Comments: Pepala ili (zolemba m'munsimu) zili ndi maphunziro awiri a nthawi yayitali akuwunika zomwe zolaula za pa intaneti zimakhudza "kuchepetsa kuchotsera." Kuchotsera kuchedwa kumachitika anthu akasankha madola khumi pompano osati madola 20 pamlungu. Ndikulephera kuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa msanga ndi mphotho yamtengo wapatali mtsogolo.
Ganizirani za wotchuka Chiyeso cha Stanford marshmallow, kumene 4 ndi 5 a zaka zapitazo adauzidwa ngati atachedwa kudya nthendayi imodzi pamene wofufuzirayo adatuluka, adzalandira mphotho yachiwiri pamene wofufuzirayo adabwerera. Penyani izi zoseketsa kanema wa ana ndikulimbana ndi chisankho ichi.
The phunziro loyamba (azaka zapakati pazaka 20) zolaula zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa zimagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zawo pantchito yokonzanso yomwe yachedwa. Zotsatira:
"Kuonerera zolaula komwe anthu adadya, ndipamenenso adawona mphoto zam'tsogolo zomwe zingapindulepo kuposa mphotho yomweyo, ngakhale kuti mphotoyo inali yamtengo wapatali zedi m'tsogolo. ”
Mwachidule, zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepa zochepetsera kukondweretsa mphoto zazikulu zamtsogolo. Pa gawo lachiwiri la kafukufuku omwe adafufuzanso nkhani zomwe zinachedwa kuchepetsa masabata a 4 kenako ndikugwirizana ndi zolaula zawo.
“Zotsatira izi zikusonyeza kuti Kupitirizabe kuganizira zolaula zokhudzana ndi zolaula zimakhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa nthawi."
Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunapangitsa wamkulu Sachedwa kuchepetsa masabata a 4. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumalepheretsa kuchepetsa kugonjetsa, m'malo molephera kuchepetsa kukondweretsa komwe kumayambitsa kugonana. Koma kafukufuku wachiwiri anagwedeza msomali m'bokosi.
A phunziro lachiwiri (zaka zapakatikati 19) adachitidwa kuti aone ngati kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zimayambitsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa, kapena kulephera kuchepetsa kukondweretsa. Ochita kafukufuku anagawikana ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'magulu awiri:
- Gulu limodzi linapewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa masabata a 3,
- Gulu lina lachiwiri linasiya zakudya zomwe ankakonda masabata a 3.
Ophunzira onse anauzidwa kuti phunziroli linali lonena za kudziletsa, ndipo anasankhidwa mwachisawawa kuti asiye ntchito zawo.
Mbali yanzeru inali yoti ochita kafukufuku anali ndi gulu lachiwiri la ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti asadye chakudya chomwe amakonda. Izi zidatsimikizira kuti 1) maphunziro onse omwe amachita kudziletsa, ndipo 2) zolaula zomwe gulu lachiwiri silinakhudzidwe.
Kumapeto kwa masabata a 3, ophunzirawo adagwira nawo ntchito yowunika kuchotsera kuchedwa. Chidziwitsao chofunikira: Ngakhale "gulu lodziletsa zolaula" limawona zolaula zochepa kuposa "omwe samakonda kudya", ambiri sanapewere zolaula. Zotsatira:
“Monga kunanenedweratu, Ophunzira omwe adayesa kudziletsa pa chilakolako chawo chodya zolaula adasankha kuchuluka kwa mapiri akuluakulu, amtsogolo poyerekeza ndi omwe adadziletsa pa zomwe amadya koma adapitiliza kuonera zolaula. ”
Gulu lomwe lidasiya kuwonera zolaula kwa masabata a 3 silikuwonetsa kuchotsera pang'ono kuposa gulu lomwe limadya chakudya chomwe amakonda. Mwachidule, kupewa zolaula pa intaneti kumawonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti achedwetse kukhutira. Kuchokera pa kafukufukuyu:
"Chifukwa chake, tikumangapo zomwe zapezedwa mu Phunziro 1, tinasonyeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula kunkagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa. Kuchita kudziletsa mu chigonjetso chogonana kunakhudza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kukhumudwitsa thupi (mwachitsanzo, kudya zakudya zomwe mumazikonda).
