Kafukufuku wolumikiza zolaula ndi zolakwira, chiwawa, komanso kukakamiza kugonana

kafukufuku wazakugonana

CHIGAWO # 1: Kafukufuku wolumikiza zolaula ndi zolakwitsa, nkhanza zogonana, komanso kukakamiza kugonana (zolembedwa ndi tsiku lofalitsa)

  1. Kuwonetsa zotsatira za kusokoneza chiwawa pa akazi (1978)
  2. Kujambula kuganiza ngati ntchito yowonongeka ndi kugonana (1981)
  3. Zochitika za kugonana Survey: Chida chofufuzira kufufuza za chiwawa ndi kugwiriridwa (1982)
  4. Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kugonana ndi Kugonjetsedwa Kwachiwerewere (1982)
  5. Kuwonetsa zolaula, zifukwa zotsutsa komanso zosavomerezeka, komanso zachiwawa za amuna (1983)
  6. Zotsatira zolaula zolaula pa zikhulupiliro zogwiririra: Kusiyana kwa wina aliyense (1985)
  7. Nkhanza Zogonana M'masewera: Zotsatira Zowonongeka pa Chiwawa cha Akazi (1986)
  8. Kufufuzidwa kwakukulu pa ntchito ya zolaula poyankhula ndi kuzunza akazi (1987)
  9. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula m'mabuku ophwanya malamulo komanso okhudzana ndi chiwerewere (1987)
  10. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zowonongeka ndi ogwidwa, ana aang'ono, ndi a nonoffenders (1988)
  11. Zithunzi zolaula komanso zokhudzana ndi kugonana (1988)
  12. Malingaliro a amayi ndi malingaliro okhudza kugwiriridwa monga ntchito yoyamba kuonera zolaula (1992)
  13. Zitsanzo zowonetsera zolaula pakati pa anthu ogonana, ana aang'ono, komanso maulamuliro (1993)
  14. Zithunzi zolaula ndi zachiwawa: Zogwirizana za ziwawa ndi zosavomerezeka ndi kugwiriridwa ndi kugwiriridwa (1993)
  15. Zithunzi Zolaula, Amuna Akazi Amtima, ndi Kugonana: A Structural Equation Model (1993)
  16. Kubwereza Tsiku ndi Kugonana Ku College Amuna: Chikoka ndi Kuphatikizidwa kwa Chikoka, Mkwiyo, Kukhumudwitsa, Psychopathology, Kutengera Zochita ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani ntchito (1994)
  17. Zithunzi zolaula ndi kuzunza akazi (1994)
  18. Zithunzi zolaula ndi kuzunza akazi: chiphunzitso chochita (1994)
  19. Zotsatira zolaula zolaula pazikhulupiriro zozizwitsa zowona kugonana: Kuphunzira kwa amuna a ku Japan (1994)
  20. Zotsatira za kuwonetsa zachiwawa zogonana poganizira za kugwiriridwa (1995)
  21. Mgwirizano pakati pa zolaula ndi kugwedeza ana (1997)
  22. Zithunzi zolaula komanso kuchitira nkhanza akazi a ku Canada pokhala ndi zibwenzi (1998)
  23. Zithunzi zolaula ndi kuzunza akazi: chiphunzitso chochita (1998)
  24. Kufufuza kugwirizana pakati pa zolaula ndi chiwawa cha kugonana (2000)
  25. Udindo wa zolaula m'maganizo okhudzana ndi kugonana (2001)
  26. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula panthawi ya chilakolako cha kugonana (2004)
  27. Kufufuza kwa Zinthu Zowonjezera Zokhudzana ndi Zosagwirizana Zosagonana Zowonongeka Pakati pa Akuluakulu Okhudzidwa (2004)
  28. Pamene Mawu Sali Okwanira: Kufufuza Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula Kwa Akazi Ozunzidwa (2004)
  29. Zithunzi zolaula ndi achinyamata: kufunika kwa kusiyana kwake (2005)
  30. Zinthu Zowopsa kwa Amuna Ogonana Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Ambiri (2005)
  31. Kuthekera kwa Amuna Kugonana: Zovuta za Mowa, Kugonana Kwachisangalalo, ndi Zolaula Zankhanza (2006)
  32. Zomwe zimagwirizanitsa chikhulupiliro kwa amayi chifukwa chochita zachiwawa zolaula: Zotsatira za mowa ndi chiwerewere chogonana (2006)
  33. Kulosera za chiwerewere: udindo wa zolaula pazomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa (2007).
  34. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula komanso kudziwonetsera nokha kuchitirana chiwawa pakati pa achinyamata (2007)
  35. Zotsatira za nkhani zachichepere zokhuza kugonana, kuzunzidwa komanso zosafuna zolaula pa intaneti (2007)
  36. Ubale pakati pa kugonana kwa pa Intaneti, kusagwirizana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, kugonana komanso chithandizo cha chiwawa chogonana achinyamata (2007)
  37. Kugwirizanitsa Amuna Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zogonana Pofuna Kulamulira Zotsatira za Ubale Wachiwawa (2008)
  38. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiwawa: kugwiritsidwa kwafupipafupi ndi mtundu wa zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito kubwereza kachiwiri pakati pa ophana (2008)
  39. Kufunika kwa Kusiyanitsa Kwaokha Pa Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito: Zopeka Zongopeka ndi Zotsatira za Kuchitira Nkhanza (2009)
  40. Zithunzi zolaula zimakhala ngati chiopsezo cha khalidwe lachiwawa pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (2009)
  41. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zachikazi ndi Kukakamiza Kugonana (2009)
  42. Kodi chiwawa chogonana chikugwirizana ndi kuwonetsa intaneti? Umboni wochokera ku Spain (2009)
  43. Kuyerekeza ndi mtundu wachinyengo wa achinyamata owonetsa zolaula kumawonetsa kusakhala kwa ubale pakati pa zolaula ndi makhalidwe okhudzana ndi kugonana (2010)
  44. Mavuto ndi Aggregate Data ndi Kufunika kwa Kusiyanitsa Kwawo Pa Phunziro la Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kugonana: Nkhani pa Diamond, Jozifkova, ndi Weiss (2010)
  45. Kuwonetsa zolaula pa moyo ndi kuopsa kwa zilakolako za kugonana: Zotsatira zamatsenga ndi zakathari (2011)
  46. Masewera a Misala pa Kugonana kwa Achinyamata Kuwonetsa Zomwe Zimayesedwa Chifukwa cha Causality (2011)
  47. Zithunzi zolaula Kuwona pakati pa abambo Amuna: Zotsatira za Ogonjera, Kulolera Kubwezeretsa Nthano ndi Kufuna Kuchita Chiwerewere (2011)
  48. Zolemba ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata: kodi pali kugwirizana? (2011)
  49. Kuonerera zolaula kusiyanasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi chiwawa: Kuphunzira kufufuza ku Italy (2011)
  50. Kusiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi amuna omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere wamwamuna omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa zokhuza kugonana: zotsutsa zachitukuko ndi kufanana kwa makhalidwe (2011)
  51. Zithunzi zolaula, Kusiyanitsa kwa munthu payekha pangozi ndi kuvomereza nkhanza kwa azimayi kuimira chitsanzo (2012)
  52. Zotsatira za Kuwonetsa Zithunzi Zolaula pa Zachikhalidwe Zachikhalidwe Zachimuna (2012)
  53. Gawo Lachiwiri: Kusiyana pakati pa anthu omwe akugonana ndi abambo omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka amuna omwe akugonana ndi achinyamata omwe akugonjetsa achinyamata: Kuyerekezera gulu limodzi ndi zotsutsana ndi zochitika zachitukuko (2012)
  54. Internet Broadband: Kodi Chidziwitso Choipa kwa Kugonana? (2013)
  55. "Nanga nchifukwa ninji unachita izo?": Malongososoledwe operekedwa ndi Child Pornography Offenders (2013)
  56. Kodi zolaula zonyansa zimagwiritsa ntchito kutsogolo kwa Guttman? (2013)
  57. Kuonjezera Misonkho ya Amuna Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Ochita Zachiwawa Ochita Zachiwerewere Padziko Lonse la Achinyamata (2013)
  58. Anal heterosex pakati pa achinyamata komanso zomwe zimakhudza kupititsa patsogolo umoyo: maphunziro apamwamba ku UK (2014)
  59. Zotsatira Zowonongeka Zowonongeka ku Zithunzi Zolaula Kusintha Kwambiri kwa Makhalidwe a Munthu ndi Kusakanikirana kwa Kugonana Kwachiwerewere (2014)
