa njira yolankhulirana pakapita nthawi komanso kuthekera kwa achinyamata kumvetsetsa njira yatsopanoyi. Poyamba, E akunena kuti zolaula zomwe zili mumagazini zinali zothandiza pakukula kwake pakugonana, asananene kuti kuwonetsedwa ndi zolaula zofanana - makamaka zochitika zogonana pagulu - kungapangitse anyamata achinyamata 'kutenga mtsikana wina ndikumugunda kumbuyo kwa galimoto '.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MAKUMI AWIRI: Ochita Zolakwira Zachiwerewere Pa Intaneti: Mitundu, Kuwunika, Chithandizo, ndi Kupewa (2020) - Chidule chikuwoneka kuti chikunena kuti anthu osachita zachiwerewere amakula kukhala zolaula za ana:

Kuti tiunikire za amuna omwe amachita zachiwerewere pa intaneti, mutuwu ukuphatikiza kafukufuku wa gulu laling'ono la olakwira ana, poyang'ana kwambiri mitundu, kuwunika, nkhani zothandizira, ndi njira zopewera olakwira pa intaneti. Uwunikanso mitundu yomwe ikuperekedwa pamagulu atatu akuluakulu a olakwira ana - ogula zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito ana pogonana (CSEM), oimira ana pa nkhani zachiwerewere, ndi olakwira anthu pogonana - pozindikira kuti ngakhale mitunduyi imapereka chidule chothandiza cha zomwe zapezeka pa kafukufuku, olakwira aliyense payekhapayekha amatha kuwonetsa zinthu zamitundu yoposa imodzi kapena angasinthe kuchokera ku zolinga ndi machitidwe ena kupita ku ena. Kwa amuna ena, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovomerezeka kumayamba kugwiritsa ntchito CSEM. Komabe, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kufufuza mawebusayiti a zolaula zovomerezeka nthawi zina kumabweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito CSEM. Mapulogalamu ambiri olowererapo a olakwira pa intaneti amayimira kusintha kwa mapulogalamu omwe alipo a olakwira anthu pogonana, ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yonse ya chithandizocho ndi zina mwazinthu zinazake.

ZOPHUNZIRA Zisanu ndi zitatu: Njira yama psychometric pakuwunika kwamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti komanso malo ochezera a pa intaneti malinga ndi malingaliro a intaneti omwe asokonezeka (2020) - Sndikulimbikitsa kuwunikira koyerekeza kwa Masewera osokoneza bongo kuti mugwiritse ntchito mafunso olaula. Peresenti yayikulu omvera adavomereza njira zingapo zosokoneza bongo, kuphatikiza kulolerana ndi kuchuluka: 161 mwa maphunziro 700 adakumana ndi kulekerera - kufuna zolaula zambiri kapena "zosangalatsa zambiri" kuti akwaniritse zomwezo.

ZOPHUNZIRA ZIWIRI: Male a psychogenic kugonana kukazunzika: gawo lodziseweretsa maliseche (2003) - Kafukufuku wakale wakale wa amuna omwe amatchedwa 'psychogenic' mavuto azakugonana (ED, DE, osatha kudzutsidwa ndi abwenzi enieni). Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi yakale kwambiri kuposa 2003, zoyankhulana zidawulula kulolerana ndi kukwera kokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa "erotica":

Ophunzirawo anayamba kukayikira ngati pangakhale kugwirizana pakati pa maliseche ndi mavuto omwe anali kukumana nawo. Jim akudabwa ngati kudalira maliseche ndi chilakolako cha kugonana kwa zaka ziwiri za kusakwatira asanayambe vuto lake kwathandizira pa chifukwa chake:

J :. . . Nthawi yayitali zaka ziwiri zomwe ndimakhala ndikuchita zolaula pomwe sindimakhala pachibwenzi nthawi zonse, umm ndipo mwina panali zithunzi zambiri pawailesi yakanema, kotero sikunali kofunika kuti mugule magazini - kapena - ingopezekanso.

Zowonjezera zowonjezera:

Ngakhale kuti chilimbikitso chingachokere ku zomwe adakumana nazo, ambiri mwa omwe adatenga nawo mbali adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zooneka kapena zolemba kuti awonjezere malingaliro awo ndikuwonjezera chilakolako. Jim, yemwe 'sadziwa bwino kuwonetsa malingaliro', akufotokoza momwe chilakolako chake chimakulitsidwira ndi zolaula panthawi yodziseweretsa maliseche:

J: Ndikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri pamakhala nthawi zomwe ndimadzilimbikitsa pamakhala thandizo linalake; kuonera pulogalamu ya pa TV, kuwerenga magazini, zina zotero.