Kutenga:
- Sikunali kudziletsa komwe kumawonjezera kuthekera kwakuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
- Zolaula za pa Intaneti ndizochititsa chidwi kwambiri.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, ngakhale osakhala osokoneza bongo, kumakhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali.
Kodi chofunikira ndikuti kuchotsera kuchotsera (kutha kuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa)? Kuchedwetsa kuchotsera kumalumikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutchova juga mopitirira muyeso, machitidwe achiwerewere oopsa komanso chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti.
Kubwerera ku "kuyesa kwa marshmallow" mu 1972: Ofufuzawo adanena kuti ana omwe anali ofunitsitsa kuchedwetsa chisangalalo ndikudikirira kulandira marshmallow yachiwiri amamaliza kukhala ndi ma SAT ambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mwayi wochepetsetsa, kunenepa kwabwino, maluso ochezera bwino monga ananenera makolo awo, ndipo amakhala ndi ziwerengero zabwino pamitundu ina ya moyo (maphunziro omwe amatsatira Pano, Panondipo Pano). Kukwanitsa kuchepetsa kukondweretsa kunali kofunikira kuti moyo ukhale wopambana.
Kafukufuku watsopanoyu amatembenuza zonse pamutu pake. Pomwe kafukufuku wa marshmallow akulozera kuthekera kochedwetsa kukhutitsidwa ngati chinthu chosasinthika, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti ndimadzimadzi, pamlingo winawake. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu sizinali chinthu chofunikira. M'malo mwake, kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti kunakhudza kuthekera kwa anthu kuti achedwetse kukhutira. Kuchokera pa kafukufukuyu:
"Zotsatira zathu zalimbitsanso zomwe tapeza kuti kusiyana kwakuchedwa kuchotsera makamaka kumachitika chifukwa cha machitidwe osati malingaliro amtundu."
Motero,
"Ngakhale kutukuka komanso kubadwa kwazinthu zitha kutenga gawo lalikulu pakuchepetsa mtima komanso kuzengereza, machitidwe ndi mtundu wa zoyambitsa komanso mphotho zimathandizanso kukulitsa zizolowezi zoterezi."
Mfundo ziwiri zofunika: 1) omverawo sanafunsidwe kuti apewe maliseche kapena kugonana - zolaula zokha, ndi 2) nkhanizo sizinali zolaula kapena zosokoneza bongo. Zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa kuti zolaula pa intaneti ndizapadera komanso zamphamvu zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zingasinthe zomwe ofufuza ngakhale anali khalidwe lachibadwa. Kuchokera pa phunziro:
"Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndi mphotho yakugonana yomwe imathandizira kuchedwetsa kuchotsera mosiyana ndi mphotho zina zachilengedwe, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito sikokakamiza kapena kosokoneza bongo. Kafukufukuyu akuthandizira kwambiri, kuwonetsa kuti zotsatira zake zimangodutsa kudzutsa kwakanthawi. ”
As zikwi zikwi zowonjezera zivumbulutsira, Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kumatha kukhudza zambiri kuposa kugonana. Kuchokera pamapeto pa phunziroli:
“Kuonera zolaula kumapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi chilakolako chogonana msanga koma kumatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lomwe limakhudza gawo lina la moyo wamunthu, makamaka maubale. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tione zolaula ngati zochitika zapadera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tipindule, tipitirize kuphunziranso, komanso kuti tigwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa.. "
Phunziroli lilinso ndi zokambirana zothandiza pantchito ya dopamine ndi machitidwe oyendetsedwa ndi chidwi. Kuphatikiza apo, imapereka kafukufuku wambiri pazifukwa zakugonana ndi njira zapaintaneti (zachilendo zonse) zimafuna kulingalira mwapadera. Mwa chisinthiko, mwayi wopulumuka wochotsera kuchotsera chilakolako chogonana ungakhale kulimbikitsa nyama kuti '' zizikhala bwino, '' ndikupatsirana chibadwa chawo.
