Kafukufuku wolumikiza zolaula ndi zolakwira, chiwawa, komanso kukakamiza kugonana

kafukufuku wazakugonana

CHIGAWO # 1: Kafukufuku wolumikiza zolaula ndi zolakwitsa, nkhanza zogonana, komanso kukakamiza kugonana (zolembedwa ndi tsiku lofalitsa)

  1. Kuwonetsa zotsatira za kusokoneza chiwawa pa akazi (1978)
  2. Kujambula kuganiza ngati ntchito yowonongeka ndi kugonana (1981)
  3. Zochitika za kugonana Survey: Chida chofufuzira kufufuza za chiwawa ndi kugwiriridwa (1982)
  4. Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kugonana ndi Kugonjetsedwa Kwachiwerewere (1982)
  5. Kuwonetsa zolaula, zifukwa zotsutsa komanso zosavomerezeka, komanso zachiwawa za amuna (1983)
  6. Zotsatira zolaula zolaula pa zikhulupiliro zogwiririra: Kusiyana kwa wina aliyense (1985)
  7. Nkhanza Zogonana M'masewera: Zotsatira Zowonongeka pa Chiwawa cha Akazi (1986)
  8. Kufufuzidwa kwakukulu pa ntchito ya zolaula poyankhula ndi kuzunza akazi (1987)
  9. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula m'mabuku ophwanya malamulo komanso okhudzana ndi chiwerewere (1987)
  10. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zowonongeka ndi ogwidwa, ana aang'ono, ndi a nonoffenders (1988)
  11. Zithunzi zolaula komanso zokhudzana ndi kugonana (1988)
  12. Malingaliro a amayi ndi malingaliro okhudza kugwiriridwa monga ntchito yoyamba kuonera zolaula (1992)
  13. Zitsanzo zowonetsera zolaula pakati pa anthu ogonana, ana aang'ono, komanso maulamuliro (1993)
  14. Zithunzi zolaula ndi zachiwawa: Zogwirizana za ziwawa ndi zosavomerezeka ndi kugwiriridwa ndi kugwiriridwa (1993)
  15. Zithunzi Zolaula, Amuna Akazi Amtima, ndi Kugonana: A Structural Equation Model (1993)
  16. Kubwereza Tsiku ndi Kugonana Ku College Amuna: Chikoka ndi Kuphatikizidwa kwa Chikoka, Mkwiyo, Kukhumudwitsa, Psychopathology, Kutengera Zochita ndi Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani ntchito (1994)
  17. Zithunzi zolaula ndi kuzunza akazi (1994)
  18. Zithunzi zolaula ndi kuzunza akazi: chiphunzitso chochita (1994)
  19. Zotsatira zolaula zolaula pazikhulupiriro zozizwitsa zowona kugonana: Kuphunzira kwa amuna a ku Japan (1994)
  20. Zotsatira za kuwonetsa zachiwawa zogonana poganizira za kugwiriridwa (1995)
  21. Mgwirizano pakati pa zolaula ndi kugwedeza ana (1997)
  22. Zithunzi zolaula komanso kuchitira nkhanza akazi a ku Canada pokhala ndi zibwenzi (1998)
  23. Zithunzi zolaula ndi kuzunza akazi: chiphunzitso chochita (1998)
  24. Kufufuza kugwirizana pakati pa zolaula ndi chiwawa cha kugonana (2000)
  25. Udindo wa zolaula m'maganizo okhudzana ndi kugonana (2001)
  26. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula panthawi ya chilakolako cha kugonana (2004)
  27. Kufufuza kwa Zinthu Zowonjezera Zokhudzana ndi Zosagwirizana Zosagonana Zowonongeka Pakati pa Akuluakulu Okhudzidwa (2004)
  28. Pamene Mawu Sali Okwanira: Kufufuza Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula Kwa Akazi Ozunzidwa (2004)
  29. Zithunzi zolaula ndi achinyamata: kufunika kwa kusiyana kwake (2005)
  30. Zinthu Zowopsa kwa Amuna Ogonana Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Ambiri (2005)
  31. Kuthekera kwa Amuna Kugonana: Zovuta za Mowa, Kugonana Kwachisangalalo, ndi Zolaula Zankhanza (2006)
  32. Zomwe zimagwirizanitsa chikhulupiliro kwa amayi chifukwa chochita zachiwawa zolaula: Zotsatira za mowa ndi chiwerewere chogonana (2006)
  33. Kulosera za chiwerewere: udindo wa zolaula pazomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa (2007).
  34. Kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula komanso kudziwonetsera nokha kuchitirana chiwawa pakati pa achinyamata (2007)
  35. Zotsatira za nkhani zachichepere zokhuza kugonana, kuzunzidwa komanso zosafuna zolaula pa intaneti (2007)
  36. Ubale pakati pa kugonana kwa pa Intaneti, kusagwirizana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, kugonana komanso chithandizo cha chiwawa chogonana achinyamata (2007)
  37. Kugwirizanitsa Amuna Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zogonana Pofuna Kulamulira Zotsatira za Ubale Wachiwawa (2008)
  38. Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiwawa: kugwiritsidwa kwafupipafupi ndi mtundu wa zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito kubwereza kachiwiri pakati pa ophana (2008)
  39. Kufunika kwa Kusiyanitsa Kwaokha Pa Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito: Zopeka Zongopeka ndi Zotsatira za Kuchitira Nkhanza (2009)
  40. Zithunzi zolaula zimakhala ngati chiopsezo cha khalidwe lachiwawa pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (2009)
  41. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zachikazi ndi Kukakamiza Kugonana (2009)
  42. Kodi chiwawa chogonana chikugwirizana ndi kuwonetsa intaneti? Umboni wochokera ku Spain (2009)
  43. Kuyerekeza ndi mtundu wachinyengo wa achinyamata owonetsa zolaula kumawonetsa kusakhala kwa ubale pakati pa zolaula ndi makhalidwe okhudzana ndi kugonana (2010)
  44. Mavuto ndi Aggregate Data ndi Kufunika kwa Kusiyanitsa Kwawo Pa Phunziro la Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kugonana: Nkhani pa Diamond, Jozifkova, ndi Weiss (2010)
  45. Kuwonetsa zolaula pa moyo ndi kuopsa kwa zilakolako za kugonana: Zotsatira zamatsenga ndi zakathari (2011)
  46. Masewera a Misala pa Kugonana kwa Achinyamata Kuwonetsa Zomwe Zimayesedwa Chifukwa cha Causality (2011)
  47. Zithunzi zolaula Kuwona pakati pa abambo Amuna: Zotsatira za Ogonjera, Kulolera Kubwezeretsa Nthano ndi Kufuna Kuchita Chiwerewere (2011)
  48. Zolemba ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata: kodi pali kugwirizana? (2011)
  49. Kuonerera zolaula kusiyanasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi chiwawa: Kuphunzira kufufuza ku Italy (2011)
  50. Kusiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi amuna omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere wamwamuna omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa zokhuza kugonana: zotsutsa zachitukuko ndi kufanana kwa makhalidwe (2011)
  51. Zithunzi zolaula, Kusiyanitsa kwa munthu payekha pangozi ndi kuvomereza nkhanza kwa azimayi kuimira chitsanzo (2012)
  52. Zotsatira za Kuwonetsa Zithunzi Zolaula pa Zachikhalidwe Zachikhalidwe Zachimuna (2012)
  53. Gawo Lachiwiri: Kusiyana pakati pa anthu omwe akugonana ndi abambo omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka amuna omwe akugonana ndi achinyamata omwe akugonjetsa achinyamata: Kuyerekezera gulu limodzi ndi zotsutsana ndi zochitika zachitukuko (2012)
  54. Internet Broadband: Kodi Chidziwitso Choipa kwa Kugonana? (2013)
  55. "Nanga nchifukwa ninji unachita izo?": Malongososoledwe operekedwa ndi Child Pornography Offenders (2013)
  56. Kodi zolaula zonyansa zimagwiritsa ntchito kutsogolo kwa Guttman? (2013)
  57. Kuonjezera Misonkho ya Amuna Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna Ochita Zachiwawa Ochita Zachiwerewere Padziko Lonse la Achinyamata (2013)
  58. Anal heterosex pakati pa achinyamata komanso zomwe zimakhudza kupititsa patsogolo umoyo: maphunziro apamwamba ku UK (2014)
  59. Zotsatira Zowonongeka Zowonongeka ku Zithunzi Zolaula Kusintha Kwambiri kwa Makhalidwe a Munthu ndi Kusakanikirana kwa Kugonana Kwachiwerewere (2014)
