MAFUNSO: Ngakhale kuti pepalali ndiachidule chabe, lilinso ndi malingaliro ofunikira kwambiri pa sayansi yomwe ikubwera. Mwachitsanzo, likuti onse Prause et al., 2015 ndi Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014 Lembani zotsatira zofanana: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi zolaula. Maphunziro onsewa anafotokoza m'munsi kusinthika kwa ubongo poyankha mwachidule zithunzi zolaula za vanilla. M'chigawo chotsatira "Chochepera chokhazikika" chimatanthauza zofufuza za EEG Prause et al.:
"Motsutsana, Kuphunzira kwa anthu abwino kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yowonjezera yowonjezereka ikugwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kwa amuna abwino, nthawi yochulukirapo yowonerera zolaula zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolemba zolaula (Kühn ndi Gallinat, 2014). Pewani ntchito yowonjezera yabwino zithunzi zolaula zinawonedwa m'mitu yovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. ”
Nchifukwa chiyani izi zili zofunika? Wolemba wamkulu Nicole Prause adati kafukufuku wake wa EEG wosakwatiwa adachita "zolaula". Ili ndiye pepala lachiwiri lowunikiridwa ndi anzawo kuti akane kutanthauzira kwa Prause. Nazi pepala loyamba.
Zindikirani - Mapepala ena owunikiridwa ndi anzawo amavomereza kuti Prause et al., 2015 imathandizira mtundu wa zolaula: Zolemba zotsatiridwa ndi anzawo Prause et al., 2015
Neuropsychopharmacology 41, 385-386 (January 2016) | awiri: 10.1038 / npp.2015.300
Shane W Kraus 1, 2, Valerie Voon 3, ndi Marc N Potenza 2, 4
1 VISN 1 Matenda Aumphawi Maphunziro Ofufuza Zofufuza ndi Malo Ochipatala, VA Maphunziro a Zaumoyo a Connecticut, West Haven, CT, USA; Dipatimenti ya Psychiatry ya 2, Yale Yunivesite ya Zamankhwala Yunivesite, New Haven, CT, USA;
Dipatimenti ya Psychiatry ya 3, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;
4 Dipatimenti ya Neurobiology, Child Study Center ndi CASA Columbia, Yale Yunivesite ya Zamankhwala, New Haven, CT, USA
E-mail: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
Khalidwe lachiwerewere lachiwerewere (CSB) limadziwika ndi kukhumba, kukhudzidwa, kufooka kwa anthu / ntchito, ndi matenda okhudza maganizo. Chiwerengero cha CSB chikulingalira pozungulira 3-6%, ndichimuna wamwamuna. Ngakhale kuti sali m'gulu la DSM-5, CSB ikhoza kupezedwa mu ICD-10 ngati vuto lodziletsa. Komabe, mkangano ulipo ponena za chiwerengero cha CSB (mwachitsanzo, ngati matenda osokoneza bongo, chizoloŵezi cha matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kupitiliza chizolowezi chogonana).
Umboni woyambirira umasonyeza kuti dopamine ikhoza kuthandizira CSB. Mu Parkinson's (PD), dopamine mankhwala othandizira (Levo-dopa, dopamine agonists) akhala akugwirizanitsidwa ndi CSB ndi mavuto ena oyendetsa mphamvu (Weintraub et al, 2010). Kafukufuku ochepa omwe amagwiritsira ntchito naltrexone kumathandiza kuti achepetse zovuta ndi makhalidwe omwe amapezeka ndi CSB (Raymond et al, 2010), mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa opioidergic ya mesolimbic dopamine ntchito yochepetsera CSB. Pakalipano, zazikulu, zoyenera kuchita, kufufuza za m'magazi ndi mayesero a mankhwala ndizofunika kuti mudziwe bwino CSB.
