Kufufuza kwa "Kusinthasintha kwa zomwe zingachitike mochedwa ndi zithunzi zogonana mwa ogwiritsa ntchito zovuta ndikuwongolera zosagwirizana ndi zolaula" (Prause et al., 2015)

Introduction

Chifukwa chakuti phunziro la EEG linanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kwakukulu kumakhudzana ndi Zochepa Kugwiritsa ntchito ubongo ku zolaula za vanilla zikulembedwa monga kuthandizira malingaliro akuti zolaula zosapitirira zimagwiritsira ntchito pansi poletsa chiukitsiro cha kugonana. Mwachidule, anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri ankasokonezeka ndi zithunzi zooneka bwino zojambula zolaula Kuhn & Gallinat., 2014). Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi kulekerera, chizindikiro choledzera. Kulekerera kumatanthauzidwa ngati kuyankhidwa kwa munthu kuchepa kwa mankhwala kapena chikoka chimene chimabwera chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza.

Mapepala khumi obwereza vomerezani kuwunika kwa YBOP kwa Prause et al., 2015 (maulaliki ndizowonjezerapo kulankhulana Prause et al.)

Chifukwa chakuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kawirikawiri anali ndi zochepa zowerengera za EEG kuposa maulamuliro, olemba otsogolera Chithunzi cha Nicole akuti kafukufuku wake wopanda pake amapusitsa mtundu wa zolaula. Pembedzero linalengeza kuti kuwerenga kwake kwa EEG kumawunika "cue-reactivity" (kulimbikitsa), m'malo mozolowera. Ngakhale Pembedzero likanakhala lolondola iye ananyalanyaza mosamalitsa phokoso lomwe linali mu "zabodza" zake: Ngakhale Prause et al. 2015 adapeza zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zolaula, 27 maphunziro ena a ubongo wanena kuti: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Sayansi siyenda ndi kafukufuku yekhayo yemwe amalephera chifukwa cha zolakwika zazikulu; sayansi imapita ndi kukayika kwa maumboni (pokhapokha mutakhala zoyendetsedwa).

pomwe: Phunziroli la 2018 Gary Wilson akutsutsa choonadi cha maphunziro a 5 okayikitsa komanso osocheretsa, kuphatikizapo maphunziro awiri a Nicole Prause EEG (Steele et al., 2013 ndi Prause et al., 2015): Kafukufuku Wosaka: Zoona Kapena Zopeka?

NKHANI YOFUNIKA

Zonamizira & Zolondola

Pamene idasindikizidwa mwezi wa July 2015, tidzatchula pepala ili Prause et al., 2015. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zokambirana za wolemba wamkulu. Chithunzi cha Nicole molimba mtima adanenanso patsamba lake labu la SPAN kuti kafukufukuyu yekhayekha "amathetsa zolaula":

Ndifukufuku wovomerezeka wanji angadzitengere kuti ali ndi debunked an munda wonse wafukufuku ndi kukana maphunziro onse apitalo ndi phunziro limodzi la EEG?

Kuphatikiza apo, Nicole Prause adati kafukufukuyu ali ndi maphunziro 122 (N). M'malo mwake, kafukufukuyu anali ndi maphunziro a 55 okha omwe "anali ndi mavuto owongolera momwe amaonera zithunzi zakugonana". Maphunzirowa adalembedwa kuchokera ku Pocatello Idaho, yemwe ndi wamkulu wa 50% Mormon. Otsatira ena 67 anali owongolera.

M'chiwiri chachiwiri chodabwitsa, Prause et al., 2015 inafotokozera zonsezi komanso mu thupi la phunziroli:

"Awa ndiwo machitidwe oyamba a thupi la anthu omwe amaonetsa mavuto okhudza kugonana ndi kugonana".

Izi siziri choncho, monga Kuphunzira kwa CMMM fMRI inasindikizidwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kale.

Pachifukwa chachitatu Nicole Prause wakhala akunena izi Prause et al., 2015 ndi "kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri wazokhudza zolaula omwe adachitikapo". Tiyenera kudziwa kuti poyerekeza ndi kafukufuku wamaubongo, maphunziro a EEG ndiotsika mtengo kwambiri pamutu uliwonse. Ndikosavuta kusonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu la "zolaula" ngati simukuyang'ana zolaula kapena zovuta zilizonse (mavuto amisala, zosokoneza bongo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zina zambiri). Mavuto ochepa ndi zomwe Prause ananena:

Si kafukufuku wokhudza zolaula ngati alibe zolaula. Phunziroli, ndi maphunziro a 2 akale a Prause (Prause et al., 2013 & Steele ndi al., 2013), sanawone ngati nkhani zilizonse zowonongeka kapena ayi. Pemphero limavomerezedwa mu zokambirana kuti nkhani zambiri zinalibe zovuta kulamulira ntchito: sizinali zovuta. Zonsezi zikanayenera kuti zatsimikiziridwa kuti zolaula zimadwalitsa kuti zilolere kuyerekezera kovomerezeka ndi gulu la anthu osakhala olaula. Kuphatikiza apo maphunziro a Prause anachita osati zojambula pazithunzi za matenda a m'maganizo, zizoloŵezi zopanikizika, kapena zoledzeretsa zina. Zinayi mwa zilango khumi zomwe awunikiridwa kuti awonetse zolakwika izi: 2, 3, 4, 8.
"HPA axis kuchepa kwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual" (2015) itha kuonedwa ngati kafukufuku wamkulu wokhudzana ndi ma neuroscience mpaka pano pa "ma hypersexourse" (omwe ali ndi maphunziro a 67 ochiritsira chizolowezi chogonana, poyerekeza ndi maphunziro a Prause a 55 omwe adakwiya chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula). Kafukufukuyu adayesa momwe ubongo umayankhira kupsinjika poyesa kutulutsa kwa mahomoni ndi ubongo (ACTH), ndi mahomoni olamulidwa ndi ubongo (cortisol). Pomwe kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake Prause et al., 2015, Nicole Prause akupitiriza kunena kuti maphunziro ake a EEG ndi aakulu kwambiri.
Maonekedwe a Ubongo ndi Kuyanjana Mogwirizana Ogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Ntchito: Ubongo pa Porn (2014) - Itha kuonedwa kuti ndi yayikulu kuposa Prause et al., 2015, chifukwa inali ndi maphunziro 64, ndipo onse adayang'anitsitsa mosamala zinthu zakupatula monga zosokoneza bongo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe, komanso zovuta zamankhwala & zamitsempha. Maphunziro a 3 Prause sanachite izi.

