Critique of amanena kuzungulira Steele et al., 2013 ("Chilakolako cha Kugonana, osati Hypersexourse, ndi Chokhudzana ndi Mayankho a Neurophysiological Oyankhidwa Ndi Zithunzi Zogonana")

Mukhoza kudumpha mbiri ndi pitani mwachindunji kusanthula kwathu.

POYAMBA ZA JULY, 2013 CRITIC

Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Julayi, 2013 ngati positi yoyankha pa blog ya "Psychology Today" yokhala ndi kuyankhulana ndi Dr. Nicole Prause, wolemba nawo kafukufuku wa EEG womwe wafotokozedwa pano. Pa Marichi 6, 2013, wolemba blog mnzake wa Psychology Today, David Ley, adalengeza pamutu wa blog-post kuti kafukufuku watsopano, womwe sunasindikizidwebe, unatsutsa kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti: " Ubongo Wanu pa Zolaula - Sizoledzera ." Popeza kafukufuku wazaka makumi awiri wa chizolowezi cha khalidwe akutsutsa zomwe akunenazi, tinali okayikira. Pa Marichi 7 tinalemba blog yoyankha pa Psychology Today pofotokoza nkhawa zathu kutengera kufotokozera kwa Ley kovuta kumvetsetsa (komanso kolakwika) kwa kafukufuku wa EEG wosasindikizidwa wa Prause.

Izi zidapangitsa kuti Nicole Prause, m'modzi mwa olemba kafukufukuyu, alembe makalata achinsinsi ochokera kwa Nicole Prause, yemwe adakana kutipatsa kafukufukuyu, koma adati tichotse zomwe tidalemba poyankha—chifuniro chomwe chidaperekedwa ndi ziwopsezo zopanda pake zalamulo komanso kutsata anthu pa intaneti nthawi imodzi . Pomaliza, akonzi a Psychology Today adachotsa zomwe Ley adalemba poyamba komanso zomwe tidalemba. Onani nkhaniyi, yokhala ndi maimelo ndi zolemba zina, apa: Marichi ndi Epulo, 2013: Chiyambi cha kuzunza kwa Nicole Prause, mabodza ndi ziwopsezo (pambuyo poti iye ndi David Ley adayang'ana Gary Wilson mu positi ya blog ya PT).

--------------
PEZANI - 7 / 21 / 13: Patatha miyezi isanu David Ley atalemba blog Phunziro la Prause EEG lidawonekera: "Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, chimakhudzana ndi mayankho okhudza kugonana"(Steele et al., 2013). Gulu lofufuzira lili ndi Steele, Staley, Fong ndi Prause. Awiri omaliza adatchulidwa ngati mamembala a "SPAN Lab" (tsamba lomwe latha tsopano). Fong, mwa njira, adatero adakangana pagulu zolaula sizipezeka.

Nicole Prause adalumikizana ndi mkonzi wa Psychology Today yemwe adachotsa positi ya Wilson pa blog (yomwe ili pansipa) ndi positi ina yofufuza Steele et al. , 2013. Ndadabwa ndi khalidweli. Prause anakana kulankhula nkhani zathu mwachindunji, ngakhale kuti analandiridwa kuti alembe mu gawo la ndemanga pa Psychology Today. M'malo mwake Prause wasankha kuchita zinthu zonyoza, kuzunza, pamene akusewera wozunzidwayo - zomwe iye sali nazo. Onani Tsamba lomwe likufotokoza za kuzunza komwe Nicole Prause akupitiriza kuchita kwa omwe sakugwirizana naye.

Zowonjezera: Popeza Prause akuyesera kutsutsa otsutsa, ndapereka uthenga woyambirira wa David Ley ndi yankho langa , kuyambira mu Marichi, 2013, pamodzi ndi ndemanga zonse zomwe zili pansi pa uthenga woyambirira - kuphatikizapo ndemanga za Prause, kutsatiridwa ndi yankho langa.

--------------

ZOSINTHA – 9/22/13: John A. Johnson PhD pa Steele et al ., 2013 (kukambirana za chidole cha sock cha Nicole Prause mu gawo la ndemanga)

--------------

ZOSINTHA – 2/10/2014: David Ley ndi Nicole Prause agwirizananso. Ley, yemwe ndi wolemba buku la “The Myth of Sex Addiction”, adagwirizana ndi Prause (wa SPAN Lab) kuti asindikize buku la The Emperor Has No Clothes: A review of the “Pornography Addiction” model ( Ley et al ., 2014). Zambiri zokhudza ofufuza. Iyi sinali review yeniyeni ya mabukuwa. M'malo mwake Ley et al., mizere yosokeretsa yomwe idasankhidwa ndi cherry mkati mwa maphunziro, idasiya maphunziro onse omwe akuwonetsa zotsatira zoyipa, ndipo inali ndi mawu ambiri osagwirizana ndi zomwe akunenazo. Onani kuchotsedwa kwakukulu kwa ndemanga ya Ley, et al.. Tiyeni timveke bwino, palibe kafukufuku m'modzi amene amatsutsa kukhalapo kwa chizolowezi cha zolaula . Monga momwe mungawerenge pansipa, kafukufuku wa Prause wowunikidwa pano akuwonetsa kuyankha kwakukulu pazithunzi zogonana - zomwe zimachitika pamene anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezicho akuwona zizindikiro za chizolowezi chawo chomwe amasankha.

--------------

ZOSINTHA – 2/21/14: Ndemanga yowunikidwa ndi anzawo ya Steele et al . 2013 – 'Chilakolako chachikulu', kapena 'kungokhala' chizolowezi? Yankho la Steele et al., lolembedwa ndi Donald L. Hilton, Jr., MD (2014).

--------------

ZOSINTHA – 7/12/14 : Kafukufuku watsopano wa fMRI wochokera ku Cambridge University ( Voon et al. 2014) adawunika momwe gawo la mphotho limayankhira pogwiritsa ntchito cue ndipo adapeza kuti kuyambitsa komwe kumawonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Adapezanso kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso analibe chilakolako chachikulu chogonana kuposa zowongolera. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri adakumana ndi chilakolako chogonana chochepa ndi okondedwa enieni. Kupeza kumeneku kukutsutsana ndi zomwe Steele et al. akunena kuti anthu omwe akuvutika kulamulira kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zawo amakhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu kuposa anthu ena onse (monga tafotokozera pansipa, Steele et al. sanapeze chilakolako chachikulu chogwirizana ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa ubongo). Chofunika kwambiri, kafukufuku wa Cambridge adasanthula kafukufuku wa Nicole Prause EEG ndipo adati P300 yokwera ikawonetsedwa pazithunzi zolaula ikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa chizolowezi. Monga momwe zalembedwera pansipa zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu sizinafanane ndi mitu kapena ndemanga za olemba.

--------------

ZOCHITIKA - Kumayambiriro kwa 2015: Chithunzi cha Nicole sichinagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi UCLA (kapena yunivesite ina iliyonse).

--------------

ZOSINTHA - 2015: Nicole Prause tsopano akupereka umboni wake wa "katswiri" wotsutsa "chizolowezi chogonana" . Kuchokera patsamba lake latsopano la Liberos :

Zikuoneka ngati Prause akuyesera kugulitsa ntchito zake kuti apindule ndi zomwe adanena kuti akutsutsana ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa maphunziro ake awiri a EEG ( 1 , 2 ), ngakhale kuti ndemanga zomwe anzawo adawunikanso zikunena kuti maphunziro onse awiriwa amathandizira njira yogwiritsira ntchito chizolowezi. Mwina maubwenzi apafupi ndi makampani omwe akukambidwawo angasokoneze malingaliro a wofufuza.

Kafukufuku woyamba wa EEG (pansipa), adapeza umboni wazolakwika pomwe kafukufukuyu adanenanso zowerenga za EEG zapamwamba (P300) pomwe omvera adakumana ndi zithunzi zolaula. P300 yayikulu imachitika pomwe anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo awonekera (monga zithunzi) zokhudzana ndi vuto lawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adanenanso za "cue-reactivity" yayikulu yokhudzana ndi zolaula zosafunikira kwenikweni zogonana pakati pawo. Mwachidule: Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti ubongo umalimbikitsa kwambiri zolaula komanso chilakolako chogonana (koma osati chilakolako chogonana). Osati kwenikweni zomwe mitu yankhaniyo idanena.

Kafukufuku wachiwiri wa EEG akuwoneka kuti akuyerekeza kuwerenga kwa EEG kwa anthu a 2013 (kuphatikiza zina zingapo) ndi gulu lenileni lolamulira. Ndiko kulondola, kafukufuku wa 2013 analibe gulu lolamulira. Zotsatira za 2015: Monga momwe zinalili, onse omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula komanso olamulira anali ndi kuchuluka kwa EEG powonera zithunzi za zolaula za vanila. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa olamulira kunali kwakukulu pang'ono kuposa omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula. Mwanjira ina, omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula sanasangalale ndi zithunzi zolaula. Anali opanda chidwi. Kupeza kwa Prause et al. kukugwirizana bwino ndi Kühn & Gallinat (2014) , komwe kunapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ubongo mwa ogwiritsa ntchito olemera (omwe sanali oledzera) akamaonera zithunzi zogonana.

--------------

ZOSINTHA – Pa Seputembala 15, 2016, Nicole Prause adalemba nkhani yabodza pa webusaiti ya PROLOG. “Nkhani yofalitsa nkhani” ya Prause idaukira ndikunyoza anthu angapo kuphatikiza Gary Wilson, Donald Hilton MD, senator wa boma la Utah Todd Weiler, ndi Dr. Todd Love. Izi ndi zomwe zatsala mu nkhani yofalitsa nkhani, popeza ProLog idachotsa zomwe zili mkati patatha masiku awiri chifukwa zidaphwanya mfundo zawo. Osakana, Prause adayika zomwe zili mu nkhani yofalitsa nkhani pa akaunti yake ya AmazonAWS. Apa tikuwunika ndemanga zake zokhudza wofufuza wa UCLA komanso mnzake wakale Rory Reid PhD . Chidule cha mawu a Prause:

"Katswiri wa zamaganizo" ndi "LCSW" onsewa ali ndi malamulo ovomerezedwa ndi boma la California kuti Rory Reid akugwiritsa ntchito kulengeza ntchito zake kwa odwala koma analibe. Rory Reid nayenso ananenapo zabodza kuti amapezekapo ndipo ali pa faculty ku Harvard University ndipo ndi "pulofesa wothandizira" ku UCLA. Reid analibe mphamvu pa yunivesite ya Harvard ndipo ali ndi udindo wothandizira, ku UCLA. Reid adatchulidwa kuti ndi wantchito wa nthawi zonse wa State of the State of Problem Gambling ku UCLA, choncho sizikudziwika bwino momwe Reid angaphunzire mafilimu opatsirana pogonana komanso olemba ndale za mafilimu a kugonana popanda kuphwanya mgwirizano wake.

Mbiri pang'ono pa Rory Reid ndi wakale wa UCLA wofufuza Nicole Prause ndi othandiza pano. Rory Reid wakhala katswiri wa zamaganizo pa David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA chiyambireni chisanafike Nicole Prause mwachidule stint ku UCLA chinayamba ku 2013. Malo ofufuza a Reid ndi chiwerewere komanso kutchova njuga.

Reid, monga Prause, nthawi zambiri amatsutsa kuti pali "chizolowezi chogonana." Reid adanena mu nkhani ya 2013 kuti ofesi yake inali pafupi ndi ya Prause ku UCLA. Mu 2013 Nicole Prause adalemba Rory Reid ngati membala wa "SPAN Lab" yake. Monga tafotokozera, pangano la Prause la UCLA silinakonzedwenso pomwe Reid akadali wofufuza ku UCLA. Chilichonse chomwe adachita kuti asamusangalatse, Prause tsopano akuukira mnzake wakale poyera komanso mwankhanza.

