Kusalongosoka: Kuyankha Kwakukondweretsa Kwambiri

Kusintha

Kusintha

Desensitization ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zasintha muubongo. Zosintha zina zingapo zazikulu muubongo zimaphatikizapo;

  1. Kusintha: Kukonzekera maulendo apamtima a Pavlovian okhudzana ndi kuledzera
  2. Kusasamala: Kufooka kwa maulendo oyendetsa magetsi.
  3. Malo osokoneza maganizo osayenerera - Kupsinjika mtima kumatha kuyambitsa kubwerera m'mbuyo
Dopamine

Dopamine ya neurotransmitter ndiyo mpweya umene umapatsa mphoto zowonjezera, ndipo zimayambitsa zolimbikitsa, mphotho, zikhumbo, zilakolako, ndi zoona, libido ndi erections. Mlingo wa chizindikiro cha dopamine umagwirizanitsa ndi kukondweretsedwa mwa maphunziro aumunthu. Dopamine ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu mu mphotho ndi chizoloŵezi, ndi chinsinsi chomvetsetsa deensitization.

A yankho losangalatsa lachisangalalokapena deensitization, ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri zosintha muubongo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. (Palinso kusintha kwina kwaubongo komwe kumadziwika kuti "kulimbikitsa." Nayi nayi kufotokozera zomwe zimasiyanitsa desensitization ndi chidwi). Gawo lachitetezo cha thupi la mphotho desensitization limaganiziridwa kuti kutsika kwa dopamine ndi chizindikiro cha opioid.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukana

Kutsimikiza kumawoneka ngati chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo:

  1. Zimachepa muzipatala za dopamine. Kafukufuku ambiri amasonyeza kuti a kuchepa kwa dopamine D2 receptors, zomwe zimatanthauza kuchepa kwambiri kwa dopamine, zomwe zimachititsa kuti chizoloŵezi chochepetsera chisamaliro chochepa chikhale chosamvetsetseka ku zochitika zomwe zimapindulitsa.
  2. Amachepetsa muyeso ya baseline (tonic) ya dopamine. Kuchepetsa ma dopamine kumasiya munthu "wanjala" wokonda kuchita zinthu zokulitsa dopamine / zinthu zamtundu uliwonse.
  3. Mphungu ya dopamine imayankha (phasic dopamine) ku mphotho yachibadwa. Dopamine kawirikawiri imadzera chifukwa cha ntchito zopindulitsa. Mukakhala mowa kwambiri ndi dopamine, zokhumba zanu zimakukakamizani kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito zolaula.
  4. Zimatsikira ku CRF-1 receptors, zomwe zimayambitsa kukweza ma dopamine mu striatum (okha amaphunzira ndi cocaine).
  5. Kuwonongeka kwa mphoto yoyera imvi nkhani, zomwe zikutanthawuza kutayika kwa odwala. Izi zikutanthawuza kukhala zochepa zogwirizanitsa mitsempha kapena synapses. A Kufufuza kwa 2014 pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula Zosakaniza zosaoneka bwino ndi zolaula zambiri.
  6. Kutha pang'ono Opioids kapena opioid receptors. Zotsatira zimakhala zosasangalatsa pang'ono komanso zosangalatsa zochepa zomwe zimakhala zopindulitsa.

Zonse # 2 ndi # 3 zitha kuphatikizira kuchuluka kwa dynorphin yomwe imaletsa dopamine, ndi Kufooka kwa njira zina (glutamate) kutumiza mauthenga kwa oyang'anira mphotho, Mwanjira ina kutaya mtima kumakhala kovuta, ndipo kumakhala kovuta kuti muphunzire.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa deensitization?

Zambiri za chinthu chabwino.

Dopamine ndipamene zimayambira. Ngati dopamine ndiyokwera kwambiri kwakanthawi yayitali kumabweretsa ma cell amitsempha kutaya chidwi chawo. Ngati wina apitiliza kufuula, mumatseka makutu anu. Maselo amitsempha yotumiza dopamine akapitiliza kutulutsa dopamine, ma cell amitsempha olandila amatseka "makutu" awo pochepetsa ma dopamine (D2) receptors. (Onani: Volkow Ikhoza Kuvumbulutsidwa Yankho la Kuledzera.)