  60. Kugonana, kugwiriridwa ndi kugwiriridwa: maganizo ndi zochitika za ophunzira a sekondale ku South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (2014)
  61. Zithunzi Zolaula, Mowa, ndi Kugonana kwa Amuna (2014)
  62. Kutenga Zachiwawa Zochitika Zina mwa Azimayi Ophwanyika Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zochitika Zogonana Zosinthidwa Survey ndi Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (2014)
  63. Zochitika Zowononga Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Akazi Ozunzidwa: Njira Zatsopano Zowonjezera mu Kafukufuku ndi Nthano (2015)
  64. Kuwonera zolaula za ana: Kufala ndi kulumikizana kwa anthu a ku Sweden (2015)
  65. Kufufuza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Kugonana: Kodi Chiyanjano ndi Kugonana Ndi Chiyani? (2015)
  66. Cholinga cha amuna Cholinga cha Mauthenga, Zofuna za Akazi, ndi Maganizo Ochirikiza Chiwawa Chomenyana ndi Akazi (2015)
  67. Kodi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiwawa chogonana? Kuwerenganso Chitsanzo cha Confluence poganizira zinthu zitatu zosiyana (2015)
  68. Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kuchita Chiwawa pakati pa Chitsanzo cha Anthu Ambiri Achimuna ndi Achimapanishi, Achinyamata Akukhala M'mudzi, Achinyamata Ochepa (2015)
  69. Zomwe Zimayambitsa Nthawi Zowopsa ndi Kugonana Kuchita Zophatikiza Pakati pa Amuna Ophunzira a Chigulu (2015)
  70. Zithunzi Zolaula, Kulimbikitsidwa Pogonana ndi Kugonana ndi Kutumizirana Mameseji Achiwerewere mu Ubale Wachibwenzi Wa Achinyamata: Phunziro la European (2016)
  71. Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito: Udindo Wa Zithunzi Zolaula Zakale Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Gwiritsani Ntchito ndi Kusiyanitsa Kwaokha (2016)
  72. Malingaliro okhudza kugwiriridwa kwa kugonana ndi ophunzira a ku sekondale ku Poland: akugwirizana ndi zoopsa zogonana, zithunzi zolaula, ndi chipembedzo (2016)
  73. Zithunzi Zolaula, Kulimbikitsidwa Pogonana ndi Kugonana ndi Kutumizirana Mameseji Achiwerewere mu Ubale Wachibwenzi Wa Achinyamata: Phunziro la European (2016)
  74. Ophwanya Zachiwerewere Achinyamata (2016)
  75. Amakhala ndi Moyo Wophunzira Zokhudza Kugonana Kwa Achinyamata: Phunziro la Phunziro lachiwerewere (2016)
  76. Kunyansidwa Kwambiri: Kutanthauzira ndi Kuchita Kanthu pa Maso a Mkazi (2016)
  77. Kulosera za Kukula kwa Zachiwawa Pakati pa Achinyamata (2017)
  78. Kufufuza Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Monga Kukonzekera Kwa Amuna Amuna Kapena Amuna (2017)
  79. Zoposa Magazini: Kufufuza Maulalo Pakati Pa Magazi A Magazi, Kuvomerezeka Kwa Rape, ndi Rc Proclivity (2017)
  80. Amuna achikhalidwe, anzawo, zithunzi zolaula, Facebook, ndi amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (2017))
  81. Kulankhula za ana omwe amazunzidwa ndi kugonana kunandithandiza Achinyamata omwe amachitira nkhanza za kugonana amalingalira za kupewa njira yowononga zakugonana (2017)
  82. Kuwoloka Zopindulitsa Kuchokera ku Zigwiritsirani Ntchito Kuvuto Vuto: Nthawi Zambiri ndi Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zimagwiritsanso Ntchito Monga Owonetsa Zokakamiza Zogonana Zogonana (2017)
  83. Kuumiriza kugonana, kugonana, kapena kugonana: momwe kuchuluka kumakhudzira kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa chiwawa cha kugonana (2017)
  84. Kukhazikitsa Pakati pa Zopeka: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malingaliro Amaganizo Okhudzana ndi Chiwerewere Kufotokozera Ubwenzi Pakati pa Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Kulimbikitsana (2018)
  85. Sadistic Sexual Sex on Women in Mozambique: Chikoka cha Zithunzi Zolaula? (2018)
  86. Kuwonetseratu kolakwika kwa unyamata ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi matenda opweteka (2018)
  87. Zomwe zimayambitsa zowonongeka ndi zolaula zomwe zimawonetsedwa mwa amuna pa zomwe zimachitidwa kwa amayi: kukakamizidwa, kugonana, kusankhana (2018)
  88. "Kuwonjezera mafuta pamoto"? Kodi kufotokoza kwa anthu akuluakulu omwe sali ololera kapena zolaula kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kugonana? (2018)
  89. Kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti ndi khalidwe lochitira zachiwerewere: kutetezera thandizo lachikhalidwe pakati pa achinyamata a ku Korea (2018)
  90. Zosokoneza Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Nkhanza Zogonana Zogonana ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Ogonana Pakati pa Amuna A Batterer Poteteza Mapulogalamu (2018)
  91. Pamene "ubongo wamalingaliro" umatha - Kuphunzira moyenera zokhudzana ndi zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha khalidwe la kugonana malinga ndi odwala ndi othandizira mankhwala (2019)
  92. Mgwirizano pakati pa Pakati pa Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Achinyamata Achibwenzi Achinyamata Akuluakulu a 10 High School Students (2019)
  93. Zomwe Zimateteza ku Machitidwe a Pedophilic (2019)
  94. Umboni wa Zolaula ndi Ma Rapes Kuchokera ku Outor YouTube Outage (2019)
  95. Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Zakugonana: Kafukufuku wokhudza Amayi Omwe Akukwatirana Am'madera Akuti a Tirunelveli (2019)
  96. Kukakamizidwa Kugonana Ndi Amayi: Mphamvu Zowonera Zokhudza Zolaula komanso Zoipa za Anthu Osaneneka ndi Zosiyanasiyana (2019)
  97. Ngati Simungathe Tube ... Zotsatira Zakutha Kwambiri pa YouTube pa Rapes (2019)
  98. Ana omwe adachita zadama zomwe zimabweretsa vuto logonana (2019)
  99. Kodi zolaula zokhudzana ndi zachiwerewere zimayenderana ndi chiwerewere chaubwenzi? Udindo wowongolera wamaganizidwe apakati pa azimayi ndi nkhanza (2019)
  100. Zithunzi Zolaula, Masculinity, komanso Kugonana pa Amisala Koleji (2020).
  101. Kuthandizana ndi amuna anzawo komanso kuchitiridwa zachipongwe: ubale wapakati pa mbiri yayikulu, kutenga nawo mbali pasukulu yasekondale komanso kuchita zadama.
  102. Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kuchitiridwa Zachiwerewere Paubwenzi Pakati pa Zithunzi Zolaula Zapaintaneti ndi Kudziletsa (2020)
  103. Chitsanzo cha Kukhudzika Kugonana: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndi Achinyamata Achinyamata (2020)
  104. Kusanthula Kwaku United States kwa Imfa ndi Zofufuza za Google pa Zolaula: Insight from The Life History Theory (2020)
  105. Makhalidwe ndi ziwopsezo zomwe achinyamata amakhala olakwira (2020).
  106. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mowa, komanso Kugonana (2020)
  107. Kuyesedwa kwa Njira Yophunzirira Pagulu Pofotokozera Achinyamata Akukoleji Paintaneti Komanso Kuchita Zachipongwe Paintaneti (2020)
  108. Kuzindikira Kulumikizana Pakati Pazachiwawa Zogonana Ndi Zolaula (2020)
  109. Zomwe zimanenedweratu za nkhanza zakugonana: Kuyesa mizati inayi ya Confluence Model mu zitsanzo zazikulu za amuna aku koleji (2021)
  110. Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito, Njira Ziwiri Zodzichotsera Umunthu, komanso Kuponderezana Pakugonana: Maganizo Ndi Omwe Amachita Zinthu (2021)
  111. Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Zachiwawa Zogwirizana Ndi Omwe Amagwirizana Mwa Ena Mwa Asitikali Ankhondo aku US ku 2018: Phunziro Loyambira Pakati (2021)
  112. Makhalidwe Ogonana ndi Nkhanza mu Zithunzi Zolaula za Gay (2022)
  113. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Chiwawa: Kuwunika Mwadongosolo kwa Zaka 20 Zomaliza (2023)