Koma pali zambiri zokhudza nkhaniyi. Miyezi ingapo m'mbuyomu, pa Disembala 5, 2014, ndemanga zingapo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi "cholengeza cha atolankhani" cha Prause (cholimbikitsa owerenga kuti anene za Rory Reid kwa akuluakulu aku California) zidatumizidwa patsamba la YourBrainRebalanced lothandizira kuchira zolaula ndi membala watsopano. Monga taonera pamwambapa, Prause adapanga chizolowezi chopereka ndemanga pa YBR pogwiritsa ntchito mayina osiyanasiyana. Ndemanga yoyamba mwa izi, yolembedwa ndi TellTheTruth, inali ndi maulalo awiri. Ulalo umodzi udapita ku PDF pa Scribd ndi umboni woti ukugwirizana ndi zomwe TellTheTruth akunena (Prause nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito mayina ena okhala ndi mawu akuluakulu 2-4 ngati mayina a ogwiritsa ntchito).

Onani nkhani yonse ndi zolemba apa: Ziwembu za Prause ndi kunyoza yemwe kale anali mnzake wa ku UCLA Rory C. Reid PhD. Zaka ziwiri zapitazo "TellTheTruth" idalemba zomwezo ndi zikalata patsamba lobwezeretsa zolaula lomwe limapezeka kwambiri ndi zidole zambiri za Prause.

--------------

ZOCHITA: 2019 - Pembedzero latha zaka zapitazi likuzunza olemba, ofufuza, othandizira, mabungwe, magazini azamaphunziro, amuna akuchira, atolankhani ndi ena omwe angayerekeze kupereka umboni wazowopsa pazogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. YBOP yalemba nsonga ya Phiri la madzi oundana patsamba lino: Kuzunzidwa Kosavomerezeka kwa Nicole Prause ndi Kuipitsa Kwa Gary Wilson & Ena (pali zochitika zambiri zomwe sitinamasulidwe, popeza omwe akuvutika ndi a Prause akuwopa kubwezeredwa). Akuwoneka osangalatsa kwambiri ndi makampani oonera zolaula, monga momwe tingawonere pa izi Chithunzi cha iye (kumanja) pamphepete wofiira wa mwambo wa mpikisano wa Critics Organization (XRCO) X-Rated (XRCO). (Malinga ndi Wikipedia the XRCO Awards amaperekedwa ndi American X-Rated Critics Organisation chaka ndi chaka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito zosangalatsa zachikulire ndipo ndizopadera zokha zotsatsa malonda zomwe zikuwonetseratu zokhazokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ogulitsa ntchito.^[1]). Zikuwonekeranso kuti Pemphero lingakhale nalo anapeza zithunzi zolaula monga maphunziro kudzera mu mafakitale ena ogulitsa zolaula, gulu Mgwirizanowu waulere. Maphunziro omwe adapezeka ndi FSC akuti amamugwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira aganyu pa wodetsedwa kwambiri ndi Kusinkhasinkha Kwambiri ” chiwembu (tsopano kufufuzidwa ndi FBI). Kuthekera kwapanganso Zosagwirizana zosagwirizana za zotsatira za maphunziro ake ndi iye njira zophunzirira. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani: Kodi Nicole Anagwiritsidwa Ntchito Polimbikitsidwa ndi Zojambula Zogonana?? ndi masamba otsatirawa:

---------------

Zosintha (Epulo, 2019): Pofuna kuletsa kutsutsa kwa YBOP, gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Nicole Prause ndi David Ley likuyesera kuba chizindikiro cha YBOP. Onani tsamba lino kuti mudziwe zambiri: Kuphwanya Malamulo Okhudza Chiwopsezo Chomwe Chimayendetsedwa ndi Otsutsa Zolaula (www.realyourbrainonporn.com) . Nicole Prause, David Ley ndi "akatswiri" ena otsutsa zolaula pa www.realyourbrainonporn.com adatumizidwa kalata yoletsa ndi kusiya . Milandu ikupitilirabe. Owerenga ayenera kudziwa kuti twitter ya RealYBOP (ndi chilolezo cha akatswiri ake) ikuchitanso zinthu zonyoza ndi kuzunza Gary Wilson , Alexander Rhodes , Gabe Deem ndi ena ambiri . Kuphatikiza apo, David Ley ndi akatswiri ena awiri a "RealYBOP" tsopano akulipidwa ndi kampani yayikulu yamalonda a zolaula xHamster kuti akweze mawebusayiti awo ( monga StripChat ) ndikutsimikizira ogwiritsa ntchito kuti chizolowezi cholaula ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi nthano!

-----------

Zosintha (Chilimwe, 2019): Pa Meyi 8, 2019 Donald Hilton, MD adapereka mlandu wonyoza dzina la kampani ya Nicole Prause & Liberos LLC (Dr. Hilton adatsutsa Steele et al. mu 2014). Pa Julayi 24, 2019 Donald Hilton adasintha mlandu wake wonyoza dzina kuti awonetse (1) madandaulo a Texas Board of Medical Examiners oyipa, (2) milandu yabodza yoti Dr. Hilton adanama za ziyeneretso zake, ndi (3) zikalata zovomerezeka kuchokera kwa anthu ena 9 omwe adazunzidwa ndi Prause ( John Adler, MD , Gary Wilson , Alexander Rhodes , Staci Sprout, LICSW , Linda Hatch, PhD , Bradley Green, PhD , Stefanie Carnes, PhD , Geoff Goodman, PhD , Laila Haddad .)

----------

Zosintha (Okutobala, 2019): Pa Okutobala 23, 2019 Alexander Rhodes (woyambitsa reddit/nofap ndi NoFap.com ) adapereka mlandu wonyoza dzina la Nicole R Prause ndi Liberos LLC . Onani bwalo lamilandu apa . Onani tsamba lino kuti mupeze zikalata zitatu za khothi loyamba zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi Rhodes: Woyambitsa NoFap Alexander Rhodes adapereka mlandu wonyoza dzina la Nicole Prause / Liberos.

-----------

Zosintha (Novembala, 2019): Pomaliza, nkhani zolondola zokhudza atolankhani: “Alex Rhodes wa Porn Addiction Support Group ‘NoFap’ Akutsutsa Katswiri Wokonda Zachiwerewere Wokonda Zolaula chifukwa cha Kunyoza” lolembedwa ndi Megan Fox wa PJ Media ndi “Nkhondo za zolaula zimakhala zachinsinsi mu No Nut November” , lolembedwa ndi Diana Davison wa The Post Millennial . Davison adapanganso kanema wa mphindi 6 wonena za machitidwe oipa a Prause: “Kodi Zolaula Zimakhala Zosokoneza?” , ndi nthawi iyi ya Prause yozunza/zonena zabodza: VSS Academic War Timeline.

----------

Zosintha (Ogasiti, 2020): Zigamulo za khothi zinavumbula Nicole Prause kuti ndiye wochita zoipa, osati wozunzidwayo . Mu Marichi 2020, Prause anafunafuna lamulo loletsa kwakanthawi (TRO) lopanda maziko motsutsana nane pogwiritsa ntchito "umboni" wopeka ndi mabodza ake achizolowezi (akundinamizira kuti ndinkamutsatira). Pempho la Prause la lamulo loletsa anadzinamiza yekha, ponena kuti ndinayika adilesi yake pa YBOP ndi Twitter ( kunama si chinthu chatsopano ndi Prause ). Ndinapereka mlandu wotsutsana ndi SLAPP motsutsana ndi Prause chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika dongosolo la zamalamulo (TRO) kuti andiletse ndikundizunza. Pa Ogasiti 6, Khothi Lalikulu la Los Angeles County linagamula kuti kuyesa kwa Prause kupeza lamulo loletsa motsutsana nane kunali "mlandu wovuta komanso wosaloledwa wotsutsana ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa anthu" (womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa "suti ya SLAPP") . Prause ananama nthawi yonse ya TRO yake yachinyengo, osapereka umboni wotsimikizika wotsimikizira zomwe ananena zachilendo kuti ndimamutsatira kapena kumuzunza. Mwachidule, Khothi linapeza kuti Prause anagwiritsa ntchito molakwika njira yoletsa kuti andinyoze kuti ndikhale chete ndikuchepetsa ufulu wake wolankhula. Malinga ndi lamulo, chigamulo cha SLAPP chimakakamiza Prause kuti alipire ndalama za loya wanga.

---------

Zosintha (Januware, 2021): Prause adapereka mlandu wina wopanda pake motsutsana nane mu Disembala, 2020 chifukwa chondinyoza. Pa mlandu womwe udachitikira pa Januware 22, 2021, khothi la ku Oregon lidagamula mokomera ine ndipo lidapereka ndalama kwa Prause ndi chilango china . Kulephera kumeneku kunali chimodzi mwa milandu khumi ndi iwiri yomwe Prause adawopseza poyera komanso/kapena adaipereka m'miyezi yapitayi. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zofalitsa nkhani zoipa, wafika poopseza milandu yeniyeni kuti ayesere kuletsa anthu omwe akuulula ubale wake wapamtima ndi makampani opanga zolaula komanso machitidwe ake oipa, kapena omwe adalumbira m'milandu itatu yonyoza yomwe ikumutsutsa pakadali pano.

-----------

KUSANTHULA KWA YBOP - Nicole Prause akuti mu atolankhani akutsutsana mwachindunji ndi zotsatira za Steele et al., 2013

Tsopano tafufuza phunziro latsopanoli, ndipo tasokonezeka kwambiri kuposa kale lonse momwe zingatsimikizire kuti kulibe zolaula pa intaneti. Uwu ndi uthenga wathu:

Olemba a phunziroli amakhulupirira kuti zomwe apeza zikuwonetsa kuti "chiwerewere" (pamenepa, kulephera kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula) kungathe kufotokozedwa ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana m'malo mochita zolaula. M'malingaliro athu, zambiri zawo sizigwirizana ndi chikhulupiriro chawo.

Kafukufukuyu: “ Chilakolako Chogonana, osati Kugonana Kwambiri, Chimakhudzana ndi Mayankho a Mitsempha ndi Thupi Ochokera ku Zithunzi Zogonana ”

Ophunzira: Maphunziro 52 adayesedwa kudzera pazotsatsa "zopempha anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto owongolera momwe amaonera zithunzi zolaula." Ophunzira (azaka zapakati pa 24) anali a kuphatikiza amuna (39) ndi akazi (13). Otsatira a 7 anali non-chiwerewere.

Zimene Anachita: Kuwerenga kwa EEG (ntchito zamagetsi pamutu) kunajambulidwa pamene ophunzirawo anaonera zithunzi 225. Zithunzi 38 zinali zogonana, ndipo zonse zinali zokhudzana ndi mkazi m'modzi ndi mwamuna m'modzi. Kuwerenga kwa EEG kumeneku (P300) kumayesa kulabadira zomwe zimayambitsa.

Ophunzirawo adamalizanso mafunso anayi: Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI), Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS), Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (SBOSBQ), ndi Pornography Consumption Effect Scale (PCES).

Cholinga: Kufunafuna mgwirizano pakati pa ma EEG reading average ndi zigoli za ophunzira pa mafunso osiyanasiyana—pa chiphunzitso chakuti mgwirizano uliwonse ungatithandize kudziwa ngati vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula limachokera ku chizolowezi kapena kungokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana kwambiri.

Zotsatira: Olemba kafukufukuyu akuti apeza mgwirizano umodzi wofunikira pakati pa deta yonse yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa:

"Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ma P300 amplitude ndi zosangalatsa zogonana, poyerekeza ndi zolimbikitsa zosalowerera ndale, kunali kogwirizana ndi miyeso ya chilakolako chogonana , koma sikunagwirizane ndi miyeso ya kugonana kopitirira muyeso."

Kumasulira: Anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha zolaula anali ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi mnzawo (koma osati chilakolako chochepa chodziseweretsa maliseche). Mwanjira ina: anthu omwe ali ndi ubongo wochita zinthu zambiri komanso zilakolako zambiri zogonana amakonda kudziseweretsa maliseche m'malo mogonana ndi munthu weniweni. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi mfundo iyi:

"Pomaliza : Kumvetsetsa kuti kugonana mopitirira muyeso ndi chilakolako chachikulu , osati kusokonezeka, kwafotokozedwa."