Njira yotsimikiza
  • Ndondomeko yowonongeka ikhoza kuyamba mofulumira, ngakhale ndi mphoto zachilengedwe monga chakudya chopanda kanthu. Zimangotuluka mwamsanga zimadalira kukula kwa ntchito komanso chiopsezo cha ubongo.
  • Zili bwanji zopitilira muyeso Zimatsimikizika ndi kusintha kwa ubongo - osati ndi machitidwe akunja, monga kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zopatsa mphamvu, kapena nthawi yomwe mumawonera zolaula. Palibe anthu awiri ofanana.
  • Mankhwala osaneneka a dopamine sali oyenera kuti asokonezeke. Kusuta fodya kumawonjezera anthu ochuluka kwambiri kuposa ogwiritsira ntchito cocaine, ngakhale kuti cocaine imapangitsa kuphulika kwakukulu kwa magazi. Mabala ang'onoang'ono a dopamine angaphunzitse ubongo bwino kwambiri kuposa zochepa, zovuta kwambiri.
  • Ngakhale kuti ma dopamine amafunika kupitilizidwa kuti awonongeke. Yerekezerani kudya kwambiri ndi kukhala ochepa kwambiri kusuta fodya. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti asamawononge dopamine receptors, koma nthawi yocheperapo imatha kudya kusiyana ndi kunyada.
  • Kupitilira njira zothetsera kukhudzika kwachilengedwe kumatha kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri momwe othandizira achilengedwe amathandizira kukhumudwitsa. Anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso amanyalanyaza zisonyezo za 'kuyimitsa', kapena molondola ubongo wawo womwe sukhalanso ndi "chisangalalo," chifukwa chake amapitiliza kudya (onani - Amuna: Kodi Kuthamangitsidwa Kwafupipafupi Chifukwa Chakudya?)
Kukakamira ndi kulolerana

Kusokoneza maganizo kumbuyo kulolerana, chomwe ndichofunikira kukulitsa kwakukulu kuti chikhale chimodzimodzi "pamwamba". Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amapita kumitundu yatsopano kuti akwaniritse dopamine yomwe ikutsalira. Zachilendo komanso kuphwanya ziyembekezo (kudabwitsidwa) kumawonjezera dopamine.

Iyi si nkhani yongokambirana zakukhumudwitsidwa, chifukwa maphunziro atatu aposachedwa kwambiri pa intaneti omwe adawonetsa kuwonetsa kwa dopamine mwa omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Aliyense amayesa mbali zosiyanasiyana zakukhumudwitsidwa ndikupeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pazokonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndikuwongolera. Mu phunziro # 2, imanena mwachindunji - "kuyang'ana zithunzi zolaula kapena mafilimu achikulire".

  1. Ochepetsa Dysamato Dopamine D2 Ovomerezeka Anthu Amene Ali ndi Internet Addiction (2011)
  2. Dopamine yotumiza Striatal yotumizira anthu omwe ali ndi Internet Addiction Disorder (2012)
  3. Zithunzi za PET zimasonyeza kuti ubongo umasintha pa vuto la masewera a intaneti (2014)
Kukakamira komanso zolaula

Phunziroli pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula - Maonekedwe a Ubongo ndi Kuyanjana Mogwirizana Ogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Ntchito: Ubongo pa Porn (2014) - Akatswiri ku Max Planck Institute ku Germany adapeza kuti maola ochulukirapo sabata & zaka zambiri zowonera zolaula zimayenderana ndi kuchepa kwa imvi m'magawo oyang'anira mphotho omwe akukhudzidwa ndikupanga zisankho. Kuchepetsa imvi mdera lokhudzana ndi mphotho kumatanthauza kulumikizana pang'ono kwa mitsempha. Kulumikizana kocheperako kwamitsempha pano kumatanthauzira kukhala ntchito yocheperako, kapena kuyankha kochepera. Ofufuzawo adamasulira izi ngati chisonyezo chazovuta zomwe zimawonetsedwa kwakanthawi.

  • Mlembi wamkulu Simone Kühn adati - "Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kuwonetsa zolaula nthawi zonse kumatulutsa mphoto yanu. "

Chidule: Pamene ma dopamine kapena opioid receptors amachepa pambuyo pakukondoweza kwambiri, ubongo sumayankha mochulukirapo, ndipo timamva mphotho yochepa chifukwa cha zosangalatsa. Izi zimatipangitsa kuti tifufuze mwamphamvu kwambiri kuti tipeze kukhutitsidwa-mwachitsanzo, pofunafuna zolaula, zolaula zambiri, kapena kuwonera zolaula pafupipafupi - ndikupangitsa kuti ubongo uwonongeke.