  114. Kuwonetsedwa pazogonana komanso zovuta zogonana mwa ana ndi achinyamata: kuwunika mwadongosolo komanso kusanthula meta (2023)

  115. Kukula kwa Kukwapula, Kumenya, ndi Kuwombera: Kuunika Kwautali Kwaukali mu Zithunzi Zolaula (2025)

CHIGAWO # 2: Koma kodi kugwiririra ndi nkhanza zogonana sizinachepe kuyambira pomwe zolaula za pa intaneti zidayamba?

Kodi mwamvapo zomwe anthu amanena mobwerezabwereza (ndi malo ochezera zolaula ndi olimbikitsa zolaula ) kuti "kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa ?" Malinga ndi ziwerengero zatsopano zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi FBI (chidutswa pansipa), chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa (pa anthu 100,000) chawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 2014-2016 (chaka chatha chomwe ziwerengero zake zilipo). Ku UK, panali milandu yogonana yokwana 138,045, yomwe idakwera ndi 23%, m'miyezi 12 isanafike Seputembala, 2017.

Koma kodi kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa sikunachepe kuyambira pomwe zolaula za pa intaneti zidayamba? M'maiko ena inde , ndipo m'maiko ena ayi . Kunenetsa kuti kupezeka kwa zolaula kukugwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kumadalira deta yadziko lonse kuchokera kumayiko ochepa osankhidwa otukuka. Monga momwe zafotokozedwera m'magawo 5 otsatirawa, zonenetsa izi zikuphatikizapo nyumba yamakhadi, yomwe imanyalanyaza deta yotsutsana ndi zinthu zofunika, monga:

  1. Maiko otukuka adayamba kuchepa (pa 100K ya anthu - gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiriridwa) mu a zaka zambiri omwe angachite zachiwerewere (12-34) monga anthu akulira.
  2. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mitengo yakugwiriridwa nthawi zambiri imanenedwa - ndipo mwina itha kukhala ikukwera mzaka 20 zapitazi.
  3. Mayiko angapo anena kuti chiwonjezeko cha ziwengo mu nthawi yomweyi.
  4. Mitengo ya zolakwa zachiwerewere zikukula ku US ndi United Kingdom (ogwiritsa ntchito awiri akulu a Pornhub).
  5. Kafukufuku wowunika omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula akuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa zolaula ndikuwonjezeka kwa chiwawa chogonana, kuzunza ndi kukakamiza (kuwunika kolemba ndi kusanthula meta).
  6. Mitengo yaku US onse Zowawa zachiwawa zinayendetsa 1990, ndipo zinakana mpaka pafupi ndi 2013, pamene chiwerengero cha kugwiririra chinayamba kuwuka. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ziwengozo zatsika pang'ono (pamitundu yaupandu) pomwe zina zimatsika.

Pothetsa bodzali:

#1 - Nanga bwanji zosintha zina zokhudzana ndi ziwawa zapachiwawa?

Kugwirizana sikugwirizana ndi chifukwa. Zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zikuchititsa kuti chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chichepe m'maiko ena. Chinthu chodziwikiratu chomwe chimagwira ntchito ndichakuti mayiko otukuka akumana ndi kuchepa (pa 100K ya anthu) m'gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wochita ziwawa zogonana (12-34) pamene chiwerengero cha anthu chikukula . Monga mukuonera pachithunzichi, ziwerengero za milandu yonse yachiwawa ku US zinafika pachimake cha mu 1990, kenako zinatsika mpaka cha m'ma 2013, pamene chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chinayamba kukwera . Chofunika kudziwa kuti chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chinatsika kwambiri (pa magulu a milandu) panthawiyi:

Kuchepa kwaumbanda wachiwawa komweko kudachitika ndikuwonjezereka kwa anthu okalamba pa 100K yaanthu, ndi kuchepa kwamtunduwu pazaka zomwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochita zachiwawa. Kusintha kwa demokalase kumeneku kwachitika m'mayiko ambiri “oyamba”. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha 1990 pofika zaka. Onani kuchuluka kwa anthu azaka za 15 mpaka 44.

Kenako, kugawa kwa anthu mu 2015 malinga ndi zaka. Onani kuchepa kwa magulu azaka omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wochita zachiwawa, komanso momwe anthu okalamba amapangira chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu.

Kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa kungayambitse kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chomwe chanenedwa pa 100K ya anthu, ngati chiwerengerocho chatsikadi (zomwe akatswiri ena adatsutsa). Wofufuza Neil Malamuth adayankha pamndandanda waukulu wa nkhani zokhudzana ndi kugonana womwe udaperekedwa ku mapepala a Milton Diamond (omwe akatswiri ena azachiwerewere adanenetsa kuti ndi umboni wa zomwe adanena mosasamala):

Nkhani ya Aggregate - Mwachilengedwe, zikuwoneka ngati zomveka kuti "pansi" ndizomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuchitika mu "dziko lenileni" (mwachitsanzo, ziwopsezo zankhanza zankhanza) monga zachiwawa zapa media komanso / kapena zolaula zilipo kuchuluka kwa zaka. Ndikuganiza kuti m'malo mwake, zovuta pakuyang'ana izi ndizabwino ndipo ndizosatheka kufikira pazomwe zikuchitika ndikuwunikira pazomwe zaphatikizidwazo. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani mayanjano otsatirawa: Chiwerengero cha mfuti ku US komanso kuchuluka kwa apolisi.

Monga momwe zawululidwira m'nkhani yotsatirayi Pew: Chiwerengero cha Kupha Anthu Chachepa Pakati pa Zaka 20 Zapitazi (Pamene Ufulu Watsopano wa Mfuti Ukukula) pamene chiwerengero cha mfuti ku US chawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka makumi awiri zapitazi, chiwerengero cha kupha anthu chachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndi angati a ife omwe ali okonzeka kunena kuti kupezeka kwa mfuti ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri ndipo kwathandizira kuchepetsa kupha anthu, monga momwe ena angaganizire mwachangu? Ine ndi Drew Kingston tikukambirana nkhaniyi mozama m'mawu awa: Mavuto ndi Deta Yonse ndi Kufunika kwa Kusiyana kwa Munthu Payekha Pakafukufuku wa Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Nkhanza Zogonana (2010).

Deta yonse ya zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana yokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi upandu (monga ntchito yofunika ya Mickey Diamond) yapezeka, monga momwe ndikudziwira, ku Denmark ndi ku Japan kokha. M'maiko awiriwa, nthawi zambiri pakhala pali kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa milandu yodziwika bwino yokhudza nkhanza zogonana . Titha kuyembekezera kutengera deta imeneyo komanso magwero ena angapo a deta kuti m'maiko awa, pali amuna ochepa omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochita nkhanza zogonana (mkati mwa chikhalidwe ndi m'mikhalidwe yosakhala yankhondo). Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi zomwe Confluence Model yaneneratu, m'maiko otere tinganeneretu kuwonjezeka pang'ono kapena kusapezeka konse kwa nkhanza zogonana pamene kupezeka kwa zolaula kukuwonjezeka, monga momwe Diamond ndi anzake adanenera.