Eti? Kodi kuonera zolaula mopitirira muyeso komanso chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi munthu kunapangitsa bwanji kuti anthu aganize kuti kugonana mopitirira muyeso n’kofunika kwambiri? Palibe amene akudziwa, koma kusintha kwachilendo kumeneku kunali maziko a mitu yambiri. Nkhani zingapo zanenanso molakwika kuti kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula “sunkaoneka ngati” ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Steele, et al ., 2013 sananene chilichonse chonga ichi. Nthano imeneyi imachokera ku nkhani ya Nicole Prause ndi kuyankhulana kwake.

ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI:

Kuphunzira kolakwika kwa EEG kunayambika pazinthu zofalitsa monga umboni wotsutsa kuwonetsa zolaula (kapena kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo). Zoona, YBOP imatchula phunziroli ngati kuthandizira kukhalapo kwa zolaula. Chifukwa chiyani? Phunzirolo linalongosola ma eEG apamwamba mawerengedwe (P300) pamene maphunziro amapezeka ku zithunzi zolaula. P300 yapamwamba imapezeka pamene oledzera amawonekera (monga mafano) okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi chawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti zolaula zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi okwatirana. Mwachidule: Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti ubongo umagwira ntchito bwino poonera zolaula komanso chilakolako chochepa chogonana (koma osati chilakolako chochepa chogonana). Sizimene mitu yankhani inanena kapena zomwe olembawo adanena m'manyuzipepala.

N'zoonekeratu kuti ndi ochepa okha omwe adavutika kuwerenga kafukufukuyu, ndipo ambiri amagula mitu yabodza komanso zonena zosachirikizidwa. Pansipa, tikuchotsa zonena zopanda maziko ndikuwulula zomwe kafukufukuyu adapeza, komanso chifukwa chake siziyenera kufalitsidwa. Ndikupangira buku lalifupi, lomwe limafotokoza zonena zitatu zazikulu zomwe zafalitsidwa m'manyuzipepala. Buku lalitali lili ndi tsatanetsatane wambiri komanso maumboni ena ambiri.

Tsopano pali kusanthula kowunikidwa ka 8 kwa Steele et al. , 2013. Zonse zikugwirizana ndi ndemanga yotsatirayi ya YBOP . Pepala #1 laperekedwa kwa Steele et al. Mapepala 2-7 ali ndi magawo ofufuza Steele et al., 2013:

Zosintha: Mu nkhani iyi ya 2018 Gary Wilson akuulula zoona zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa maphunziro 5 okayikitsa komanso osokeretsa (kuphatikiza maphunziro awiri a Nicole Prause EEG): Kafukufuku wa Zolaula: Zoona Kapena Nkhani Yongopeka?

THE SHORT VERSION

Nicole Prause akupereka zifukwa zotsatirazi kuti zitsimikizire zonena zawo kuti "zolaula zilibe":

In Kuyankhulana kwa TV ndi mu UCLA akusindikizidwa wofufuza Nicole Prause akunena kuti ubongo wa omvera sanayankhe monga ena omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mitu yayikulu komanso kumaliza kwa kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza kuti "chiwerewere" chimamveka ngati "chikhumbo chachikulu", Komabe kafukufukuyu akuti mitu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri chikhumbo chochepa kwa kugonana.
Steele et al. 2013 imanena kuti kusowa mgwirizano Pakati pa kuwerenga kwa EEG ndi mafunso ena amatanthauza kuti zolaula sizipezeka.

Mutha kuwerenga kusanthula konse, koma nayi chiwonetsero cha 1, 2 ndi 3 pamwambapa.

KUKHULUPIRIRA NUMBER 1: Kuyankha kwaubongo kwaanthu kumasiyana ndi mitundu ina yaomwe amakhala osokoneza bongo (cocaine anali chitsanzo).

Zambiri zabodza komanso mitu yazokhudza kafukufukuyu zimadalira izi. Nayi hype:

Cholengeza munkhani :

"Ngati nawonso ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere, kapena chizolowezi chogonana, momwe ubongo wawo ungachitikire ndi ziwonetsero zakugonana zitha kuyembekezeredwa kuti zikhala zazikulu, mofananamo momwe ubongo wa omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine awonetsedwa kuti amachitapo kanthu pazithunzi za mankhwalawa m'maphunziro ena. ”

Kuyankhulana kwa pa TV:

Reporter: "Anawonetsedwa zithunzi zosiyanasiyana zolaula, ndipo ubongo wawo unayang'aniridwa."

Pembedzero: "Ngati mukuganiza kuti mavuto azakugonana ndi chizolowezi, titha kuyembekezera kuwona yankho lolimbikitsidwa, mwina, pazithunzi zogonana. Ngati mukuganiza kuti ndi vuto lofuna kutengeka mtima, tikadakhala tikuyembekeza kuwona mayankho ochepera pazithunzi zogonana. Ndipo chifukwa choti sitinawone ubale uliwonsewu zikuwonetsa kuti palibe chifukwa chothandizira kuthana ndi mavutowa ngati chizolowezi chogonana. ”

Kuyankhulana kwa Psychology Today :

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali chiyani?

Pemphero : Kafukufuku wathu adayesa ngati anthu omwe amanena za mavuto oterewa amafanana ndi anthu ena omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha momwe ubongo wawo umayankhira ku zithunzi zogonana. Kafukufuku wa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga cocaine, wasonyeza momwe ubongo umayankhira ku zithunzi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kotero tinaneneratu kuti tiyenera kuwona momwe anthu omwe amanena za mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana alili, ngati kwenikweni, anali chizolowezi.

Kodi izi zikutanthauza kugonana ndi chiwerewere ndi nthano?

Pemphero : Ngati kafukufuku wathu abwerezedwanso, zomwe zapezekazi zingakhale vuto lalikulu pa malingaliro omwe alipo kale okhudza "chizolowezi chogonana". Chifukwa chomwe zomwe zapezekazi zimabweretsera vuto ndichakuti zikuwonetsa kuti ubongo wawo sunayankhe zithunzi monga momwe ena amayankhira ku mankhwala awo osokoneza bongo.

Zonena zomwe zili pamwambapa kuti ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli "sunayankhe ngati anthu ena omwe ali ndi vutoli" sizikuthandizidwa. Kutsimikiza kumeneku sikukupezeka mu kafukufuku weniweni . Kumapezeka mu zokambirana za Prause zokha. Mu kafukufukuyu, anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli anali ndi ma EEG apamwamba (P300) akamaonera zithunzi zogonana - zomwe zimachitika pamene anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amawona zithunzi zokhudzana ndi vutoli (monga momwe zilili mu kafukufukuyu wokhudza anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ).

Poyankha pansi pa kuyankhulana kwa Psychology Today ndi Prause, pulofesa wamkulu wa zamaganizo John A. Johnson anati :

" Maganizo anga akadali odabwitsa ponena kuti ubongo wa anthu omwe amamugwiritsa ntchito sunayankhe zithunzi zogonana monga momwe ubongo wa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo umayankhira mankhwala awo, popeza iye amanena kuti zithunzi zogonana zimawerengedwa kwambiri ndi P300. Mofanana ndi anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa P300 akapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amawakonda. Kodi angaganize bwanji kuti ndi zosiyana ndi zotsatira zenizeni? Ndikuganiza kuti zitha kukhala chifukwa cha malingaliro ake - zomwe amayembekezera kupeza."

John Johnson akupitiriza kuti :

Mustanski akufunsa, "Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali chiani?" Ndipo Prause akuyankha, "Kuphunzira kwathu kunayesa ngati anthu omwe amafotokoza mavutowa [akuthetsa vuto lawo loyang'ana pa Intaneti] amaoneka ngati ena omwe amalephera kuchoka ku ubongo wawo ku zithunzi za kugonana."

Koma phunziroli silinagwirizane ndi zojambula za ubongo kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto otsogolera kuwona kwawo pa intaneti pa zochitika zapamwamba ku zojambula za ubongo kuchokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zojambula za ubongo kuchokera kwa osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe akanakhala njira yowonekeratu kuti aone ngati ubongo umayankha kuchokera ku mavuto gulu likuwoneka ngati momwe ubongo umayankhira oledzera kapena osakhala oledzera.

M'malo mwake, Pemphero limanena kuti zojambula mwawo ndi njira yabwinoko, pamene maphunziro ofufuza amakhala ngati gulu lawo lolamulira. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe awa, iwo adapeza kuti mayankho a EEG a anthu awo (monga gulu) ku zithunzi zolaula zinali zamphamvu kuposa mayankho awo a EEG kwa mafano ena. Izi zikuwonetsedwa muzithunzi zoyendetsera (ngakhale pazifukwa zina graph imasiyanasiyana kwambiri kuchokera pa galasi lenileni mu nkhani yosindikizidwa).

Kotero gulu ili lomwe limanena kuti likuvutika kuyang'anira momwe amaonera zolaula pa intaneti lili ndi mayankho amphamvu a EEG ku zithunzi zolaula kuposa mitundu ina ya zithunzi. Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amasonyeza mayankho amphamvu a EEG akapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amawakonda? Sitikudziwa. Kodi anthu wamba, omwe si oledzera, amasonyeza mayankho amphamvu ngati gulu lomwe lili ndi mavuto ku zolaula? Apanso, sitikudziwa. Sitikudziwa ngati machitidwe a EEG awa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi machitidwe a ubongo a anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli kapena omwe si oledzera.

Gulu lofufuzira la Prause likuti likuwonetsa kuwonetsa ngati mayankho okwezeka a EEG a maphunziro awo erotica ndi kuyankha kwamphamvu kwaubongo kapena kungoyankha kwamphamvu kwa ubongo pakukonzanso tsatanetsatane wamavuto omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwa mayankho a EEG. Koma kufotokozera zakusiyana mu yankho la EEG ndi funso losiyana pakuwona ngati kuyankha kwa gulu lonse kumawoneka ngati kowonjezera kapena ayi.

Zosavuta: Zonena kuti ubongo wa anthuwa umasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli zilibe chithandizo. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wa 2014 Cambridge University ( Voon et al. 2013) adasanthula Steele et al. ndipo adagwirizana ndi Johnson: Steele et al. adanenanso kuti P300 yokwera kwambiri poyankha zithunzi zogonana poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zopanda tsankho ( chithunzi 25 ). Kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa Cambridge:

"Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti zochita za dACC zimasonyeza udindo wa chilakolako chogonana, chomwe chingafanane ndi kafukufuku wa P300 mwa anthu a CSB okhudzana ndi chilakolako [25] ……Mafukufuku a P300, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira kukondera kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nikotini [54], mowa [55], ndi ma opiates [56], ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi zizindikiro za chilakolako."….. Chifukwa chake, zochita zonse za dACC mu kafukufuku wa CSB wapano ndi zochita za P300 zomwe zanenedwa mu kafukufuku wakale wa CSB zitha kuwonetsa njira zofanana ."

Ndemanga iyi ya 2015 yokhudza mabuku a neuroscience mwachidule Steele et al. (chithunzi 303):

"Ngakhale olemba awa [ 303 ] adati kafukufuku wawo adatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoledzera ku CSB, Voon et al. adati olemba awa adapereka umboni wochirikiza njira imeneyi."

KUKHULUPIRIRA NUMBER 2: Mitu yamaphunziro & kumapeto kwa kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti "chiwerewere" chimamveka ngati "chikhumbo chachikulu", Komabe kafukufukuyu akuti mitu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri chikhumbo chochepa kwa kugonana.

Chomwe simunawerenge mu zokambirana ndi nkhani ndikuti kafukufukuyu adanenanso za ubale woipa pakati pa "mafunso okhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana" ndi kuwerenga kwa P300. Mwanjira ina, kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo kwakukulu kumagwirizana ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana (koma osati chochepa chofuna kuseweretsa maliseche). Onani mawu a Prause mu kuyankhulana uku :

Kodi chofunikira chachikulu mu phunziro lanu ndi chiyani?

