Kodi zolaula pa intaneti zimavumbula zilakolako zathu za kugonana-kapena zimawasintha?
Wolemba blog wina wa “Psychology Today”, Leon F. Seltzer, posachedwapa wamaliza kulemba nkhani zambirimbiri zokhudza intaneti komanso chilakolako cha kugonana cha anthu (zochokera mu buku la Ogi Ogas ndi Sai Gaddam lakuti A Billion Wicked Thoughts , 2011). Mu gawo lake lomaliza , adachita bwino kwambiri pofotokoza zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti.
Komabe, ndikuyembekeza kuti adzayang'ananso malingaliro ndi kusanthula kwa Ogas ndi Gaddam poganizira zoopsa za zolaula za pa intaneti za masiku ano. Makamaka, ndikuyembekeza kuti adzaganiziranso ngati A Billion Wicked Thoughts ikuperekadi zomwe akunena, zomwe ndi "chowonadi chosaphimbidwa cha zomwe timakonda komanso zomwe tikufuna."
Ndizotheka kuti buku lakuti A Billion Wicked Thoughts limapereka chinthu chosiyana kwambiri: chithunzi cha cholinga chokhudza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe amakonda zinthu zogonana mwachisawawa, ambiri mwa iwo ali ndi mphamvu ya ubongo yomwe Ogas ndi Gaddam sanaganizirepo. Njira imeneyi ndi kulolerana , njira yodziwika bwino ya ubongo pamene ikuyamba kukonda zinthu —pomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakhala wopanda chidwi ndi zosangalatsa (wosamva bwino) motero amafuna kusangalala kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, ogwiritsa ntchito ena amafufuza kanema imodzi kwa mphindi zochepa kangapo pa sabata. Kusanthula zotsatira zawo kungapereke zambiri zofunikira zokhudza zokonda zolaula pakati pa anthu. Ogwiritsa ntchito ena amatsegula ma tabu opitilira 10 pazikwangwani zingapo ndikupita ku kanema wina ndi mnzake, makamaka pofuna zatsopano chifukwa dopamine imatuluka kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano imapanga zotsatira zofanana ndi mankhwala muubongo. Mwachionekere, gululi lidzapereka mopanda malire ku ziwerengero zosakira. Kuphatikiza apo, monga momwe tiwonere posachedwa, zokonda zawo nthawi zambiri zimasinthasintha mwachangu pamene akutsatira zatsopano mwanjira iliyonse yomwe angathe. Izi zimachepetsa kufunika kwa deta yawo pofufuza zilakolako zazikulu zogonana pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito onse.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amafufuza zinthu zolaula kungakhale kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ochepa kwambiri, komabe Ogas ndi Gaddam kapena owerenga awo sakuzindikira izi. Kuyesa kwa olemba kupeza mfundo zazikulu kuchokera ku zomwe zili mu kufufuza koteroko kuli ngati kusanthula kapangidwe ka maganizo a kasitomala kutengera ngati adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kudzera mu kununkhiza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mwanjira ina, ndi anthu ofuna zinthu zatsopano omwe ali ndi mavuto akulu kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula malinga ndi ofufuza aku Germany . Izi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chizolowezi kukugwira ntchito mu ubongo wawo.
Palibe amene akudziwa kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito masiku ano chifukwa chololerana, koma zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwake ndikokwanira kuti zomwe Ogas ndi Gaddam adapeza sizimawulula zakuya, zanzeru zokhudzana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana.
Ndikuyamikira Seltzer chifukwa choyambitsa nkhani iyi. Kuyambira pomwe nkhani ya Wicked Thoughts inatuluka, ndakhala ndikukayikira zomwe inanena. Yankho langa lidzagawidwa m'magawo awiri. Gawoli likufotokoza za nkhani ya kulekerera. Nkhani yotsatira ikufotokoza za maganizo a Wicked Thoughts ; omwe ndi akuti, zokonda zogonana sizisintha.
Kusokoneza maganizo ndi zolaula zimakonda kwambiri
M'buku lake lonena za kusintha kwa ubongo, The Brain That Changes Itself , katswiri wa zamaganizo Norman Doidge adafotokoza kuti,
Zithunzi zolaula zimawoneka, poyamba, kukhala nkhani yeniyeni: zithunzi zolaula zimayambitsa zenizeni, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mamiliyoni a zaka zamoyo. Koma ngati izo zinali zoona, zolaula sizidzakhala zosasintha. Zofanana, ziwalo zofanana ndi zathu, zomwe zidakomera makolo athu zikanatipangitsa ife kukondwera. Izi ndi zomwe ojambula zolaula amafuna kuti tizikhulupirire, chifukwa amati akulimbana ndi chiwerewere, mantha, ndi mantha ndipo cholinga chawo ndi kumasula zachilengedwe, zachiwerewere.