Prause et al., 2015 Imayesa Kujambula kwa Ubongo Ntchito

Prause et al., 2015 inali Electroencephalography kapena kuphunzira kwa EEG. Muyeso wamagetsi wama EEG, kapena mafunde aubongo, pamutu. Ngakhale ukadaulo wa EEG wakhalapo kwa zaka 100, mkangano ukupitilizabe pazomwe zimayambitsa mafunde aubongo, kapena kuwerengera kwenikweni kwa EEG kumatanthauzanji. Zotsatira zake, zotsatira zoyeserera zitha kutanthauziridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ma spikes azinthu zamagetsi amatchedwa amplitudes (pansipa).

Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti ena EEG amplitudes (LPP, P3) mulole Onetsetsani chidwi chomwe chimaperekedwa pachithunzi, monga chithunzi. Mwachidule, amplitudes akuluakulu amasonyeza kuti nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri zomwe zikuwonetsedwera mu kuyesera. Mu Pemphero yophunzira chikokacho chinali chiwonetsero chachiwiri ku chithunzi chogonana. Mfundo zofunikira zochepa:

Kusamala kwakukulu, ndi ma EEG omwe ali ofanana, sangatiuze ngati munthuyo adaukitsidwa kapena ngati adanyozedwa. Mphungu yapamwamba ingakhale yosavuta kwambiri zolakwika, monga kunyansidwa kapena kudodometsedwa.
Ngakhalenso kukwera kwa EEG sikuyenera kutiuza ngati mphotho zoyendetsa ubongo zidakhazikitsidwa kapena ayi. Mosiyana ndi izi, maphunziro ena aposachedwa a ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi Voon et al., 2014. ndi Kuhn & Gallinat 2014 amagwiritsira ntchito makina a FMRI kuti afotokoze kusintha kwa kayendedwe kake ndi mphoto ya ntchito ya dera.

Mu phunziro ili, Prause et al., 2015 anayerekezera zochitika za EEG zotchedwa "zolaula" (pafupifupi maola 3.8 a zolaula / sabata) kuwongolera (pafupifupi 0.6 maola zolaula / sabata). Monga zikuyembekezeredwa, onse "zolaula" komanso zowongolera anali ndi zochitika zazikulu za EEG (matalikidwe a LPP) pakuwona zithunzi zakugonana. Komabe, the amplitude anali ang'onoang'ono kwa "osokoneza bongo."

Prause et al., 2015 Kwenikweni Amathandizira Kugonjetsa Kwachiwerewere

Poyembekeza matalikidwe akulu a "osokoneza bongo", olembawo adati,

"Chitsanzochi chikuwoneka mosiyana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. "

Koma kodi izi ndi zomveka? Monga momwe mnzake wofufuza anenera, mu kafukufuku aliyense pamakhala zotsatira… ndipo pali zomwe amasulirazo. Zotsatira zake ndizowoneka bwino: Omwe amamwa zolaula samangoyang'ana kwambiri zithunzi za kugonana kwa vanila komwe kumawonekera pazenera kwa sekondi imodzi. Izi sizosadabwitsa kwa aliyense amene amawononga zolaula zamasiku ano.

Zomwe a Prause adapeza pazotsika za LPP amplitudes za "omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula" poyerekeza ndi zowongolera zimayenderana ndi mtundu wa zosokoneza bongo, ngakhale atanthauzira kuti "wachita zolaula." Kupeza kwake kukuwonetsa zonse ziwiri deensitization (kapena mwambo) ndi kulekerera, chomwe chiri chosowa cholimbikitsira kwambiri. Zonsezi zimawoneka kuti zimakhala zovuta, ndipo, mwinamwake mochititsa mantha, zakhala zikulembedwera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe anali osati zovuta (zambiri pansipa).

Mfundo yofunikira: Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali ayi Zotsatira za omvera a Prause, titha kuyembekezera kuti owongolera komanso "osokoneza bongo" akhale ndi chimodzimodzi LPP matalikidwe poyankha zithunzi za kugonana. M'malo mwake, a Prause omwe amatchedwa "osokoneza bongo" anali ndi ubongo wochepa (m'munsi mwa LPP) kuti aziwonetsabe zolaula za vanila. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito mawu ogwidwa chifukwa a Prause sanagwiritse ntchito chida chowonera zolaula pa intaneti, chifukwa chake sitikudziwa ngati ena mwa iwo, kapena ena, anali osokoneza bongo. Pazomwe Prause ananena zabodza komanso mitu yakukhumudwitsa yomwe idapangitsa kuti ikhale yolondola, onse mwa omvera a 55 a Prause amayenera kuti anali osokoneza bongo. Osati ena, osati ambiri, koma nkhani iliyonse. Zizindikiro zonse zimatsimikizira kuti chiwerengero chochuluka cha maphunziro a 55 osankhidwa ndi osakhala osokoneza

Maphunzirowa adalembedwa kuchokera ku Pocatello Idaho kudzera pazotsatsa pa intaneti zopempha anthu omwe ali "akukumana ndi mavuto owonetsa momwe amaonera zithunzi zachiwerewere". Pocatello Idaho wapitirira 50% Mormon, ambiri a iwo angaganize kuti kuchuluka kwa zolaula ndizovuta. Mwa njira yovuta kwambiri, palibe nkhani zomwe zinawonetsedwa kuti zikhale zolaula. Mu njira ina yolakwika, kulumikiza kwachindunji kwa ophunzira omwe anali ndi mavuto okha "Zithunzi zogonana". Popeza ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ambiri amawonera makanema otsatsira, kodi izi zidawakhumudwitsa?