  60. Kugonana, kugwiriridwa ndi kugwiriridwa: maganizo ndi zochitika za ophunzira a sekondale ku South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (2014)
  61. Zithunzi Zolaula, Mowa, ndi Kugonana kwa Amuna (2014)
  62. Kutenga Zachiwawa Zochitika Zina mwa Azimayi Ophwanyika Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zochitika Zogonana Zosinthidwa Survey ndi Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (2014)
  63. Zochitika Zowononga Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Akazi Ozunzidwa: Njira Zatsopano Zowonjezera mu Kafukufuku ndi Nthano (2015)
  64. Kuwonera zolaula za ana: Kufala ndi kulumikizana kwa anthu a ku Sweden (2015)
  65. Kufufuza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Kugonana: Kodi Chiyanjano ndi Kugonana Ndi Chiyani? (2015)
  66. Cholinga cha amuna Cholinga cha Mauthenga, Zofuna za Akazi, ndi Maganizo Ochirikiza Chiwawa Chomenyana ndi Akazi (2015)
  67. Kodi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiwawa chogonana? Kuwerenganso Chitsanzo cha Confluence poganizira zinthu zitatu zosiyana (2015)
  68. Zithunzi Zolaula Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kuchita Chiwawa pakati pa Chitsanzo cha Anthu Ambiri Achimuna ndi Achimapanishi, Achinyamata Akukhala M'mudzi, Achinyamata Ochepa (2015)
  69. Zomwe Zimayambitsa Nthawi Zowopsa ndi Kugonana Kuchita Zophatikiza Pakati pa Amuna Ophunzira a Chigulu (2015)
  70. Zithunzi Zolaula, Kulimbikitsidwa Pogonana ndi Kugonana ndi Kutumizirana Mameseji Achiwerewere mu Ubale Wachibwenzi Wa Achinyamata: Phunziro la European (2016)
  71. Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito: Udindo Wa Zithunzi Zolaula Zakale Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Gwiritsani Ntchito ndi Kusiyanitsa Kwaokha (2016)
  72. Malingaliro okhudza kugwiriridwa kwa kugonana ndi ophunzira a ku sekondale ku Poland: akugwirizana ndi zoopsa zogonana, zithunzi zolaula, ndi chipembedzo (2016)
  73. Zithunzi Zolaula, Kulimbikitsidwa Pogonana ndi Kugonana ndi Kutumizirana Mameseji Achiwerewere mu Ubale Wachibwenzi Wa Achinyamata: Phunziro la European (2016)
  74. Ophwanya Zachiwerewere Achinyamata (2016)
  75. Amakhala ndi Moyo Wophunzira Zokhudza Kugonana Kwa Achinyamata: Phunziro la Phunziro lachiwerewere (2016)
  76. Kunyansidwa Kwambiri: Kutanthauzira ndi Kuchita Kanthu pa Maso a Mkazi (2016)
  77. Kulosera za Kukula kwa Zachiwawa Pakati pa Achinyamata (2017)
  78. Kufufuza Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Monga Kukonzekera Kwa Amuna Amuna Kapena Amuna (2017)
  79. Zoposa Magazini: Kufufuza Maulalo Pakati Pa Magazi A Magazi, Kuvomerezeka Kwa Rape, ndi Rc Proclivity (2017)
  80. Amuna achikhalidwe, anzawo, zithunzi zolaula, Facebook, ndi amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (2017))
  81. Kulankhula za ana omwe amazunzidwa ndi kugonana kunandithandiza Achinyamata omwe amachitira nkhanza za kugonana amalingalira za kupewa njira yowononga zakugonana (2017)
  82. Kuwoloka Zopindulitsa Kuchokera ku Zigwiritsirani Ntchito Kuvuto Vuto: Nthawi Zambiri ndi Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zimagwiritsanso Ntchito Monga Owonetsa Zokakamiza Zogonana Zogonana (2017)
  83. Kuumiriza kugonana, kugonana, kapena kugonana: momwe kuchuluka kumakhudzira kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa chiwawa cha kugonana (2017)
  84. Kukhazikitsa Pakati pa Zopeka: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malingaliro Amaganizo Okhudzana ndi Chiwerewere Kufotokozera Ubwenzi Pakati pa Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Kulimbikitsana (2018)
  85. Sadistic Sexual Sex on Women in Mozambique: Chikoka cha Zithunzi Zolaula? (2018)
  86. Kuwonetseratu kolakwika kwa unyamata ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi matenda opweteka (2018)
  87. Zomwe zimayambitsa zowonongeka ndi zolaula zomwe zimawonetsedwa mwa amuna pa zomwe zimachitidwa kwa amayi: kukakamizidwa, kugonana, kusankhana (2018)
  88. "Kuwonjezera mafuta pamoto"? Kodi kufotokoza kwa anthu akuluakulu omwe sali ololera kapena zolaula kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kugonana? (2018)
  89. Kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti ndi khalidwe lochitira zachiwerewere: kutetezera thandizo lachikhalidwe pakati pa achinyamata a ku Korea (2018)
  90. Zosokoneza Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Nkhanza Zogonana Zogonana ndi Amuna Kapena Akazi Ogonana Pakati pa Amuna A Batterer Poteteza Mapulogalamu (2018)
  91. Pamene "ubongo wamalingaliro" umatha - Kuphunzira moyenera zokhudzana ndi zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha khalidwe la kugonana malinga ndi odwala ndi othandizira mankhwala (2019)
  92. Mgwirizano pakati pa Pakati pa Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Achinyamata Achibwenzi Achinyamata Akuluakulu a 10 High School Students (2019)
  93. Zomwe Zimateteza ku Machitidwe a Pedophilic (2019)
  94. Umboni wa Zolaula ndi Ma Rapes Kuchokera ku Outor YouTube Outage (2019)
  95. Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Zakugonana: Kafukufuku wokhudza Amayi Omwe Akukwatirana Am'madera Akuti a Tirunelveli (2019)
  96. Kukakamizidwa Kugonana Ndi Amayi: Mphamvu Zowonera Zokhudza Zolaula komanso Zoipa za Anthu Osaneneka ndi Zosiyanasiyana (2019)
  97. Ngati Simungathe Tube ... Zotsatira Zakutha Kwambiri pa YouTube pa Rapes (2019)
  98. Ana omwe adachita zadama zomwe zimabweretsa vuto logonana (2019)
  99. Kodi zolaula zokhudzana ndi zachiwerewere zimayenderana ndi chiwerewere chaubwenzi? Udindo wowongolera wamaganizidwe apakati pa azimayi ndi nkhanza (2019)
  100. Zithunzi Zolaula, Masculinity, komanso Kugonana pa Amisala Koleji (2020).
  101. Kuthandizana ndi amuna anzawo komanso kuchitiridwa zachipongwe: ubale wapakati pa mbiri yayikulu, kutenga nawo mbali pasukulu yasekondale komanso kuchita zadama.
  102. Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kuchitiridwa Zachiwerewere Paubwenzi Pakati pa Zithunzi Zolaula Zapaintaneti ndi Kudziletsa (2020)
  103. Chitsanzo cha Kukhudzika Kugonana: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndi Achinyamata Achinyamata (2020)
  104. Kusanthula Kwaku United States kwa Imfa ndi Zofufuza za Google pa Zolaula: Insight from The Life History Theory (2020)
  105. Makhalidwe ndi ziwopsezo zomwe achinyamata amakhala olakwira (2020).
  106. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mowa, komanso Kugonana (2020)
  107. Kuyesedwa kwa Njira Yophunzirira Pagulu Pofotokozera Achinyamata Akukoleji Paintaneti Komanso Kuchita Zachipongwe Paintaneti (2020)
  108. Kuzindikira Kulumikizana Pakati Pazachiwawa Zogonana Ndi Zolaula (2020)
  109. Zomwe zimanenedweratu za nkhanza zakugonana: Kuyesa mizati inayi ya Confluence Model mu zitsanzo zazikulu za amuna aku koleji (2021)
  110. Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito, Njira Ziwiri Zodzichotsera Umunthu, komanso Kuponderezana Pakugonana: Maganizo Ndi Omwe Amachita Zinthu (2021)
  111. Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Zachiwawa Zogwirizana Ndi Omwe Amagwirizana Mwa Ena Mwa Asitikali Ankhondo aku US ku 2018: Phunziro Loyambira Pakati (2021)
  112. Makhalidwe Ogonana ndi Nkhanza mu Zithunzi Zolaula za Gay (2022)
  113. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Chiwawa: Kuwunika Mwadongosolo kwa Zaka 20 Zomaliza (2023)