Koma kwenikweni zomwe zili mu zolaula ndi chinthu chosinthika chomwe chikuwonetsa bwino kupita patsogolo kwa kukoma komwe munthu wapeza. ... Mphamvu ya pulasitiki ya zolaula pa akuluakulu ikhoza ... kukhala yayikulu, ndipo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sadziwa momwe ubongo wawo umasinthira ndi izi.
[Ndakhala] ndathandizira kapena kuyesa amuna angapo omwe onse anali ndi nkhani yofanana. Aliyense anali ndi chilakolako cha zolaula zomwe, pang'ono kapena pang'ono, zomwe zimamuvutitsa kapena kumunyansitsa, zimasokoneza mtundu wa chisangalalo chake chakugonana, ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhudza ubale wake ndi mphamvu zogonana. …
Pamene ojambula zithunzi zolaula akudzitama kuti akukakamiza mfundo poyambitsa mitu yatsopano komanso yovuta, chomwe sanena ndichakuti ayenera kuchita, chifukwa makasitomala awo akukulitsa kulekerera zomwe zili mkati. (kugogomezera kwina)
Motero, mwamuna wogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha angayambe ndi zithunzi zamaliseche za nyenyezi yomwe amakonda kwambiri m'mafilimu. Kenako, ubongo wake ukasiya kuyankha zimenezo, "amapita patsogolo" ku mavidiyo a kugonana payekha, kugonana kwa vanilla, zochita za akazi okhaokha, kulowetsa, kuvina kwa zigawenga, zolaula zogonana ndi anthu ena, zolaula za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zolaula zonyansa (koma amatanthauzira zimenezo) komanso ngakhale zolaula zazing'ono. Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za akazi amanena za zomwezo, zomwe zimawavutitsanso. Mwamuna wina wogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adagawana zomwe adakumana nazo mu positi yapitayi :
Ndikukhulupirira kuti ine ndinabadwira amuna, malingaliro anga oyambirira anali okhudza abambo ndi amuna omwe nthawi zonse adandipatsa ine, pamene akazi andipatsa ine pang'ono. Ndinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolaula pa intaneti ndili ndi zaka zoposa 20. Gay sex kwa ine ndi yachibadwa ndi yachibadwa. Komabe ndinataya chidwi pa nthawiyi. Ndinayamba kuchita chidwi ndi zolaula zowonongeka ndipo ndinkangowonongeka ndi kutuluka kwa mwana wamwamuna ndikuyamba kukhala ndi mwana wamkazi wamwamuna. Sindinkakopeka nazo zisanaoneke kuti zolaula zinkangopitirira. Mankhwala atsopano pang'ono ndi pang'ono adalowetsa anthu akale mu chiwerewere. Ndinachita mantha kwambiri, ndinayamba kuganiza kuti ndikhoza kugonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, choncho ndinakonza msonkhano ndi amayi omwe amapita kukayesa izi. Komabe, sindinali wokondwa kwambiri ndipo mkhalidwewo unali wolakwika kwa ine. Zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zolaula.
Ndinaganiza zosiya kuonerera zolaula, ndipo nditatha kuonera zolaula kwa nthawi ndithu, nditha kusangalala kuti mwana wanga wamwalira wapita. Kugonana kwa amuna okhaokha kwabwerera ku chizolowezi kwa ine. Ndikhoza kuwonjezeranso kuti panthawi yanga yolaula, kugonana kwagonana sikungandipangitse ine pang'ono, ngakhale kuti pre-opera transwomen ali ndi mbolo. Zingakhale ngati kufunsa munthu wolunjika ngati angagone ndi mwamuna yemwe ali ndi chiwerewere, zomwe ndikuyenera kuwonjezera ndi chinachake chimene chinandichititsa chidwi nthawi imodzi.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti zochitika zamtunduwu zokhudzana ndi zolaula sizikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kuwulula "zolakalaka zawo zazikulu komanso malingaliro awo osavomerezeka" (mawu a Ogas ndi Gaddam). Zolingazo zikuyenda mwachangu kwambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito wamba amazindikira ngakhale izi zikuchitika:
Mapiko a Porn kwa maola 4-6 masiku angapo apitawo. Pa mbali yowonjezera, zinaonekeratu kuti zolaula zogonana ndi amuna ndi akazi sizigwirizana ndi kugonana kwanga. Atatha maola 30 + m'masiku ochepa a 5 akuwonera zolaula, zolaula zolaula zayamba kukhumudwitsa! Ndinayamba kufunafuna zinthu zina zonyansa komanso zochititsa mantha.
