N’zoona kuti kukhala ndi vuto la Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) kumawonjezera mwayi wa munthu wokhala ndi chizolowezi choledzera. Potsutsa lingaliro la zizolowezi zamakhalidwe, kuphatikizapo chizolowezi cha zolaula, okayikira nthawi zambiri amanena kuti chizolowezi cha zolaula ndi 'kukakamiza' osati 'chizolowezi'. Chizolowezi chimenecho chili ngati OCD. Akafunsidwa kwambiri momwe 'kukakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito X' kumasiyanirana (mwathupi) ndi 'chizolowezi cha X', kubwereranso kofala kwa okayikira osadziwa kumeneku ndikuti "Kuzolowezi zamakhalidwe ndi OCD chabe." Si zoona. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zizolowezi zimasiyana ndi OCD m'njira zambiri. Ndipotu, DSM-5 ili ndi magulu osiyana a OCD ndi zizolowezi zamakhalidwe, kotero akatswiri ake amazindikira kuti zinthu ziwirizi ndizosiyana mwakuthupi. Chidule cha ndemanga iyi ya 2016 chikufotokoza mwachidule:
Matenda osokoneza bongo amalingalira kuti kugonana kumakhala kovuta (40) chifukwa kafukufuku wina apeza anthu omwe ali ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere ali pa zovuta zowonongeka (OCD). OCD chifukwa cha khalidwe lachiwerewere sichigwirizana ndi matenda a DSM-5 (1) omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamangodziwa. Ngakhale malingaliro okhudzidwa a mtundu wa OCD nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kugonana, kugwirizanitsidwa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapeto pa obsessions sikupangidwira zosangalatsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi lipoti la OCD amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso amanyazi m'malo mofuna chilakolako cha kugonana kapena kudzuka pamene akukumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta ndi zobakamiza, ndipo izi zimangokhala kuti zisawonongeke maganizo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamvetse. (41)
Anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amanena kuti CSBD ndi vuto lodziletsa lokha (OCD), komabe mfundo yolankhulidwayi ili ndi chithandizo chochepa chovomerezeka: (kuchokera ku Revisiting the Role of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Problematic Sexual Behaviors , 2018 ).
Kafukufuku wochepa wafufuza mgwirizano pakati pa kukakamiza ndi kugonana kwambiri. Pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual losagwiritsa ntchito paraphilic, kufalikira kwa matenda okakamiza kwa moyo wonse—vuto la maganizo lomwe limadziwika ndi kukakamiza—kumayambira pa 0% mpaka 14% (Kafka, 2015). Kukonda kwambiri—komwe kungagwirizane ndi khalidwe lokakamiza (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2); Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989)—mwa amuna omwe akufuna chithandizo omwe ali ndi hypersexual kwapezeka kuti ndi okwera poyerekeza ndi gulu loyerekeza, koma kukula kwa kusiyana kumeneku kunali kofooka (Reid & Carpenter, 2009). Pamene mgwirizano pakati pa kuchuluka kwa khalidwe lokakamiza—lomwe linayesedwa ndi gawo laling'ono la Structured Clinical Interview ya DSM-IV (SCID-II) (Choyamba, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams, & Benjamin, 1997)—ndi kuchuluka kwa kugonana kwambiri kunafufuzidwa pakati pa amuna omwe akufuna chithandizo omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana kwambiri, chizolowezi chofuna kugwirizana bwino komanso kofooka chinapezeka (Carpenter, Reid, Garos, & Najavits, 2013). Kutengera ndi zotsatira zomwe zatchulidwazi, kukakamizidwa kumawoneka kuti kumathandizira pang'ono kwambiri ku kugonana kwambiri.