  114. Kuwonetsedwa pazogonana komanso zovuta zogonana mwa ana ndi achinyamata: kuwunika mwadongosolo komanso kusanthula meta (2023)

CHIGAWO # 2: Koma kodi kugwiririra ndi nkhanza zogonana sizinachepe kuyambira pomwe zolaula za pa intaneti zidayamba?

Kodi mudamvapo zodandaula zambiri zomwe zimanenedweratu (ndi masamba zolaula ndipo olimbikitsa zolaula) zomwe "zolaula zitha zidachepetsa kwambiri ziwengo?"Malinga ndi Ziŵerengero zatsopano zomwe FBI inatulutsa (ndemanga pansipa), chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa (pa 100,000 ya chiŵerengero cha anthu) chawonjezeka kuchokera ku 2014-2016 (chaka chatha chomwe chiwerengero chiripo). Ku UK, panali zolakwa za kugonana kwa 138,045, up 23%, m'miyezi ya 12 isanafike pa September, 2017.

Koma kodi kugwiririra sikunatsike kuyambira pomwe zolaula za pa intaneti zidayamba? M'mayiko ena inde, ndi ena ayi. Nkhani yonena kuti kupezeka kwa zolaula ikukhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa mitengo yakugwiriridwa imangotengera zokhudza dziko lonse lochokera kumaiko osatukuka ochepa. Monga momwe zinalembedwera m'zigawo 5 zotsatirazi, nyumba izi ndi makadi, omwe amanyalanyaza zosemphana ndi zina zofunika monga:

  1. Maiko otukuka adayamba kuchepa (pa 100K ya anthu - gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiriridwa) mu a zaka zambiri omwe angachite zachiwerewere (12-34) monga anthu akulira.
  2. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mitengo yakugwiriridwa nthawi zambiri imanenedwa - ndipo mwina itha kukhala ikukwera mzaka 20 zapitazi.
  3. Mayiko angapo anena kuti chiwonjezeko cha ziwengo mu nthawi yomweyi.
  4. Mitengo ya zolakwa zachiwerewere zikukula ku US ndi United Kingdom (ogwiritsa ntchito awiri akulu a Pornhub).
  5. Kafukufuku wowunika omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula akuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa zolaula ndikuwonjezeka kwa chiwawa chogonana, kuzunza ndi kukakamiza (kuwunika kolemba ndi kusanthula meta).
  6. Mitengo yaku US onse Zowawa zachiwawa zinayendetsa 1990, ndipo zinakana mpaka pafupi ndi 2013, pamene chiwerengero cha kugwiririra chinayamba kuwuka. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ziwengozo zatsika pang'ono (pamitundu yaupandu) pomwe zina zimatsika.

Pothetsa bodzali:

#1 - Nanga bwanji zosintha zina zokhudzana ndi ziwawa zapachiwawa?

Correlation silingafanane. Zotulutsa zina zambiri zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa ziwonetsero zomwe zachitika m'maiko osankhidwa. Kusintha kwakukulu kodziwika kwambiri ndikuti maiko otukuka akumana ndi kuchepa (pa 100K ya anthu) mu a zaka zambiri omwe angachite zachiwerewere (12-34) monga anthu akulira. Monga momwe mukuonera mu graph, ma US US onse Zowawa zachiwawa zinayendetsa 1990, ndipo zinakana mpaka pafupi ndi 2013, pamene chiwerengero cha kugwiririra chinayamba kuwuka. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kugwiriridwa kwapakati kunacheperapo (pazogawenga) panthawiyi:

Kuchepa kwaumbanda wachiwawa komweko kudachitika ndikuwonjezereka kwa anthu okalamba pa 100K yaanthu, ndi kuchepa kwamtunduwu pazaka zomwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochita zachiwawa. Kusintha kwa demokalase kumeneku kwachitika m'mayiko ambiri “oyamba”. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha 1990 pofika zaka. Onani kuchuluka kwa anthu azaka za 15 mpaka 44.

Chotsatira, kufalikira kwa chiwerengero cha 2015 pofika zaka. Onani kuchepa kwa magulu azaka zambiri omwe angachitepo zachiwawa, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amapanga kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu.

Kusintha kwa chiwerengero pamwambapa kungayambitse kuchepa inanena ziwengo za kugwiriridwa pa 100K ya anthu, ngati mitengoyo inatsika (zonena zotsutsidwa ndi akatswiri ena). Wofufuza Neil Malamuth adayankha pamndandanda waukulu wakugonana kwa Milton Diamond (womwe akatswiri ena ochita zachiwerewere amalimbikitsa ngati umboni wa zonena zawo zopanda pake):

Nkhani ya Aggregate - Mwachilengedwe, zikuwoneka ngati zomveka kuti "pansi" ndizomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuchitika mu "dziko lenileni" (mwachitsanzo, ziwopsezo zankhanza zankhanza) monga zachiwawa zapa media komanso / kapena zolaula zilipo kuchuluka kwa zaka. Ndikuganiza kuti m'malo mwake, zovuta pakuyang'ana izi ndizabwino ndipo ndizosatheka kufikira pazomwe zikuchitika ndikuwunikira pazomwe zaphatikizidwazo. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani mayanjano otsatirawa: Chiwerengero cha mfuti ku US komanso kuchuluka kwa apolisi.

Monga taonera m'nkhani yotsatira Pew: Misonkho Yodzipha Imadulidwa Pakati pa Zaka Zakale Zaka Zakale Zaka Zaka (Zomwe Zidakhala Zowonjezera Zatsopano) kuchuluka kwa mfuti ku US kwachulukirachulukira pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, mitengo ya kupha anthu yachepa kwambiri. Ndi angati a ife ofunitsitsa kunena kuti kupezeka kwa mfuti kulidi chinthu chabwino kwambiri ndipo kwathandizira kuchepetsa kupha anthu, monga ena angafulumire kunena? A Drew Kingston ndi ine timakambirana zambiri pankhani zotsatirazi: Mavuto ndi Aggregate Data ndi Kufunika kwa Kusiyanitsa Kwawo Pa Phunziro la Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Kugonana (2010).

Mndandanda wa chikhalidwe cha chilakolako chokhudzana ndi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi upandu (mwachitsanzo, ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya Mickey Diamond), podziwa kwanga, ku Denmark ndi ku Japan. M'mayiko awiriwa, anthu ambiri akhala akudziwika kuti ndi achiwawa. Titha kuyembekezera molingana ndi deta komanso mauthenga ena ambiri omwe ali m'mayikowa, pali anthu owerengeka omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochita chiwerewere (pakati pa chikhalidwe komanso nthawi zosagwirizana ndi nkhondo). Chifukwa chake, potengera zonenedweratu za Confluence Model, m'maiko otere titha kuneneratu zochepa kapena kusawonjezeka kwa nkhanza zogonana chifukwa kupezeka kwa zolaula kumawonjezeka, monga momwe a Diamond ndi anzawo adanenera..