Ndiye chikuchitika ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiyambe posiyanitsa kunyalanyaza ndi chizolowezi. Kukhutira (chizolowezi) ndikukhumba zachilendo kumamangidwa mpaka muubongo wama mammalia ndipo sizowopsa. Simungadyeko pang'ono (osakhuta), koma mumakhala ndi chidwi ndi chitumbuwa cha dzungu (dopamine yotulutsidwa ndi chakudya chatsopano, chambiri chambiri). Njirayi imadzibwereza tsiku lotsatira. Mwachiwonekere, chilengedwechi chimatha kusiya ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kukhala pachiwopsezo chambiri chongotengera chifukwa chachilendo chimangokhala "inde!"
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchepa kwa chidziwitso ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumayesedwa (kuchepa kwa ma cell a mitsempha ya D2) kumasonyeza kuti chizolowezi chikuchitika. Mosiyana ndi zotsatira zosakhalitsa za chizolowezi, kuchepa kwa chidziwitso kumatenga nthawi kuti chibwerere m'mbuyo, chifukwa chakuti chimagwirizana ndi kusintha kwina kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi chizolowezi.
Chilendo = dopamine
Ponena za ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, chidwi cha kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndichakuti chimalola wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kuletsa nthawi yake yobadwa nayo yochira . M'malo moyembekezera kuti chilakolako chake chogonana chibwerere mwachibadwa, amatha kukakamiza mokwanira kuti apange kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a mitsempha (monga dopamine ndi norepinephrine). Amapeza chilakolako chomwe sichikanatheka, kapena chovuta kwambiri.
Tsopano, ubongo wake umaona zolaula zonse zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala ndi chilakolako, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zili mkati mwake, ngati zamtengo wapatali chifukwa zimatulutsa mankhwala a "pita ukatenge". Apanso, zomwe amafunikira ndi zinthu zatsopano, zodabwitsa, kaya zikugwirizana ndi zilakolako zake zoyambira zogonana kapena ayi. Cholakwika mu Maganizo Oipa ndichakuti zokonda zathu zoyambira zokha ndi zomwe zingatulutse dopamine yokwanira muubongo mwathu kuti ilimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Palibe chomwe chingakhale chosiyana ndi chowonadi. Dopamine ndi dopamine, momwe mungayiyambitsire.
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa zolaula zodabwitsazi ndikofunikira makamaka chifukwa ndichizindikiro chachikulu cha chizolowezi, osati chifukwa chimafotokozera omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere (kapena wina aliyense) zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi zikhumbo zawo zachiwerewere. Kuledzera kwakukulu, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mpumulo wamankhwala am'magazi, mwa zina chifukwa zosangalatsa zabwinobwino sizikukhutiritsa komanso zikhumbo zazikulu.
Choyipa chachikulu, ngati wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amafika pachimake pachinthu china chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda komanso zomwe amakonda, koma zimatulutsa dopamine ndi norepinephrine wokwanira muubongo wake (chifukwa ndizosangalatsa kapena zimabweretsa nkhawa), ubongo wake nawonso umatha zolimbikitsa zatsopano mpaka kumalipiro ake oyang'anira. Nthawi yotsatira akakumana ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi matendawa, adzawapeza modabwitsa - ndipo othandizira masiku ano nthawi zambiri amamutsimikizira kuti wapeza chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza "zofuna zake zazikulu". Ayi sichoncho.
Zachidziwikire, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakwanitsa kukonza zinthu zawo mwa kuwona zolaula zawo m'njira zomwe amakonda (mwachitsanzo, mtundu womwe umawonetsa zikhumbo zawo zazikulu zogonana). Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ambiri masiku ano akuti zolaula zimakonda kukhala ponseponse pomwe ubongo wawo umakulira. Izi zati, zizolowezi zolaula zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri pakati pa abambo ndi amai.
Njira imodzi mumsewu?
Omwe akukwera pamtunda nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mantha kudziwa kuti sangathenso kufikira zomwe amakonda kale. Zachisoni, momwe zimawasowetsa mtendere (zosankha zawo) zolaula, zosankhazo zimatha kukhala zowopsa, chifukwa cha mankhwala am'magazi omwe amamasulidwa ndi nkhawa zawo pazomwe amawonera.