Musakhululuke, ngakhale Steele et al., 2013 kapena Prause et al., 2015 adalongosola mitu iyi 55 ngati ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kapena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Ophunzirawo adangovomereza kuti "akumva chisoni" ndi zolaula zawo. Kutsimikizira kusakanikirana kwa nzika zake, a Prause adavomereza Kuyankhulana kwa 2013 kuti ena a maphunziro a 55 anali ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono (omwe amatanthauza kuti anali osati zolaula):

“Kafukufukuyu amangophatikiza anthu omwe amafotokoza mavuto, kuyambira zochepa zovuta zazikulu, kuwongolera mawonekedwe awo azowonera zolaula. ”

Kodi mungatani kuti muzinyalanyaza zolaula ngati ambiri mwa "omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula" samachita zolaula? Simungathe.

The Prause et al. kupeza molumikizana bwino Kühn & Gallinat (2014), omwe adapeza kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ubongo wosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri (omwe anali osati ololedwa) poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zogonana (.530 masekondi). Ofufuzawo anati:

"Izi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti kuwonetsa kwambiri zolaula kumapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chisokonezeke pazomwe zimachitika pakugonana.. "

Kühn & Gallinat adanenanso kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwirizana ndi mphotho zochepa za dera loyera komanso kusokonekera kwa madera omwe amakhala ndi ziwopsezo. Mu m'nkhaniyi wofufuza wina Simone Kühn, anati:

"Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti kuonera zolaula nthaŵi zonse kumatulutsa mphoto yanu."

Kühn akuti mabuku omwe alipo, asayansi amasonyeza kuti ogulitsa zithunzi zolaula amafufuza zinthu zatsopano ndi maseŵera oopsa kwambiri.

"Izo zikanakwanira mwangwiro lingaliro lakuti machitidwe awo opindula amayenera kukulirakulira."

Phunziro lina la EEG anapeza kuti zolaula zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa amayi omwe sagwirizana ndi ubongo. Mwachidule, iwo amene amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula zambiri angafunikire kulimbikitsana kwambiri poyang'ana anthu ogula kwambiri, ndipo zithunzi zojambula zithunzi za vanilla sizingatheke kulembetsa monga zosangalatsa zonse. Zosasangalatsa kwenikweni, zimakhala zochepa, ndipo zimachepetsa kuwerenga kwa EEG. Mapeto a nkhani.

Prause et al., 2015 amavomereza zimenezo Kühn & Gallinat 2014 ikhoza kukhala yolondola

Mu gawo la zokambirana, Prause et al, wotchulidwa Kühn & Gallinat ndipo adaipereka ngati tanthauzo la mtundu wapansi wa LPP. Anali panjira yoyenera, ndipo kutanthauzira kwake kunali koyipa kenako nkuchoka pa data yake. Mwina kukondera kwakukulu kwa Prause motsutsana ndi zolaula kumamupangitsa kutanthauzira. Iye kale Twitter mawu akusonyeza kuti sangakhale wopanda tsankho pofuna kufufuza sayansi:

“Kuwerenga chifukwa chake anthu amasankha kuchita zachiwerewere popanda kukopa anthu osokoneza bongo ”

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, zithunzi zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a Kühn ndi a Prause zidasiyana kwambiri ndi makanema odziwika bwino a 9-sekondale omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2014 Kuphunzira kwa CMMM fMRI, yomwe idapeza kufanana pakati pa bongo la omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ofufuzawa adapeza zochitika zazikulu kwambiri pazokonda zolaula chifukwa cha makanema, omwe amakhala osokoneza bongo.

Maphunziro a zolaula pa intaneti ndi kutanthauzira kwawo ndi zovuta chifukwa chakuti kuona zithunzi zolaula (panopa kapena mavidiyo) is khalidwe lachilendo, osati kungokhala chete. Poyerekeza, akuwona zithunzi za mabotolo a vodka is chidziwitso cha chidakwa. Ngakhale kuti izi zitha kuwalitsa ubongo wake kuposa ubongo wowongolera, chidakwa chimafuna mowa wambiri kuti upeze phokoso. Omwe amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula mu maphunziro a Kühn ndi Prause amafunikira momveka bwino (makanema?) Kuti awonetse kulira kwawo. Sanayankhe mwachizolowezi ndi zotsekera chabe. Uwu ndi umboni wololerana (komanso kusintha kwa ubongo wokhudzana ndi zosokoneza bongo).

Zosintha pamutu wa twitter wa Nicole Prause:

UCLA sanayambitsenso mgwirizano wa Prause. Sanakhalepo ndi yunivesite iliyonse kuyambira koyambirira kwa 2015.
Mu October, 2015 Akaunti yoyamba ya Twitter ya a Prause amayimitsidwa kwathunthu chifukwa chomazunza

Mwa iye 2013 EEG Phunziro ndi Thupi la Blog Milandu Yopempherera YAM'MBUYO YOTSATIRA TUMIZANI LINKI SINDIKIZANI KOPERANI MITU YA NKHANI

Pembedzero adati kafukufuku wake wa 2013 EEG inali nthawi yoyamba kuwerengedwa kwa EEG kwa omwe amatchedwa "achiwerewere." Popeza ichi chinali "Pemphero loyamba" likuvomereza kuti ndizongopeka chabe ngati "achiwerewere" ayenera ali ndi ma eEG oposa kapena otsika kuposa machitidwe abwino:

"Popeza kuti aka ndi koyamba kuti ma ERP alembedwe za anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo zolemba pamankhwala osokoneza bongo (apamwamba P300) komanso kutengeka mtima (kutsika kwa P300) zikusonyeza kuneneratu kosiyana, kuwongolera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chiwerewere kunanenedwa makamaka pazifukwa zongopeka." [Ndiye kuti, popanda maziko ambiri.]