Kumbukirani, kuti amuna omwe taphunzira ku USA omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa sanawonetsere kukula kwina ngakhale ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Monga momwe ndayesera, monga momwe ndanenera poyamba, Marteni Hald ndi ine tinapeza kuti ngakhale ku Denmark, amuna omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chokwanira makamaka akuwonetsa malingaliro akuluakulu akuvomereza chiwawa kwa akazi ngati ntchito zonse zoyesedwa mu labata komanso " gulu "la padziko lapansi (onani buku la 2015). Ndikanakhala wokondwa kwambiri kuona chomwe chingachitike ngati kusintha kwakukulu kuchitika pakapezeka zolaula m'mayiko omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chochuluka cha amuna omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kugonana, kugonana, malingaliro ovomereza chiwawa kwa amayi, kuzunza akazi, ndi zina zotero. ).

Kuphatikiza apo, ziwengo zomwe zimadziwika sizingakhale "zodalirika" zokha (onani pansipa). Ngakhale ziwopsezo zankhanza zochitira azimayi ku Japan ndizotsika kwambiri (komanso zomwe ndinakumana nazo zaka zambiri zapitazo pochezera ku Japan zinanenanso kuti azimayi amakhala otetezeka mumayendedwe usiku) ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri za kugwiriridwa zomwe zidachitidwa tsiku limodzi zimachitika ndi Japan amuna (ku China mumzinda wa Nanking). Chifukwa chake, chikhalidwe chikaletsa chiwawa, kugulitsa zinthu zitha kuwonekeratu. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Japan komweko, zikuwoneka kuti pali ziwonetsero zina za zomwe zingaoneke ngati zachiwerewere zokhudzana ndi kugonana komanso zochitika zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimakhudza azimayi (mwachitsanzo, mmbuyo mu 2000, magalimoto apamtunda apadera adayambitsidwa kuti azimayi azitha kuthana ndi amuna.

Magazini ya "Variable Variable"

Monga ndatchulira kale, Chitukuko cha Confluence chimayang'ana maganizo ndi zikhalidwe zaukondana pakati pa amuna, makamaka ophunzira a ku koleji. Pafupifupi palibe aliyense mwa omwe tidawerengapo omwe adaweruzidwa. Ziwerengero zamilandu zomwe zimadziwika sizabwino kwenikweni. Monga gawo la zokambirana zakugwiritsidwira ntchito kwa fanizoli, tanena kuti kwa zaka zambiri kuti zikafika kwa anthu omwe ali olakwa, chiwonetserochi sichofunikira kwenikweni chifukwa zikuwoneka kuti ndi amuna "otchuka okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu" omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wofanana kwambiri . Amuna otsutsawa nthawi zambiri amakhala "akatswiri" koma amatha kuchita milandu ingapo yambiri.

Njira zomwe zakhala zikuwonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo polosera za nkhanza zomwe timaphunzira, (kudana ndi azimayi, malingaliro ochirikiza nkhanza kwa amayi, ndi zina zotere) sizinapezeke kuti zimaneneratu za achifwamba odziwika m'derali. Ngakhale kusintha kwa ziwawa zogonana pakati pa ophunzira kungakhale koyenera, sizikudziwika ngati izi zawonjezeka kapena kuchepa pazaka zambiri kapena ngati pakhala kungoyang'aniridwa kwambiri pankhaniyi (ndikulingalira kuti izi ndizofunikira). Izi zikukhudzanso "vuto lophatikiza": Ngakhale kupezeka kwa zolaula kwachulukirachulukira pazaka zonsezi, nthawi yomweyo padachitapo kanthu kena kochepetsera kuchitiridwa zachipongwe ndikuwonjezera kuzindikira.

Pafupifupi yunivesite iliyonse mdziko muno yalamula kuti anthu onse atsopano achitepo kanthu, zomwe sizinali choncho zaka zapitazo. Kungoganiza kuti zoulutsa nkhani zina zitha kupangitsa kuti anthu azichita zachiwerewere, titha bwanji kuzindikira kuti izi zikuwoneka kuti zikuchitika nthawi zambiri?

Mndandanda wokambirana za sexology udapitilirabe. Izi ndi zomwe Neil Malamuth adanena pa kafukufuku wa a Diamond ("Munalemba" ndiwofunsa, yankho ndi Malamuth):

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso ziwawa zakugonana: Ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri akuwoneka kuti akuwoneka kuti kufufuza komwe kukuchitika mdziko muno kwawonetsa kulumikizana kosiyana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula komanso kugwiririra. Sindikhulupirira kuti izi nzoona. Ngati mupita patsamba la Milton Diamond mutha kuwona kuti data ikangopatukana pakati pa nkhanza zakugonana kwa ana ndikugwiriridwa, zikuwonekeratu kuti omalizirawa sanachepe (komanso sanawonjezeke) popeza zolaula zinayamba kupezeka. Kupitilira apo mutha kuwona kuti pali zitsanzo za mayiko pomwe pang'ono pang'ono, pali kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi.. Mwachitsanzo, pali nkhani yomwe ikusonyeza kuti,

"Papua New Guinea, ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi zolaula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi Google Trends. PNG ili ndi anthu ochepera 8 miliyoni anthu ndi mitengo yotsika ya intaneti, koma ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwakusaka kwa mawu oti "zolaula" ndi "zolaula" poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa kufufuza kwathunthu. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu The Lancet anafotokoza kuti 59 peresenti ya amuna omwe ali m'dera la PNG Autonomous Region la Bougainville adagwiririra mnzake ndipo 41 peresenti adagwiririra mkazi yemwe sanali mnzake.

Kuphatikiza apo, nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kuti mayiko khumi apamwamba omwe akusaka 'zolaula': Google Trends
1. Papua New Guinea
2. Zimbabwe
3. Kenya
4. Botswana
5. Zambia
6. Ethiopia
7. Malawi
8 Uganda
9. Fiji
10 Nigeria

Ndikuganiza kuti pakati pawo pamakhalanso maiko omwe ali ndi ziwengo zambiri zakugonana ndi mitundu ina ya nkhanza kwa amayi. Chonde dziwani kuti sindikutsutsa kuti zolaula ndi "zofunikira" kapena "ndizoyambitsa" koma ndikutsutsana ndi chikhulupiriro chofala chakuti padziko lonse lapansi kapena kwa nthawi yayitali kuti gulu losagwirizana lawonetsedwa pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula. Zingakhale zosangalatsa kuchititsa kafukufuku yemwe amayang'ana pamwambowu pambuyo poti awongolere ziwopsezo za Confluence Model, makamaka Hantic Masculinity. Ndikulosera kuti m'maiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, pali ubale wabwino pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kugwiririra (makamaka pakati pa amuna makamaka pamilandu yongowerengedwa) koma osagwirizana kapena osagwirizana m'mayiko omwe ali ndi amuna ochepa omwe ali chiopsezo malinga ndi Confluence Model.

ZINTHU ZONSE: Pakati pa anthu, zolaula zingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino pa zolakwa za kugonana

PHUNZIRO: Monga momwe ndidanenera poyamba, sindimakhulupirira kuti zokhudzana ndi diamondi ndi zomwe zimafotokozeredwa zimavumbula zomwe zimaganiziridwa nthawi zambiri pamilandu yokhudza kugonana. Monga momwe a Diamond ndi anzawo adadziwonera okha, zomwe zimawonetsedwa zikuwonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa kupezeka kwa zolaula ndi nkhanza za ana. Palibenso mgwirizano wofanana pakati pa zolaula ndi kugwiriridwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kugwiriridwa komanso momwe amagwiririra akuchitira ana osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndipo siziyenera kuunikiridwa palimodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndizogwirizana pamlingo wadzikolo nthawi zambiri ndipo zimafunikira chisamaliro chambiri pazomwe zimachitika, makamaka chifukwa cha "zovuta zonse" (Kingston & Malamuth, 2011).