"Tinapeza kuti momwe ubongo umayankhira zithunzi zogonana sizinanenedweretu ndi mafunso atatu osiyanasiyana okhudza kugonana kwambiri. Kuyankha kwa ubongo kunanenedweratu ndi muyeso wa chilakolako chogonana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kugonana kwambiri sikukuwoneka kuti kukufotokoza kusiyana kwa ubongo pakuyankha kugonana kuposa kungokhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana."

Dziwani kuti Prause anati ndi " muyeso " wa chilakolako chogonana, osati ndi " zolemba zonse za chilakolako chogonana". Pamene mafunso onse 14 anawerengedwa panalibe mgwirizano, komanso palibe mutu. Chosokoneza kwambiri ndi mutu wa phunziroli womwe unagwiritsa ntchito "chilakolako chogonana" , osati zomwe zinapezeka: " kugwirizana kolakwika ndi mafunso osankhidwa okhudza kugonana kwa okwatirana kuchokera ku SDI ", koma palibe mgwirizano pamene mafunso onse a SDI anawerengedwa ".

Nayi ndemanga ya John Johnson PhD pansi pa kuyankhulana kwa Prause:

"Gulu la Prause linanena kuti mgwirizano wokhawo wofunikira kwambiri ndi yankho la EEG unali mgwirizano woipa (r=-.33) ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, panali chizolowezi chochepa cha anthu omwe ali ndi mayankho amphamvu a EEG ku zolaula kukhala ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi mnzanu. Kodi zimenezo zikunena bwanji za ngati mayankho a ubongo a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lolamulira momwe amaonera zolaula ali ofanana ndi omwe ali ndi zizolowezi kapena omwe sali osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana?"

Patatha mwezi umodzi, John A. Johnson PhD adasindikiza positi ya blog ya Psychology Today yokhudza kafukufuku wa Prause wa EEG ndi zomwe adaziona ngati tsankho mbali zonse ziwiri za nkhaniyi. Nicole Prause (monga wosadziwika) adapereka ndemanga pansi pa mlandu wodzudzula Johnson chifukwa cholumikizana ndi ndemanga iyi ya YBOP. Johnson adayankha ndi ndemanga iyi {https://www.psychologytoday.com/comment/565666#comment-565666} yomwe Prause sanayankhepo:

Ngati cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuwonetsa kuti "anthu onse" (osati omwe amangoti ndiwozolowera kugonana) amawonetsa kukwera kwa matalikidwe a P300 mukamawona zithunzi zakugonana, mukunena zowona - sindikumvetsetsa, chifukwa kafukufukuyu amangogwiritsa ntchito zongogonana osokoneza. Ngati phunziroli * likadagwiritsa ntchito gulu lofanizira osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikupeza kuti nawonso adawonetsa kukwapula kwa P300, ndiye kuti ofufuzawo akanakhala ndi mlandu podzinenera kuti ubongo wa omwe amatchedwa omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi omwe samakonda kumwa , ndiye mwina palibe kusiyana pakati pa omwe amati ndi osokoneza bongo komanso omwe siomwerekera. M'malo mwake, kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti omwe adziwonetsa okhawo adawonetsa kukwapula kwa P300 poyankha zomwe amadzinenera kuti ndi "mankhwala" (zithunzi zakugonana), monganso omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine amawonetsa kukwapula kwa P300 atapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine, zidakwa zimawonetsa P300 woperekedwa ndi mowa, ndi zina.

Ponena za kulumikizana pakati pa matalikidwe a P300 ndi zina zambiri, chiwonetsero chofunikira kwambiri chinali cholumikizira * cholakwika * ndi chikhumbo chogonana ndi mnzanu. Mwanjira ina, mphamvu ya ubongo ikamayang'ana chithunzi cha kugonana, * zochepa * zimafuna kuti munthuyo agonane ndi munthu weniweni. Izi zikumveka kwa ine ngati mbiri ya munthu yemwe amakonda kwambiri zithunzi zomwe amavutika kulumikizana ndi anthu m'moyo weniweni. Ndinganene kuti munthuyu ali ndi vuto. Kaya tikufuna kunena kuti vutoli ndi "chizolowezi" tikukambiranabe. Koma sindikuwona momwe izi zikuwonetsera kusowa kwa chizolowezi muchitsanzo ichi.

Zosavuta: Palibe mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kuwerenga kwa EEG ndi mndandanda wa mafunso 14 okhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana. Mutu wa phunziro la tsalani bwino ndi mitu yankhani. Ngakhale ngati panali mgwirizano wabwino, kunena kuti "chilakolako chachikulu" sichikugwirizana ndi "chizolowezi" n'kopanda pake. Chofunika kwambiri, kuwerenga kwa P300 kunali kogwirizana molakwika (r=-.33) ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu. Mwachidule - anthu omwe anali ndi chidwi chachikulu ndi zolaula anali ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi munthu weniweni.

Onani mndandanda uwu - Kafukufuku wochuluka amanamizira kuti kugonana & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana"

KUKHULUPIRIRA NUMBER 3: Zizolowezi zolaula sizipezeka chifukwa chosowa mgwirizano pakati pa zowerengera za 'EEG zowerengera ndi zambiri' pazakugonana.

Kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa EEG ndi mafunso kumafotokozedwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zambiri:

1) Anthu omwe adafunsidwa anali amuna ndi akazi, kuphatikizapo anthu 7 omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha , koma onse adawonetsedwa zithunzi zodziwika bwino, mwina zosasangalatsa, za amuna ndi akazi. Izi zokha sizikuchepetsa zomwe zapezeka. Chifukwa chiyani?

Kuphunzira pambuyo pa phunziro kumatsimikizira kuti amuna ndi akazi ali osiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo ku mafano kapena mafilimu ogonana.
Kafukufuku woyenera waubongo amakhala ndi mitu yofanana: kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana komweko, komanso mibadwo yofanana ndi ma IQ.
Kodi ofufuza angayesere bwanji osagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha poyesa zolaula zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha - kenako amapeza mfundo zazikulu chifukwa chosowa mgwirizano?

2) Anthu omwe adafunsidwawo sanafufuzidwe pasadakhale. Maphunziro a ubongo okhudza chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amafufuza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe alipo kale (kuvutika maganizo, OCD, zizolowezi zina, ndi zina zotero). Onani kafukufuku wa Cambridge kuti mupeze chitsanzo cha kuyezetsa bwino ndi njira zodziwira matenda.

3) Anthu omwe adakumana ndi zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza, kuyambira zovuta kwambiri mpaka zazing'ono. Mawu ochokera ku Prause:

"Kafukufukuyu amangophatikiza anthu omwe amafotokoza mavuto, kuyambira zazing'ono mpaka zovuta kwambiri, kuwongolera momwe amaonera zolaula."

Izi zokha zimatha kufotokoza zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizinagwirizane m'njira yodziwikiratu. Kafukufuku woyenera waubongo amafanizira gulu la omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi omwe si osokoneza bongo. Kafukufukuyu analibe.

4) SCS (Sexual Compulsivity Scale) si mayeso ovomerezeka oyesera chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti kapena akazi. Idapangidwa mu 1995 ndipo idapangidwa ndi cholinga chofuna kugonana kosalamulirika (pokhudzana ndi kufufuza mliri wa Edzi). SCS imati :

"Kodi chiwerengerochi chiyenera kuti chiwonetsedwe bwanji, kuti chiwerengero cha ziwalo za kugonana, chiwerengero cha zibwenzi zogonana, chizoloŵezi cha zizoloŵezi zakugonana, komanso mbiri ya matenda opatsirana pogonana"?

Komanso, wogwirizira wa SCS akuchenjeza kuti chida ichi sichidzawonetsa psychopathology kwa amayi,

"Mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika zogonana ndi zizindikiro zina za psychopathology zinkasonyeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi; Kugonana kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma inde a psychopathology mwa amuna koma osati mwa akazi. "

Monga SCS, funso lachiwiri ( CBOSB ) silili ndi mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Linapangidwa kuti lifufuze anthu omwe ali ndi "hypersexual", komanso machitidwe ogonana osalamulirika.

Zosavuta: "Kuphunzira ubongo" kovomerezeka kuyenera kukhala: 1) kukhala ndi anthu ofanana komanso owongolera, 2) kufufuza matenda ena amisala ndi zizolowezi, 3) kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso ndi mafunso ovomerezeka kuti atsimikizire kuti anthuwo ndi oledzera. Kafukufuku wa EEG pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula sanachite izi. Izi zokha zachepetsa zotsatira za kafukufukuyu.

Kufufuza kwa Steele et al., 2013 kuchokera pakuwunikanso ndikuwunikanso kwa anzawo - Katswiri wa sayansi ya zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti: Kukonzanso ndi Kukonzanso (2015)

Kafukufuku wa EEG pa anthu omwe akudandaula za mavuto omwe amawongolera kuonera kwawo zolaula pa intaneti wanena za momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito ndi zinthu zogonana [ 303 ]. Kafukufukuyu adapangidwa kuti afufuze ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa ma amplitude a ERP poonera zithunzi zamaganizo ndi zachiwerewere komanso miyeso ya mafunso okhudza kugonana kwambiri komanso chilakolako chogonana. Olembawo adatsimikiza kuti kusakhalapo kwa mgwirizano pakati pa zigoli pa mafunso okhudza kugonana kwambiri ndi ma amplitude apakati a P300 poonera zithunzi zogonana "sikuthandiza zitsanzo za matenda a hypersexuality" [ 303 ] (tsamba 10). Komabe, kusowa kwa mgwirizano kungafotokozedwe bwino ndi zolakwika zomwe zingakambidwe mu njirayo. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito gulu la anthu osiyanasiyana (amuna ndi akazi, kuphatikiza anthu 7 omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha). Kafukufuku woyerekeza momwe ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli umagwirira ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino amafuna anthu ofanana (amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, azaka zofanana) kuti akhale ndi zotsatira zabwino. Makamaka pa kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zadziwika bwino kuti amuna ndi akazi amasiyana kwambiri mu ubongo ndi momwe amayankhira pa zinthu zomwe zimawapangitsa kugonana [ 304 , 305 , 306 ]. Kuphatikiza apo, mafunso awiri ofufuza sanatsimikizidwe kwa ogwiritsa ntchito IP omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo anthu omwe adafunsidwawo sanafufuzidwe kuti awone ngati ali ndi vuto linalake la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena matenda amisala.

Komanso, mfundo yomwe yatchulidwa mu chidule, "Zomwe zimatanthauza kumvetsetsa kugonana mopitirira muyeso ngati chilakolako chachikulu, osati chosokonezeka, zikukambidwa" [ 303 ] (tsamba 1) zikuwoneka kuti sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa P300 kunali kogwirizana ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu. Monga tafotokozera mu Hilton (2014), zomwe zapezekazi "zikutsutsana mwachindunji ndi kutanthauzira kwa P300 ngati chilakolako chachikulu" [ 307 ]. Kusanthula kwa Hilton kukuwonetsanso kuti kusowa kwa gulu lolamulira komanso kulephera kwa ukadaulo wa EEG kusiyanitsa pakati pa "chilakolako chachikulu chogonana" ndi "kukakamiza kugonana" kumapangitsa kuti zomwe Steele et al. adapeza zisatanthauzidwe [ 307 ].