As anafotokozedwa pano Phunziro la Prause la 2013 EEG linalibe gulu lolamulira, kotero silingafanane ndi "oledzera" kuwerenga kwa EEG kwa "osakhala osokoneza bongo." Zotsatira zake, kafukufuku wake wa 2013 sanatiuze chilichonse za kuwerengera kwa EEG kwa anthu athanzi kapena "achiwerewere." Tiyeni tipitilize ndi malingaliro a Prause kuchokera ku 2013:

"Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana amatha kuwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa matalikidwe a P300 pakati pazakugonana komanso zosakhudzana ndi ndale chifukwa cha kulimba mtima komanso zomwe zili m'malingaliro. Mwinanso, kusiyana kochepa kwa P300 kungathe kuwerengedwa chifukwa chozoloŵera kwa VSS."

Mu 2013, Pulezidenti adanena kuti zolaula zimadwala, poyerekeza ndi zolamulira, zimatha kuwonetsa:

Apamwamba Malembo a EEG chifukwa choyang'ana-kuyanjanitsa ku zithunzi, kapena
m'munsi Kuwerenga kwa EEG chifukwa cha kuonera zolaula (VSS).

Miyezi isanu asanatuluke phunziro lake la 2013 EEG, Prause ndi David Ley adagwirizana kuti alembe izi Psychology Masiku ano blog post za kafukufuku wake yemwe akubwera. Mmenemo amati "kuchepetsa magetsi kuyankha”Zingasonyeze chizoloŵezi kapena kukhumudwa:

Koma, pamene EEG idaperekedwa kwa anthuwa, popeza adawona zovuta, zotsatira zinali zodabwitsa, ndipo sizinagwirizane ndi chizolowezi chogonana. Ngati kuonerera zolaula kwenikweni kunali kuzoloŵera (kapena kulakalaka), ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndiye kuyang'ana zolaula kungawononge mphamvu zamagetsi mu ubongo. M'malo mwake, pazotsatira izi, panalibe yankho lotere. M'malo mwake, ziwonetsero zonse za omwe adatenga nawo gawo awonetsa mayankho owonjezera amagetsi pamafanizo omwe adawonetsedwa, monga ubongo wa "anthu wamba"…

Kotero, tiri ndi Prague 2013 "Kuchepa kwamagetsi" angasonyeze chizoloŵezi kapena kukhumudwa. Tsopano, komabe, mu 2015, pamene Pemphero adapeza umboni wosonyeza kuti sakufuna (wamba wodwala), akutiuza "Kuchepa kwamagetsi" debunks zolaula zoipa. Eya?

Pazaka ziwiri izi zinatengera Prause kuti amweze kufanana kwake ndi nkhani yolemala ndi gulu lenileni lolamulira, iye wapanga mokwanira. Tsopano, akunena umboni wokhutiritsa zomwe adazipeza pamene adawonjezera gulu lolamulira palibe umboni wosokoneza bongo (womwe amati mu 2013 zikadakhala). M'malo mwake, akunenanso kuti "ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo." Izi ndizosagwirizana komanso zosagwirizana ndi sayansi, ndipo akuwonetsa kuti ngakhale zotsutsa zomwe zapezeka, adzanena kuti ali ndi "chizolowezi chomukonda." M'malo mwake, pokhapokha Pembedzero la 2015 likakana Phunziro la Pembedzero la 2013 ndi zolemba za blog ayenera kukakamizidwa "kuitana mowa mopanda pake. "

Mwa njira, mawu pamwambapa -"Zonse zomwe ophunzira akutenga nawo mbali zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa mayankho amaubongo amagetsi pazithunzi zolaula" - ndizosokoneza. Zachidziwikire kuti ndizabwinobwino kuyankha kwambiri zithunzi zachiwerewere kuposa zithunzi zosalowererapo. Komabe, Phunziro la Prause la 2013 linalibe gulu lolamulira, ndipo silinayerekezere kuwerengedwa kwa EEG kwa omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa omwe si osokoneza bongo. Atangowonjezera gulu lowongolera, zinali zowonekeratu kuti kukondweretsedwa chifukwa cha zithunzi zolaula ndizachilendo ndipo zotsatira zake zidasowa. M'malo mwake, omvera ake adayamba kuvutika deensitization, chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa. Mwachidule, zotsatira za Prause za 2013 zinali zopanda tanthauzo (onani pansipa), pomwe mitu yake ya 2015 ikutsutsana ndi zonse zomwe adanena kale. Amanena kuti amatsutsa kuledzera pamene akupeza umboni wa izo.

Njira Zosavomerezeka Apanso

1) Monga ndi Pemphero la 2013 EEG phunziro (Steele et al.), omwe anali nawo phunziroli anali amuna, akazi komanso mwina "osagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha". Umboni wonse ukusonyeza kuti a Prause adagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro omwewo pakafukufuku wake wapano ndi kafukufuku wake wa 2013: kuchuluka kwa akazi ndikofanana (13) ndipo manambala onse ali pafupi kwambiri (52 vs. 55). Ngati ndi choncho, kafukufuku wapano anaphatikizapo 7 "osagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha". Izi ndizofunika, chifukwa zimaphwanya ndondomeko yoyendetsera maphunziro osokoneza bongo, omwe ochita kafukufuku amasankha zofanana maphunziro malinga ndi msinkhu, jenda, malingaliro, ngakhale ma IQ ofanana (more gulu logwirizana) kuti tipewe kusokonezeka chifukwa cha kusiyana kotere. Izi zimakhala zovuta makamaka pa maphunziro ngati awa, omwe amayeza kuti akukakamiza zogonana, monga momwe kafukufuku amatsimikizira kuti abambo ndi amai ali osiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo ku mafano kapena mafilimu achiwerewere (Zofufuza: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14). Cholakwika ichi chokha chimayambitsa mafunso onse a Prause.

2) Omwe adapemphera sanawunikiridwe. Kafukufuku woyenera waubongo amawunika anthu omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yomwe idalipo kale (kukhumudwa, OCD, zizolowezi zina, ndi zina zambiri). Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ofufuza omwe ali ndiudindo angazindikire za kusuta. Onani fayilo ya Maphunziro a Cambridge Univeristy mwachitsanzo pakuwunika moyenera & njira.