Chomwe chimatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi chidaliro ndichakuti mayiko omwe aphunziridwa, palibe kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kugwiriridwa pamene malamulo azolaula asinthidwa kuti alolere kupezeka kwa zolaula. Komanso, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zikuwoneka kuti maiko onse omwe adaphunziridwa ndi diamondi ndi othandizira amawoneka ngati omwe angakhale ndi amuna ochepa omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakuchita zachiwerewere. Sindinayang'ane ku Croatia m'mbuyomu, koma kufufuza mwachangu pa google kukuwonetsa kuti 94% sigwirizana ndi mawu oti amayi ayenera kulolera zachiwawa kuti banja likhale limodzi.

ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KUTI: Koma, pakati pa anthu omwe akupezekapo kumeneko anthu amatha kuona zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerewere chiwone chiopsezo chogonana, chifukwa cha zifukwa zoopsa

ZOYENERA: zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe mwalemba koma zinalemba mosiyana: Kwa abambo ambiri omwe amakhala ndi ziwopsezo zambiri “zofunikira”, zomwe zatsimikizidwa zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula "kungakulitse mchitidwe wogonana.

ZINTHU ZONSE: Mabungwe omwe amalola kuti zolaula zizichita malonda, kuvomereza chiwerengero chochepa cha chiopsezo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti chiwonongeko chochulukirapo chiwonjezeke pa anthu ambiri

PHUNZIRO: Ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kusamala popanga magulu osiyanasiyana osaganizira zakusiyana pakati pawo. Ndikuganiza kuti kusintha malamulo a zolaula ku Saudi Arabia vs Denmark kukadakhala ndi zotulukapo zosiyana. Komanso, ndikuganiza kuti kungoyang'ana kwambiri kapena makamaka pamilandu yachiwerewere, makamaka kugwiriridwa, kumatha kukhala vuto. Mwachitsanzo, monga tidalemba kwina, Japan nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati imodzi mwazitsanzo zazikulu zamayiko komwe zolaula zimapezeka ponseponse (kuphatikizira zolaula "zachiwawa") ndipo mitengo yagwiridwayo ndi yotsika kwambiri tsopano komanso mbuyomu.

Japan ndi dziko lomwe lakhala likulowerera mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi nkhanza za "pagulu" kwa amayi. Komabe, taganizirani za ziwonetsero zina: "Kuyamba kuyenda m'sitima zodzaza anthu kwakhala vuto ku Japan: malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe apolisi a Tokyo Metropolitan ndi East Japan Railway Company adachita, awiri mwa atatu azimayi okwera zaka 20 ndi 30 adanena kuti anali tinagwidwa m'sitima, ndipo ambiri anali kuzunzidwa pafupipafupi. ” Ngati nkhanza kwa amayi zimaloledwa, zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, onani Chang, * The Rape of Nanking *,). Ngakhale sindikutsutsana ndi lingaliro lanu, sindikutsimikiza kuti titha kufikira pamenepa panthawiyi.

Mwachidule, kudalira magawo awiri a chidziwitso cha dziko lonse (zomwe zanenedwa zachiwerewere ndi kupezeka kwa zolaula) kuchokera kumayiko ochepa (kwinaku mukunyalanyaza mazana ena), kuthandizira zonena kuti zolaula zambiri zimayambitsa zolakwa zochepa zakugonana, sizitanthauza kuwuluka pakati pa asayansi owona.

Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu kumayendetsa (mu) kulondola kwa ziwerengero zokhudzana ndi zolakwa za kugonana.

# 2 - Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mitengo yakugwiririra nthawi zambiri imanenedwapo - ndipo mwina itha kukulirakulira.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti chigamulo chogwirira chigwirizano nthawi zonse. Ngakhale malipoti kwa apolisi angakhale ovuta, monga momwe nyuzipepala ya chipani cha United States imasonyezera kuti: Mmene Mungayendere ndi Mavuto Ogwirizanitsa: Mavuto a Chigwirizano cha America Chobisika (2014).

Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti mudziwe ngati mamembala ena amalephera kulemba chiwerengero chenicheni cha madandaulo operekera chigamulo, Ndikumvetsa kuti ndikugwiriridwa ndi maofesi apolisi m'dziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 22% a 210 anaphunzira dipatimenti ya apolisi yomwe imayang'anira anthu osachepera 100,000 ali ndi zowerengeka zosawerengeka pazogwiriridwa zawo zomwe zikuwonetsa kwakukulu kuchokera ku 1995 mpaka 2012. Zowonjezereka, chiwerengero cha maboma opondereza awonjezeka ndi over 61% pazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu za maphunziro.

Kukhazikitsa zidziwitso kuti achotse apolisi akucheperachepera poika kuchuluka kwa anthu ophedwa, kafukufukuyu akuyerekeza kuti madandaulo a 796,213 mpaka 1,145,309 akuchimwira kwa akazi omwe akuchitiridwa nkhanza kuzimiririka kuzinthu zonse zomwe zidalembedwa ku 1995 mpaka 2012. Kupitilira apo, zowerengeka zomwe zikuwonetsedwaku zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yowerengera imaphatikizapo khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi mpaka asanu ndi atatu pamitengo yayikulu kwambiri yakugwiriridwa kuyambira pakutsatira deta kudayamba ku 1930. M'malo mokumana ndi "kugwa kwakukulu" kugwiriridwa, America ili pakati pamavuto obisika.

# 3 - Maiko angapo adanenanso zakwera chiwopsezo cha ziwengo panthawi imeneyi.

Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wochokera ku Spain ndi ku Norway anena zomwe zapikisana ndi zonena za diamondi (zonse zimasiyidwa ndi akatswiri azakugonana omwe akuyesera kulengeza kuti zolaula zimachepetsa kugwiriridwa):

  • Kodi chiwawa chogonana chikugwirizana ndi kuwonetsa intaneti? Umboni wochokera ku Spain (2009) - Chidule: Pogwiritsira ntchito deta yolumikiza dera la Spain m'nthawi ya 1998-2006, zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti pali kusintha pakati pa zolaula ndi zolaula pa intaneti, pomwe zolaula zowonjezera pa intaneti zimayambitsa makhalidwe ena achiwerewere monga kugwiriridwa.
  • Internet Broadband: Chidziŵitso Chokwanira Kugonana Kwachiwerewere? (2013) - Ndemanga: Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumayambitsa umbanda? Timagwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha Norway chakuphwanya malamulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti tipeze kuunika pa funso ili. Pulogalamu ya anthu yomwe ili ndi ndalama zopereŵera inayambitsanso zida zowonjezereka kwa 2000-2008, ndipo zimapereka kusiyana kwakukulu kosiyanasiyana pa intaneti. Zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito zimasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa malipoti onse, milandu ndi chigamulo cha kugwiriridwa ndi zolakwa zina zachiwerewere. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti kuwononga kwachindunji kuchitapo kanthu pa chiwerewere ndibwino komanso sikunyozeka, mwinamwake chifukwa cha kuwonongera kolaula.

Tione tebulo ili la chiwerengero cha kugwirira ndipo muwona kuti palibe njira yeniyeni yapadziko lonse (yosonyeza vuto pakupeza ziwerengero zolondola). Chowonadi ndichachidziwikire, Diamondi idachotsa maiko ambiri "amakono" momwe kupezeka kwa ziwonetsero zolaula ndi kugwiririra kwachulukana, monga Norway, Sweden, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Iceland, Italy, Argentina, Portugal, ndi zina zambiri.