Kumbukirani, kuti amuna omwe taphunzira ku USA omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa sanawonetsere kukula kwina ngakhale ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Monga momwe ndayesera, monga momwe ndanenera poyamba, Marteni Hald ndi ine tinapeza kuti ngakhale ku Denmark, amuna omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chokwanira makamaka akuwonetsa malingaliro akuluakulu akuvomereza chiwawa kwa akazi ngati ntchito zonse zoyesedwa mu labata komanso " gulu "la padziko lapansi (onani buku la 2015). Ndikanakhala wokondwa kwambiri kuona chomwe chingachitike ngati kusintha kwakukulu kuchitika pakapezeka zolaula m'mayiko omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chochuluka cha amuna omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kugonana, kugonana, malingaliro ovomereza chiwawa kwa amayi, kuzunza akazi, ndi zina zotero. ).

Komanso, kuchuluka kwa milandu yodziwika sikungakhale kokha "komwe kumadalira" kuwunika (onani pansipa). Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa nkhanza kwa akazi ku Japan kuli kotsika kwambiri (ndipo zomwe ndakumana nazo zaka zambiri zapitazo pamene ndinkapita ku Japan zikusonyeza kuti akazi ankamva kuti ali otetezeka poyenda m'misewu usiku) kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa komwe kunalembedwapo tsiku limodzi kunali kwa amuna aku Japan (ku China mumzinda wa Nanking). Chifukwa chake, chikhalidwe chitavomereza chiwawachi, nkhanza zomwe zingachitike zitha kuonekera kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Japan komwe kulipo, zikuwoneka kuti pali zizindikiro zina za zomwe zingaganizidwe kuti ndi nkhanza zogonana komanso zochita zokhudzana ndi akazi (monga, m'chaka cha 2000, magalimoto apadera a sitima adayambitsidwa kuti akazi azitha kulimbana ndi kusaka kwa amuna (chikan).

Magazini ya "Variable Variable"

Monga ndanenera kale, Confluence Model imayang'ana kwambiri pa malingaliro ndi machitidwe ankhanza okhudzana ndi kugonana mwa amuna ambiri, makamaka ophunzira aku koleji. Pafupifupi palibe aliyense mwa omwe taphunzira omwe adaweruzidwapo. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa milandu yodziwika sikuli kofunikira kwenikweni. Monga gawo la zokambirana za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chitsanzochi, tapereka lingaliro kwa zaka zambiri kuti pankhani ya anthu oweruzidwa, chitsanzochi sichili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu chifukwa zikuwoneka kuti ndi amuna otere "makhalidwe otsutsana ndi chikhalidwe" ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwambiri. Amuna oweruzidwawa nthawi zambiri si "akatswiri" koma amatha kuchita milandu yosiyanasiyana.

Njira zomwe zakhala zikuwonetsa kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino poneneratu za anthu omwe amawachitira zachipongwe omwe timaphunzira, (udani kwa akazi, malingaliro othandizira nkhanza kwa akazi, ndi zina zotero) sizinapezeke kuti zikuwonetsa zigawenga zodziwika bwino m'derali. Ngakhale kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa nkhanza zogonana pakati pa ophunzira kungakhale kofunikira, sizikudziwika bwino ngati izi zawonjezeka kapena zachepa m'zaka zapitazi kapena ngati pakhala chisamaliro chochulukirapo pankhaniyi (ndikuganiza kuti izi ndizofunikira). Izi zikugwirizananso ndi "vuto lonse": Ngakhale kupezeka kwa zolaula kwawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi, nthawi yomweyo pakhala njira zambiri zochepetsera nkhanza zogonana ndikuwonjezera chidziwitso choyenera.

Pafupifupi yunivesite iliyonse mdziko muno yalamula kuti anthu onse atsopano achitepo kanthu, zomwe sizinali choncho zaka zapitazo. Kungoganiza kuti zoulutsa nkhani zina zitha kupangitsa kuti anthu azichita zachiwerewere, titha bwanji kuzindikira kuti izi zikuwoneka kuti zikuchitika nthawi zambiri?

Mndandanda wokambirana za sexology udapitilirabe. Izi ndi zomwe Neil Malamuth adanena pa kafukufuku wa a Diamond ("Munalemba" ndiwofunsa, yankho ndi Malamuth):

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi milandu yokhudza kugonana: Ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri akuwoneka kuti ali ndi lingaliro lakuti kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi wasonyeza kugwirizana kosiyana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kugwiririra. Sindikukhulupirira kuti izi ndi zoona konse. Ngati mupita patsamba la Milton Diamond mutha kuwona kuti deta ikalekanitsidwa pakati pa nkhanza zogonana ndi kugwiririra ana, ndizodziwikiratu kuti yachiwiriyo sinachepe (komanso sinachuluke) pamene zolaula zinayamba kupezeka. Kuphatikiza apo mutha kuwona kuti pali zitsanzo za mayiko komwe, pamakhala mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa awiriwa . Mwachitsanzo, pali nkhani pamenepo yomwe ikusonyeza kuti,

"Papua New Guinea, ndi dziko lomwe limakonda kwambiri zolaula padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi Google Trends. PNG ili ndi anthu ochepera 8 miliyoni ndipo anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti, koma ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe amafufuza mawu oti "zolaula" ndi "zolaula" poyerekeza ndi anthu onse omwe amafufuza mdzikolo. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu The Lancet adati amuna 59 pa 100 aliwonse ku PNG Autonomous Region ku Bougainville adagwiririra akazi awo ndipo 41 pa 100 aliwonse adagwiririra mkazi yemwe sanali mnzake.

Kuphatikiza apo, nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kuti mayiko khumi apamwamba omwe akusaka 'zolaula': Google Trends
1. Papua New Guinea
2. Zimbabwe
3. Kenya
4. Botswana
5. Zambia
6. Ethiopia
7. Malawi
8 Uganda
9. Fiji
10 Nigeria

Ndikuganiza kuti pakati pawo pamakhalanso maiko omwe ali ndi ziwengo zambiri zakugonana ndi mitundu ina ya nkhanza kwa amayi. Chonde dziwani kuti sindikutsutsa kuti zolaula ndi "zofunikira" kapena "ndizoyambitsa" koma ndikutsutsana ndi chikhulupiriro chofala chakuti padziko lonse lapansi kapena kwa nthawi yayitali kuti gulu losagwirizana lawonetsedwa pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula. Zingakhale zosangalatsa kuchititsa kafukufuku yemwe amayang'ana pamwambowu pambuyo poti awongolere ziwopsezo za Confluence Model, makamaka Hantic Masculinity. Ndikulosera kuti m'maiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, pali ubale wabwino pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kugwiririra (makamaka pakati pa amuna makamaka pamilandu yongowerengedwa) koma osagwirizana kapena osagwirizana m'mayiko omwe ali ndi amuna ochepa omwe ali chiopsezo malinga ndi Confluence Model.

ZINTHU ZONSE: Pakati pa anthu, zolaula zingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino pa zolakwa za kugonana

YANKHO: Monga ndanenera kale, sindikukhulupirira kuti deta ya Diamond ndi yofanana nayo imasonyeza zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa pankhani ya milandu yogonana. Monga momwe Diamond ndi anzake adanenera, detayo ikuwonetsa ubale wosiyana pakati pa kupezeka kwa zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana ndi ana. Palibe mgwirizano wofanana pakati pa zolaula ndi kugwiriridwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kugwiriridwa ndi makhalidwe a ogwiririra ndi ogwirira ana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndipo siziyenera kuikidwa pamodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, detayo ndi yogwirizana pamlingo wa dziko lonse ndipo imafuna kusamala kwambiri za ubale womwe umayambitsa, chifukwa cha "vuto lonse" (Kingston & Malamuth, 2011).