3) Mafunso awiri a Prause omwe amadalira maphunziro onse a EEG kuti awone "zolaula" sizitsimikiziridwa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Sculsivity Scale (SCS) idapangidwa mu 1995 kuyesa njira zogonana kuti zithandizire kuwunika za Edzi, makamaka osati zotsimikiziridwa kwa akazi. The SCS imati:

"Kodi chiwerengerochi chiyenera kuti chiwonetsedwe bwanji, kuti chiwerengero cha ziwalo za kugonana, chiwerengero cha zibwenzi zogonana, chizoloŵezi cha zizoloŵezi zakugonana, komanso mbiri ya matenda opatsirana pogonana"?

Komanso, wogwirizira wa SCS akuchenjeza kuti chida ichi sichidzawonetsa psychopathology kwa amayi,

"Mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika zogonana ndi zizindikiro zina za psychopathology zinkasonyeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi; Kugonana kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma inde a psychopathology mwa amuna koma osati mwa akazi. "

Monga SCS, kafukufuku wachiwiri (CBSOB) alibe mafunso okhudza zolaula pa intaneti. Linapangidwa kuti liwonetsere nkhani za "hypersexual", komanso zikhalidwe zosagonana - osati kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti.

Kuledzera koyenera "kuphunzira kwa ubongo" kuyenera:

ali ndi maphunziro olemekezeka ndi olamulira,
kuwonetsa zovuta zina zamaganizo ndi zina zoledzera, ndi
gwiritsani ntchito mayankho ovomerezeka ndi mafunso kuti muwatsimikizire kuti nkhanizo ndizowonetsa zolaula.

Maphunziro awiri a EEG omwe amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula sanachite chimodzi mwa izi, komatu anapeza mfundo zambiri ndipo adazifalitsa.

Malingaliro Ayenera Kuthandizidwa ndi Data

Pembedzero, mwa kuvomereza kwake, amakana kukonda zolaula, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikungayambitse mavuto. Mwachitsanzo, ndemanga yochokera posachedwapa Nkhani ya Martin Daubney za kugonana / zolaula:

Dr Nicole Prause, wofufuza wamkulu pa Sexual Psychophysiology ndi Opective Neuroscience Laboratory (Span) Laboratory ku Los Angeles, amadzitcha yekha "katswiri wa debunker" wa chiwerewere.

Zolinga zoterezi zikhoza kukhala zotsatiridwa ndi zilembo zingapo ndi Pemphero, zomwe sizigwirizana ndi deta yake yoyesera.

Chitsanzo choyamba ndi kafukufuku wake wa 2013 "Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, chimakhudzana ndi mayankho okhudza kugonana. ” Miyezi isanu kafukufukuyu asanasindikizidwe, Prause adangotulutsa (kokha) kwa wama psychologist David Ley, amene mwamsanga anajambulidwa pa izo Psychology Today, Kudzinenera kuti kunatsimikizira kuti zolaula zilibe. Zonena ngati izi sizinathandizidwe ndi kafukufukuyu atasindikizidwa. Chotsatira chotsatira chatengedwa kuchokera apa ndemanga yowonongeka ndi anzako pa phunziro:

'Chiwerengero chimodzi chodziŵika chodziŵika bwino sichinena kanthu za kuledzera. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kupeza kwakukulu ndi zoipa Kugwirizana pakati pa P300 ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzanu (r = -0.33), kusonyeza kuti kukula kwa P300 kumagwirizana ndi m'munsi chilakolako cha kugonana; Izi zikutsutsana mwachindunji kutanthauzira kwa P300 monga mkulu chikhumbo. Palibe kusiyana kwa magulu ena osokoneza bongo. Palibe kusiyana kwa magulu olamulira. Zotsatira zomwe ochita kafukufuku anapeza zokhudzana ndi chiwerengerochi, zomwe sizimanena kanthu ngati anthu omwe amafotokoza mavuto omwe amachititsa kuti aziwona zojambula zogonana kapena alibe ubongo amayankha mofanana ndi cocaine kapena mitundu ina ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Monga momwe zilili pakadali pano pa kafukufuku wa EEG, a Prause adati maubongo a omwe adawalamulira sanayankhe ngati omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. M'malo mwake, omvera ake anali ndi zowerengera zapamwamba za EEG (P300) powonera zithunzi zachiwerewere - ndizomwe zimachitika anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lowonera zolaula. Kuyankhapo pansi pa Psychology Today kuyankhulana ndi zonena za Prause, Pulofesa wamkulu wa maphunziro a maganizo, John A. Johnson, adati:

"Malingaliro anga akadali odabwitsa kwa a Prause akuti malingaliro a omwe adawagwiritsa ntchito sanayankhe pazithunzi zokhudzana ndi kugonana ngati amaliseche omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayankhanso mankhwala awo, poti adanenanso kuti awerenge kwambiri P300 pazithunzi zakugonana. Monga osokoneza bongo omwe amawonetsa ma spikes a P300 akaperekedwa ndi mankhwala awo osankha. Kodi angadziwe bwanji zotsutsana ndi zotsatirapo zake? Ndikuganiza kuti zitha kukhala chifukwa chamalingaliro ake-zomwe amayembekeza kuti apeza. ”

izi 2015 kuyang'ana kwa mabuku a ubongo zolaula zinapitilirapo:

Phunziroli linalinganizidwa kuti liyang'ane mgwirizano pakati pa ERP amplitudes pakuwona zochitika zamaganizo ndi zachiwerewere komanso zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana. Olembawo anatsimikiza kuti kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa zifukwa zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere komanso kuganiza kuti P300 amplitudes pakuwona zithunzi za kugonana "kulepheretsa kupereka chithandizo cha zitsanzo za kugonana kosagonana" [303] (p. 10). Komabe, kusowa kwa mgwirizano kungakhale bwino kufotokozedwa ndi zolakwika zomveka mu njira. Mwachitsanzo, phunziroli linagwiritsa ntchito dziwe lopanda ntchito (amuna ndi akazi, kuphatikizapo 7 omwe si amuna kapena akazi okhaokha). Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ubongo poyerekeza ndi ubongo wa chizolowezi chowongolera thanzi labwino kumafuna maphunziro omvera (kugonana komweko, mibadwo yofanana) kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Malinga ndi maphunziro a zizolowezi zolaula, zatsimikiziridwa bwino kuti amuna ndi akazi amasiyana mozama mu ubongo ndi kuyankha mozizwitsa ku zofanana zogonana zogonana [304, 305, 306]. Kuonjezera apo, mayankho awiri owonetsetsa sakuvomerezedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a IP osokonezeka, ndipo nkhanizi sizinawonedwe kuti ziwonetsedwe zina zowonongeka kapena vuto la maganizo.