Zokakamizira zotsitsimula zimakhudzana ndi kugonana kokwanira. A CSB ndi amuna omwe si a CSB anali ndi chigwirizano chochulukitsa kugonana, ventral striatum, ndi amygdala (Voon et al, 2014). Muzochitika za CSB, kugwirizanitsa ntchito kwaukonde umenewu kumakhudzana ndi chilakolako chogonana chokhudzana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana, motero kuwonetsa ndi zomwe zapezeka m'zoledzeretsa za mankhwala (Voon et al, 2014). Amayi a CSB akuwonetsanso chidwi choyang'ana zolaula, zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu ayambe kuyankhapo mofulumira monga momwe amachitira (Mechelmans et al, 2014). Mu CSB ndi odwala omwe si a CSB PD, kufotokoza zolaula kumawonjezereka kuchitapo kanthu pazomwe zimagwira ntchito pochita zinthu, komanso kugwirizana ndi chilakolako cha kugonana (Politis et al, 2013). Kuphunzira mwachidule kowonongeka kumaphatikizapo zovuta zowonongeka mu CSB ndi amuna omwe si a CSB (Miner et al, 2009).
Mosiyana ndi izi, kafukufuku wa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino amapereka gawo lothandiza popanga zithunzi zolaula. Mwa abambo athanzi, nthawi yochulukirapo yomwe amakhala akuwonerera zolaula zokhudzana ndi zochitika zotsika kumanzere kuzithunzi zolaula (Kühn and Gallinat, 2014). Kuchepetsa pang'ono zithunzi zolaula kumaonedwa m'nkhani zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Zotsatirazi, pamene zikusiyana, sizili zofanana. Kuchita chithunzi pazithunzi zokhudzana ndi kanema kavidiyo kungapangidwe kwa anthu abwino omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri; pamene, maphunziro a CSB omwe ali ndi mphamvu / zovuta kwambiri angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito.
Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wamakono aposachedwapa awonetsa kuti njira zina zothetsera ubongo za CSB zikhoza kuchitika, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitidwa ngati zowonongeka zopatsidwa njira zoperewera (mwachitsanzo, kukula kwazing'ono, zojambula, magawo a amuna okha, ndi zina zotero). Ziphuphu zamakono zofukufuku zikuphatikiza zovuta kutsimikizira ngati CSB ikuyendetsedwa ngati mowa kapena ayi. Kafukufuku wowonjezera amafunika kuti amvetsetse momwe zigawo zogwirira ntchito zimagwirizanirana ndi zofunikira zogonana monga zotsatira za mankhwala a CSB. Kuwonetsa CSB monga 'chizoloŵezi chochita chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe' kungakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa zoyendetsera ndondomeko, zopewera ndi zachipatala; Komabe, panthawiyi, kafufuzidwe ndiyake. Chifukwa cha zofanana pakati pa CSB ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, njira zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zingakhale ndi lonjezo kwa CSB, motero zimapereka chidziwitso cha kafukufuku wamtsogolo kuti akafufuze zomwe zingatheke mwachindunji.
- Kühn S, Gallinat J (2014). Maonekedwe a ubongo ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito zogwirizana ndi zolaula: ubongo pa zolaula. JAMA Psychiatry 71: 827-834.
- Mechelmans DJ, Irvine M, Banca P, Porter L, Mitchell S, Mole TB ndi al (2014). Kupititsa patsogolo chisankho chokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe osagonana. PloS One 9: e105476.
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- Raymond NC, Grant JE, Coleman E (2010). Kuwonjezereka ndi kudziletsa kuti muzitsatira khalidwe logonana. Ann Clin Psychiatry 22: 55-62.
- Von V, Mole TB, Banca P, Porter L, Morris L, Mitchell S et al (2014). Neural correlates of reactivity cac reactivity kwa anthu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe opanda kugonana. PloS One 9: e102419.
- Weintraub D, Koester J, Potenza MN, Siderowf AD, Stacy M, Voon V et al (2010). Kusokoneza matenda osokoneza bongo ku Parkinson matenda: Kufufuza kwa anthu odwala 3090. Arch Neurol 67: 589-595. Maphunziro a Neuropsychopharmacology (2016) 41, 385-386; onetsani: 10.1038 / npp.2015.300
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