Chomwe chingatheke ndi chidaliro ndichakuti m'maiko omwe aphunziridwa, palibe kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiririra pamene malamulo a zolaula asinthidwa kuti alole kuti zolaula zipezeke kwambiri. Komanso, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zikuwoneka kuti mayiko onse omwe aphunziridwa ndi Diamond ndi anzawo akuwoneka kuti ndi omwe angakhale ndi amuna ochepa omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chochita zachiwawa zogonana. Sindinayang'anepo kale ku Croatia, koma kufufuza mwachangu pa google kukuwonetsa kuti 94% sakugwirizana ndi mawu akuti akazi ayenera kulekerera chiwawa kuti banja likhale limodzi.

ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KUTI: Koma, pakati pa anthu omwe akupezekapo kumeneko anthu amatha kuona zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerewere chiwone chiopsezo chogonana, chifukwa cha zifukwa zoopsa

YANKHO: likugwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe mudalemba koma linalembedwa mosiyana pang'ono: kwa amuna ambiri omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu pazifukwa "zofunikira" zoopsa, deta ikuwonetsa mwamphamvu kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula "kwambiri" kungawonjezere malingaliro achiwawa komanso zizolowezi zogonana.

ZINTHU ZONSE: Mabungwe omwe amalola kuti zolaula zizichita malonda, kuvomereza chiwerengero chochepa cha chiopsezo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti chiwonongeko chochulukirapo chiwonjezeke pa anthu ambiri

YANKHO: Ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kusamala popanga zinthu zambiri zokhudza madera popanda kuganizira kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe pakati pawo. Ndikuganiza kuti kusintha malamulo okhudza zolaula ku Saudi Arabia ndi Denmark kukanakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri. Komanso, ndikuganiza kuti kuyang'ana kwambiri milandu yokhudza kugonana, makamaka kugwiririra, kungakhale vuto. Mwachitsanzo, monga talembera kwina, Japan nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati imodzi mwa zitsanzo zazikulu za mayiko omwe zolaula zimapezeka kwambiri (kuphatikizapo zolaula "zachiwawa") ndipo kuchuluka kwa kugwiririra kuli kotsika kwambiri tsopano komanso m'mbiri.

Dziko la Japan ndi dziko lomwe lakhala ndi ziletso zolimbana ndi nkhanza za "mkati mwa gulu" kwa akazi. Komabe, taganizirani zina zomwe zingachitike: "Kuyenda m'sitima zodzaza anthu kwakhala vuto ku Japan: malinga ndi kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Tokyo Metropolitan Police ndi East Japan Railway Company, awiri mwa atatu mwa okwera akazi azaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30 adanena kuti adayenda m'sitima, ndipo ambiri adazunzidwa pafupipafupi." Pamene nkhanza kwa akazi zaloledwa, zakhala zapamwamba kwambiri (monga, onani Chang, *Kugwiriridwa kwa Nanking*,). Ngakhale sindikutsutsana ndi lingaliro lanu, sindikutsimikiza kuti tingafike pamfundo yotereyi pakadali pano.

Mwachidule, kudalira magawo awiri a chidziwitso cha dziko lonse (zomwe zanenedwa zachiwerewere ndi kupezeka kwa zolaula) kuchokera kumayiko ochepa (kwinaku mukunyalanyaza mazana ena), kuthandizira zonena kuti zolaula zambiri zimayambitsa zolakwa zochepa zakugonana, sizitanthauza kuwuluka pakati pa asayansi owona.

Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu kumayendetsa (mu) kulondola kwa ziwerengero zokhudzana ndi zolakwa za kugonana.

# 2 - Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mitengo yakugwiririra nthawi zambiri imanenedwapo - ndipo mwina itha kukulirakulira.

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mlandu wogwiririra nthawi zonse sumanenedwa mokwanira. Ngakhale malipoti opita kwa apolisi angakhale olakwika kwambiri, monga momwe pepala ili lolembedwa ndi pulofesa wa zamalamulo ku US limanenera: Momwe Mungamangire Bodza ndi Ziwerengero za Kugwiririra: America's Hidden Rape Crisis (2014).

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopanoyi kuti ndidziwe ngati maboma ena alephera kupereka lipoti lenileni la madandaulo okhudza kugwiriridwa omwe adaperekedwa, ndapeza kuti kuwerengera kochepa kwambiri kwa milandu yogwiriridwa ndi madipatimenti apolisi mdziko lonselo. Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 22% mwa madipatimenti apolisi 210 omwe adafufuzidwa omwe ali ndi udindo wosamalira anthu osachepera 100,000 ali ndi zolakwika zazikulu pa ziwerengero zawo za kugwiriridwa zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kuwerengera kochepa kwambiri kuyambira 1995 mpaka 2012. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, chiwerengero cha madera omwe amawerengera ochepa chawonjezeka ndi oposa 61% m'zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zaphunziridwa.

Kukhazikitsa zidziwitso kuti achotse apolisi akucheperachepera poika kuchuluka kwa anthu ophedwa, kafukufukuyu akuyerekeza kuti madandaulo a 796,213 mpaka 1,145,309 akuchimwira kwa akazi omwe akuchitiridwa nkhanza kuzimiririka kuzinthu zonse zomwe zidalembedwa ku 1995 mpaka 2012. Kupitilira apo, zowerengeka zomwe zikuwonetsedwaku zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yowerengera imaphatikizapo khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi mpaka asanu ndi atatu pamitengo yayikulu kwambiri yakugwiriridwa kuyambira pakutsatira deta kudayamba ku 1930. M'malo mokumana ndi "kugwa kwakukulu" kugwiriridwa, America ili pakati pamavuto obisika.

# 3 - Maiko angapo adanenanso zakwera chiwopsezo cha ziwengo panthawi imeneyi.

Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wochokera ku Spain ndi ku Norway anena zomwe zapikisana ndi zonena za diamondi (zonse zimasiyidwa ndi akatswiri azakugonana omwe akuyesera kulengeza kuti zolaula zimachepetsa kugwiriridwa):

  • Kodi chiwawa chogonana chikugwirizana ndi kuwonetsa intaneti? Umboni wochokera ku Spain (2009) - Chidule: Pogwiritsira ntchito deta yolumikiza dera la Spain m'nthawi ya 1998-2006, zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti pali kusintha pakati pa zolaula ndi zolaula pa intaneti, pomwe zolaula zowonjezera pa intaneti zimayambitsa makhalidwe ena achiwerewere monga kugwiriridwa.
  • Internet Broadband: Chidziŵitso Chokwanira Kugonana Kwachiwerewere? (2013) - Ndemanga: Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumayambitsa umbanda? Timagwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha Norway chakuphwanya malamulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti tipeze kuunika pa funso ili. Pulogalamu ya anthu yomwe ili ndi ndalama zopereŵera inayambitsanso zida zowonjezereka kwa 2000-2008, ndipo zimapereka kusiyana kwakukulu kosiyanasiyana pa intaneti. Zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito zimasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa malipoti onse, milandu ndi chigamulo cha kugwiriridwa ndi zolakwa zina zachiwerewere. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti kuwononga kwachindunji kuchitapo kanthu pa chiwerewere ndibwino komanso sikunyozeka, mwinamwake chifukwa cha kuwonongera kolaula.

Yang'anani tebulo ili la kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa ndipo muwona kuti palibe njira yeniyeni yapadziko lonse lapansi (zomwe zikusonyeza vuto la kusonkhanitsa ziwerengero zolondola). Chinthu chimodzi chotsimikizika ndichakuti, Diamond sanatchule mayiko ambiri "amakono" komwe kupezeka kwa zolaula ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kwawonjezeka nthawi imodzi, monga Norway, Sweden, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Iceland, Italy, Argentina, Portugal, ndi zina zotero.