Zolemba zofunikira kuchokera mu Online Porn Addiction: What We Know and What We Don't—A Systematic Review (2019) :
Kuchokera ku vuto lachidziwitso choletsa kugonana, khalidwe lachiwerewere limatchedwa Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB). Coleman [56] ndi wothandizira mfundoyi. Ngakhale kuti akuphatikizapo khalidwe la paraphilic pansi pano [57], ndipo angakhalepo nthawi zina, amasiyanitsa bwino ndi a CSB omwe sali aparaplic, zomwe ndizo zomwe tikufuna kuziganizira pazokambirana izi. Chochititsa chidwi, kuti khalidwe losayerekezereka lachiwerewere limakhala lofala nthawi zambiri, osati kuposa,43,58].Komabe, kutanthauzira kwatsopano kwa CSB kaŵirikaŵiri kumatanthawuza makhalidwe ambiri okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe angakhale okakamiza: omwe amadziwika kuti amakhala amaliseche, akutsatiridwa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, chiwerewere, kuyenda mofulumira, ndi maubwenzi ambiri (22-76%) [9,59,60].Ngakhale pali zovuta zenizeni zogonana pakati pa kugonana ndi zochitika monga matenda ovuta kwambiri (OCD) ndi mavuto ena oletsa kugonana [61], palinso kusiyana kwakukulu kunanenedwa: mwachitsanzo, khalidwe la OCD siliphatikizapo mphotho, mosiyana ndi chiwerewere. Komanso, pamene akukakamizidwa odwala OCD angapezeke mpumulo [62], khalidwe lachiwerewere nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsidwa ndi chilango ndikumva chisoni pambuyo pochita zomwezo [63]. Ndiponso, kukhudzidwa komwe nthawi zina kumayambitsa khalidwe la wodwalayo sikugwirizana ndi dongosolo lokonzekera lomwe nthawi zina limafunidwa mu CSB (mwachitsanzo, pokhudzana ndi kugonana) [64]. Goodman akuganiza kuti vutoli limakhala pamphambano ya mavuto osokoneza bongo (omwe amaphatikizapo kuchepetsa nkhawa) komanso matenda osokoneza bongo (omwe amakhudza kukondweretsa), ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi njira za sayansi (serotoninergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, ndi opioid systems) [65]. Stein amavomereza ndi chitsanzo chophatikiza njira zingapo zamagetsi ndipo amapereka chitsanzo cha ABC (kugwilitsika, kugwiritsira ntchito chizoloŵezi chochita chizoloŵezi, ndi chidziwitso chakumvetsetsa) kuti aphunzire chinthu ichi [61].Kuchokera ku chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa, khalidwe lachiwerewere limaphatikizapo kugaŵana mbali zazikulu za kuledzera. Zinthu izi, malinga ndi DSM-5 [1], tchulani chitsanzo chogwiritsidwa ntchito chodetsa nkhaŵa chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku khalidwe lachiwerewere, ponseponse ndi pa intaneti [6,66,67]. Umboni wa kulekerera ndi kuchotsedwa kwa odwalawa mwinamwake ndizofunikira pakufotokozera gululi ngati matenda osokoneza bongo [45]. Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwika kwa cybersex kumayambanso kulingalira ngati khalidwe lachiwerewere [13,68].
Matenda okakamiza kugonana mu matenda okakamiza: Kufalikira ndi matenda ogwirizana nawo (2019) - Kafukufuku adanena kuti kuchuluka kwa CSBD kuli kotsika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi OCD kuposa anthu ambiri:
Mu kafukufukuyu, tinali ndi chidwi ndi kufalikira kwa CSBD komanso momwe anthu amakhudzira anthu komanso matenda a CSBD mwa odwala omwe ali ndi OCD. Choyamba, tinapeza kuti 3.3% ya odwala omwe ali ndi OCD anali ndi CSBD ndipo 5.6% anali ndi CSBD moyo wawo wonse, ndipo kufalikira kwake kunali kwakukulu kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi. Chachiwiri, tinapeza kuti matenda ena, makamaka maganizo, kukakamizidwa, komanso kulamulira zinthu mopupuluma, anali ofala kwambiri mwa odwala OCD omwe ali ndi CSBD kuposa omwe alibe CSBD, koma osati matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zizolowezi zoledzera.