Pomaliza, kupeza kwakukulu kwa pepalali (kutalika kwa P300 poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zogonana, poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zosalowerera) sikunaperekedwe chidwi chachikulu mu gawo la zokambirana. Izi sizosayembekezereka, chifukwa kupeza kofala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi intaneti ndi kuchuluka kwa kutalika kwa P300 poyerekeza ndi zinthu zosalowerera pamene akuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zowoneka zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chawo [ 308 ]. Ndipotu, Voon, et al. [ 262 ] adapereka gawo la zokambirana zawo pofufuza zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku wakale wa P300. Voon et al. adapereka kufotokozera kufunika kwa P300 yomwe sinaperekedwe mu pepala la Steele, makamaka pankhani ya mitundu yodziwika bwino ya chizolowezi, pomaliza,

Chifukwa chake, zochita zonse za dACC mu kafukufuku wa CSB wapano ndi zochita za P300 zomwe zanenedwa mu kafukufuku wakale wa CSB [ 303 ] zitha kuwonetsa njira zofanana zogwirira chidwi. Mofananamo, maphunziro onsewa akuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa miyeso iyi ndi chilakolako chowonjezeka. Apa tikuwonetsa kuti zochita za dACC zimagwirizana ndi chilakolako, chomwe chingawonetse chizindikiro cha chilakolako, koma sichikugwirizana ndi kukonda kutengera chitsanzo cha zoledzeretsa. [ 262 ] (tsamba 7)

Ngakhale olemba awa [ 303 ] adanena kuti kafukufuku wawo adatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoledzera ku CSB, Voon et al. adati olemba awa adapereka umboni wochirikiza njira imeneyi.

VERSION YAKALE

Zotsatira Zikunena Chinthu Chimodzi, Pomaliza Pomaliza ndi Olemba Amatanthauza Zotsutsana

Mutu wa kafukufukuyu, pamodzi ndi mitu yambiri, umanena kuti pali ubale pakati pa "chilakolako chogonana" monga momwe zimayesedwera ndi Sexual Desire Inventory ndi EEG readings. Malinga ndi zonse zomwe tingapeze, SDI ndi mayeso a mafunso 14. Mafunso asanu ndi anayi mwa mafunso ake amakhudza chilakolako chogonana chogwirizana ("dyadic") ndi ma adilesi anayi okha ("payekha") chilakolako chogonana. Pofuna kumveketsa bwino, ubale woipa wa kafukufukuyu unapezeka ndi mafunso okhawo okhudza kugonana ochokera ku SDI. Panalibe ubale wofunikira pakati pa mawerengedwe a P300 ndi mafunso onse pa SDI. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zinatengedwa kuchokera mu chidule:

ZOKHUDZA : "Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ma P300 amplitude ndi zosangalatsa zogonana, poyerekeza ndi zolimbikitsa zosalowerera ndale, kunali kogwirizana ndi miyeso ya chilakolako chogonana , koma sikunagwirizane ndi miyeso ya hypersexuality."

Kumasulira: Anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana ndi mnzanu (ma EEG apamwamba) adapeza zochepa pa chilakolako chawo chogonana ndi mnzanu (koma osati chilakolako chawo chogonana). Mwanjira ina, chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana chikugwirizana ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana (komabe akufunabe kugonana ndi mnzanu). Komabe chiganizo chotsatiracho chimasandutsa chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi mnzanu kukhala chilakolako chachikulu chogonana :

MAWU OPEZA : Kumvetsetsa kuti kugonana mopitirira muyeso ndi chilakolako chachikulu , osati kusokonezeka, kwafotokozedwa.

Kodi Steele ndi anzake tsopano akunena kuti adapezadi kuti chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana chikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa P300 ? Koma zimenezo sizinachitike, monga momwe John Johnson PhD adafotokozera mu ndemanga iyi yowunikidwa ndi anzawo :

"Kupeza kokha kofunikira pa ziwerengero sikunena chilichonse chokhudza kuledzera. Kuphatikiza apo, kupeza kwakukulu kumeneku ndi mgwirizano woipa pakati pa P300 ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu (r=−0.33), zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa P300 kumagwirizana ndi chilakolako chotsika cha kugonana; izi zikutsutsana mwachindunji ndi kutanthauzira kwa P300 ngati chilakolako chachikulu . Palibe kufananiza ndi magulu ena omwe ali ndi zizolowezi. Palibe kufananiza ndi magulu olamulira. Zomwe ofufuza adapeza ndi kutsika kwakukulu kuchokera ku deta, zomwe sizikunena chilichonse chokhudza ngati anthu omwe amanena kuti ali ndi vuto lolamulira momwe amaonera zithunzi zogonana ali ndi kapena alibe mayankho ofanana ndi a cocaine kapena mitundu ina ya zizolowezi."

Chifukwa chiyani a John Johnson ayenera kukumbutsa olemba ndi ena onse, kuti Steel et al. anapeza "chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi wokondedwa", osati "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana"? Chifukwa ambiri a Steele et al. ndipo zofalitsa zofalitsa nkhani zimatanthauza kuti kugwiritsanso ntchito zolaula kumayenderana ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana. Mapeto omwe adatengedwa kuchokera pazolemba:

Pomaliza : Kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la kugonana mopitirira muyeso ngati chilakolako chachikulu, osati chisokonezo, kwafotokozedwa.

Koma kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la cue-reactivity lalikulu anali ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi mnzawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, mawu oti "chilakolako chogonana" abwerezedwa ka 63 mu kafukufukuyu, ndipo mutu wa kafukufukuyu (Chilakolako Chogonana, Osati Kugonana Kwambiri….) umatanthauza kuti kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo kwambiri ku zizindikiro kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana. Werengani mfundo yonse ya kafukufukuyu ndipo inunso mungaganize kuti olembawo adapeza chilakolako chachikulu chogonana m'malo mochepa:

Pomaliza, miyeso yoyamba ya kusintha kwa mitsempha ku zokopa zogonana ndi zosagonana mu chitsanzo cha mavuto omwe akuwongolera momwe amaonera zokopa zofanana sizikupereka chithandizo cha zitsanzo za hypersexuality, monga momwe zimayesedwera ndi mafunso. Makamaka, kusiyana pakati pa zenera la P300 pakati pa zokopa zogonana ndi zosalowererapo kunanenedweratu ndi chilakolako cha kugonana , koma osati ndi miyeso iliyonse (ya itatu) ya hypersexuality. Ngati chilakolako cha kugonana chimasonyeza kwambiri momwe mitsempha imayankhira ku zokopa zogonana, kuyang'anira chilakolako cha kugonana , popanda kuthana ndi zina mwa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi hypersexuality, kungakhale njira yothandiza yochepetsera malingaliro kapena machitidwe ogonana ovutitsa.

Palibe paliponse pamene timaona chilakolako chogonana chotsika . M'malo mwake timapatsidwa - " kunenedweratu ndi chilakolako chogonana" ndi "kulamulira chilakolako chogonana" ndi "kuchepetsa malingaliro kapena machitidwe ovutitsa a kugonana." Kafukufukuyu sanangopangitsa owerenga kukhulupirira kuti chizolowezi chogonana chinali chilakolako cha kugonana chokha, koma Prause adalimbikitsa meme iyi mu zokambirana zake : (onani mawuwo)

Kodi chofunikira chachikulu mu phunziro lanu ndi chiyani?

"Tinapeza kuti momwe ubongo umayankhira zithunzi zogonana sizinanenedweretu ndi mafunso atatu osiyanasiyana okhudza hypersexuality. Mayankho a ubongo amangonenedweratu ndi muyeso wa chilakolako chogonana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, hypersexuality sikukuwoneka kuti ikufotokoza kusiyana kwa ubongo pakuyankha kugonana kuposa kungokhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana. "

Pemphero linanenedwa ndi " muyeso " wa chilakolako chogonana, osati ndi "zolemba zonse za chilakolako chogonana". Mafunso onse 14 atawerengedwa panalibe mgwirizano, ndipo panalibe mutu woti usinthidwe. Pemphero limanenanso chimodzimodzi mu lipoti lake la UCLA :

"Kuyankha kwa ubongo ku zithunzi zogonana sikunanenedweratu ndi chilichonse mwa mafunso atatu ofufuza za hypersexuality," adatero. " Kuyankha kwa ubongo kunkakhudzana ndi muyeso wa chilakolako chogonana . Mwa kuyankhula kwina, hypersexuality sikukuwoneka kuti ikufotokoza momwe ubongo umayankhira ku zithunzi zogonana kupatula kungokhala ndi chilakolako cha kugonana. "

Mu mafunso onse awiriwa, akuti kuwerenga kwa P300 kwakukulu kunali kogwirizana ndi "chilakolako chapamwamba cha chilakolako cha kugonana". Aliyense m'manyuzipepala adavomereza. Poganizira zomwe zapezeka, Steele et al. ayenera kuti adatchedwa - " kusagwirizana kolakwika ndi mafunso okhudza kugonana kwa okwatirana , koma palibe mgwirizano pamene mafunso onse a SDI adawerengedwa ".

Zosavuta: Kubwerezabwereza kwa cue (kuwerenga kwa P300) kunali kosagwirizana (r=-.33) ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu. Mwachidule: chilakolako chochepa chogonana chinali chogwirizana ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa cue pa zolaula. Ponseponse, panalibe mgwirizano pakati pa kuŵerenga kwa EEG ndi mndandanda wonse wa mafunso 14 okhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana. Ngakhale ngati panali mgwirizano wabwino, kunena kuti "chilakolako chachikulu" sichikugwirizana ndi "chizolowezi" n'kopanda pake.

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kafukufukuyu ali ndi zolakwika ziwiri pokhudzana ndi SDI. Kugwira mawu phunziroli:

" SDI imayesa kuchuluka kwa chilakolako chogonana pogwiritsa ntchito sikelo ziwiri zopangidwa ndi zinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri chilichonse . "

Ndipotu, buku la Zofuna Zogonana lili ndi mafunso asanu ndi anayi ogwirizana , mafunso anayi okha , ndi funso limodzi lomwe silingagawidwe m'magulu (#14).

Cholakwika chachiwiri : Gome 2 limati chiwerengero cha mayeso a payekha ndi "3-26," koma chiwerengero cha akazi chimaposa. Ndi 26.46 - kwenikweni kuposa machati. Chinachitika ndi chiyani? Mafunso anayi okhudza kugonana okhaokha (10-13) amawonjezera chiwerengero cha "31".

Bitsulo yamafilimu, yomwe imaphatikizapo kusindikiza phunziroli, imayambira pamutu pazochitika zadongosolo la SDI. Komabe kuwerenga kulembedwa kumaphatikizapo zolakwika za SDI zokha, zomwe sizilimbikitsa anthu ochita kafukufuku.

Kulakalaka Kwakukulu Kumagwirizana Ndi Kuledzera?

Ngakhale Steele ndi anzake adanena kuti chilakolako chochepa cha kugonana pakati pa anthu okwatirana chikugwirizana ndi kusinthika kwa cue, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zomwe akunena kuti "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana" chimachokera ku chizolowezi cha zolaula. Kusaganiza bwino kwake kumaonekera bwino ngati munthu akuganiza zongoganizira zochokera ku zizolowezi zina. (Kuti mudziwe zambiri onani ndemanga iyi ya Steele ndi anzake . - Chilakolako chachikulu, kapena 'kungokhala' chizolowezi? Yankho la Steele ndi anzake ., lolembedwa ndi Donald L. Hilton, Jr., MD* .)

Mwachitsanzo, kodi lingaliro limeneli limatanthauza kuti kukhala ochepa kwambiri, osakhoza kulamulira kudya, komanso kukhala wosasangalala kwambiri ndi izi, ndi "chilakolako chofuna kudya?" Kuwonjezera apo, wina ayenera kuganiza kuti oledzera amakhala ndi chikhumbo chofuna kumwa mowa, kulondola? Mwachidule, onse oledzera amakhala ndi "chilakolako chachikulu" pa zinthu zawo zolimbitsa thupi (zomwe zimatchedwa "kulimbikitsidwa"), ngakhale pamene kusangalala kwawoko kumawonongeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ubongo (maganizo).