B: Nthawi zina chisangalalo chokhala ndi anthu ena chimakhala chokwanira, koma pakapita zaka mumafunika buku, kapena kuonera filimu, kapena muli ndi magazini onyansa amenewo, kotero mumatseka maso anu ndi kulakalaka zinthu izi.

Zambiri zowonjezera:

Gillan (1977) wazindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula poyambitsa chilakolako chogonana kwawonetsedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa ophunzirawa kunali kokha pa maliseche. Jim amadziwa za chilakolako chogonana kwambiri panthawi yogonana poyerekeza ndi kugonana ndi wokondedwa wake.

Pa nthawi yogonana ndi wokondedwa wake, Jim amalephera kupeza chilakolako chokwanira cha kugonana kuti ayambe kugonana, panthawi yogonana, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawonjezera chilakolako cha kugonana ndipo zimatheka . Zongopeka ndi zolaula zimawonjezera chilakolako cha kugonana ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito momasuka panthawi yogonana koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kunali koletsedwa panthawi yogonana ndi wokondedwa.

Pepala limapitiriza:

Anthu ambiri omwe adatenga nawo mbali 'sakanatha kuganiza' zodziseweretsa maliseche popanda kugwiritsa ntchito maloto kapena zolaula, ndipo ambiri adazindikira kufunika kowonjezera pang'onopang'ono maloto (Slosarz, 1992) pofuna kusunga chilakolako cha kugonana ndikuletsa 'kutopa'. Jack akufotokoza momwe adasiya kukhudzidwa ndi maloto ake:

J: Posachedwapa m'zaka zisanu, khumi zapitazi, ine, ine, ndikanavutika kuti ndilimbikitsidwe mokwanira ndi malingaliro aliwonse omwe ndikanapanga ndekha.

Kutengera ndi zolaula, maloto a Jack akhala otchuka kwambiri; zochitika zokhudzana ndi akazi omwe ali ndi 'thupi lamtundu' m'njira zinazake zolimbikitsa. Zoona zake za Jack ndi mabwenzi ake ndi zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe adalenga potengera malingaliro a zolaula (Slosarz, 1992); mnzanu weniweni sangakhale wokonzeka mokwanira kukopa chilakolako.

Paulo akuyerekeza kufalikira kwa malingaliro ake pang'onopang'ono ndi kufunikira kwake kukhala ndi chilakolako champhamvu cha kugonana kuti apereke yankho lomwelo :

P: Umatopa, zili ngati mafilimu abuluu; uyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zolimba nthawi zonse, kuti udzisangalatse.

Pakusintha zomwe zinali m'mawu, malingaliro amakono a Paulo amakhalabe ndi malingaliro olakwika; ngakhale amaliseche kangapo patsiku, akufotokoza:

P: Simungapitirize kuchita zomwezo, mumatopa ndi chochitika chimodzi ndipo muyenera (kusintha) - chomwe nthawi zonse ndinali waluso pacho chifukwa ... nthawi zonse ndimakhala m'dziko la maloto.

Kuchokera pazigawo zachidule za pepalali:

Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa zomwe ophunzira adakumana nazo panthawi yakugonana komanso kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwawonetsa kupezeka kwa mayankho ogonana osagonana panthawi yogonana ndi wokondedwa, komanso mayankho ogonana panthawi yakuseweretsa maliseche. Malingaliro awiri ogwirizana adatulukira ndipo afotokozedwa mwachidule pano… Pakati pa kugonana, otenga nawo mbali amatenga mbali pazosafunikira; kusokonezedwa kwazidziwitso kumasokonekera chifukwa chakutha kuyang'ana pazinthu zolaula. Kuzindikira mozama kumawonongeka ndipo mayendedwe azakugonana amasokonezedwa chifukwa chotenga gawo logonana.

Pokhapokha pakugonana wogwira ntchito, otenga nawo mbali atsata maliseche. Kuyankha mwakugonana tsopano kwakhala kwofunikira; kuphunzira chiphunzitso sikumayerekezera zochitika zake, zimangodziwitsa momwe zinthu zingakhalire pamakhalidwewo. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsera pafupipafupi komanso njira yodziseweretsa maliseche, komanso kutha kuyang'ana pazidziwitso zoyenera (zothandizidwa ndi nthano ndi erotica panthawi ya maliseche), monga zinthu zofunika.

