Zowona kuti kukhala ndi Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) kumawonjezera mwayi wamunthu wokhala ndi chizolowezi choledzera. Potsutsana ndi lingaliro lazolowera, kuphatikizapo zolaula, okayikira nthawi zambiri amati kuzolowera zolaula 'ndiko kukakamiza' osati 'chizolowezi'. Kuledzera kumeneku kuli ngati "OCD". Atafotokozedwanso za momwe 'kukakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito X' kumasiyanira (kutengera thupi) ndi 'chizolowezi cha X', kubwerera komwe anthu osadziwawa sadziwa ndikuti "zizolowezi zamakhalidwe zimangokhala OCD." Sizowona. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zosokoneza bongo zimasiyana ndi OCD m'njira zambiri. M'malo mwake, DSM-5 ili ndimagulu osiyana a OCD ndi zizolowezi zamakhalidwe, kotero akatswiri ake amadziwa kuti zinthu ziwirizi ndizosiyana ndi thupi. Chidule kuchokera ku ndemanga ya 2016 amawerengera izo:
Matenda osokoneza bongo amalingalira kuti kugonana kumakhala kovuta (40) chifukwa kafukufuku wina apeza anthu omwe ali ndi khalidwe lachiwerewere ali pa zovuta zowonongeka (OCD). OCD chifukwa cha khalidwe lachiwerewere sichigwirizana ndi matenda a DSM-5 (1) omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamangodziwa. Ngakhale malingaliro okhudzidwa a mtundu wa OCD nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kugonana, kugwirizanitsidwa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapeto pa obsessions sikupangidwira zosangalatsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi lipoti la OCD amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso amanyazi m'malo mofuna chilakolako cha kugonana kapena kudzuka pamene akukumana ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta ndi zobakamiza, ndipo izi zimangokhala kuti zisawonongeke maganizo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamvetse. (41)
Omwe amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa nthawi zambiri amanena kuti CSBD ndizovuta kwambiri kuwonjezera pa vuto lopanikiza (OCD), komatu izi zowonjezereka bwino zowonjezera zilibe phindu lothandiza: (excerpt from Kuwonanso Udindo Wopanda Chidziwitso ndi Kumangokhalira Kukakamiza Kugonana, 2018).
Kafukufuku wowerengeka adasanthula mayanjano pakati pa kukakamira komanso kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwerewere losagwirizana ndi anzawo, kufalikira kwanthawi yayitali ya matenda osokoneza bongo - matenda amisala omwe amadziwika ndi kukakamira - kuyambira 0% mpaka 14% (Kafka, 2015). Kuyang'anitsitsa-komwe kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi machitidwe okakamiza (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2); Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) -amuna ofunafuna chithandizo omwe ali ndi chiwerewere apezeka kuti akwezedwa poyerekeza ndi gulu loyerekeza, koma kukula kwa kusiyana kumeneku kunali kofooka (Reid & Carpenter, 2009). Macheza omwe ali pakati pa kuchuluka kwa machitidwe okakamiza-kuyesedwa ndi gawo laling'ono la Structured Clinical Interview ya DSM-IV (SCID-II) (Woyamba, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams, & Benjamin, 1997) - komanso kuchuluka kwa chiwerewere adayesedwa pakati pa amuna ofunafuna chithandizo omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual, njira yopita ku mayanjano abwino, ofooka anapezeka (Carpenter, Reid, Garos, & Najavits, 2013). Malingana ndi zotsatira zomwe tatchulazi, kukakamizidwa kumawoneka kuti kumawathandiza m'njira yochepetsera kugonana.
Zolemba zofunikira kuchokera Kugonjetsa Kwachinyamata pa Intaneti: Zimene Timadziwa ndi Zimene Sitikuzidziwa-Kusanthula Kwambiri (2019):
Kuchokera ku vuto lachidziwitso choletsa kugonana, khalidwe lachiwerewere limatchedwa Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB). Coleman [56] ndi wothandizira mfundoyi. Ngakhale kuti akuphatikizapo khalidwe la paraphilic pansi pano [57], ndipo angakhalepo nthawi zina, amasiyanitsa bwino ndi a CSB omwe sali aparaplic, zomwe ndizo zomwe tikufuna kuziganizira pazokambirana izi. Chochititsa chidwi, kuti khalidwe losayerekezereka lachiwerewere limakhala lofala nthawi zambiri, osati kuposa,43,58].Komabe, kutanthauzira kwatsopano kwa CSB kaŵirikaŵiri kumatanthawuza makhalidwe ambiri okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe angakhale okakamiza: omwe amadziwika kuti amakhala amaliseche, akutsatiridwa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, chiwerewere, kuyenda mofulumira, ndi maubwenzi ambiri (22-76%) [9,59,60].Ngakhale pali zovuta zenizeni zogonana pakati pa kugonana ndi zochitika monga matenda ovuta kwambiri (OCD) ndi mavuto ena oletsa kugonana [61], palinso kusiyana kwakukulu kunanenedwa: mwachitsanzo, khalidwe la OCD siliphatikizapo mphotho, mosiyana ndi chiwerewere. Komanso, pamene akukakamizidwa odwala OCD angapezeke mpumulo [62], khalidwe lachiwerewere nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsidwa ndi chilango ndikumva chisoni pambuyo pochita zomwezo [63]. Ndiponso, kukhudzidwa komwe nthawi zina kumayambitsa khalidwe la wodwalayo sikugwirizana ndi dongosolo lokonzekera lomwe nthawi zina limafunidwa mu CSB (mwachitsanzo, pokhudzana ndi kugonana) [64]. Goodman akuganiza kuti vutoli limakhala pamphambano ya mavuto osokoneza bongo (omwe amaphatikizapo kuchepetsa nkhawa) komanso matenda osokoneza bongo (omwe amakhudza kukondweretsa), ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi njira za sayansi (serotoninergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, ndi opioid systems) [65]. Stein amavomereza ndi chitsanzo chophatikiza njira zingapo zamagetsi ndipo amapereka chitsanzo cha ABC (kugwilitsika, kugwiritsira ntchito chizoloŵezi chochita chizoloŵezi, ndi chidziwitso chakumvetsetsa) kuti aphunzire chinthu ichi [61].Kuchokera ku chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa, khalidwe lachiwerewere limaphatikizapo kugaŵana mbali zazikulu za kuledzera. Zinthu izi, malinga ndi DSM-5 [1], tchulani chitsanzo chogwiritsidwa ntchito chodetsa nkhaŵa chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku khalidwe lachiwerewere, ponseponse ndi pa intaneti [6,66,67]. Umboni wa kulekerera ndi kuchotsedwa kwa odwalawa mwinamwake ndizofunikira pakufotokozera gululi ngati matenda osokoneza bongo [45]. Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwika kwa cybersex kumayambanso kulingalira ngati khalidwe lachiwerewere [13,68].