Akatswiri ambiri okonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amaona kuti "kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake ndi zoipa" ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha chizolowezicho. Kupatula apo, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la kugonana chifukwa cha zolaula ndipo sangathe kupita kunja kwa kompyuta yake m'chipinda chapansi cha amayi ake. Komabe, malinga ndi ofufuzawa, bola ngati akusonyeza "chilakolako chachikulu chogonana," alibe chizolowezi. Njira imeneyi imanyalanyaza zonse zomwe zimadziwika zokhudza chizolowezi, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro ndi makhalidwe omwe onse omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagawana , monga zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri, kulephera kulamulira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zilakolako, ndi zina zotero.

Kodi kafukufukuyu ndi mbali ya kafukufuku wochuluka wozikidwa pa mfundo yapadera yakuti muyeso uliwonse wa "chilakolako chachikulu," ngakhale kuti n'chokayikitsa, umapereka chitetezo ku chizolowezi? Katswiri wa zachiwerewere wa ku Canada adayesetsa kufotokoza chithunzi chomwecho mu pepala la 2010 lotchedwa, Dysregulated sexuality and high sexual desire: distinct constructs? Poona kuti anthu omwe amafuna chithandizo cha zizolowezi zogonana amanena kuti chiwerewere sichinayende bwino komanso chilakolako chachikulu, adamaliza molimba mtima kuti:

"Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza kuti kugonana kosalamulirika, monga momwe timaganizira pakadali pano, kulembedwa, ndikuyerekeza, kumatha kungokhala chizindikiritso chofuna kugonana kwambiri komanso kupsinjika komwe kumadza chifukwa chothana ndi malingaliro, malingaliro, ndi zosowa zambiri zakugonana."

Apanso, chizolowezi chogonana chimatulutsa zikhumbo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati "malingaliro azakugonana, malingaliro, ndi zosowa." Ndikungolakalaka chabe kunena kuti "chilakolako chofuna kugonana" chimathetsa kupezeka kwa chizolowezi. M'munsimu muli maphunziro omwe amatsutsa mwachindunji "zolaula ndizolakalaka kwambiri":

Kugonana kwa pa Intaneti: Kuchita zachiwerewere nthawi zambiri poona zolaula osati zogonana zenizeni zimapangitsa kusiyana (2013)

Ndemanga: "Komanso, zinawonetsedwa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti omwe ali ndi vuto amanena kuti chilakolako chawo chachikulu cha kugonana ndi chilakolako chawo chimakula chifukwa cha kuwonetsedwa kwa zithunzi zolaula. Mu maphunziro onse awiri, chiwerengero ndi khalidwe la kugonana kwenikweni sizinagwirizane ndi chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti."

Kapangidwe ka Ubongo ndi Kulumikizana Kogwira Ntchito Kogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Ubongo pa Zolaula (2014).

Kufufuza kwa fMRI kunapeza kuti maola apamwamba pa sabata / zaka zambiri zolaula zikuwoneka zosiyana ndi zochitika zochepa za ubongo zikapezeka pa zithunzi zolaula za vanilla. Ofufuzawo anati:

"Izi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti kuwonetsedwa kwambiri ndi zolaula kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu yachilengedwe ya mitsempha ku chilakolako chogonana ."

Kühn ndi Gallinat adanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumagwirizana ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamasangalale komanso kusokoneza ma circuits omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kulamulira kwa impulse. Munkhaniyi, wofufuza Simone Kühn anati:

"Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti kuonera zolaula nthaŵi zonse kumatulutsa mphoto yanu."

Kühn akuti mabuku omwe alipo, asayansi amasonyeza kuti ogulitsa zithunzi zolaula amafufuza zinthu zatsopano ndi maseŵera oopsa kwambiri.

"Izo zikanakwanira mwangwiro lingaliro lakuti machitidwe awo opindula amayenera kukulirakulira."

Mwachidule, amuna omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula angafunikire kulimbikitsa kwambiri magulu omvera omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi ogula, ndipo zithunzi zojambula zolaula sizingatheke kulembetsa monga zosangalatsa zonse. Zosasangalatsa kwenikweni, zimakhala zochepa, ndipo zimachepetsa kuwerenga kwa EEG. Mapeto a nkhani.

Neural Correlates of Reactivity Cac Reactivity Mwa Anthu omwe ali ndi popanda popanda chilakolako chogonana (2014)

Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakhala ndi ubongo wofanana ndi omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ofufuzawo ananenanso kuti maphunziro a 60% (azaka zapakati: 25) anali ndi zovuta kukwaniritsa zosokoneza / kudzutsa ndi anzawo enieni, komabe amatha kukwaniritsa zolaula. Izi zikuwonetseratu kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amangokhala ndi chilakolako chogonana kuposa omwe sagwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

Nchifukwa chiyani palibe mgwirizano pakati pa mafunso ndi mayankho a EEG?

Mfundo yaikulu ya Steele et al ndi yakuti kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa maphunziro a EEG readings (P300) ndi mafunso ena kumatanthauza kuti palibe chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula. Zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale mgwirizano:

Ofufuzawa anasankha nkhani zosiyana (amayi, amuna, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, osagonana amuna okhaokha), koma anawawonetsa onse zithunzi zovomerezeka, zosakondweretsa, zachikazi. Mwachidule, zotsatira za phunziroli zimadalira kuti amuna, akazi, ndi amuna omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sali osiyana poyankhidwa ndi zithunzi zachiwerewere. Izi siziri choncho (pansipa).
Mafunso awiriwa Steele et al. kudalira maphunziro onse a EEG kuti aone "zolaula" sizitsimikiziridwa kuti ziwonetse zolaula / kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Mu nyuzipepala, Pemphero linanena mobwerezabwereza za kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa ziwerengero za EEG ndi mamba a "hypersexuality", koma palibe chifukwa choyembekezera mgwirizano mu zolaula.

Kusiyanasiyana Kosavomerezeka kwa Anthu Oyesedwa: Ofufuzawo adasankha anthu osiyanasiyana (akazi, amuna, akazi kapena amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha), koma adawawonetsa onse zithunzi zolaula za amuna ndi akazi zomwe sizili zosangalatsa. Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa zimaphwanya njira yokhazikika yophunzirira za zizolowezi, momwe ofufuza amasankha anthu ofanana malinga ndi zaka, jenda, momwe amaonera zinthu, ngakhale ma IQ ofanana ( kuphatikiza gulu lolamulira lofanana) kuti apewe kusokonekera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kotereku. Ndipotu, kusanthula kwathunthu kwa zomwe zimachitika mu kafukufuku wa zizolowezi kunanena za kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi:

"Kugonana kumawoneka kuti kumakhudza kuyambiranso kwa mitsempha. Chifukwa chake kuyanjananso kwamayiko awiri ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'magulu am'magazi ndi thupi lokhalokha kumangopezeka mwa odwala omwe amadalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyankha kwamayiko awiri pakukakamira pazinthu zachilengedwe kumawoneka ngati malo ogulitsira amtundu wina wamwamuna, pomwe kuyambitsa magwiridwe antchito am'mbali yam'malo mwake ndichinthu chodziwikiranso chachikazi. Zotsatira zakusanthula kwa chidwi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi jenda pakukonzanso kwa neuronal cue. ”

Izi ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa maphunziro ngati awa, omwe amayeza kuti amaukakamiza zogonana, monga momwe kafukufuku amatsimikizira kuti abambo ndi amai ali osiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo ku mafano kapena mafilimu ogonana. Cholakwika ichi chokha chimalongosola kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa zolemba za EEG ndi mafunso. Kafukufuku wammbuyo amatsimikizira kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi poyankha zogonana. Onani, mwachitsanzo:

Kodi tingatsimikize kuti munthu amene sali ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali ndi chilakolako chofanana ndi cha mwamuna amene ali ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha? Ayi, ndipo kulowetsedwa kwake kungasokoneze ma EEG average omwe amapangitsa kuti ubale wake ukhale wosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, onani, ma neural circuits onyansidwa ndi chilakolako chogonana mwa amuna ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha: kafukufuku wa fMRI.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, Prause mwiniwake adanena mu phunziro lapitalo (2012) kuti anthu amasiyana kwambiri poyankha zithunzi zogonana:

"Mafilimu omwe ali pachiwopsezo amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kusiyana komwe kulipo chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa (Rupp & Wallen, 2007), zokonda zazomwe zili (Janssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2009) kapena mbiri yazachipatala yomwe imapanga magawo ena achisangalalo ( Wouda et al., 1998). "

"Komabe, anthu amasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana pamawonekedwe omwe akuwonetsa kukopeka ndi kugonana kwa iwo (Graham, Sanders, Milhausen, & McBride, 2004)."

Mu phunziro la Prause lomwe linafalitsidwa milungu ingapo isanafike iyi anati:

"Kafukufuku wambiri wogwiritsa ntchito International Affective Picture System (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1999) amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi mu zitsanzo zawo."

Mwinamwake Pembedzero iyenera kuwerenga mawu ake kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake mawerengedwe ake a EEG omwe alipo tsopano ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu koyenera kuyembekezera ndi magulu osiyanasiyana okhudza kugonana.

Mafunso Osafunikira: SCS ( Sexual Compulsivity Scale ) singathe kuwunika chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti. Idapangidwa mu 1995 ndipo idapangidwa ndi malingaliro okhudza kugonana kosalamulirika ( pokhudzana ndi kufufuza mliri wa Edzi). SCS imati :

"Kodi chiwerengerochi chiyenera kuti chiwonetsedwe bwanji, kuti chiwerengero cha ziwalo za kugonana, chiwerengero cha zibwenzi zogonana, chizoloŵezi cha zizoloŵezi zakugonana, komanso mbiri ya matenda opatsirana pogonana"?

Kuphatikiza apo, wopanga SCS akuchenjeza kuti chida ichi sichikuwonetsa psychopathology mwa akazi:

"Kugwirizana pakati pa zigoli za kukakamizidwa kugonana ndi zizindikiro zina za matenda amisala kunawonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi; kukakamizidwa kugonana kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro za matenda amisala mwa amuna koma osati mwa akazi. "

Kuphatikiza apo, SCS imaphatikizapo mafunso okhudzana ndi okondedwa omwe anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula pa intaneti angapeze mayankho osiyana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana, chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha zolaula pa intaneti kuposa kugonana kwenikweni.

Monga SCS, funso lachiwiri la hypersexuality, Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Sexual Behavior Scale ( CBOSB, McBride, Reece, & Sanders, 2007 ) ilibe mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Linapangidwa kuti liwonetse anthu omwe ali ndi "hypersexual", komanso machitidwe ogonana osalamulirika - osati kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu zolaula pa intaneti.

Mafunso ena omwe ofufuza adapereka ndi PCES (Pornography Consumption Effect Scale), yomwe yatchedwa " maloto oipa amisala ," ndipo palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti ingasonyeze chilichonse chokhudza chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti kapena chizolowezi chogonana.

Chifukwa chake, kusowa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa kuwerengera kwa EEG ndi mafunso awa sikungathandizire pazomaliza za kafukufukuyo kapena zonena za wolemba.

Palibe Kuwunika Pasadakhale : Anthu omwe Prause adawafufuza sanawunikidwe pasadakhale. Maphunziro a ubongo okhudza chizolowezi chovomerezeka amawunika anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe alipo kale (kuvutika maganizo, OCD, zizolowezi zina, ndi zina zotero). Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ofufuza odalirika angafikire mfundo zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi. Onani kafukufuku wa Cambridge kuti mupeze chitsanzo cha kuwunika koyenera ndi njira.