Kawirikawiri sadziwa kuti ubongo wawo umadziletsa okha—potero amabwezeretsa ma dopamine receptors awo komanso momwe amamvera zomwe amakonda kale. Chifukwa chiyani? Sayesa kusiya kudziseweretsa maliseche ngakhale kwa milungu ingapo, chifukwa chakuti akamayesa kusiya chilakolako chawo cha kugonana chingachepe modabwitsa ndipo sadziwa kuti ndi zotsatira zakanthawi zobwezeretsa ubongo wawo kuti ukhale bwino. Mawu ofala kwambiri ndi akuti, “gwiritsani ntchito kapena mutaye,” ndipo popeza ambiri akutaya kale chilakolako chawo cha kugonana chifukwa chomwa mopitirira muyeso, amaopa kusiya.
Mwachidule, vuto la ogwiritsira ntchitowa si ufulu wochita zilakolako zawo zakuya, koma zokonda zakunja, zomwe makamaka zimachokera ku kusintha kosasinthika kwa matenda a m'magazi mosayembekezeka kubweretsedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
Izi zikuchitika mwanjira ina chifukwa cha kusanthula kopanda tanthauzo komwe, kunena zowona, kusokeretsa koopsa, osanenapo zomwe zitha kupweteketsa mtima, kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe agwera poterera:
- Izi zimatanthauza kuti iwo alibe mphamvu pa zosintha zawo.
- Zimasokoneza chidwi chawo pazinthu za sayansi zokhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zimafunikira kumvetsetsa zochitika zawo ndikuwongolera zotsatira zomwe akufuna.
- Zimawalimbikitsa kunyalanyaza, kapena kuvomereza ndikutsatira, zokonda zawo zomwe zikuwonjezeka ngati zathanzi, pomwe ali, kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri masiku ano, zizindikiritso zamatenda okhazikika: chizolowezi chamakhalidwe.
Kuledzera "Kukhazikika"
Seltzer analemba kuti:
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zothandiza kwambiri zomwe A Billion Wicked Thoughts imakwaniritsa ndikusintha zomwe mumakonda pa nkhani ya kugonana zomwe mpaka pano mwina zidakupangitsani (ndipo mwina anthu ambiri) kukhala zosamveka bwino. Mwachionekere, chilakolako chofala kwambiri, chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kungochinyalanyaza ngati "chodwala" - makamaka ngati pali zifukwa zamaganizo ndi zamoyo zomwe zimafotokoza bwino.
Nanga bwanji ngati zina mwazomwe zimatchedwa kuti 'zopatuka' zimangokhala chifukwa chakuledzera komanso kulolerana (kufunikira kolimbikitsidwa mwamphamvu)? Ngati anthu okwanira akumana ndi umboni wamatenda atha kukhala chizolowezi, koma sizitanthauza kuti machitidwe awo si "odwala"
Miliri ya chizolowezi choledzera yakhala ikuchitika kale m'mbiri ya anthu ndipo sizinapange zizindikiro zomwe anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezicho anali nazo "zabwinobwino" m'lingaliro lakuti "alibe matenda." Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 18, mbali zina za mkati mwa London zinavutika ndi mliri woyamba padziko lonse wa uchidakwa. Ndipo mu The Compass of Pleasure David Linden akufotokoza za chizolowezi chachikulu chopuma ether yotsika mtengo ku Ireland m'zaka za m'ma 1880.
Pankhani ya zolaula pa intaneti, kodi ndi bwino kuganiza kuti zomwe tifunika kudziwa ndi ngati zokonda ndi "zachibadwa" kapena "zosamveka" - potengera yankho lathu pa ziwerengero osati za thupi? Kodi tikulemba funso lolondola ngati tinyalanyaza kuthekera kwakuti zokonda zolaula zomwe zimasintha zitha kuyendetsedwa ndi malo osungira mphotho osawerengeka pofunafuna chidziwitso cha mitsempha mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zili?
Kupititsa patsogolo injini: Umboni wakuti zolaula sizidakhala zachilendo
Chodabwitsa kwambiri n'chakuti, ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amasiya zolaula zonse pa intaneti ndikulola ubongo wawo kubwerera ku chidziwitso chabwinobwino nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti sanali pa msewu wopita mbali imodzi. Zolaula zawo zimayamba pang'onopang'ono kusintha—modabwitsa, motsatizana—kubwerera ku zomwe amakonda poyamba. Mwachitsanzo, kugonana kwenikweni ndi okondedwa awo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosangalatsa (kachiwiri).