Monga ofufuza adati,
"Zithunzi zolaula palokha zitha kukhala zopanda vuto koma, tikapatsidwa zomwe tikudziwa za mphotho ndi kukula kwa kugonana monga mphotho yachilengedwe komanso chisonkhezero chowoneka bwino, imakhalanso ndi chizolowezi chomangokhala osokoneza bongo."
Ofufuzawa ananeneratu kuti zolaula zingapangitse zifukwa za 3 kuti:
- Zofuna zogonana zingakhale zamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo zakhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa mu kafukufuku wakale
- Kuonera zithunzi zolaula kumakhala kosavuta kumenyana kwenikweni, kungakhale kozoloŵera, ndipo munthu amene ali ndi vutoli akhoza kukhala wosangalala
- Zosangalatsa zonse za intaneti zingachititse kuti anthu azikakamizidwa mobwerezabwereza komanso kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi (kuchepetsa kuchitapo kanthu, kuyendetsa chosowa cholimbikitsa)
Pomalizira, monga nkhani zambiri zidakali aang'ono, pali zokambirana mwachidule za momwe achinyamata angakhalire wovuta kwambiri zotsatira zolaula pa intaneti.
"Ponena za zitsanzo zamakono za ophunzira aku koleji (azaka zapakati pa 19 ndi 20), ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti, mwachilengedwe, unyamata umafikira pafupifupi zaka 25. Achinyamata amawonetsa chidwi chochulukirapo komanso samadana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka, kuwapangitsa kukhala ochulukirapo atengeke. ”
Kudalirika
J Sex Res. 2015 Aug 25: 1-12.
Negash S1, Sheppard NV, Lambert NM, Fincham FD.
Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndimakampani opanga mabiliyoni ambiri omwe akupezeka mosavuta. Kuchotsera mochedwa kumaphatikizapo kutsika pamtengo waukulu, pambuyo pake kulandira mphotho zazing'ono, zomwe zingachitike mwachangu. Kukhazikika kwanthawi zonse komanso kutsogola kwa zoyipa zakugonana monga mphotho zamphamvu zachilengedwe zimapangitsa kuti zolaula za pa intaneti zikhale zoyambitsa mphotho muubongo, potero zimakhala ndi tanthauzo pakupanga zisankho. Kutengera maphunziro a chiphunzitso cha psychology ndi neuroeconomics, kafukufuku awiri adayesa lingaliro loti kuwonera zolaula pa intaneti kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwakuchedwa kuchotsera.
Phunzirani 1 ntchito yopanga utoto wautali. Ophunzirawo adamaliza zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito mafunso komanso ntchito yowonongeka ku Time 1 ndipo kenaka patatha milungu inayi. Otsatira omwe akuwonetsa zolaula zoyambirira zikugwiritsidwa ntchito akuwonetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa chiwongoladzanja pa Time 2, kuyang'anira kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa.
Phunzirani 2 kuyesedwa mwachidwi ndi kapangidwe koyesera. Ophunzirawo anapatsidwa mwayi wopewera zakudya zomwe amakonda kapena zolaula kwa milungu itatu. Ophunzira omwe adapewa zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kusiyana ndi ophunzira omwe adasiya zakudya zomwe amakonda. Zomwe akupezazi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula pa intaneti ndi mphoto ya kugonana yomwe imapangitsa kuchedwa kuchotsa mosiyana kusiyana ndi mphoto zina zachilengedwe. Maphunziro a zokhudzana ndi maphunzirowa akufotokozedwa.
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