Anthu omwe adafunsidwa za Prause sanafufuzidwenso kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi vuto la chizolowezi chogonana. Njira yodziwika bwino yophunzirira za chizolowezi chogonana ndi kuyesa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chizolowezi chogonana kuti ayerekezere omwe ali ndi vuto la chizolowezi chogonana ndi omwe sanatero. Ofufuzawa sanachite izi, ngakhale kuti pali mayeso okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti . M'malo mwake, ofufuza adapereka Mulingo Wokakamiza Kugonana pambuyo poti ophunzirawo asankhidwa kale. Monga tafotokozera, SCS siyovomerezeka pa chizolowezi chogonana kapena kwa akazi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Zosiyanasiyana Kwa Anthu Osiyanasiyana : Steele ndi anzake akuvomereza kuti kusankha kwawo zithunzi zolaula "zosakwanira" kungasinthe zotsatira zake. Ngakhale pakakhala zinthu zabwino, kusankha zithunzi zolaula zoyeserera n'kovuta, chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (makamaka omwe ali ndi zizolowezi) nthawi zambiri amakula chifukwa cha zokonda zawo zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri amanena kuti alibe chidwi chogonana ndi mitundu ya zolaula zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zolaula zawo - kuphatikizapo mitundu yomwe adapeza kuti imakopa chidwi kwambiri pantchito zawo zowonera zolaula. Mwachitsanzo, zolaula zambiri zamasiku ano zimadyedwa kudzera m'mavidiyo apamwamba, ndipo zithunzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano sizingabweretse yankho lomwelo.

Motero, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zodziwika bwino kungakhudze zotsatira zake. Ngati wokonda zolaula akuyembekezera kuonera zolaula, zochitika zopezera mphoto zimawonjezeka. Komabe ngati zolaulazo zikupezeka kuti ndi zithunzi zosasangalatsa za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mtundu wake wamakono kapena zithunzi zomwe zili m'malo mwa makanema apamwamba a fetish, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo angakhale ndi yankho lochepa kapena ayi, kapena ngakhale kudana . "Chinali chiyani chimenecho ?"

Izi ndizofanana ndi kuyesa kuyambiranso kwa gulu la omwe amakonda kudya mwa kupatsa aliyense chakudya chimodzi: mbatata zophika. Ngati wophunzira sakonda mbatata zophika, sayenera kukhala ndi vuto lodya mopambanitsa, sichoncho?

Kuledzera koyenera "kuphunzira kwamaubongo" kuyenera: 1) kukhala ndimitu yofananira ndikuwongolera, 2) kuwunika zovuta zina zamaganizidwe ndi zina, ndi 3) kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso ovomerezeka ndi kuyankhulana kuti mutsimikizire kuti anthuwo ndi osokoneza bongo. Steele et al. sanachite chilichonse cha izi, komabe anapeza mfundo zazikulu ndikuzifalitsa.

Palibe Gulu Lolamulira, Komabe Zofunikirako Zidayenera Mmodzi

Ofufuzawo sanafufuze gulu lolamulira la osagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Izi sizinaimitse olembawo kuti anene pazofalitsa zomwe zimafunikira kuyerekezera kwamagulu. Mwachitsanzo:

Chilengezo cha atolankhani cha UCLA :

"Ngati nawonso ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere, kapena chizolowezi chogonana, momwe ubongo wawo ungachitikire ndi ziwonetsero zakugonana zitha kuyembekezeredwa kuti zikhala zazikulu, mofananamo momwe ubongo wa omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine awonetsedwa kuti amachitapo kanthu pazithunzi za mankhwalawa m'maphunziro ena. ”

Kuyankhulana kwa pa TV:

Mtolankhani: “Anaonetsedwa zithunzi zosiyanasiyana zogonana, ndipo ubongo wawo unayang'aniridwa.”

Pemphero : "Ngati mukuganiza kuti mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chizolowezi, tikanayembekezera kuwona yankho lowonjezereka , mwina, ku zithunzi zogonanazo. Ngati mukuganiza kuti ndi vuto la kusachita zinthu mwachangu, tikanayembekezera kuwona kuchepa kwa mayankho ku zithunzi zogonanazo. Ndipo mfundo yakuti sitinawone maubwenzi amenewo ikusonyeza kuti palibe chithandizo chabwino chowona machitidwe ovuta ogonana ngati chizolowezi."

Zoona zake n'zakuti, Steele ndi anzake adanena kuti zithunzi zolaula zinali ndi ma P300 ambiri kuposa zithunzi zopanda tsankho. Izi ndi " yankho lowonjezera ". Poyankha pansi pa kuyankhulana kwa Psychology Today ndi Prause, pulofesa wa sayansi ya zamaganizo John A. Johnson anati :

"Maganizo anga akupitilizabe kunena za a Pembedzero kuti ubongo wa anthu ake sunayankhe pazithunzi zachiwerewere monga bongo la omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalabadira mankhwala awo, atapatsidwa lipoti lokwanira P300 pazithunzi zachiwerewere. Monga oledzera omwe amawonetsa ma P300 spikes akaperekedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amasankha. Kodi angapeze bwanji lingaliro lomwe lili losiyana ndi zotsatira zake zenizeni? Ndikuganiza kuti zitha kuchitika m'maganizo ake-zomwe amayembekeza kuti apeza. "

Mwachidule, zomwe Prause analengeza molimbika mu zokambirana zake zambiri zosiyidwa sizitsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira. Chidziwitso china kuchokera ku zoyankhulana chomwe chinafuna gulu lolamulira:

Mustanski : Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali chiyani?

Pemphero: Kafukufuku wathu adayesa ngati anthu omwe amanena za mavuto oterewa amaoneka ngati anthu ena omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha momwe ubongo wawo umayankhira ku zithunzi zogonana. Kafukufuku wa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga cocaine, wasonyeza momwe ubongo umayankhira ku zithunzi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kotero tinaneneratu kuti tiyenera kuwona momwe anthu omwe amanena za mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana alili, ngati kwenikweni, anali chizolowezi.

Pemphero la Prause kwa Mustanski likuwonetsa kuti kafukufuku wake adapangidwa kuti awone ngati kuyankha kwamaubongo pazithunzi zogonana kwa anthu omwe amafotokoza zovuta zogonana kunali kofanana ndi kuyankha kwaubongo kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo akakumana ndi zithunzi za mankhwala omwe adawaledzera.

Komabe, kuwerenga kafukufuku wa cocaine amene akutchula ( Dunning, et al., 2011 ) kukusonyeza kuti kapangidwe ka Steele et al. kanali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kafukufuku wa Dunning, ndipo Steele et al. sanayang'anenso mtundu wa mayankho a ubongo omwe adalembedwa mu kafukufuku wa Dunning.

Phunziro la Dunning linagwiritsa ntchito magulu atatu: 27 osagwiritsa ntchito cocaine ogwiritsa ntchito, 28 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito cocaine, ndi 29 osagwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro. Steele et al. amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chokha cha anthu: omwe amafotokoza mavuto omwe amachititsa kuona kwawo zogonana. Ngakhale kuti maphunziro a Dunning anatha kufanizitsa zomwe zimachititsa kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine akhale oyenera
Kuwongolera, kufufuza kwapemphero sikukufanizitsa zotsatira za chitsanzo chovutitsa ndi gulu lolamulira.

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Kafukufuku wa Dunning anayerekezera zochitika zosiyanasiyana zochitika zokhudzana ndi chochitika (ERPs) mu ubongo, chifukwa kafukufuku wakale anali atasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu m'malingaliro a maganizo omwe amasonyeza mu ERPs. Phunziro la Dunning lija linadziyeza mofulumira kumbuyo kwa kusayanjanitsika (EPN), kulingalira kusonyeza chidwi cham'mbuyomu, ndi luso labwino (LPP), kulingalira kuti likuwonetseratu kukonzanso kwa mfundo zofunikira. Phunziro la Dunning linapitiriza kusiyanitsa zoyambirirazo
chigawo cha LPP, kuganiziridwa kuti chiyimire chidwi choyambako, kuchokera ku chigawo china cha LPP, chomwe chikulingalira kuti chikuwonetseratu. Kusiyanitsa ma ERP osiyanawa ndikofunikira chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa anthu osadziletsa, ogwiritsira ntchito, ndi osagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe akudalira kuti ERP inali kuyesedwa.

Mosiyana, Steele et al. ankayang'ana pa ERP yotchedwa P300, yomwe Dunning ikufanizira kuwindo loyambirira la LPP. Mwa kuvomereza kwawo, Pemphero ndi anzake akumuuza kuti izi sizinali njira yabwino kwambiri:

"Chinthu china chotheka n'chakuti P300 si malo abwino kwambiri odziwira ubale ndi zinthu zolimbikitsa kugonana. LPP yomwe yachedwa pang'ono ikuwoneka kuti ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi chilimbikitso. "

Chotsatira chake n'chakuti Steele ndi anzake sanafufuze ngati mayankho a ubongo a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana "anasonyeza momwe amachitira zinthu " monga momwe mayankho a anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amasonyezera. Sanagwiritse ntchito zinthu zomwezo za ERP zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufuku wa cocaine ndipo sanagwiritse ntchito gulu loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso gulu lolamulira, kotero sakanayenera kuyerekeza zotsatira zawo ndi kafukufuku wa Dunning ponena kuti kufananizako kunali "maapulo ndi maapulo."

Zofooka za EEG Technology

Pomaliza, ukadaulo wa EEG sungayese zotsatira zomwe ofufuzawo akunena kuti ukhoza. Ngakhale ofufuzawo akuumirira kuti, " Kuyankha kwa mitsempha ku zolimbikitsa kugonana mu chitsanzo cha anthu okonda kugonana kwambiri kungasiyanitse mafotokozedwe awiriwa otsutsana a zizindikiro [umboni wa kuledzera motsutsana ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana], " kwenikweni sizingatheke kuti EEG ingachite izi konse. Ngakhale ukadaulo wa EEG wakhalapo kwa zaka 100, mkangano ukupitirirabe pa zomwe zimayambitsa mafunde a ubongo, kapena zomwe ma EEG amatanthauza kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za zoyeserera zitha kutanthauziridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Onani Brainwashed: The Seductive Appeal of Mindless Neuroscience kuti mukambirane momwe EEG ingagwiritsidwire ntchito molakwika kuti mupeze mfundo zopanda maziko.

Ma EEG amayesa ntchito zamagetsi kunja kwa chigaza, ndipo ofufuza za chizolowezi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma EEG amafufuza zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri za mbali zinazake za chizolowezi. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku waposachedwa wa EEG pa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti akuwonetsa momwe asayansi odziwa bwino za chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti amachitira zoyeserera zotere. Dziwani kuti ofufuza amasiyanitsa mbali zochepa za ntchito ya ubongo, monga kutengeka maganizo, ndikupewa zonena zambiri za mtundu womwe waperekedwa pano ndi SPAN Lab. Onaninso gulu lowongolera ndi kufufuza pasadakhale za chizolowezi, zonse ziwiri zomwe sizikupezeka mu SPAN Lab iyi.

Mwinanso olembawo sakudziwa kuti ukadaulo walephera kusiyanitsa pakati pazidziwitso zomwe zikuphatikizana:

"P300 [muyeso wa EEG] amadziwika bwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyambiranso kwa neural pakukhudzidwa, nthawi zina zogonana, zowonera. Chovuta pakulemba gawo lalikulu, lochedwa ERP ndichikhalidwe chazinthu zodziwikiratu zomwe zimayambitsa gawo loterolo. Mu lipoti laposachedwa, P300 itha kukhala, ndipo mwina, ndikuwonetsa njira zingapo zamaganizidwe zomwe zikuchitika. ”

Musadandaule kuti, malinga ndi kuvomereza kwawo, P300 mwina si chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa kafukufuku wa ERP wamtunduwu. Musadandaule kuti kuchita kusanthula kwa ziwerengero ndi zigoli zosiyana kwadziwika kuti ndi vuto kwa zaka zoposa 50, kotero kuti tsopano njira zina m'malo mwa zigoli zosiyana nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (onani http://public.kenan-flagler.unc.edu/faculty/edwardsj/Edwards2001b.pdf ). Musadandaule kuti sitikudziwa kwenikweni zomwe kutalika kwa P300 kuzithunzi zinazake poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zopanda tsankho kumatanthauza kwenikweni. P300 imaphatikizapo kusamala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira chamalingaliro, koma monga momwe Prause ndi anzake akuvomerezera, sakanatha kuneneratu ngati P300 poyankha zithunzi zogonana ingakhale yokwera kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chachikulu chogonana (chifukwa amamva kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi zochitika zogonana) kapena ngati P300 idzakhala yopanda kanthu (chifukwa anali ndi chizolowezi chowonera zithunzi zogonana).