Njirayi si yophweka. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zizindikiro zoyipa zosiya kugonana , kukumbukira zinthu zakale, komanso nthawi yayitali ya "libido yofooka." Koma, kwa ambiri, imabwezeretsa kwathunthu zilakolako zawo zenizeni zogonana, zomwe zolaula zawo sizikuwonetsanso. Mwamuna wina anati:
Ndinkakonda kutsegulidwa ndi chilichonse chachikazi ndili ndi 13, koma izi zidasintha pomwe ndimayang'ana zolaula zambiri. Ndinayamba kuda nkhawa zanga zogonana chifukwa ndimadziwa kuti ndinali wolunjika kutengera mbiri, koma nthawi yomweyo sindinayankhe pazinthu zakale. Nthawi zina ndikakhala womasuka kapena woledzera, ndimayankha monga momwe ndimachitira ndili mwana. Zinali zosokoneza kwambiri chifukwa sindinakhalepo ndi malingaliro kapena zilakolako zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kupatsa maliseche zolaula kwathetsa kukayika kulikonse, chifukwa tsopano libido yanga ili pafupi kwambiri kuthana nayo. Ndimvera kwambiri akazi, ndipo ndimayankhidwa ndi akazi ambiri.
Kusokoneza mwatsatanetsatane
Malingaliro a Ogas ndi mpumulo wa Gaddam pa kukhudzika kolakwika kuti zokonda zonse zogonana sizikusintha ndi kuti ziribe kanthu momwe zolaula zimaperekedwera ku ubongo wathu, zokonda zathu zidzakhala zofanana ndi zochitika zathu zachiyero, zosasintha.
Popeza kuti kukonda kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti kukusintha zomwe owonera amakonda pankhani yogonana, chithunzi cha Ogas ndi Gaddam sichipereka chidziwitso chenicheni pa chilakolako cha anthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri deta yawo kungakhale kufananiza ndi deta yofanana ndi ya nthawi ina, kuti njira yowonjezereka ya kuchuluka kwa anthu idziwike bwino pakapita nthawi, ndipo kufunika kwenikweni kwa detayo kumveke bwino.
Kuphunzira za chikhumbo chaumunthu kudzakhalabe mopanda phindu ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu mpaka akatswiri akuphatikizira ndi kuphunzitsa anthu momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito, momwe umaphunzirira, ndi momwe zizoloŵezi zingasokoneze zokonda za kugonana chifukwa cha deensitization / kulekerera.
M'ndandanda yanga yotsatira ndidzayankha lingaliro lofunikira lomwe limalimbikitsa ntchito ya Ogas ndi Gaddam, zomwe ndi malingaliro akuti zokonda zathu sizisintha.
ZOCHITIKA ZOLEMBEDWA KWABWINO OGAS & GADDAM
- Zizindikiro za kuledzera ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri? Kupitilira maphunziro a 30 omwe amafotokoza zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula (kulolerana), chizolowezi choonera zolaula, komanso zisonyezo zosiya (zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo).
- Kodi munthu amadziwa bwanji? Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda atsopano woyenera kuchita zachiwerewere: "Kugonana Kwachiwerewere. ”(2018)
- Kugonana ndi kugonana / kugonana? Tsambali likulemba Zotsatira za 39 za sayansi (MRI, fMRI, EEG, matenda opatsirana pogonana, mahomoni). Amapereka chithandizo cholimba cha mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamene zofukufuku zawo zimagwirizanitsa zochitika za m'maganizo zomwe zimafotokozedwa mu maphunziro osokoneza bongo.
- Malingaliro enieni a akatswiri okhudzana ndi zolaula / kugonana? Mndandanda uwu uli Ndemanga za 16 zaposachedwa & ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Zonse zothandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Kulingalira mfundo yosalimbikitsidwa yolankhulidwa yakuti "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana" akufotokozera zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana: Kafukufuku wa 25 amapusitsa kunena kuti kugonana & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana"
- Zolaula ndi zogonana? Mndandandawu uli ndi maphunziro a 26 omwe akugwirizanitsa ntchito zolaula / zolaula ku mavuto a kugonana ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. FZosintha za 5 zilibe mndandanda zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana.
- Zotsatira za zovuta pazoyanjana? Zofufuza pafupifupi 60 zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito kugonana kosachepera komanso kukhutira ndi chibwenzi. (Monga momwe ife tikudziwira onse Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna adanena za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zambiri zogwirizana osauka kugonana kapena kukondana.)