Kafukufukuyu wasonyeza kufunika kwa kufunsa mafunso mwatsatanetsatane m'magawo awiri akuluakulu; khalidwe ndi malingaliro. Choyamba, tsatanetsatane wa momwe maliseche amakhalira pafupipafupi, njira, ndi zolaula ndi maloto zinapereka kumvetsetsa momwe momwe munthu amayankhira pankhani yogonana zimakhalira chifukwa cha zinthu zochepa zomwe zimayambitsa; chizolowezi choterechi chikuwoneka kuti chikuwonjezera mavuto panthawi yogonana ndi mnzanu . Zimavomerezedwa kuti monga gawo la njira yawo, akatswiri nthawi zambiri amafunsa ngati munthu amachita maliseche: kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti kufunsanso momwe njira yodziseweretsa maliseche ya munthuyo yakhalira kumapereka chidziwitso choyenera.

PHUNZIRO MAKUMI MAKUMI ASAYI: Zizindikiro za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Movuta mu Chitsanzo cha Chithandizo Kuganizira ndi Kuchiza Amuna Osaganizira: Njira Yolumikizirana (2020) - Kafukufuku akufotokoza za kusiya ndi kulekerera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Ndipotu, kusiya ndi kulekerera zinali zigawo zazikulu za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika.

Chitsanzo chachikulu cha pa intaneti cha amuna 4,253 ( _{zaka za}M = zaka 38.33, SD = 12.40) chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza kapangidwe ka zizindikiro za PPU m'magulu awiri osiyana: gulu lothandizidwa ( n = 509) ndi gulu lothandizidwa lomwe silinaganizidwe ( n = 3,684).

Kapangidwe ka zizindikiro padziko lonse lapansi sikunasiyane kwambiri pakati pa chithandizo chomwe chikuganiziridwa ndi magulu omwe sanaganizidwepo. Magulu awiri a zizindikiro adapezeka m'magulu onse awiri, pomwe gulu loyamba likuphatikizapo luso, kusintha kwa malingaliro, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi ndipo gulu lachiwiri likuphatikiza mikangano, kusiya, kubwereranso, ndi kulekerera. Mu maukonde a magulu onse awiri, luso, kulekerera, kusiya, ndi mikangano zidawoneka ngati zizindikiro zazikulu, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kunali chizindikiro cha m'mphepete kwambiri . Komabe, kusintha kwa malingaliro kunali ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri mu netiweki ya gulu lochiritsira lomwe likuganiziridwa komanso malo ofunikira kwambiri mu netiweki ya gulu lochiritsira lomwe silikuganiziridwa.

NKHANI YOPHUNZIRA Zoyenera Kuchita Zazithunzi Zolaula Zoyeserera (PPCS-18) pagulu komanso zitsanzo zazing'ono ku China ndi ku Hungary (2020)

Mu ma network atatu a zitsanzo, kuchotsera kunali malo ofunikira kwambiri, pomwe kulekerera kunalinso malo ofunikira kwambiri mu network ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono. Pothandizira kuyerekezera kumeneku, kuchotsera kunali kodziwika bwino m'ma network onse (amuna aku China: 76.8%, amuna aku China osakhudzidwa ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono: 68.8%, ndi amuna aku Hungary: 64.2%).

Kuyerekeza kwa Centrality kunawonetsa kuti zisonyezo zazikuluzikulu zazachidziwitso zinali kuchotsa komanso kulolerana, koma chokhacho chokha chomwe chinali njira yayikulu pamasamba onse am'deralo.

Zogwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu (Gola & Potenza, 2016; Young et al., 2000), zovuta kwambiri zamankhwala amisala komanso zizolowezi zina zogonana zogwirizana ndi zambiri za PPCS. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kungakhale kulangiza kuganizira zolakalaka, thanzi lam'mutu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mokakamiza pakuwunika ndi kuzindikira PPU (Brand, Rumpf et al., 2020).

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyerekezera kwa centralization mu zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi za PPCS-18 kunawonetsa kuti kusiya ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'masampulu onse atatu. Malinga ndi mphamvu, kuyandikana, ndi pakati pa zotsatira za centralization pakati pa omwe adatenga nawo mbali m'chipatala, kulolerana nako kunathandizanso kwambiri, kukhala kwachiwiri pambuyo pa kusiya. Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti kusiya ndi kulolerana ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Kulekerera ndi kusiya zimaonedwa ngati zofunikira pathupi zokhudzana ndi zizolowezi (Himmelsbach, 1941). Malingaliro monga kulolerana ndi kusiya ayenera kukhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri la kafukufuku wamtsogolo mu PPU (de Alarcón et al., 2019; Fernandez & Griffiths, 2019). Griffiths (2005) adanenanso kuti zizindikiro za kulolerana ndi kusiya ziyenera kukhalapo kuti khalidwe lililonse liwoneke ngati loledzera. Kusanthula kwathu kuchirikiza lingaliro lakuti madera olekanitsa ndi kulolerana ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa PPU. Mogwirizana ndi malingaliro a Reid (Reid, 2016), umboni wa kulolerana ndi kusiya mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zogonana zokakamiza ukhoza kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pofotokoza machitidwe ogonana osagwira ntchito ngati osokoneza bongo.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI SANU NDI AWIRI: Kuzindikira Kutatu kwa Vuto la Kugonana ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Osagonana; Ndi Zifukwa Ziti Zomwe Zimasonyeza Khalidwe Lofuna Thandizo? (2020) - Kuchokera kumapeto:

Ngakhale zopinga zomwe zatchulidwa, tikuganiza kuti kafukufukuyu akuthandizira pa kafukufuku wa PH komanso kufufuza malingaliro atsopano pa khalidwe (lovuta) la hypersexual m'gulu la anthu. Tikugogomezera kuti kafukufuku wathu wasonyeza kuti "Kudzipatula" ndi "Kutaya chisangalalo", monga gawo la "Zotsatira Zoyipa", zitha kukhala zizindikiro zofunika za PH (vuto la hypersexual). Kumbali ina, "Kuchuluka kwa Orgasm", monga gawo la "Chilakolako Chogonana" (kwa akazi) kapena monga covariate (kwa amuna), sikunasonyeze mphamvu yosiyanitsa PH ndi matenda ena. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti pakukumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi hypersexual, chidwi chiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa "Kudzipatula", "Kutaya chisangalalo", ndi "Zotsatira Zina Zoyipa" za hypersexual, osati kwambiri pa kuchuluka kwa kugonana kapena "chilakolako chogonana kwambiri" [ 60 ] chifukwa makamaka ndi "Zotsatira Zoyipa" zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukumana ndi hypersexual ngati vuto.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MAKUMI ATATU: Kusinthasintha kwa Zinthu Zolaula Zomwe Zagwiritsidwa Ntchito Komanso Gawo Lalitali Kwambiri la Zithunzi Zolaula Zogwirizana ndi Kufunafuna Chithandizo ndi Zizindikiro Zovuta Zogonana (2020) - Zolemba:

Potsatira njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zanenedwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kungayambitse kulolerana. 33 , 34 , 39 Mogwirizana ndi zitsanzo za khalidwe logonana loledzera, kulolerana kungawonekere m'njira imodzi mwa ziwiri: (i) kuchuluka kwa nthawi kapena nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolaula, pofuna kukwaniritsa chilakolako chomwecho, (ii) kufunafuna ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula zolimbikitsa kwambiri, pamene munthu ayamba kutaya mtima ndikufunafuna zinthu zina zolimbikitsa. 33 , 34 , 40 Ngakhale kuti kuwonetsa koyamba kwa kulolerana kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito, chachiwiri sichikugwirizana. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi kusiyana kwa zinthu zolaula zomwe zimadyedwa, makamaka pamene kusiyana kumeneku kukukhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zachiwawa, za paraphilic kapena ngakhale zoletsedwa mwalamulo zamitundu ya zolaula (monga zithunzi zolaula kuphatikizapo ana). Komabe, ngakhale kuti pali mfundo zomwe zatchulidwa, zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta komanso/kapena khalidwe logonana lokakamiza, makhalidwe ndi kusiyana kwa zomwe zili mu zolaula zomwe zimadyedwa sizinaphunziridwe kawirikawiri.

Kukambirana

Mwambiri, zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kufunikira kokhala ndi nthawi yayitali pakuwonera zolaula komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa zolaula zomwe zapezeka pakufunafuna chithandizo, komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikilo zovuta zakugonana. Izi sizikugwira ntchito nthawi yochuluka yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kutanthauza kuti zisonyezo zomwe zatchulidwazi zimathandizira kufotokozera zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula ndikugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala ...

... Kusinthasintha kwa zithunzi zolaula zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito (zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu monga momwe anthu amaonera zithunzi zolaula zimatsutsana ndi zomwe munthu amakonda - zithunzi zokhala ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zokhala ndi chiwawa, zithunzi zogonana pagulu, zithunzi zogonana ndi ana) zidaneneratu kwambiri chisankho chofuna chithandizo ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro pakati pa ophunzirawo.