Ndipo sizingathe kufotokoza pakati pa chidwi chachikulu (P300 yapamwamba) yoyambitsidwa ndi chilakolako chogonana, kapena chidwi chachikulu choyambitsidwa ndi malingaliro oipa amphamvu , monga kunyansidwa. Komanso ukadaulo wa EEG sungafotokoze pakati pa kuwerenga kwapamwamba kwa P300 kochokera ku chilakolako chogonana motsutsana ndi kudabwa/kudabwa. Komanso ukadaulo wa EEG sungatiuze ngati njira yopezera mphotho ya ubongo idayambitsidwa kapena ayi.

Pali vuto lalikulu apa: Steele ndi anzake akuwoneka kuti akufuna kuonera zithunzi zogonana—kuti mayankho a EEG amachokera ku chilakolako chogonana kapena vuto la chizolowezi—ngati kuti chilakolako chingalekanitsidwe kwathunthu ndi mavuto a chizolowezi. Kodi pali amene anganene kuti mayankho a EEG mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la cocaine kapena omwe ali ndi vuto la chizolowezi angakhale chifukwa cha chilakolako chawo cha chizolowezi kapena vuto lawo la chizolowezi?

Zinthu zina zitha kukopa kuwerengera kwa EEG. Bwanji ngati chithunzi chikugwirizana ndi mtundu womwe mumakonda, koma zolaula zimakukumbutsani za munthu yemwe simumamukonda / mumamuopa / sasamala kuti awone wamaliseche. Ubongo wanu umakhala ndi mayanjano otsutsana pazotere. Mikangano iyi itha kukhala yovuta kwambiri pankhani yazithunzi kuposa momwe zimachitikira, titi, zowonera za cocaine za ufa ndi mphuno (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa omwe amamwa mankhwala a cocaine).

Mfundo ndi yakuti maubwenzi angapo ndi zovuta monga zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugonana zikhoza kusokoneza kuwerenga kwa EEG.

Komanso, Steele ndi anzake ankaganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa EEG kumasonyeza kuti chilakolako chogonana chimakhala chachikulu, koma kuchuluka kwa EEG kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli kunali paliponse. Kodi izi ndichifukwa chakuti ena mwa iwo anali osokoneza bongo ndipo ena sanali? Kapena kuonera zolaula zomwe zinawaletsa kuonera zolaula. Zinthu zambiri zingakhudze kuwerenga kwa P300. Taganizirani izi, kuchokera ku kafukufuku wina wa P300 :

Ngakhale kufunika kwa ntchito ya P300 kukukambidwabe ¹^{, 2} , kukula kwake kumasonyeza kugawidwa kwa zinthu zowunikira zoyambitsa…. Kuchepa kwa kukula kwa P300 kwanenedwa m'matenda ambiri amisala, kuphatikizapo schizophrenia ⁴ , kuvutika maganizo ⁵ , ndi uchidakwa ⁶.

Mwachidule, lingaliro la wolemba kuti ubongo wa omwe ali osokoneza bongo udzawonetsa umboni wosokoneza kapena umboni wa "chilakolako chofuna kugonana" sichidziwika. Komabe cholembedwacho chimapangitsa owerenga kuganiza kuti zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zitiwonetsa kuti achiwerewerewa akuwonetsa (1) umboni wosokoneza bongo (2) mgwirizano wabwino ndi "chilakolako chofuna kugonana." Ndipo mutu wa kafukufukuyu kenako umalengeza molakwika "chilakolako chogonana" wopambana.

Zimayesedwa ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere

Vuto lina pamapangidwe a kafukufukuyu ndikuti SPAN Lab imasokoneza machitidwe okhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo ndi chizolowezi (machitidwe). Phunziroli, ofufuzawo akuti kuwonera zolaula ndichizindikiro, osati mosiyana ndi chidakwa chomwe chimayang'ana chithunzi cha botolo la vodka, ndikuti kuseweretsa maliseche ndichizolowezi choledzeretsa. Izi sizolondola.

Kuonera zolaula, zomwe ofufuza adapempha anthuwa kuti achite, ndi chinthu chomwe chimawapangitsa kukhala okonda zolaula pa intaneti. Anthu ambiri amaonera zolaula ngakhale pamene kudziseweretsa maliseche sikuli njira ina (monga kukwera basi, pa kompyuta ya laibulale, kuntchito, m'zipinda zodikirira, ndi zina zotero). Kuonera zolaula kuti asangalale ndi khalidwe lawo losalamulirika.

Mosiyana ndi izi, zowona zenizeni za anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zitha kukhala monga kuwona zikwangwani zamalo omwe amakonda kwambiri zolaula, kumva mawu kapena kuwona chithunzi chomwe chimawakumbutsa za zolaula zawo zomwe amakonda kapena nyenyezi zolaula, mwayi wapaintaneti wambiri, ndi zina zambiri. Kunena zowona, kuwona chithunzi chomwe chimatanthauzira feteleza kumatha kukhala ngati chinsinsi kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto lokonda zolaula, koma apa ofufuza adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, osati zolaula zogwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda.

Kuganiza kuti kafukufukuyu "ali ngati" kafukufuku wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zambiri zomwe Steele et al. amaganiza. Kumbukirani kuti chithunzi cha tebulo la blackjack si kutchova juga; chithunzi cha mbale ya ayisikilimu si kudya. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuonera zolaula ndi chinthu chomwe chimachititsa kuti munthu azivutika maganizo. Palibe amene akudziwa kuti kuwerenga kwa EEG kuyenera kukhala kotani kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula omwe amachita zinthu zosokoneza bongo.

Pokambirana zotsatira zawo chifukwa chofufuza zenizeni zokhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo, ofufuzawo akutanthauza kuti akuyerekeza "maapulo ndi maapulo." Iwo sali. Choyamba, maphunziro ena osokoneza bongo Steele et al. amatchulapo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zizolowezi zolaula sizivuta kuyesa mu labu pazifukwa zomwe zafotokozedwa kale. Chachiwiri, mamangidwe a Steele et al. Ndizosiyana kotheratu ndi maphunziro omwe amatchulidwa (palibe magulu owongolera, ndi zina zambiri).

Kafukufuku wamtsogolo pazachidziwikire-kuchitanso zolaula kapena makanema olaula ayenera kukhala osamala potanthauzira zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwa kuyankha kwaubongo kumatha kuwonetsa kukhumudwa kapena chizolowezi, m'malo mongokhala "osakonda".

Kutsiliza

Choyamba, munthu akhoza kupanga mtsutsano wamphamvu kuti phunziro ili silinayambe lafalitsidwa. Mitu yake yosiyanasiyana, mafunso omwe sangakwanitse kuyesa kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti, kusowa kuyang'ana kusemphana, komanso kusowa kwa gulu lotsogolera kunayambitsa zotsatira zosadalirika.

Chachiwiri, mgwirizano wokhawokha - chilakolako chochepa cha kugonana ndi anthu okwatirana omwe ali ndi P300 yokwera - chimasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumabweretsa chilakolako chachikulu cha cue-reactivity (zilakolako zolaula), koma chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi munthu weniweni. Mwachidule: Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri ankafuna zolaula, koma chilakolako chawo chogonana kwenikweni chinali chochepa kuposa omwe sanawonere zambiri. Sizimene mitu yankhani inanena kapena zomwe olembawo adanena m'manyuzipepala (kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri kumagwirizana ndi chilakolako chachikulu "chilakolako chogonana").

Chachitatu, kupeza "zachilengedwe" kwa P300 yapamwamba mukaonera zolaula kumasonyeza kukhudzidwa (kuchuluka kwa kuyanjana ndi zolaula), komwe ndi njira yoledzera.

Pomaliza, tili ndi olemba akunenetsa atolankhani omwe ali zaka zopepuka kutali ndi zidziwitso. Kuchokera pamitu yankhani, zikuwoneka kuti atolankhani adagula sapota. Izi zikuloza mkhalidwe wofooka wa utolankhani wasayansi. Olemba mabulogu asayansi komanso malo ogulitsira nkhani amangobwereza zomwe adadyetsedwa. Palibe amene atolankhani adawerenga phunziroli, adafufuza zowona, kapena adafunsa lingaliro lachiwiri kuchokera kwa asayansi omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo. Ngati mukufuna kulimbikitsa pulogalamu inayake, zonse muyenera kuchita ndikupanga njira yanzeru yofalitsa. Zilibe kanthu zomwe kafukufuku wanu adazipeza, kapena kuti njira zanu zolakwika zimangopanga saladi yosokonekera.

Onaninso zotsatizana za phunziro lomwelo:

Mofanana ndi Steele et al, kafukufuku wachiwiri wa SPAN Lab wochokera mu 2013 adapeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zowongolera ndi "okonda zolaula" - " Palibe Umboni wa Kusokonezeka kwa Maganizo mu "Okonda Zachiwerewere" Kufotokoza Zakukhosi Kwawo ku Filimu Yogonana (2013) ." Monga tafotokozera mu ndemanga iyi , mutuwo umabisa zomwe zapezeka. Ndipotu, "okonda zolaula" anali ndi mayankho ochepa amalingaliro poyerekeza ndi olamulira. Izi sizosadabwitsa chifukwa anthu ambiri omwe amakonda zolaula amanena kuti ali ndi malingaliro ndi malingaliro ofooka. Olembawo adalungamitsa mutuwo ponena kuti amayembekezera "kuyankha kwakukulu kwamalingaliro", koma sanapereke ndemanga pa "chiyembekezo" chokayikitsa ichi. Mutu wolondola kwambiri ukanakhala: " Omwe akuvutika kulamulira kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zawo sawonetsa kuyankha kochepa kwamalingaliro ku mafilimu ogonana ". Anali opanda chidwi

Kutsutsa kwazomwe zimazungulira Steele et al., 2013 ("Chilakolako chogonana, osati chiwerewere, chimakhudzana ndi mayankho a Neurophysiological Yoyankhidwa ndi Zithunzi Zogonana")

Mukhoza kudumpha mbiri ndi pitani mwachindunji kusanthula kwathu.

POYAMBA ZA JULY, 2013 CRITIC

KUSANTHULA KWA YBOP - Nicole Prause akuti mu atolankhani akutsutsana mwachindunji ndi zotsatira za Steele et al., 2013

ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI:

THE SHORT VERSION

KUKHULUPIRIRA NUMBER 1: Kuyankha kwaubongo kwaanthu kumasiyana ndi mitundu ina yaomwe amakhala osokoneza bongo (cocaine anali chitsanzo).

KUKHULUPIRIRA NUMBER 2: Mitu yamaphunziro & kumapeto kwa kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti "chiwerewere" chimamveka ngati "chikhumbo chachikulu", Komabe kafukufukuyu akuti mitu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri chikhumbo chochepa kwa kugonana.

KUKHULUPIRIRA NUMBER 3: Zizolowezi zolaula sizipezeka chifukwa chosowa mgwirizano pakati pa zowerengera za 'EEG zowerengera ndi zambiri' pazakugonana.

Kufufuza kwa Steele et al., 2013 kuchokera pakuwunikanso ndikuwunikanso kwa anzawo - Katswiri wa sayansi ya zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti: Kukonzanso ndi Kukonzanso (2015)

VERSION YAKALE

Zotsatira Zikunena Chinthu Chimodzi, Pomaliza Pomaliza ndi Olemba Amatanthauza Zotsutsana

Kulakalaka Kwakukulu Kumagwirizana Ndi Kuledzera?

Nchifukwa chiyani palibe mgwirizano pakati pa mafunso ndi mayankho a EEG?

Palibe Gulu Lolamulira, Komabe Zofunikirako Zidayenera Mmodzi

Zofooka za EEG Technology

Zimayesedwa ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere

Kutsiliza

Onaninso zotsatizana za phunziro lomwelo:

Links Quick