#4 - Mitengo ya zilakolako za kugonana zikukwera ku US ndi United Kingdom (awiri a Pornhub ogwiritsa ntchito akulu)

Malinga ndi Ziŵerengero zatsopano zomwe FBI inatulutsa (onani grafu), chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa (pa 100,000 ya chiŵerengero cha anthu) chawonjezeka kwambiri kuchokera ku 2014-2016 (chaka chatha chomwe chiwerengero chiripo). Ku UK, panali zolakwa zogonana za 138,045, mpaka 23%, m'miyezi ya 12 isanafike pa September, 2017. Komabe, panthawi yomweyi:

# 5 -Studies yowunikira ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula enieni akuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa zachiwerewere ndikuwonjezeka kwa chiwawa chogonana, kukwiya komanso kukakamiza (kuwunika kolemba ndi kusanthula meta).

M'malo mopanga maphunziro oyipa pamayiko osankhidwa (osankhidwa bwino?), Bwanji za owerenga oonera zolaula omwe amawongolera zofunikira?

Kufufuza meta kufotokoza zotsatira za zolaula II: Kuthamanga pambuyo poonekera (1995) - Ndemanga:

Kufufuza meta ya maphunziro a 30, osindikizidwa 1971-1985, kuti aone zotsatira za kuonera zolaula pa khalidwe laukali pansi pa ma laboratory, poganizira zochitika zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi kugonana, msinkhu wa kupsa mtima, mtundu wa zolaula, chikhalidwe cha S, chikhalidwe cha nkhanza, ndi sing'anga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza nkhani).

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti chiwonetsero cha chiwonetsero chimayambitsa khalidwe lachiwawa pambuyo pake, kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosonyeza kusagwirizana ndi kugonana kumawonjezera chiwawa, ndipo ziwonetsero zosonyeza zachiwerewere zimayambitsa zachiwawa kusiyana ndizo zachiwerewere zosagonana.. Palibe mtsogoleri wina wotere amene anapanga zotsatira zofanana.

Zithunzi zolaula ndi zachiwawa: kodi pali zotsatira zodalirika ndipo kodi tingathe kuzimvetsa? (2000)- Ndemanga:

Poyankha mavoti ena atsopano, ife (a) tafufuza zotsutsana ndi deta zomwe zimapezeka mu ndemanga zawo, (b) kuphatikiza zofufuza za mndandanda wa mafupikidwe angapo owona za experimental and naturalistic research; Magawo onse atatuwa amathandizira kukhalapo kwa mayanjano odalirika pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi komanso machitidwe achiwerewere, makamaka pazithunzi zolaula komanso / kapena amuna omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chankhanza zachiwerewere.. Timaonetsa kuti momwe anthu amanyeng'onong'ono amamasulira ndikuwonetsa zolaula zomwezo zingakhale zosiyana ndi za anthu osaganizira, zomwe zikuthandizira kuyanjanitsa zomwe zikuchitika pakali pano ndi kafukufuku oyerekeza ndi achigololo ndi osagwira ntchito komanso ndi kufufuza kwa chikhalidwe.

Kufufuza kafukufuku wofalitsidwa pa zotsatira za zolaula (2000) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufuku wofufuza za 46 omwe adafalitsidwa adachitidwa kuti adziwe zotsatira za zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana, zochitika za kugonana, malingaliro okhudza maubwenzi apamtima, ndi malingaliro onena za kugwiriridwa. Zambiri mwa maphunzirowa adachitidwa ku United States (39; 85%) ndipo adakhala kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1995, ndi 35% (n = 16) yofalitsidwa pakati pa 1990 ndi 1995, ndi 33% (n = 15) pakati pa 1978 ndi 1983. Kukula kwathunthu kwazithunzi za anthu a 12,323 ndi meta yowonetsera. Kukula kwa maonekedwe (d) kunawerengedwa pazomwe zimadalira zofufuza zomwe zinasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya maphunziro, zinali ndi kukula kwazithunzi za 12 kapena zazikulu, ndipo zinaphatikizapo gulu losiyana kapena loyerekeza.

Mavereless opanda kulemera komanso olemera omwe amachokera pazakugonana. kutsimikizira kulumikizana pakati pa chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha chitukuko chosayipa mukakumana ndi zolaula. Zotsatira izi zikuwonetsa kuti kafukufuku womwe wachitika m'derali akhoza kupitilira funso loti zolaula zimatha kuchititsa zachiwawa komanso kuchitira banja ntchito.

Udindo wa zolaula pa chiwerewere (2007) - Ndemanga:

Kafufuzidwe ndi Zotsatira za Khalidwe Zogwirizana ndi Zithunzi Zolaula

Kwa Weaver (1993), kutsutsana kumachokera ku ziphunzitso zitatu za zotsatira zowonongeka ndi zolaula:

  1. Chikhalidwe cha kugonana monga mtundu wa kuphunzira chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chokhudzana ndi zomwe zakhala zikuletsedwa kapena kubisika (ufulu) - kulepheretsa, kudziimba mlandu, chikhalidwe cha chikunja, kukonzekera kugonana, zonse zomwe zingathetsedwe kudzera mu zolaula (Feshbach, 1955) .2 Kutchinsky (1991) anabwerezanso mfundo imeneyi, kunena kuti kuchuluka kwa kugonana kwagonjetsedwa pamene zithunzi zolaula zinkapezeka mosavuta, kukhala ngati chitetezo choteteza chitetezo cha kugonana ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kugonana. Ngakhale kuti ndizovuta kwambiri, kodi izi zikutanthawuza chiyani kuti zolaula zimapereka mawonekedwe a maphunziro omwe, malinga ndi wolemba, amalephera kuchita. Zingatheke chifukwa mfundoyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi ochirikiza ufulu wa uhule ngati njira yothetsera chiwerengero cha ziwawa zogonana (McGowan, 2005, Vadas, 2005). Maganizo amenewa amachepetsa ulemu waumunthu ndi zomwe zimatanthauza kukhala munthu. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti anthu sizinthu;
  2. Kudetsedwa kwa munthu, mosiyana ndi chiphunzitso choyambirira, ndi zolaula zomwe ndizoyamba komanso chifaniziro cha amuna osadziwika bwino (Jensen, 1996; Stoller, 1991);
  3. Kusintha maganizo kudzera mu fano izo sizigwirizana ndi zenizeni. Mwachidule, zolaula zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ocheperako. Chifukwa chithunzicho sichinthu china koma zowonetsa zolaula, zobwerezabwereza komanso zosatheka, kuseweretsa maliseche ndi gawo la zosokoneza osati mbali ya zenizeni. Zosokoneza izi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwamphamvu komanso kosasintha kwa criminogenic. Kuwonetsedwa pafupipafupi kumam'khumudwitsa munthu posintha pang'ono ndi pang'ono zinthu zake momwe zimakhudzira chidwi (Bushman, 2005; Carich & Calder, 2003; Jansen, Linz, Mulac, & Imrich, 1997; Malamuth, Haber, & Feshbach, 1980; Padgett & Brislin-Slutz, 1989; Silbert & Pines, 1984; Wilson, Colvin, & Smith, 2002; Winick & Evans, 1996; Zillmann & Weaver, 1999).

Mwachidule, kafukufuku wopangidwa mpaka pano sanawonetsetse bwino chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito zowonongeka ndi kugonana, koma zoona zake n'zakuti ochita kafukufuku ambiri amavomereza chinthu chimodzi: Kuwonetsa nthawi yaitali zolaula zolaula adzayenera kulepheretsa munthuyo. Izi zidatsimikiziridwa ndi Linz, Donnerstein ndi Penrod ku 1984, kenako Sapolsky chaka chomwecho, Kelley mu 1985, Marshall kenako Zillmann mu 1989, Cramer, McFarlane, Parker, Soeken, Silva, & Reel mu 1998 ndipo, posachedwapa, Thornhill ndi Palmer mu 2001, ndi Apanovitch, Hobfoll ndi Salovey mu 2002. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, onse ofufuzawa anapeza kuti kuonera zolaula kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhala ndi vutoli ndipo kumatsogolera anthu ochepetsetsa kuti achite zachiwawa.