Chimodzi mwazotheka chifukwa cha izi ndikuti kusiyanasiyana ndikungogwira ntchito munthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zolaula - anthu omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo akuchita izi atha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri yazolaula, mitundu, kapena magawo. Zotsatira zathu zimatsutsa kufotokozera uku ndikuwonetsa kuti ubale pakati pa kusiyanasiyana kwa zolaula ndi zomwe zimadalira ndikofunikira ngakhale nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ikulamulidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikizana kwama bivariate pakati pa kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zolaula zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazogwiritsidwazo zinali zofooka modabwitsa. Izi zikuthandizira kusiyanasiyana kwa zisonyezo za 2 ndikufunika kuziphunzira zonsezi kuti mupeze chithunzi chabwino cha zizolowezi zolaula.

Ngakhale zotsatira zomwe zafotokozedwazo zokha sizikutanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi kulekerera kapena kusazindikira, chifukwa chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zokhala ndi makhalidwe enaake chingasonyeze kuti munthu amakonda kwambiri zolaula, zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana ndi njira zoledzeretsa zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta. 33 , 34 Kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kufufuza njira zomwe zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito kutengera mawonekedwe a zithunzi zolaula ndikutsimikizira ngati zomwe amakonda pamitundu ina ya zithunzi zolaula zimapezeka chifukwa chokumana ndi zithunzi zolaula nthawi yonse ya moyo wake kapena zimafotokozedwa bwino ndi zomwe amakonda poyamba. Nkhaniyi ikuwoneka kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri pazachipatala komanso yosangalatsa mwasayansi ndipo iyenera kukopa chidwi chambiri pa kafukufuku.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MAKUMI ANAI NDI ANAI: Zochitika za "Kuyambiranso" Zolaula: Kusanthula Kwabwino kwa Ma Journals Odziletsa pa Msonkhano Wodziletsa pa Zolaula pa Intaneti (2021 ) - Pepala labwino kwambiri limasanthula zochitika zoposa 100 zoyambiranso ndikuwonetsa zomwe anthu akukumana nazo pamisonkhano yobwezeretsa. Limatsutsana ndi mabodza ambiri okhudza ma forum obwezeretsa (monga zopanda pake kuti onse ndi achipembedzo, kapena okonda kwambiri kusunga umuna, ndi zina zotero). Pepala limafotokoza za kulekerera ndi zizindikiro zosiya kugonana mwa amuna omwe akuyesera kusiya zolaula. Zidutswa zofunikira:

Vuto limodzi lalikulu lomwe munthu amaona kuti ndi lokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula limakhudza zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kulephera kudziletsa, kuganizira kwambiri, kulakalaka, kugwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yolakwika yothanirana ndi vutoli, kusiya, kulekerera, kuvutika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kulephera kugwira ntchito, komanso kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale zotsatirapo zoyipa (monga, Bőthe et al., 2018 ; Kor et al., 2014 ).

Kuchotsa:

Kupewa zolaula kunaonedwa kuti n'kovuta makamaka chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika komanso zachilengedwe, komanso kuwonekera kwa zinthu zonga chizolowezi (monga zizindikiro zonga kusiya, chilakolako, ndi kulephera kudziletsa/kubwereranso) panthawi yodziletsa (Brand et al., 2019 ; Fernandez et al., 2020 ).

Ena mwa mamembala adanena kuti adakumana ndi vuto lalikulu panthawi yodziletsa. Ena adatanthauzira izi ngati gawo la kudziletsa . Zizindikiro zoyipa kapena zakuthupi zomwe zidatanthauzidwa kuti (zotheka) ndi "zizindikiro zodziletsa" monga kupsinjika maganizo, kusintha kwa malingaliro, nkhawa, "chifunga cha ubongo," kutopa, mutu, kusowa tulo, kusakhazikika, kusungulumwa, kukhumudwa, kukwiya, kupsinjika, komanso kuchepa kwa chilimbikitso. Mamembala ena sananene kuti vuto loipa limabwera chifukwa cha kusiya koma adafotokoza zina zomwe zingayambitse malingaliro oipa, monga zochitika zoyipa m'moyo (monga, "Ndimadzimva ndikukwiya mosavuta masiku atatu apitawa ndipo sindikudziwa ngati ndi kukhumudwa kuntchito kapena kudziletsa" [046, 30s]). Mamembala ena adaganiza kuti chifukwa kale anali kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti athetse mavuto oipa amalingaliro, malingaliro awa anali kumveka kwambiri panthawi yodziletsa (monga, " Gawo langa limadabwa ngati malingaliro awa ndi amphamvu chifukwa cha kuyambiranso " [032, zaka 28]). Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, anthu azaka zapakati pa 18-29 anali ndi mwayi waukulu wonena za zotsatirapo zoipa panthawi yodziletsa poyerekeza ndi magulu ena awiri azaka, ndipo anthu azaka 40 ndi kupitirira apo anali ndi mwayi wochepa wonena za zizindikiro "zofanana ndi za kusiya" panthawi yodziletsa poyerekeza ndi magulu ena awiri azaka. Mosasamala kanthu za komwe kumachokera malingaliro oipa awa (monga, kusiya, zochitika zoipa m'moyo, kapena kukulirakulira kwa malingaliro omwe analipo kale), zinkaoneka kuti zinali zovuta kwambiri kwa mamembala kuthana ndi zotsatirapo zoipa panthawi yodziletsa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti adzichiritse okha malingaliro oipawa.