#4 - Mitengo ya zilakolako za kugonana zikukwera ku US ndi United Kingdom (awiri a Pornhub ogwiritsa ntchito akulu)

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zatsopano zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi FBI (onani chithunzi ), chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa (pa anthu 100,000) chawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 2014-2016 (chaka chatha chomwe ziwerengero zake zilipo). Ku UK, panali milandu 138,045 yokhudza kugonana, yomwe idakwera ndi 23%, m'miyezi 12 isanafike Seputembala, 2017. Komabe, panthawi yomweyi:

# 5 -Studies yowunikira ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula enieni akuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa zachiwerewere ndikuwonjezeka kwa chiwawa chogonana, kukwiya komanso kukakamiza (kuwunika kolemba ndi kusanthula meta).

M'malo mopanga maphunziro oyipa pamayiko osankhidwa (osankhidwa bwino?), Bwanji za owerenga oonera zolaula omwe amawongolera zofunikira?

Kusanthula kwa meta kufotokozera mwachidule zotsatira za zolaula II: Kukwiya pambuyo poonekera (1995) - Chidule:

Kufufuza meta ya maphunziro a 30, osindikizidwa 1971-1985, kuti aone zotsatira za kuonera zolaula pa khalidwe laukali pansi pa ma laboratory, poganizira zochitika zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi kugonana, msinkhu wa kupsa mtima, mtundu wa zolaula, chikhalidwe cha S, chikhalidwe cha nkhanza, ndi sing'anga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza nkhani).

Zotsatira zikusonyeza kuti maliseche azithunzi amachititsa kuti munthu azichita zinthu zankhanza, kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosonyeza zachiwerewere zopanda chiwawa kumawonjezera khalidwe lankhanza, komanso kuti zithunzi zachiwerewere zachiwawa zomwe zimawonetsedwa pa TV zimapangitsa kuti munthu azichita zachiwawa kwambiri kuposa zachiwerewere zopanda chiwawa . Palibe mtundu wina wa oyang'anira womwe unapanga zotsatira zofanana.

Zithunzi zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana: kodi pali zotsatira zodalirika ndipo kodi tingazimvetse? (2000) - Chidule:

Poyankha ndemanga zina zaposachedwa, (a) tisanthula mfundo ndi deta zomwe zaperekedwa mu ndemanga zimenezo, (b) kuphatikiza zomwe zapezeka mu chidule cha metaanalytic cha kafukufuku woyesera ndi wachilengedwe, ndi (c) kuchita kusanthula kwa ziwerengero pa chitsanzo chachikulu choyimira. Masitepe onse atatuwa akuchirikiza kukhalapo kwa mgwirizano wodalirika pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi ndi machitidwe ankhanza okhudzana ndi kugonana, makamaka pa zolaula zachiwawa ndi/kapena amuna omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha nkhanza zogonana . Tikupereka lingaliro lakuti momwe amuna ankhanza amatanthauzira ndikuchita nawo zolaula zomwezo zitha kusiyana ndi za amuna osachita zachiwawa, malingaliro omwe amathandiza kuphatikiza kusanthula kwamakono ndi maphunziro poyerekeza ogwiririra ndi osagwiririra komanso kafukufuku wamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kusanthula kwa meta kwa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa pa zotsatira za zolaula (2000) - Chidule:

Kafukufuku wofufuza za 46 omwe adafalitsidwa adachitidwa kuti adziwe zotsatira za zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana, zochitika za kugonana, malingaliro okhudza maubwenzi apamtima, ndi malingaliro onena za kugwiriridwa. Zambiri mwa maphunzirowa adachitidwa ku United States (39; 85%) ndipo adakhala kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1995, ndi 35% (n = 16) yofalitsidwa pakati pa 1990 ndi 1995, ndi 33% (n = 15) pakati pa 1978 ndi 1983. Kukula kwathunthu kwazithunzi za anthu a 12,323 ndi meta yowonetsera. Kukula kwa maonekedwe (d) kunawerengedwa pazomwe zimadalira zofufuza zomwe zinasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya maphunziro, zinali ndi kukula kwazithunzi za 12 kapena zazikulu, ndipo zinaphatikizapo gulu losiyana kapena loyerekeza.

Mavereless opanda kulemera komanso olemera omwe amachokera pazakugonana. kutsimikizira kulumikizana pakati pa chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha chitukuko chosayipa mukakumana ndi zolaula. Zotsatira izi zikuwonetsa kuti kafukufuku womwe wachitika m'derali akhoza kupitilira funso loti zolaula zimatha kuchititsa zachiwawa komanso kuchitira banja ntchito.

Udindo wa zolaula pakuchita zachiwerewere (2007) - Chidule:

Kafufuzidwe ndi Zotsatira za Khalidwe Zogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula

Kwa Weaver (1993), kutsutsana kumachokera ku ziphunzitso zitatu za zotsatira zowonongeka ndi zolaula:

  1. Chikhalidwe cha kugonana monga mtundu wa kuphunzira chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chokhudzana ndi zomwe zakhala zikuletsedwa kapena kubisika (ufulu) - kulepheretsa, kudziimba mlandu, chikhalidwe cha chikunja, kukonzekera kugonana, zonse zomwe zingathetsedwe kudzera mu zolaula (Feshbach, 1955) .2 Kutchinsky (1991) anabwerezanso mfundo imeneyi, kunena kuti kuchuluka kwa kugonana kwagonjetsedwa pamene zithunzi zolaula zinkapezeka mosavuta, kukhala ngati chitetezo choteteza chitetezo cha kugonana ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kugonana. Ngakhale kuti ndizovuta kwambiri, kodi izi zikutanthawuza chiyani kuti zolaula zimapereka mawonekedwe a maphunziro omwe, malinga ndi wolemba, amalephera kuchita. Zingatheke chifukwa mfundoyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi ochirikiza ufulu wa uhule ngati njira yothetsera chiwerengero cha ziwawa zogonana (McGowan, 2005, Vadas, 2005). Maganizo amenewa amachepetsa ulemu waumunthu ndi zomwe zimatanthauza kukhala munthu. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti anthu sizinthu;
  2. Kudetsedwa kwa munthu, mosiyana ndi chiphunzitso choyambirira, ndi zolaula zomwe ndizoyamba komanso chifaniziro cha amuna osadziwika bwino (Jensen, 1996; Stoller, 1991);
  3. Kusintha maganizo kudzera mu fano izo sizigwirizana ndi zenizeni. Mwachidule, zolaula zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ocheperako. Chifukwa chithunzicho sichinthu china koma zowonetsa zolaula, zobwerezabwereza komanso zosatheka, kuseweretsa maliseche ndi gawo la zosokoneza osati mbali ya zenizeni. Zosokoneza izi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwamphamvu komanso kosasintha kwa criminogenic. Kuwonetsedwa pafupipafupi kumam'khumudwitsa munthu posintha pang'ono ndi pang'ono zinthu zake momwe zimakhudzira chidwi (Bushman, 2005; Carich & Calder, 2003; Jansen, Linz, Mulac, & Imrich, 1997; Malamuth, Haber, & Feshbach, 1980; Padgett & Brislin-Slutz, 1989; Silbert & Pines, 1984; Wilson, Colvin, & Smith, 2002; Winick & Evans, 1996; Zillmann & Weaver, 1999).

Mwachidule, kafukufuku amene wachitika mpaka pano sanawonetse bwino mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana, koma mfundo ndi yakuti ofufuza ambiri amagwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi: Kuonera zolaula kwa nthawi yayitali kumachepetsa munthuyo . Izi zinatsimikiziridwa ndi Linz, Donnerstein ndi Penrod mu 1984, kenako Sapolsky chaka chomwecho, Kelley mu 1985, Marshall kenako Zillmann mu 1989, Cramer, McFarlane, Parker, Soeken, Silva, & Reel mu 1998, ndipo posachedwapa, Thornhill ndi Palmer mu 2001, ndi Apanovitch, Hobfoll ndi Salovey mu 2002. Potengera ntchito yawo, ofufuza onsewa adatsimikiza kuti kuwonetsa zolaula kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa ndipo kumatsogolera olakwira kuchepetsa chiwawa m'zochita zawo.