Ndipotu, zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, "Zotsatira za kugonana kwachiwerewere ndizolakalaka kwambiri, osati zosokonezeka, zikufotokozedwa" [303] (p. 1) zikuoneka kuti palibe malo omwe akuwona kuti phunziroli likupeza kuti P300 matalikidwe amatsutsana kwambiri ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi wokondedwa. Monga tafotokozera ku Hilton (2014), kupeza izi "kumatsutsana ndikutanthauzira kwa P300 monga chikhumbo chachikulu" [307]. Kufufuza kwa Hilton kukuwonetsanso kuti kusapezeka kwa gulu lolamulira ndi kulephera kwa teknoloji ya EEG kuti athetse pakati pa "chilakolako chogonana" ndi "kugonana" kumapangitsa Steele et al. zovuta zosatheka [307].

Potsiriza, pepala lalikulu (mapepala apamwamba a P300 kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere, zokhudzana ndi zithunzi zopanda ndale) zimapatsidwa chidwi chochepa mu gawo la zokambirana. Izi siziyembekezereka, monga momwe anthu ambiri amapezera ndi mankhwala ndi intaneti akuwonjezeka P300 matalikidwe okhudzana ndi zosakhudzidwa pokhapokha ngati akuwonekera pazithunzi zomwe zikugwirizana ndi chizoloŵezi chawo choledzera [308]. Ndipotu, Voon, et al. [262] anapereka gawo la zokambirana zawo pofufuza zofufuza za P300 izi zisanachitike. Voon et al. Kupereka kufotokozera kufunika kwa P300 yomwe sinalembedwe mu pepala la Steele, makamaka ponena za kukhazikitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo,
"Chifukwa chake, zochitika zonse za DACC mu kafukufuku wapano wa CSB ndi zochitika za P300 zidanenedwa mu kafukufuku wakale wa CSB [303] angasonyeze njira zofananamo zofanana ndi zofunikira kwambiri. Mofananamo, maphunziro awiriwa amasonyeza mgwirizano pakati pa izi ndi chikhumbo chochuluka. Apa tikusonyeza kuti ntchito ya DACC ikugwirizana ndi chilakolako, chomwe chingasonyeze chiwerengero cha chilakolako, koma sichigwirizana ndi malingaliro okondweretsa omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. [262] ”(Tsamba 7)
Kotero pamene olemba awa [303] adanena kuti kuphunzira kwawo kunatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa CSB, Voon et al. adalemba kuti olemba awa amapereka umboni wothandizira chitsanzo.

Zotsatira: Mapepala asanu ndi atatu owonetsedwa ndi anzanu amavomereza ndi kusanthula kwathu Steele et al., 2013 (Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Steele et al., 2013) Kusanthula kwa 2013 EEG kunanenedwa Masewera apamwamba a EEG (P300) pamene maphunziro adziwonekera ku zithunzi zogonana. P300 yapamwamba imapezeka pamene oledzera amawonekera (monga mafano) okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi chawo. Komabe, phunzirolo linalibe gulu loletsa kulinganitsa, lomwe linapangitsa kuti zosamvetsetsekazi zisamvetseke (monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa pophunzira pano zapeza gulu lolamulira la phunziro la 2013). Kuonjezerapo, phunzirolo linalongosola zazikulu zowonongeka pa zolaula zogwirizana ndi Zochepa chilakolako chogonana. Mwachidule: Phunziroli linapeza ubongo wambiri wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso zofuna zogonana (koma osati chilakolako chofuna kugonana). Osati zomwe mitu ya nkhaniyi inanena ponena za zolaula zowonjezera chilakolako cha kugonana kapena chiwerewere chogonana pokhala ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

Zofanana ndi kafukufuku wapano wa Prause, kafukufuku wake wachiwiri kuchokera ku 2013 adapeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pazowongolera ndi "omwe amakonda zolaula" - "Palibe Umboni Wokhumudwa Kusokonezeka Kwambiri pa "Mafilimu Okhudzana ndi Magulu Ogonana Maganizo" Kufotokozera Maganizo Awo ku Mafilimu Ogonana (2013). ” Monga tafotokozera mu ndemanga iyi, mutuwo umabisa zomwe zapezeka. M'malo mwake, "zolaula" anali nazo Zochepa Maganizo akamagwirizanitsa ndi machitidwe. Izi sizodabwitsa monga ambiri Anthu okonda zolaula amafotokoza mmene akumvera ndi zotengeka. Pembedzero lidalungamitsa mutuwo ponena kuti akuyembekeza "kuyankha kwakukulu", koma sanatchulepo kanthu za "chiyembekezo" chake chodabwitsachi. Mutu wolondola ukadakhala kuti: "Anthu omwe amavutika kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zawo amasonyeza zosagwirizana kwambiri ndi mafilimu achiwerewere, mwinamwake chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi,“. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wa EEG wapano wa Prause komanso Kühn & Gallinat (2014), ndipo amasonyeza kuti sakufuna.