Kusalongosoka motsutsana ndi chikhalidwe:

Kuzoloŵera ndikuchepa kwakanthawi kapena kutha kwa dopamine kumasulidwa poyankha kukondoweza kumodzi. Iyi ndi njira yanthawi zonse ndipo imatha kusintha kamphindi. Kusintha amatanthauza kusintha kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumakhudza kuchepa kwa siginecha ya dopamine ndi ma D2 receptors. Iyi ndi njira yosokoneza bongo ndipo imatha kutenga miyezi mpaka zaka kuti ichitike, komanso nthawi yayitali kuti musinthe.

Magulu a Dopamine amakwera tsiku lonse poyankha chilichonse chomwe tikupeza chopindulitsa, buku, chosangalatsa, chosangalatsa, ngakhale chowopsa kapena chodetsa nkhawa. Uthenga waukulu wa dopamine ndi - "izi ndi zofunika, tcherani khutu, ndipo kumbukirani."

Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito kudya monga chitsanzo. Munthu akakhala ndi njala, dopamine imadzuka poyembekezera kuyamba kuluma kwa burger koyamba. Chakudya chamasana chikupitilira, dopamine amachepetsa ndipo timayamba kuzolowera. Palibe ma spike ena mu ma sign a dopamine amatanthauza kuti, "Ndakhala ndikwanira." Simungafunenso burger, koma ngati mungapatsidwe brownie wa chokoleti, ma spikes anu a dopamine, omwe amakulimbikitsani kuti musagwiritse ntchito njira zokhazikika ndikukhala ndi zina.

Chitsanzo china chikhoza kuti mukuwerenga zithunzi zaulendo wa mnzanu ku Grand Canyon. Mutha kulandira kachidutswa kakang'ono ka dopamine ndi chithunzi chilichonse, koma mwachangu mumazolowera ndikusamukira chithunzi chotsatira. Zomwezi zitha kuchitika podina zithunzi za Masewera Ojambula zitsanzo zamasamba. Mumangokhala pazithunzi zina (kuzolowera kuzolowera), koma osatero ndi zithunzi zina (chizolowezi chofulumira).

Ngati ndili ndi nkhawa sindifunikira kupewa zinthu zokweza dopamine?

Ili ndi funso lomveka popeza mphotho zonse zimagawana magawo ena aubongo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ubongo wanu umasokonekera chifukwa chakumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine, mwayi wanu wosokonekera kwa erectile umachuluka ndipo libido imachepa. Izi zimatiuza kuti kulumikizana kwa maubongo kulipo. Komabe, zokumana nazo zimatidziwitsa kuti kumwa vinyo, kudya chokoleti ndi kugonana ndizosiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chilichonse chomwe chimakhudzidwa chimakhala ndi njira zapadera kuwonjezera pa zomwe zimachitika.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa apeza kuti kugonana kumayambitsa magulu awo amtundu wa mphotho. Modabwitsa cocaine & methamphetamine imayambitsa mitsempha yomweyo ya mitsempha mu malo opezera mphotho monganso mphotho yakugonana. Mosiyana ndi izi, pali chabe chiwerengero chochepa za mitsempha-maselo zimakhala pakati pa meth ndi chakudya kapena madzi (mphoto zina zachilengedwe).

Kafukufuku wowonjezera adapeza kuti Kuthamangitsidwa mu makoswe amphongo kungathe kuchepetsa maselo a mitsempha yadera zomwe zimapanga dopamine. Chochitika chabwinochi chimatsanzira zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuledzera kwa ma cell amitsempha amtundu wa dopamine. Izi sizitanthauza kuti kugonana ndi koyipa. Zimangotidziwitsa kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo amabera njira zomwezi zomwe zimatipangitsanso kubwerera kuchipinda kuti tithandizike.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amabera mabwalo ogonana

Mwachidule, mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga meth & heroin akukakamiza chifukwa amabera maselo enieni a mitsempha ndi machitidwe, omwe adasintha kuti apange zokakamiza zogonana. Zosangalatsa zina zambiri sizichita. Chifukwa chake, "malo oyankhulira" odziwika omwe "Chilichonse chimadzutsa dopamine. Gofu kapena kuseka sizowonjezera, ndipo zingasiyane bwanji ndi zolaula pa intaneti pankhani ya dopamine? " akugwera.

Simungapewe zochitika zokulitsa dopamine, nanunso simuyenera kuchita. Zochita zatsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo mwina ngakhale mowa ndi mphika, siziyenera kubweretsa vuto. Zachidziwikire, zingakhale bwino ngati mutasiya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusuta fodya, tiyi kapena khofi ndikudya moyenera, koma amuna adachira akadapitabe apo ndi apo.