Matenda opatsirana pogonana mwachisautso chokwanira: Kukula ndi kugwirizanitsa (2019) - Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti mitengo ya CSBD ndiyotsika kwenikweni mwa omwe ali ndi OCD kuposa anthu ambiri:
Mu phunziro ili, ife tinkafuna chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso zochitika zina za CSBD kwa odwala omwe ali ndi OCD. Choyamba, tapeza kuti 3.3% ya odwala omwe ali ndi OCD anali ndi CSBD yatsopanoND 5.6% inali ndi CSBD ya moyo, yomwe inali yofala kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi. Chachiwiri, tinapeza kuti zinthu zina, makamaka maganizo, zovuta kwambiri, komanso zovuta kuziletsa, zinali zofala kwambiri odwala OCD omwe ali ndi CSBD kuposa omwe alibe CSBD, koma osati chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kuyambira koyambirira kwa kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha CSBD choperekedwa ndi Carnes (1991) ndi Coleman (1992) adanena kuti mpaka 6% ya anthu ochokera ku chiwerengero cha anthu amavutika ndi khalidwe logonana. Ngakhale sizikudziwika bwino momwe ziyerekezozi zidapezedwera (Black, 2000), kafukufuku wotsatira wamatenda atsatanetsatane adatsimikizira kuti kukakamiza kugonana, komwe kumatha kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa maliseche, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kuchuluka kwa omwe amagonana nawo, komanso zogonana, ndizofala pakati pa anthu onse (Dickenson Et al., 2018). Zomwe tapeza pazokwera kwa CSBD mu OCD zikuwoneka ngati zofanana ndi za anthu wamba (Langstrom & Hanson, 2006; Odlaug et al., 2013; Skegg, Nada-Raja, Dickson, & Paul, 2010).
Pomalizira, deta yathu ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha CSBD ku OCD ndi kufanana ndi anthu ambiri komanso magulu ena opatsirana. Komanso, tinapeza kuti CSBD ku OCD inali yovuta kwambiri ndi zovuta zina, zosayenera, komanso zosokoneza maganizo, koma osati ndi chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe labwino. Izi zikuthandizira kulingalira kwa CSBD ngati matenda osokoneza maganizo. Kupitiliza, miyeso yowonongeka ndi zida zomveka bwino zapadera zimayesedwa kuti azindikire kukhalapo ndi kuuma kwa CSBD. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kupitiriza kulimbikitsa kulingalira kwa matendawa ndikupeza deta yowonjezereka, kuti apititse patsogolo chithandizo chamankhwala.
Miyezo ya anthu omwe amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pothandizidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lofuna kudzipereka: lipoti loyambirira (2020) - Kafukufuku adanenanso kuti kuchuluka kwa zizolowezi zamakhalidwe (kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso CSBD) ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika pakati pa anthu onse. Chifukwa chake, kuledzera sikufanana ndi OCD kapena kukakamizidwa:
Njira: Maukulu makumi awiri ndi atatu apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amagwira ntchito pachipatala cha OCD adapemphedwa kuti achite nawo kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa zizolowezi zawo komanso zina zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwa zitsanzo zawo.
Zotsatira: Makumi khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa 23 (69.6%) oitanidwa ochokera kumayiko 13 anali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chochita nawo kafukufukuyu. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodziwitsa ovomerezeka kunali kopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa malo ambiri amadalira 'kuchipatala' kuti adziwe zomwe ali ndi vuto. Zitsanzo zomaliza zimakhala ndi odwala 6916 omwe ali ndi matenda oyamba a OCD. Ziwerengero zomwe zidanenedwa kuti zidagwirizana ndi izi:
Timalongosola nkhani ya mwamuna wazaka 28 yemwe ali ndi vuto la obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) lomwe lidayamba kusintha kwambiri pakubwera kwa zolaula.
Pazinthu zambiri zomwe zalembedwa m'masamba a ana omwe ali m'munsimu, ofufuza amayerekezera kuledzeretsa kwa mankhwala ndi kutchova njuga chifukwa kutchova njuga ndilo vuto lokha la khalidwe lomwe likudziwika bwino tsopano mu DSM-5 (2013) yatsopano.
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