Kulekerera/Chizolowezi :

Zotsatira zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso zinatchulidwa ndi mamembala ngati zifukwa zoyambira kudziletsa. Choyamba, kwa mamembala ambiri ( n = 73), kudziletsa kunayambitsidwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuthana ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula chomwe chinkaoneka kuti ndi choledzeretsa (monga, “ Ndili ndi zaka 43 tsopano ndipo ndimakonda zolaula. Ndikuganiza kuti nthawi yoti ndithawire ku chizolowezi choipachi yafika ” [098, zaka 43]). Nkhani za chizolowezicho zinkadziwika ndi zomwe zinkachitika chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa komanso kulephera kudziletsa (monga, “ Ndikuyesera kusiya koma n’zovuta kwambiri moti ndimamva kuti pali chinachake chomwe chimandikakamiza kuchita zolaula ” [005, zaka 18]), kufooka maganizo komanso kulekerera zotsatira za zolaula pakapita nthawi (monga, “ Sindikumvanso chilichonse ndikaonera zolaula. N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti ngakhale zolaula zakhala zosasangalatsa komanso zosalimbikitsa ” [045, zaka 34]), komanso kumva kukhumudwa komanso kufooka ( “ Ndimadana kuti ndilibe mphamvu zongosiya… Ndimadana kuti ndakhala wopanda mphamvu polimbana ndi zolaula ndipo ndikufuna kubwezeretsanso mphamvu zanga ” [087, zaka 42].

N'zosangalatsa kudziwa kuti modabwitsa, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mamembala adanena kuti m'malo mokhala ndi chilakolako chogonana chowonjezeka, adakumana ndi chilakolako chogonana chocheperachepera panthawi yodziletsa, chomwe adachitcha "flatline." "flatline" ndi mawu omwe mamembala adagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza kuchepa kwakukulu kapena kutayika kwa chilakolako cha kugonana panthawi yodziletsa (ngakhale ena amawoneka kuti ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la izi kuphatikizaponso kukhumudwa ndi kumva kusasangalala nthawi zonse: (monga, "Ndikumva ngati mwina ndili mu flatline pakadali pano chifukwa chilakolako chochita chilichonse chogonana sichikupezeka" [056, 30s]).

PHUNZITSANI Makumi asanu ndi limodzi: Matenda Atatu Omwe Amapezeka Povuta Kugonana; Kodi Ndi Njira Ziti Zomwe Zimaneneratu Khalidwe Lofunafuna Thandizo? (2020) - Kulekerera komanso kusiya zizindikilo zinali zokhudzana ndi "vuto lachiwerewere" (kugonana / zolaula), komabe chilakolako chogonana sichinali kwenikweni.

Zinthu zomwe zili ndi Zotsatirapo Zoyipa ndi Zoopsa kwambiri zinaneneratu kuti padzakhala kufunikira thandizo, ndipo Zotsatirapo Zoyipa ndizo chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri kwa akazi ndi amuna. Izi zikuphatikizapo, pakati pa zina, zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kutaya chisangalalo.

Ngakhale zopinga zomwe zatchulidwa, tikuganiza kuti kafukufukuyu akuthandizira pa kafukufuku wa PH komanso kufufuza malingaliro atsopano pa khalidwe (lovuta) la hypersexual m'gulu la anthu. Tikugogomezera kuti kafukufuku wathu wasonyeza kuti "Kudzipatula" ndi "Kutaya chisangalalo", monga gawo la "Zotsatira Zoyipa", zitha kukhala zizindikiro zofunika za PH. Kumbali ina, "Kuchuluka kwa Orgasm", monga gawo la "Chilakolako Chogonana" (kwa akazi) kapena monga covariate (kwa amuna), sikunasonyeze mphamvu yakusiyanitsa PH ndi matenda ena. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti pakukumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi hypersexual, chidwi chiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa "Kudzipatula", "Kutaya chisangalalo", ndi "Zotsatira Zina Zoyipa" za hypersexual, osati kwambiri pa kuchuluka kwa kugonana kapena "chilakolako chogonana kwambiri " [ 60 ] chifukwa makamaka ndi "Zotsatira Zoyipa" zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukumana ndi hypersexual ngati vuto. Kutengera kafukufuku wapano, tikupangira kuphatikiza zinthu zomwe zimayang'ana makhalidwe awa mu chida choyezera cha PH.