Kuyerekeza koyambirira kwa kuchuluka kwa matenda a CSBD komwe kunaperekedwa ndi Carnes (1991) ndi Coleman (1992) kunasonyeza kuti anthu okwana 6% mwa anthu onse amavutika ndi khalidwe logonana mokakamiza. Ngakhale kuti sizikudziwika bwino momwe ziwerengerozi zinapezedwera (Black, 2000), kafukufuku wotsatira wa matenda adatsimikizira kuti kugonana mokakamiza, komwe kungaphatikizepo kuchuluka kwa kuseweretsa maliseche, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kuchuluka kwa ogonana nawo, ndi zibwenzi zakunja kwa banja, ndizofala pakati pa anthu onse (Dickenson et al., 2018). Zomwe tapeza pa kuchuluka kwa matenda a CSBD mu OCD zikuwoneka zofanana ndi zomwe zili pakati pa anthu onse (Langstrom & Hanson, 2006; Odlaug et al., 2013; Skegg, Nada-Raja, Dickson, & Paul, 2010).
Pomalizira, deta yathu ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha CSBD ku OCD ndi kufanana ndi anthu ambiri komanso magulu ena opatsirana. Komanso, tinapeza kuti CSBD ku OCD inali yovuta kwambiri ndi zovuta zina, zosayenera, komanso zosokoneza maganizo, koma osati ndi chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe labwino. Izi zikuthandizira kulingalira kwa CSBD ngati matenda osokoneza maganizo. Kupitiliza, miyeso yowonongeka ndi zida zomveka bwino zapadera zimayesedwa kuti azindikire kukhalapo ndi kuuma kwa CSBD. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kupitiriza kulimbikitsa kulingalira kwa matendawa ndikupeza deta yowonjezereka, kuti apititse patsogolo chithandizo chamankhwala.
Chiŵerengero cha zizolowezi za khalidwe zomwe zimachitika nthawi imodzi mwa anthu ofuna chithandizo omwe ali ndi vuto la obsessive-compulsive disorder: lipoti loyambirira (2020) - Kafukufuku adanenanso kuti kuchuluka kwa zizolowezi za khalidwe (kuphatikizapo chizolowezi cha intaneti ndi CSBD) kuli kofanana ndi komwe kumachitika mwa anthu ambiri. Chifukwa chake, chizolowezi sichifanana ndi OCD kapena kukakamizidwa:
Njira: Maukulu makumi awiri ndi atatu apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amagwira ntchito pachipatala cha OCD adapemphedwa kuti achite nawo kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa zizolowezi zawo komanso zina zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwa zitsanzo zawo.
Zotsatira: Malo 16 mwa 23 (69.6%) oyitanidwa ochokera kumayiko 13 anali ndi deta yokwanira kuti achite nawo kafukufukuyu. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodziwira matenda zovomerezeka kunali kosiyana, ndipo malo ambiri amadalira 'matenda ozindikira' kuti adziwe zizolowezi za khalidwe. Chitsanzo chomaliza chinali cha odwala 6916 omwe adapezeka ndi matenda oyamba a OCD. Ziwerengero za zizolowezi za khalidwe zinali motere: 8.7% pakugwiritsa ntchito intaneti movutikira, 6.8% pamavuto okhudzana ndi khalidwe logonana mokakamizidwa, 6.4% pakugula mokakamizidwa, 4.1% pamavuto okhudzana ndi kutchova juga ndi 3.4% pamavuto okhudzana ndi masewera a pa intaneti.
Timalongosola nkhani ya mwamuna wazaka 28 yemwe ali ndi vuto la obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) lomwe lidayamba kusintha kwambiri pakubwera kwa zolaula.
Pazinthu zambiri zomwe zalembedwa m'masamba a ana omwe ali m'munsimu, ofufuza amayerekezera kuledzeretsa kwa mankhwala ndi kutchova njuga chifukwa kutchova njuga ndilo vuto lokha la khalidwe lomwe likudziwika bwino tsopano mu DSM-5 (2013) yatsopano.