Zithunzi zolaula ndi malingaliro othandizira chiwawa kwa amayi: Kubwereza mgwirizano mu maphunziro osaphunzira (2010) - Ndemanga:

Kafukufuku wamakono anachitidwa kuti adziwe ngati maphunziro omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu omwe adawonetsa zochitika zowononga zolaula komanso malingaliro awo akuthandizira chiwawa cha amayi. Kusanthula kwa meta kunakonza mavuto ndi kusanthula kwa meta komwe kunatulutsidwa kale ndi kuwonjezera zofufuza zatsopano. Mosiyana ndi kafukufuku woyamba, Zotsatira zamakono zikuwonetsera mgwirizano wabwino kwambiri pakati pa zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malingaliro othandizira chiwawa kwa amayi mu maphunziro osaphunzira. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, malingaliro amenewa anapezeka kuti akugwirizanitsa kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zowononga zachiwerewere kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zosachita zachiwerewere, ngakhale kuti chiyanjanochi chinapezedwanso kukhala chofunika.

Phunziroli likukonza zomwe zimaoneka ngati zosokoneza maganizo m'mabuku owonetsa zolaula komanso malingaliro achiwawa powonetsera kuti zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuchokera ku maphunziro osaphunzira m'derali zikugwirizanadi ndi zomwe aphunzira anzawo akufufuza. Kupeza izi kuli ndi zofunikira pa mabuku onse owonetsa zolaula ndi nkhanza.

Makampani opatsirana pogonana amavomerezedwa pa moyo wawo pa nthawi yoyamba komanso nthawi zambiri kugonana (2014) - Zolemba:

Kafukufuku amene wasanthula zolaula amatha kukhumudwitsa. Komabe, palibe ntchito iliyonse yomwe yayesa ngati zochitika zina zamakono zogonana zimakhudza kuphwanya malamulo. Powonjezereka, zotsatira zowonjezera zaziwonetserozi sizidziwika. Mfundo yophunzirira za chikhalidwe cha anthu imaneneratu kuti kuwonetsetsa kuyenera kukulirakulira.

Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya retrospective longitudinal, timayesedwa koyamba ngati kuwonetsa nthawi yaunyamata kumakhudzana ndi msinkhu wa chiyambi; Timayang'ananso ngati kukhala munthu wamkulu kumagwirizanitsa ndifupipafupi.

Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya kuvumbula kwaunyamata komanso kutulutsa kwathunthu zinali zokhudzana ndi zaka zam'mbuyomu zisanachitike. Kuwonetsedwa pa ukalamba kunalumikizananso ndi kuchuluka kwakukhumudwitsa kugonana, koma zotsatira zake zimadalira "mtundu."

Meta-Kusanthula Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula ndi Zoona Zochitika Zogonana Mwachizolowezi Population Studies (2015). - Chidule:

Kafukufuku wamakono a maphunziro oyesera apeza zotsatira pa khalidwe laukali ndi malingaliro. Kuti zolaula zokhudzana ndi zolaula zimapezekanso ndi malingaliro andewu ophunziridwa mwachilengedwe apezekanso. Komabe, palibe meta ‐ amene adayankhapo funso lomwe likuthandizira ntchito iyi: Kodi zolaula zimaphatikizidwa ndikuchita zachiwerewere? Kafukufuku wa 22 ochokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana a 7 adasanthula. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunalumikizidwa ndi nkhanza zakugonana ku United States komanso kunja, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso mu maphunziro apachigawo ndi aatali. Mabungwe anali amphamvu kwambiri pa mawu kuposa kugonana kwachiwerewere, ngakhale onse awiri anali ofunika. Zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti zachiwawa zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.

Achinyamata ndi Zithunzi Zolaula: Kubwereza Zaka Zakafukufuku za 20 (2016) - Ndemanga:

Cholinga cha ndondomekoyi chinali kukhazikitsa kafukufuku wogwira ntchito omwe adafalitsidwa makanema a chinenero cha Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015 pa kuchuluka, olosera zamtsogolo, komanso zosowa zakugwiritsa ntchito kwa zolaula kwa achinyamata. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, koma kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kunali kosiyanasiyana. Achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri anali amuna, pamalo opitilira patsogolo kwambiri, omasaka zamalingaliro, ndipo anali ndi mabanja ofooka kapena ovuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro olaula ogonana ndipo amayanjanitsidwa ndi zikhulupiriro zamphamvu zogonana. Zikuwoneka kuti zokhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana, chidziwitso chachikulu ndi khalidwe logonana, komanso zachiwawa zogonana, zonse zokhudzana ndi chiwawa ndi kuzunzidwa.

Kulosera za Kukula kwa Zachiwawa Pakati pa Achinyamata (2017) - Ndemanga:

Pambuyo pakusintha mawonekedwe omwe angakhale ndi mphamvu, kuwonetsedwa koyambilira kwa nkhanza za kholo ndi kuwonekera pakompyuta zolaula zamtundu uliwonse zokhudzana ndi kubadwa kwa SV perpetration-kuyesera kugwiririra ndiye kusiyanitsa zolaula zachiwawa. Khalidwe laukali lomwe lilipobe linakhudzidwanso kwambiri pamitundu yonse yamtundu wa SV kupatula kugwiriridwa. Ozunzidwa am'mbuyomu omwe achitiridwa zachipongwe komanso kuchitidwa nkhanza masiku ano muubwenzi anali kulosera zamunthu woyamba wa SV, ngakhale munjira zosiyanasiyana.

Mu kafukufuku wakale wamtunduwu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kupindika kwa SV pakati pa amuna ndi akazi achichepere, Kafukufuku akuwonetsa zinthu zingapo zoyipa zomwe zikufunika kuyang'ana, makamaka zolemba zachiwawa zomwe zimayesedwa ndi makolo ozunza m'nyumba za achinyamata komanso zolimbikitsidwa ndi zolaula zachiwawa.

Zovuta Zakuwonetsedwa Pazokhudzana Ndi Nkhani Zogonana Pazaka Zapakati pa Achinyamata Ndi Achinyamata Omwe Akukumana Nawo Zachiwawa Zogonana Maganizo ndi Zosangalatsa: Kuwunikiranso Kwambiri Mabukuwa (2017) - Zosintha:

Chiwawa chokhala pachibwenzi (DV) ndi nkhanza zogonana (SV) ndizovuta zomwe zikuchuluka pakati pa achinyamata ndi achinyamata omwe akutuluka. Gulu lokhala ndi mabuku likuwonetsa kuti kuwonetsedwa pazowonera zolaula (SEM) ndi makanema olaula (SVM) atha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha DV ndi SV. Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndikuwunikira komanso kuwunikira mabuku athu mwatsatanetsatane pa zomwe zimachitika pakuwonekera kwa SEM ndi SVM pa DV ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe a SV. Kafukufuku wofufuza 43 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za achinyamata ndi omwe akutukuka adawunikiridwa, ndipo zonse pamodzi zapeza kuti:

(1) kukhudzana ndi SEM ndi SVM ndizogwirizana ndi nthano za DV ndi SV komanso kuvomereza kwambiri malingaliro a DV ndi SV;

(2) kukhudzana ndi SEM ndi SVM ndikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi kuvutitsidwa kwa DV ndi SV, kufalikira, komanso kusayang'anira;

(3) SEM ndi SVM zimakhudza kwambiri machitidwe amunthu a DV ndi SV kuposa machitidwe azikhalidwe za DV ndi SV; ndipo

(4) malingaliro owoneka bwino okhudzana ndi DV ndi SV ndi makonda azosinthasintha amasintha ubale womwe uli pakati pa SEM ndi SVM komanso DV ndi malingaliro a SV ndi machitidwe.