Zithunzi zolaula ndi malingaliro othandizira nkhanza kwa akazi: kubwerezanso ubale mu maphunziro osayesa (2010) - Chidule:

Kusanthula kwa meta kunachitika kuti adziwe ngati maphunziro osayesa akuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula za amuna ndi malingaliro awo othandizira chiwawa kwa akazi. Kusanthula kwa meta kunakonza mavuto ndi kusanthula kwa meta komwe kunafalitsidwa kale ndipo kunawonjezera zomwe zapezeka posachedwa. Mosiyana ndi kusanthula kwa meta koyambirira, zotsatira zaposachedwa zawonetsa mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi malingaliro othandizira chiwawa kwa akazi m'maphunziro osayesa. Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro oterewa adapezeka kuti akugwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachiwawa zogonana kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zopanda chiwawa, ngakhale ubale womalizawu udapezekanso kuti ndi wofunikira.

Phunziroli likukonza zomwe zimaoneka ngati zosokoneza maganizo m'mabuku owonetsa zolaula komanso malingaliro achiwawa powonetsera kuti zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuchokera ku maphunziro osaphunzira m'derali zikugwirizanadi ndi zomwe aphunzira anzawo akufufuza. Kupeza izi kuli ndi zofunikira pa mabuku onse owonetsa zolaula ndi nkhanza.

Makampani opatsirana pogonana amavomerezedwa pa moyo wawo pa nthawi yoyamba komanso nthawi zambiri kugonana (2014) - Zolemba:

Kafukufuku amene wasanthula zolaula amatha kukhumudwitsa. Komabe, palibe ntchito iliyonse yomwe yayesa ngati zochitika zina zamakono zogonana zimakhudza kuphwanya malamulo. Powonjezereka, zotsatira zowonjezera zaziwonetserozi sizidziwika. Mfundo yophunzirira za chikhalidwe cha anthu imaneneratu kuti kuwonetsetsa kuyenera kukulirakulira.

Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya retrospective longitudinal, timayesedwa koyamba ngati kuwonetsa nthawi yaunyamata kumakhudzana ndi msinkhu wa chiyambi; Timayang'ananso ngati kukhala munthu wamkulu kumagwirizanitsa ndifupipafupi.

Zomwe zapezeka zikusonyeza kuti mitundu yambiri ya achinyamata omwe amakumana ndi vutoli komanso kuchuluka kwa matendawa zinali zokhudzana ndi msinkhu wawo woyambirira. Kukumana ndi vutoli panthawi yaukulu kunagwirizananso ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chilakolako chogonana, koma zotsatira zake zinali kutengera "mtundu wake. "

Kusanthula kwa Meta - Kugwiritsira Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Zochitika Zenizeni za Nkhanza Zogonana mu Maphunziro a Anthu Onse (2015) . - Chidule:

Kusanthula kwa kafukufuku woyesera kwapeza zotsatira pa khalidwe laukali ndi malingaliro. Kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana ndi malingaliro ankhanza m'maphunziro achilengedwe kwapezekanso. Komabe, palibe kusanthula kwa meta komwe kwayankha funso lomwe limalimbikitsa ntchito iyi: Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana ndi kuchita nkhanza zenizeni zogonana? Maphunziro 22 ochokera kumayiko 7 osiyanasiyana adawunikidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhanza zogonana ku United States ndi padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana komanso a nthawi yayitali. Mabungwe anali olimba kwambiri pakulankhula kuposa nkhanza zogonana, ngakhale zonse ziwiri zinali zofunika. Kachitidwe kazotsatira kambiri kakusonyeza kuti zomwe zili zachiwawa zitha kukhala chinthu chowonjezera.

Achinyamata ndi Zithunzi Zolaula: Ndemanga ya Zaka 20 za Kafukufuku (2016) - Chidule:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kukonza kafukufuku wofufuza zomwe zinasindikizidwa m'magazini a Chingerezi omwe adawunikidwa ndi anzawo pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015 pankhani ya kufalikira, zoneneratu, ndi zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, koma kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwa zolaula kumasiyana kwambiri. Achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri anali amuna, omwe anali atakula kwambiri, omwe anali ofunafuna malingaliro, komanso anali ndi mabanja ofooka kapena ovuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro ogonana olekerera ndipo nthawi zambiri kunkalumikizidwa ndi zikhulupiriro zolimbana ndi kugonana. Zinkaonekanso kuti zikugwirizana ndi kuchitika kwa kugonana, chidziwitso chachikulu ndi machitidwe ogonana osakhazikika, komanso nkhanza zambiri zogonana, ponse paŵiri pochita ndi kuzunzidwa.

Kuneneratu Kubwera kwa Nkhanza Zogonana kwa Achinyamata (2017) - Chidule:

Pambuyo posintha makhalidwe omwe angakhale ndi mphamvu, kukumana ndi nkhanza zomwe makolo ndi akazi amakumana nazo komanso kukumana ndi zolaula zachiwawa, zonsezi zinagwirizana kwambiri ndi kubuka kwa kugwiriridwa koyesedwa ndi SV, kupatulapo zolaula zachiwawa . Khalidwe lankhanza lomwe lilipo pano linakhudzidwanso kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya nkhanza zoyamba za SV kupatulapo kugwiriridwa. Kuzunzidwa koyambirira kwa nkhanza zogonana komanso nkhanza zamaganizo zomwe zimachitika m'maubwenzi zinalinso zolosera za nkhanza zoyamba za munthu, ngakhale m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mu kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali wa dziko lonse wokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a SV pakati pa anyamata ndi atsikana, zomwe zapezeka zikusonyeza zinthu zingapo zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa, makamaka zolemba za nkhanza pakati pa anthu zomwe zikutsatidwa ndi makolo ozunza m'mabanja a achinyamata komanso zomwe zikuthandizidwa ndi zolaula zachiwawa.

Zotsatira za Kuwonetsedwa pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Chibwenzi cha Achinyamata ndi Akuluakulu Oyamba Kugonana ndi Maganizo ndi Makhalidwe Achiwawa Ogonana: Kuwunikanso Kwambiri Mabuku (2017) - Chidule:

Chiwawa chokhala pachibwenzi (DV) ndi nkhanza zogonana (SV) ndizovuta zomwe zikuchuluka pakati pa achinyamata ndi achinyamata omwe akutuluka. Gulu lokhala ndi mabuku likuwonetsa kuti kuwonetsedwa pazowonera zolaula (SEM) ndi makanema olaula (SVM) atha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha DV ndi SV. Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndikuwunikira komanso kuwunikira mabuku athu mwatsatanetsatane pa zomwe zimachitika pakuwonekera kwa SEM ndi SVM pa DV ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe a SV. Kafukufuku wofufuza 43 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za achinyamata ndi omwe akutukuka adawunikiridwa, ndipo zonse pamodzi zapeza kuti:

(1) kukhudzana ndi SEM ndi SVM ndizogwirizana ndi nthano za DV ndi SV komanso kuvomereza kwambiri malingaliro a DV ndi SV;

(2) kukhudzana ndi SEM ndi SVM ndikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi kuvutitsidwa kwa DV ndi SV, kufalikira, komanso kusayang'anira;

(3) SEM ndi SVM zimakhudza kwambiri machitidwe amunthu a DV ndi SV kuposa machitidwe azikhalidwe za DV ndi SV; ndipo

(4) malingaliro owoneka bwino okhudzana ndi DV ndi SV ndi makonda azosinthasintha amasintha ubale womwe uli pakati pa SEM ndi SVM komanso DV ndi malingaliro a SV ndi machitidwe.