M'mapepala a Prause a 2015, "Kuwona zokhudzana ndi kugonana zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuyanjana kwakukulu kwa kugonana, osati erectile dysfunction", Palibe zomwe zanenedwa pamapepala zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zidafotokozedwazi. Zolemba ziwiri, imodzi ndi munthu wamba, komanso ina ndi dokotala (owunikiridwa ndi anzawo), amafotokoza mapepalawo zosagwirizana zambiri komanso zonena zabodza:

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, Pembedzero silinayese kuyankha kwakugonana, zovuta, kapena kuyambitsa ubongo. M'malo mwake, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula adapereka nambala yankho pafunso limodzi lokha "zodzutsa chilakolako chogonana" atatha kuwona zolaula. Omwe amakhala maola 2 + sabata iliyonse ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula anali ndi zochuluka pang'ono atawonera zolaula. Izi ndi zomwe munthu angayembekezere. Izi sizimatiuza chilichonse chokhudza kugonana kwawo popanda zolaula kapena kukondana kwawo ndi bwenzi lawo. Ndipo silinena chilichonse chokhudza ntchito ya erectile. Ndizovuta kunena kuti mutuwo uyenera kukhala wotani monga Pembedzero silinatulutse zomwe zili zofunika, koma zikuwoneka kuti mutu wolondola ungakhale "Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri kumapangitsa amuna kuchita mantha."

Chodabwitsa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa anyamata (azaka zapakati pa 23) papepala lake kumawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa erectile. Sikuti timangopatsidwa chifukwa chomwe anyamatawa anali ndi ED, timauzidwa zabodza amunawo "inanena kuti ntchito yabwino ya erectile ". Tikhoza kupitilira zapepala.

Mu 2014, Prause adalumikizana ndi David Ley - wolemba Bodza Lachiwerewere, yemwe alibe mbiri yaukadaulo kapena kafukufuku - kuti apange ndemanga zokayikitsa pankhani yokhudza zolaula: "Emperor Alibe Zovala: Kuwonetsanso chitsanzo cha "Zolaula Zolekerera". ” Ndemanga iyi yomwe olemba amatchulapo lingaliro lodabwitsali loti, "Intaneti [si] yowonerera zowonera zolaula." Apanso, palibe chilichonse mu "kubwereza" kwa Ley & Prause chomwe chimayang'aniridwa, monga momwe ndemanga yofotokozera iyi ikusonyezera: "Emperor Alibe Zovala: Fairytale Yowonongeka Imakhala Ngati Yophunzira."

Pomaliza, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti wakale Nicole Prause ali ndi mbiri yakale olemba mabuku, odwala, olemba nkhani, ndi ena omwe akuyesera kufotokozera umboni wa ziwawa kuchokera ku ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Iye akuwoneka kuti ali osangalatsa kwambiri ndi makampani oonera zolaula, monga momwe tingawonere pa izi Chithunzi cha iye (kumanja) pamphepete wofiira wa mwambo wa mpikisano wa Critics Organization (XRCO) X-Rated (XRCO). (Malingana ndi Wikipedia ndi XRCO Awards amaperekedwa ndi American X-Rated Critics Organisation chaka ndi chaka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito zosangalatsa zachikulire ndipo ndizopadera zokha zotsatsa malonda zomwe zikuwonetseratu zokhazokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ogulitsa ntchito.^[1]). Zikuwonekeranso kuti Pemphero lingakhale nalo anapeza zithunzi zolaula monga maphunziro kudzera mu mafakitale ena ogulitsa zolaula, gulu Mgwirizanowu waulere. Maphunziro omwe adapezeka ndi FSC akuti amamugwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira aganyu pa wodetsedwa kwambiri ndi Kusinkhasinkha Kwambiri ” chiwembu (tsopano kufufuzidwa ndi FBI) .Mlandu wapanganso Zosagwirizana zosagwirizana za zotsatira za maphunziro ake ndi iye njira zophunzirira. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani: Kodi Nicole Anagwiritsira Ntchito Pulogalamu Yolimbikitsa Zogulitsa Zojambulajambula?

Mwachidule, Zophunzira Zitatu Zomwe Zimagwiritsa Ntchito Ogonana Zimagwirizana ndi Maphunziro a Cambridge ndi Kühn & Gallinat (2014).

1) Chilakolako cha kugonana, osati chiwerewere, chikugwirizana ndi mauthenga okhudza kugonana kwapakati pa zochitika zogonana (2013)

Amagwirizana ndi 23 maphunziro ena a ubongo ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso ogwiritsira ntchito kugonana omwe adapeza zovuta zokhudzana ndi zolaula kapena kukhumba. Kuphatikiza apo, phunziro la Prause linalengeza Zochepa chilakolako cha kugonana kwa mnzanu akugwirizana ndi tcheranir cue-reactivity. Pa zofananazo, kafukufuku woyamba wa Cambridge adanena kuti 60% ya maphunziro anali ndi zovuta kukwaniritsa zochitika / kukangana ndi enieni, komabe akhoza kukwaniritsa zolaula.

2) Palibe Umboni Wokhumudwa Kusokonezeka Kwambiri pa "Mafilimu Okhudzana ndi Magulu Ogonana Maganizo" Kufotokozera Maganizo Awo ku Mafilimu Ogonana (2013)

Amagwirizana Kühn & Gallinat (2014) mu zolaula zambirizo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepa zochitidwa ubongo poyankha zithunzi za kugonana. Chimodzimodzinso ndi maphunziro a maganizo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.

3) Kusinthasintha kwa Zomwe Zidzakhala Zotheka Posachedwa ndi Zithunzi Zogonana mu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mavuto ndi Zowongolera Zosagwirizana ndi "Zovuta Zolaula" (2015)

Amagwirizana Kühn & Gallinat (2014) mu zolaula zambirizo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepa zochitidwa ubongo poyankha zithunzi za kugonana.
Amagwirizanitsa bwino ndi 2013 Prause yemwe adanena kuti m'munsimu EEG amplitudes (poyerekeza ndi machitidwe) angasonyeze kuti ndizoloŵera kapena kuchitapo kanthu.