Timaliza ndi nthito ina kuchokera pagulu lalikulu lazokambirana zomwe zimakambirana zokhudzana ndi zolaula / zachiwerewere / zankhanza. Monga mukuwonera, wolemba ndi pro-porn (ndipo wofufuza za kugonana wa PhD):

Ndikuganiza kuti mawu omwe ndinapanga amaimira zachiwawa komanso zosiyana siyana. Panthawi imeneyi, kuwonjezera pa a) deta yolumikizana yowonetsera kwambiri zolaula zolumikizidwa zamitundu yonse yamakhalidwe oyipa okhudzana ndi kugonana tili ndi:

b) Zambiri zoyesera kuwonetsa kuti kuwonetsa zolaula kumawonjezera nkhanza za amuna kapena akazi mu labu (zinthu monga zakuthupi, zakuthupi, kapena kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe monga kayendedwe ka magetsi) (Kafukufuku wa 33 wofufuzidwa meta ku Allen, D'Alessio, & Brezgel, 1995);

c) Zambiri zoyesera kuwonetsa zolaula zimawonjezera malingaliro othandizira nkhanza zakugonana (kuvomereza zachiwawa pakati pa anthu, kuvomereza nthano zachiwerewere, ndi machitidwe azachipongwe) (Kafukufuku wa 16 wofufuza meta ku Emmers, Gebhardt, & Giery, 1995);

d) Umboni wazaka zambiri zakuti kuwonera zolaula pa Time 1 kumalumikizidwa ndi zochitika zina zenizeni zakugonana pa Time 2 (Kafukufuku wa 5 wofufuzidwa ku Wright, Tokunaga, & Kraus, 2015), ngakhale atatha kuwongolera zinthu zambiri zomwe zingasokoneze, kuphatikiza Kugwiriridwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zina zambiri.

Malingana ndi umboni wonse uwu, ndizovuta komanso zopanda nzeru, malingaliro anga, kunena kuti zenizeni zenizeni zogwirizana pakati pa zolaula ndi nkhanza sizinali zenizeni ndipo siziripo konse. Inde, kukayikira kuyenera kukhalabe, ndipo maphunziro apamwamba komanso owonjezera ayenera kupitilirabe, koma pakali pano, ndikakakamizidwa kubetcha, ndikananena kuti ndikaika ndalama yanga pamenepo ndikakhala WINA zotsatira zoyipa za zolaula pazakugonana, zomwe mwina zitha kukhala zazing'ono, b) zokhala pagulu la anthu oopsa, komanso c) zotchulidwa zambiri zamtundu wazola zolaula (zachiwawa) kuposa ena (osachita zachiwerewere koma wamba chachikulu zolaula) ndipo kulibenso mitundu ina ya zolaula (zachikazi, pamzere).

Zachidziwikire, sikuti ndizoyesa kapena zazidziwitso zazitali zomwe sizili zothandiza kudziwa zenizeni zenizeni zenizeni, koma tonsefe timavomereza kuti zimatanthauzira mwamphamvu za zina ngati zikukhudza magawo ena a kafukufuku wamalingaliro. Awa ndi miyeso yathu ya golide yokhazikitsa kukhazikika kwazotsatira zamachitidwe. Chifukwa chiyani timakayikira kwambiri pankhani imeneyi? Chifukwa sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe timafuna kuti zolaula zisakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa? Pepani, koma ndimakonda zolaula monga momwe nonse mumakondera (ndimakondadi), koma sindingayerekeze kumangoganiza zolaula chifukwa ndimakonda zomwe zapezedwa. Izi ndizomwe ndimatanthawuza kuti ndikamakana kapena kunyalanyaza zopezazi zimatipangitsa kukhala osawona komanso anzeru zokhudzana ndi izi monga otsutsa zolaula….

... .. Sikuti amatanthauza kutiyerekeza ndi zomwe timaletsa zolaula momwe timagwiritsira ntchito zomwe tapezazo ndi zomwe zikutikhudza zenizeni zenizeni zomwe tingapeze kuchokera. Zomwe ndimanena ndikuti monga momwe amachitira. tikuwoneka kuti tikugwiritsa ntchito mawu otsimikizira olimba kwambiri kuti tingowona zomwe tikufuna kuwona. koma Pokana maso ndi maumboni omwe akupitilirabe, tikuyika kukhulupirika kwathu ngati ofuna choonadi, ndipo tikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwathu ndikuti kuletsa zolaula sikungakhale njira yothetsera kusintha kwenikweni.

Mwa kutenga malire mopitilira muyeso (“palibe zolaula zilizonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wina achite zachiwerewere kwa aliyense”) zomwe sizigwirizana ndi umboniwo, tikudzipangitsa kukhala osafunikira kwenikweni komanso kuthamangitsidwa motere monga momwe amatsenga amatengera. malo ena owonjezera ("zolaula zonse zimakulitsa chiwerewere mwa aliyense amene amazionera").

Apanso, musanditengere zolakwika: Ndimakonda zolaula, ndimazionera nthawi zonse, ndipo ndimakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuletsa izi.

ZINDIKIRANI: YBOP yatola kafukufuku patsamba lino kutsutsa kondomachi.biz otchedwa "tsamba lofufuza." Makampani opanga zolaula kwenikweniyourbrainonporn zopereka a ochepa mapepala osankhidwa ndi chitumbuwa, nthawi zambiri osagwira ntchito (ambiri sakhala maphunziro enieni), ngati nthumwi yamayiko omwe akufufuzayo. Palibe chomwe chingakhale chowonadi. Maulalowa amapita ku debunking yayikulu yamilandu yakusaka kwa RealYBOP ndi "magawo":

  1. Porn Science Deniers Alliance imachita zosemphana ndi malamulo a YouBrainOnPorn.com
  2. Pomaliza, Alliance (akatswiri a RealYBOP) amagwira ntchito ngati gulu limodzi
  3. Akatswiri a RealYBOP akulipidwa ndi chimphona chachikulu chazogulitsa zolaula xHamster kuti alimbikitse masamba ake ndikutsimikizira ogwiritsa ntchito kuti kuzolowera zolaula komanso chizolowezi chogonana ndizabodza.
  4. Amalandira zambiri, koma a Porn Science Deniers Alliance amaimira ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale ali ndi mawu, ochepa omwe ali ndi kukhalapo kwakukulu
  5. Porn Science Deniers Alliance ikutsutsana ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)
  6. Mapepala osankhidwa ndi Alliance, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwirizana sikuti amakwaniritsa kafukufukuyu
  7. Kupenda mwachidule mapepala osankhidwa a Alliance, omwe nthawi zambiri amakayikira
  8. Pafupifupi mapepala onse a Alliance adalembedwa m'makalasi apakale a nkhani za Prause wakale
  9. Simungapange chinyengo ngati simungatchule mtundu uliwonse
  10. Mamembala osiyanasiyana a Porn Science Deniers Alliance ali ndi mbiri yonena molakwika zomwe iwowo ndi ena aphunzira
  11. Kufotokozera mapepala osankhidwa ndi Alliance: zopatsa mphamvu, zonama, kusiya komanso zabodza - Amagwirizanitsa ndi kusanthula kwa YBOP kwa gawo lililonse la kafukufuku wa Deniers Alliance:
    1. Erectile Ndi Zovuta Zina Zogonana
    2. Maganizo Okhudza Akazi Chigawo
    3. Chigawo Chachigawo
    4. Chikondi ndi Chibwenzi Chaputala
    5. Zithunzi za Gawo la Hypersexuality
    6. Achinyamata Gawo
    7. Mafilimu kapena chiwerewere
    8. Gawo lachiwerewere cha kugonana
    9. Gawo la LGBT
    10. Chigawo Cholipirira
    11. Gawo la Maonekedwe a Thupi
    12. Opanga Chigawo