Umboni wowonjezera wololerana: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso ndikuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana kunalumikizidwa ndi kufuna thandizo ku "vuto lachiwerewere" la munthu:

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MASITA 1: Chizolowezi Chogonana Pa Intaneti: Kusanthula Kwabwino kwa Zizindikiro mwa Amuna Ofuna Chithandizo (2022)

-Kuphunzira koyenera pa 23 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe ali ndi vuto lofuna chithandizo. Anapeza umboni wa kulolerana ndi kusiya. Kuchokera paphunziro:

"Mu kafukufuku wathu, zomwe tidakumana nazo ndi zizindikirozi zinali zofala. Kulekerera kunaonekera ngati nthawi yowonjezera yoperekedwa ku ntchito yovuta, kufunitsitsa kukweza malire a zomwe zingaganizidwe kuti ndi zotetezeka, makamaka ngati kukhwima kwa zinthu zogonana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu zogonana nthawi zina zimafika pamlingo wokhala pafupi ndi zinthu zogonana. Komabe, ophunzirawo sanadzione ngati anthu ogonana ndi ...

"Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro zinaphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwamaganizo, monga mantha ndi kulephera kuyang'ana, ndi kukwiya kwakukulu / kukhumudwa, zomwe zinayamba pamene sakanatha kuonera zolaula, sakanatha kupeza chinthu choyenera chogonana, ndipo analibe chinsinsi chodziseweretsa maliseche."

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MASINTHATU NDI AWIRI: Kusiya ndi kulekerera monga momwe zimakhudzira vuto la khalidwe logonana mokakamiza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta - Kafukufuku wolembetsedwa kale kutengera chitsanzo choyimira dziko lonse ku Poland (2022)

Kusiya konse komanso kulolerana kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi zovuta za CSBD ndi PPU. Mwa mitundu ya 21 yazizindikiro zosiya kufufuzidwa, zizindikiro zomwe zimanenedwa nthawi zambiri zinali malingaliro ogonana pafupipafupi omwe anali ovuta kuyimitsa (kwa omwe ali ndi CSBD: 65.2% ndi PPU: 43.3%), kuchuluka kwa kudzutsidwa (37.9%; 29.2%), zovuta kulamulira mlingo wa chilakolako chogonana (57.6%; 31.0%), kukwiya (37.9%; 25.4%), kusintha kwamaganizo pafupipafupi (33.3%; 22.6%), ndi vuto la kugona (36.4%; 24.5%).

Mawuwo

Zosintha zokhudzana ndi kukhumudwa komanso kudzutsidwa kwachidziwitso komwe kunachitika mu kafukufuku wapano kunali kofanana ndi gulu lazizindikiro zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi vuto la kutchova njuga komanso vuto lamasewera pa intaneti mu DSM-5. Phunziroli limapereka umboni woyambira pamutu womwe sunaphunzire bwino, ndipo zomwe zapezeka zitha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakumvetsetsa etiology ndi gulu la CSBD ndi PPU. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulingalira za kufunikira kwachipatala, zofunikira zowunikira komanso tsatanetsatane wa zizindikiro zosiya ndi kulolerana monga gawo la CSBD ndi PPU, komanso zizolowezi zina zamakhalidwe, zimafuna kuyesetsa kowonjezereka.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MASINTHATU: Kodi khalidwe lovuta la kugonana liyenera kuonedwa motsatira njira yoledzera? Ndemanga yokonzedwa bwino yochokera pa mfundo za DSM-5 zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (2023)

Zindikirani: Ndemangayi ili ndi chidule cha mapepala ndi mapepala a maphunziro angapo omwe adayesa (ndipo adapeza) umboni wa kusiya ndi kulekerera.