Kodi sizingakhale zabwino ngati atolankhani ndi olemba mabulogu amawerengadi maphunziro, ndikupatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, asanafalitsidwe ndi mphira atolankhani azakugonana kapena kulumidwa? Mfundo yofunika: Zonse ubongo ndi maphunziro a ubongo lofalitsidwa mpaka pano likuthandizira kupezeka kwa zolaula, kuphatikiza za Prause.

KUYAMBIRA KWAMBIRI CRITIQUE

Kufufuza kwa Prause et al. kuchotsedwa ku "Katswiri wa sayansi ya zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti: Kukonzanso ndi Kukonzanso", 2015:

Phunziro lina la EEG lopangidwa ndi olemba atatu omwewo linafalitsidwa posachedwa [309]. Mwamwayi, phunziro latsopanoli linayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zomwezo monga momwe zinalili kale [303]. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsa ntchito dziwe lopanda ntchito, ofufuzawa anagwiritsa ntchito mayankho a mafunso owonetsa zithunzi omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa owonetsa zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti, ndipo nkhanizo sizinawonedwe kuti ziwonetsedwe zina ndizovuta.
Mu phunziro latsopano, Prause et al. poyerekeza ndi zochitika za EEG za anthu owonera zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zambiri ndizomwe amalamulira poona zithunzi zonse zogonana ndi zopanda ndale [309]. Malingana ndi kuyembekezera, kukula kwa LPP pazithunzi zopanda ndale kunawonjezeka kwa magulu awiriwa, ngakhale kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kunali kochepa kwa maphunziro a IPA. Poyembekeza kukula kwakukulu kwa owonerera zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti, olembawo anati, "Njirayi ikuwoneka mosiyana ndi mankhwala oledzeretsa".
Ngakhale kuti ERP amplitudes yowonjezereka chifukwa cha zizoloŵezi zowononga zokhudzana ndi zochitika zapadera zimawonedwa mu maphunziro oledzeretsa, zomwe zikupezeka tsopano sizodziwika, ndipo zikugwirizana ndi zomwe apeza a Kühn ndi Gallinat [263], amene adapeza ntchito zambiri zolimbirana ndi ubongo wochepa poyankha zogonana. M'gawo la zokambilana, olembawo adatchula Kühn ndi Gallinat ndipo adapereka chizoloŵezi kuti ndizofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane chitsanzo cha LPP chochepa. Kufotokozeranso kwina kwa Kühn ndi Gallinat, komabe, ndiko kuti kukondoweza kwakukulu kungayambitse kusintha kwa mpweya. Mwachidziwitso, zolaula zozembera zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepetsetsa zomwe zili mu dorsal striatum, chigawenga chogonana chokhudzana ndi kugonana komanso chikoka [265].
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti zomwe apeza ndi Prause et al. zinali zosiyana ndi zomwe ankayembekezera [309]. Munthu akhoza kuyembekezera kuti anthu ambiri omwe amaonera zolaula ndi intaneti pa Intaneti amakhala ndi LPP amplitudes ofanana poyang'ana mwachidule zithunzi zachiwerewere ngati zithunzi zolaula za pa Intaneti sizikhala ndi zotsatirapo. M'malo mwake, kupeza mwadzidzidzi kwa Prause et al. [309] amasonyeza kuti nthawi zambiri owonerera zithunzi zolaula amapezeka pafupipafupi. Mwinamwake wina angaganizizane mofanana ndi izi kuti apirire. M'dziko lamakono lakuthamanga kwambiri kwa intaneti, zimakhala zovuta kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti akuwonera mafilimu ndi mavidiyo ogonana mosiyana ndi pulogalamu. Mafilimu opatsirana pogonana amachititsa zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe komanso zowonjezera kuposa zithunzi zachiwerewere [310] ndi kuwonera mafilimu ogonana amachititsa chidwi chochepa ndi kugonana kwa zithunzi zachiwerewere [311]. Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, Prause et al., Ndi maphunziro a Kühn ndi Gallinat amatsimikizira kuti anthu ambiri omwe amaonera zolaula amafunika kuwonekera kwambiri kuti athetse mayankho a ubongo ngati ofanana ndi ochita bwino kapena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.
Komanso, mawu a Prause et al. [309], "Iyi ndiyo njira yoyamba ya machitidwe a anthu omwe akulimbana ndi mavuto a VSS mavuto" ndi ovuta chifukwa amanyalanyaza kafukufuku wofalitsidwa kale [262,263]. Komanso, n'kofunika kuona kuti chimodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu pofufuza momwe ubongo umayankhira pazinthu zolaula zolaula pa Intaneti ndikuti kuyang'ana zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndiko khalidwe lachiwerewere. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mankhwala a cocaine amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a cocaine (mizere yoyera pagalasi), m'malo mokhala ndi maphunziro enieni a cocaine. Popeza kuyang'ana kwa mafano ndi mavidiyo ogonana ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere, kufufuza kwa ubongo wam'tsogolo pa owonetsa zithunzi zolaula ku intaneti ayenera kusamala pazojambula zonse ndikuyesera zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, mosiyana ndi chigawo chimodzi chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zithunzi za Prause et al. [309], Voon et al. adasankha mavidiyo omveka bwino a 9 pamasewero awo omwe amachititsa kuti azimvetsetsa zolaula pa intaneti [262]. Mosiyana ndi chiwonetsero chachiwiri pa zithunzi zowonongeka (Prause et al. [309]), kuwonetsedwa kwa mavidiyo a 9-kachiwiri kunachititsa kuti ubongo ukhale wovuta kwambiri kuwonetsa zithunzi zolaula kwambiri kuposa momwe anawonetsera mafano amodzi. Ponena za olemba omwe adatchula phunziro la Kühn ndi Gallinat, omasulidwa panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi kufufuza kwa Voon [262], komabe iwo sanavomereze Voon et al. Phunzirani paliponse pamapepala awo ngakhale kuti ndi zofunika kwambiri.

Kufufuza kwa "Kuwonetseratu zokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana ndi anthu ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mavuto omwe sagwirizana ndi zolaula" (Prause et al., 2015)