Timaliza ndi nthito ina kuchokera pagulu lalikulu lazokambirana zomwe zimakambirana zokhudzana ndi zolaula / zachiwerewere / zankhanza. Monga mukuwonera, wolemba ndi pro-porn (ndipo wofufuza za kugonana wa PhD):

Ndikuganiza kuti mawu onse omwe ndanena akuyimira nkhanza zogonana komanso zotsatira zina. Pakadali pano, kuwonjezera pa a) deta yolumikizana yomwe ikuwonetsa kuwonetsedwa kwambiri kwa zolaula zokhudzana ndi mitundu yonse ya malingaliro ndi machitidwe ankhanza okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso osagonana, tilinso ndi:

b) deta yoyesera yomwe ikuwonetsa kuti kuwonetsa zolaula kumawonjezera nkhanza zosakhudzana ndi kugonana mu labu (zinthu monga nkhanza zakuthupi, zakuthupi, kapena zamaganizo monga kupereka zida zamagetsi) (maphunziro 33 omwe adawunikidwa mu Allen, D'Alessio, & Brezgel, 1995) ;

c) Deta yoyesera yosonyeza kuwonetsedwa kwa zolaula imawonjezera malingaliro othandizira nkhanza zogonana (kuvomereza nkhanza pakati pa anthu, kuvomereza nthano zogwiririra, ndi machitidwe ozunza anthu pogonana) (maphunziro 16 adawunikidwa mu Emmers, Gebhardt, & Giery, 1995) ;

d) Umboni wautali wosonyeza kuti kuonera zolaula zambiri pa Time 1 kumalumikizidwa ndi zochita zambiri zachiwawa zogonana zenizeni pa Time 2 (maphunziro 5 omwe adawunikidwa mu Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2015), ngakhale atayang'anira zinthu zambiri zomwe zingasokoneze, kuphatikizapo nkhanza zogonana, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zina zotero.

Malinga ndi umboni wonsewu, ndizovuta komanso zopanda nzeru, m'malingaliro mwanga, kunena kuti kulumikizana kwenikweni pakati pa zolaula ndi nkhanza sikokwanira ndipo kulibe konse . Inde, kukayikira kuyenera kukhalapo, ndipo maphunziro ofufuza abwinoko ayenera kupitilizabe kuchitika, koma pakadali pano, ngati ndingakakamizidwe kubetcha, ndikananena kuti ndikadayika ndalama zanga pamenepo chifukwa cha zotsatira zina zoyipa za zolaula pa nkhanza zogonana, zomwe mwina zingakhale a) zochepa, b) gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndi c) zodziwika kwambiri pamitundu ina ya zolaula (zachiwawa) kuposa zina (zolaula zopanda chiwawa koma zachizolowezi) komanso zopanda mitundu ina ya zolaula (zachikazi, zachiwerewere).

Zachidziwikire, palibe deta yoyesera kapena ya nthawi yayitali yomwe ndi yoyenera kudziwa chifukwa chenicheni, koma tonse tikuwoneka kuti tikuvomerezana kuti imatanthauza kwambiri chifukwa pankhani ya madera ena ofufuza zamaganizo. Ndiwo miyezo yathu yabwino kwambiri yokhazikitsira chifukwa cha zotsatira zamitundu yonse ya machitidwe. Nchifukwa chiyani timakayikira kwambiri pankhani ya gawo limodzi ili la kafukufuku? Chifukwa silikugwirizana ndi zilakolako zathu za zolaula kuti zisakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa? Pepani, koma ndimakonda zolaula monga momwe nonsenu mumakondera (ine ndimakondadi), koma sindingathe kulungamitsa kuwonetsa zolaula pamlingo wapamwamba chifukwa sindimakonda zomwe zapezeka . Izi ndi zomwe ndimatanthauza pamene ndimanena kuti kukana kapena kunyalanyaza zomwe zapezekazi kumatipangitsa kukhala akhungu komanso oganiza bwino za izo monga otsutsa zipolowe zachiwerewere….

....Sindinatanthauze kuti tiyerekezere ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi zolaula momwe timagwiritsira ntchito zomwe zapezekazo komanso zomwe zimabweretsa pazochitika zenizeni zomwe timapeza kuchokera kwa iwo. Zomwe ndimanena ndikuti monga momwe amachitira, zikuwoneka kuti tikugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro amphamvu otsimikizira kuti tiwone zomwe tikufuna kuwona zokha. Koma ponyalanyaza umboni womwe ukupitilirabe kukwera, tikuwononga kudalirika kwathu monga ofunafuna choonadi , ndipo tikuchepetsa momwe malingaliro athu akuti kuletsa zolaula si yankho lomwe lingakhale nalo pakusintha zenizeni.

Mwa kutenga malire mopitilira muyeso (“palibe zolaula zilizonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wina achite zachiwerewere kwa aliyense”) zomwe sizigwirizana ndi umboniwo, tikudzipangitsa kukhala osafunikira kwenikweni komanso kuthamangitsidwa motere monga momwe amatsenga amatengera. malo ena owonjezera ("zolaula zonse zimakulitsa chiwerewere mwa aliyense amene amazionera").

Apanso, musanditengere zolakwika: Ndimakonda zolaula, ndimazionera nthawi zonse, ndipo ndimakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuletsa izi.

ZINDIKIRANI : YBOP yasonkhanitsa kafukufuku patsamba lino kuti itsutse zomwe zimatchedwa "tsamba lofufuzira" la realyourbrainonporn.com . Makampani opanga zolaula akuwonetsa mapepala angapo osankhidwa, omwe nthawi zambiri sali ofunikira (ambiri si maphunziro enieni), monga oyimira momwe kafukufukuyu alili pano. Palibe chomwe chingakhale chosiyana ndi chowonadi . Maulalo awa amapita ku kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa zomwe zanenedwa patsamba lofufuzira la RealYBOP ndi "magawo" :

  1. Porn Science Deniers Alliance imachita zosemphana ndi malamulo a YouBrainOnPorn.com
  2. Pomaliza, Alliance (akatswiri a RealYBOP) amagwira ntchito ngati gulu limodzi
  3. Akatswiri a RealYBOP akulipidwa ndi chimphona chachikulu chazogulitsa zolaula xHamster kuti alimbikitse masamba ake ndikutsimikizira ogwiritsa ntchito kuti kuzolowera zolaula komanso chizolowezi chogonana ndizabodza.
  4. Amalandira zambiri, koma a Porn Science Deniers Alliance amaimira ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale ali ndi mawu, ochepa omwe ali ndi kukhalapo kwakukulu
  5. Porn Science Deniers Alliance ikutsutsana ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)
  6. Mapepala osankhidwa ndi Alliance, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwirizana sikuti amakwaniritsa kafukufukuyu
  7. Kupenda mwachidule mapepala osankhidwa a Alliance, omwe nthawi zambiri amakayikira
  8. Pafupifupi mapepala onse a Alliance adalembedwa m'makalasi apakale a nkhani za Prause wakale
  9. Simungapange chinyengo ngati simungatchule mtundu uliwonse
  10. Mamembala osiyanasiyana a Porn Science Deniers Alliance ali ndi mbiri yonena molakwika zomwe iwowo ndi ena aphunzira
  11. Kufotokozera mapepala osankhidwa ndi Alliance: zopatsa mphamvu, zonama, kusiya komanso zabodza - Amagwirizanitsa ndi kusanthula kwa YBOP kwa gawo lililonse la kafukufuku wa Deniers Alliance:
    1. Erectile Ndi Zovuta Zina Zogonana
    2. Maganizo Okhudza Akazi Chigawo
    3. Chigawo Chachigawo
    4. Chikondi ndi Chibwenzi Chaputala
    5. Zithunzi za Gawo la Hypersexuality
    6. Achinyamata Gawo
    7. Mafilimu kapena chiwerewere
    8. Gawo lachiwerewere cha kugonana
    9. Gawo la LGBT
    10. Chigawo Cholipirira
    11. Gawo la Maonekedwe a Thupi
    12. Opanga Chigawo