Njira za DSM-5 zazovuta zosokoneza bongo zidapezeka kuti ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zogonana omwe ali ndi vuto, makamaka kulakalaka, kulephera kudziletsa pakugwiritsa ntchito zogonana, ndi zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi kugonana…. Maphunziro ochulukirapo akuyenera kuchitidwa [pogwiritsa ntchito] njira za DSM-5 [kuwunika] mawonekedwe omwe ali ngati chizolowezi chogonana ndizovuta m'magulu azachipatala komanso omwe siachipatala.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MASITA ANAI: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Kungayambitse Kuledzera Ndipo Kunkagwirizana ndi Miyezo ya Ma Hormone Oberekera ndi Ubwino wa Umuna: Lipoti Lochokera ku Kafukufuku wa MARHCS ku China

Kulumikizana koyambirira, kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, nthawi yochulukirapo yogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kuseweretsa maliseche pafupipafupi pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zokhudzana ndi kuledzera.
Oposa 30% adanenanso kuti amafunikira nthawi yayitali ku orgasm ku zolaula kuposa momwe amafunikira miyezi 3 yapitayo.

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MASINTHATU NDI ATANU: Kufotokozera ndi kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwathu za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kudzera m'mafotokozedwe a zomwe zachitika pamoyo wathu

Zomwe tapeza zikugwirizana ndi umboni wowonjezereka wakuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi PPU amakumana ndi kulolerana komanso kukhumudwa, zomwe zingayambitse kuchulukitsidwa kwa ntchito [umboni wa kuledzera]. [PPU ikhoza] kuyendetsedwa ndi njira zapadera, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a zolaula zapaintaneti zomwe zitha kufulumizitsa njira zamaganizidwe zokhudzana ndi kuledzera komanso kulakalaka.

Mitu yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo "kuchepa kwa chidwi kapena chisangalalo," "kufuna kukopeka kwambiri pakapita nthawi," kusuntha pafupipafupi pakati pa zokopa…

PHUNZIRO LA MAKUMI MASINTHATU NDI CHIMODZI: Kudutsa Mzere: Zinthu Zokhudzana ndi Kuwonjezeka kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula

Kuphwanya malamulo okhudza nkhanza zogonana kwa ana (CSAM) kwawonjezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa. M'malo mokhala chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa chilakolako chogonana mwa ana, izi zitha kumveka ngati njira yowonjezereka kwa zomwe zili mkati, kuyambira pagulu mpaka pa zolaula zoopsa kapena zosaloledwa. Kafukufukuyu adafufuza momwe zinthu zilili mkati mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matendawa komanso kugwirizana kwawo ndi CSAM mu kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana ndi chitsanzo cha amuna omwe si achipatala (N = 228). Ophunzirawo adanenanso kuti chidwi chawo, kuchuluka kwa kuonera, komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mkati mwa magulu akuluakulu, ovuta komanso osaloledwa. Kusanthula kwakukulu kwa zigawo kunavumbula magulu asanu osiyana a kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mkati: Kulamulira/Kuwonongeka, Kwambiri/Koopsa, Non-Traditional Niche, Normative ndi Atypical. Ngakhale zomwe zili mkati mwa zigawo zazikulu zidawonetsa kuwonera kwakukulu kwambiri komanso kwapakati, kuwonjezeka kwachibale kudawonedwa mosiyanasiyana m'magulu ovuta komanso ochepa, monga S&M, fetish, achinyamata, kugonana kwamagulu ndi zomwe zili zachiwawa.

Mndandanda wamaphunziro ofanana:

Kugonana ndi kugonana / kugonana? Tsambali likulemba zopitilira 50 maphunziro ofotokoza neuroscience (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, mahomoni). Onse amapereka chithandiziro chamachitidwe osokoneza bongo monga zomwe zapezedwa zikuwunika pazotsatira za mitsempha zomwe zimanenedwa mu maphunziro a kusokoneza bongo.
Malingaliro enieni a akatswiri okhudzana ndi zolaula / kugonana? Mndandanda uwu uli zolemba zambiri zozikidwa pa neuroscience & ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Zonse zothandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Tsamba lowonjezera ndi Kafukufuku 15 wofotokoza zizindikiro zochotsa zolaula.
Kodi munthu amadziwa bwanji? Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda woyenera kuchita zachiwerewere: "Kusokoneza Magwiridwe Ogonana. "

Kafukufuku wonena zomwe zapezeka zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula (kulekerera), malo okhala ndi zolaula, komanso zizindikiro zosiya

Introduction

Maphunziro ndi zolemba zofunikira

4.1. Mafotokozedwe Owonetsa

4.3. Yoyamba Reflex Kulingalira (SRM)

Mawuwo

Mndandanda wamaphunziro ofanana:

Maganizo 7 pa “Kafukufuku wonena zomwe zapezeka zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula (kulekerera), malo okhala ndi zolaula, komanso zizindikiro zosiya"

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