Ndizosangalatsa kuchita nawo mphotho zachilengedwe, monga kupsompsonana, kukumbatirana, nyimbo, kuvina, masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera, chakudya chabwino, kucheza, ndi zina zambiri. Kupatula kukweza dopamine, zambiri mwazinthuzi zimakwezanso milingo ya oxytocin. Oxytocin ndi yapadera chifukwa zonse zimathandizira gawo la mphotho ndi kumachepetsa zikhumbo. Mfundo yofunika ndi yosavuta: Pewani zomwe zimakulowetsani. Ndikutsindika kwambiri kuwerenga FAQ: Kodi ndiyenera kupewa chiyani pamene ndikuyambiranso?

Kodi ndingatani kuti ndifulumize kuchira?

Funso lodziwika ndi ili: "Ndi chowonjezera chiti kapena chakudya chomwe chidzafulumizitse kubwerera kwa ma dopamine receptors?" Kuledzera kwanu sikunayambitsidwe ndi kusowa kwa zakudya, kotero sikungakonzedwe ndi chowonjezera. Ma receptors a Dopamine ndi mapuloteni opangidwa kuchokera ku amino acid omwewo omwe amapezeka m'maselo anu onse. Kutaya mtima kumayambitsidwa ndi kukondoweza kwambiri, osati ma amino acid ochepa. Ngati angafune, maselo anu amitsempha amatha kumanganso ma dopamine receptors mu mphindi zochepa.

Chofunika kwambiri, kukhudzika mtima kumakhudzana ndi maulalo angapo mu mphotho yomwe ikusinthidwa, zomwe zimabweretsa kutsika kwa dopamine (dopamine receptors & dopamine level). Mutha kukhala ndi mpweya wambiri (dopamine) mu thanki yanu, koma pampu yanu yamafuta yathyoledwa ndipo theka la mapulagi anu akusowa. Kuonjezera mafuta ambiri sikungathetse vuto lanu.

Zolemba zokhudzana ndi zomwe mungadye kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa dopamine ndizopanda pake. Choyamba, L-tyrosine (yemwe amalimbikitsidwa nthawi zambiri) ndiye amene amatsogolera dopamine (ndi mahomoni ena ofunikira). Amapezeka mosavuta mu zakudya zabwino. Chachiwiri, "zakudya zopangidwa ndi dopamine" zilibe phindu chifukwa dopamine silingadutse chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zomwe mumayika m'mimba mwanu sizingathandize kukhazikika kwa ma dopamine muubongo wanu. Chachitatu, komanso chofunikira kwambiri, kukhumudwa kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma dopamine (D2) receptors ndi kusintha kwa ma synapses. (Za malingaliro a omwe akuchira onani zowonjezera.)

Kubwezeretsa kwachilengedwe

Chimene inu mungathe ndikuchita zolimbitsa ndi sinkhasinkha. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimapanga zonsezi dopamine ndi dopamine receptors. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachepetsa kukhumba ndi kuvutika maganizo. Kafukufuku wina akufotokoza kuti kusinkhasinkha kumawonjezera dopamine a kutulutsa 65%. Wina phunziro anapeza minofu yamtundu wakuda kwambiri m'maganizo a nthawi yaitali. Zizoloŵezi zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa mutu wa galasi wamkati, womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi deensitization ndi zochepa za dopamine zomwe zimazipanga ku lobes apambali. Zosafunika kwenikweni zimatchedwa chinyengo, ndipo limagwirizanitsa ndi kulamulira kosavuta.

[Masiku 27 popanda PMO] "Nazi kusintha komwe kwachitika mmoyo wanga womwe kuchokera pantchito" yobwezeretsanso ": Zotsatira zake ndi zenizeni 100% ndipo zimawoneka bwino, ndipo zimakhudza mbali zonse za moyo wanga. Popanda PMO kukondoweza, ndakhala womasuka pakhungu langa, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zathandiza kwambiri pochita zinthu ndi anyamata kapena atsikana. Ndimasangalalanso chifukwa anthu ena ambiri azindikira zomwezo: kukulitsa chidwi chakugonana kwa azimayi munthawi zobisika, ndikukhala ndi chidwi chowerenga ndi kupereka mayankho pazomwe amalemba. Kulimbikitsanso chidwi chocheza, komanso chidaliro chatsopano. Izi sizomwe zimakhudza placebo, komanso kwa okayikira aliwonse; njira yokhayo yotsimikizika ndikuyesera. Mudzawona. ”