Nkhaniyi ikunena za kafukufuku wosakhazikika, koma mwina wolemba wake akuzindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kwachinyamata kumathandizadi pakukonda zachiwerewere.
Zovuta, zochuluka ndi zaulere: kodi zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti zikuchita zotani zokhudzana ndi kugonana-komanso maganizo a achinyamata?
MU 2003 Peter Morley-Souter, mnyamata wa ku Britain yemwe ankakonda kujambula zojambulajambula ndi mlongo wake Rose, anatumizidwa ndi "Calvin ndi Hobbes". . Idawonetsa kuti awiriwa akugonana ndi amayi a Calvin. Mayi Morley-Souter adayankha yankho lake pa intaneti: chojambula chosonyeza kusonyeza kudandaula kwake pamene akuyang'ana pawonekedwe lake (osasonyezedwe), mawu akuti "Rule 34: Pali zithunzi zolaula. Palibe zosiyana. "
Kalelo Chigamu 34 chinkawoneka ngati chokopa, ngakhale wina amene ankakhulupirira zoona zokhazokha za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya smut yomwe imapezeka pa intaneti yomwe mawuwa anagwedezeka mwamsanga. Tsopano zikuwoneka zokongola pafupi ndi chenicheni. Zithunzi ndi mavidiyo pa malo owonetsa zolaula ndi "ma tubes" omwe akukula mofulumira-zigawenga zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kuti azichita masewera ndi zamalonda, zomwe zimapanga ndalama pa malonda-zimafufuzidwa ndi mawu ambiri, kuphatikizapo malingaliro a omasewera, zojambulazo ndi ziwalo za thupi zowonekera. Palibe kink kapena "squick" ("icky" kink) yomwe ili yovuta kwambiri kuti ikhale ndi webusaiti yake, kuchokera kwa munthu wamkulu yemwe akuganiza zoophilia.
"Intaneti ndi zolaula," monga nyimbo za "Avenue Q", nyimbo za Broadway, kuziyika-zowonjezereka ndi kernel ya choonadi. Ogi Ogas ndi Sai Gaddam, asayansi awiri a sayansi ya sayansi, akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti awonetse kuchuluka kwa intanetiyi yoperekedwa ku zolaula komanso nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapezeka. Zomwe anapeza zikufotokozedwa m'buku, "Mililiyumu ya Maganizo Oipa". Iwo amawerengera awo a mawebusaiti mamiliyoni ambiri oyendera, omwe alembedwa ndi Alexa, firm-analytics firm, 4% apatulidwa ku zolaula. Malo ambiri akuluakulu osadziwika, monga Tumblr, kumene ogwiritsa ntchito amawongolera zithunzi, amasonyeza zinthu zolimbitsa thupi.
A Ogas ndi a Gaddam adawonanso kufufuza konse kwa 434m kunalowa mu Dogpile, malo omwe amabwezera zotsatira kuchokera ku injini zazikulu zowonjezera, pakati pa July 2009 ndi February 2011. Pafupifupi 49m, kapena 11%, anali ofunika kugonana. Dera lina lamasewera lomwe lili ndi malonda atatu a makasitomala a 660,000 a AOL, omwe opereka intaneti (ISP) atulutsidwa mu 2006, adawalola kuti atsimikizire kuti mau ena omwe amawoneka ngati opanda chilungamo nthawi zambiri amafufuzidwa muzipangizo zogonana - " aphunzitsi a koleji ", mwachitsanzo. Kugonana kwa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi mwa makasitomala a AOL amatha kufotokozedwa kuchokera kumafufuza ena, omwe, pamodzi ndi deta kuchokera ku PornHub, malo owonetserako zolaula kwambiri, amalolera kuti awiriwa azifanizira malonda a abambo ndi amai. Akazi amaoneka ngati osasangalatsa kwambiri pa zolaula kuposa amuna: PornHub akuti kotala la alendo ake ndi akazi. Koma akazi omwe amachita ngati zolaula amawona zinthu zomwezo monga amuna; kuyendera kwambiri PornHub ndi zina zotero kusiyana ndi malo otengera akazi.
Kuyambira pamene anthu a ku Paleolithic anayamba kujambula ndi kujambula, njira zatsopano zofalitsira nkhani zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zithunzi zolaula. Zina mwa zithunzi ndi mafilimu oyambirira zinkasonyeza akazi ovula zovala kapena amaliseche. Koma zinali zodula: pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800, zithunzi zoipa zisanabwere komanso kusindikiza kwa theka la mawu, chithunzi cha hule wamaliseche chinali chodula ndalama zambiri kuposa kumukopa kuti agone naye. Mpaka mu 1953, pamene Hugh Hefner adayambitsa Playboy ndi chithunzi cha Marilyn Monroe wamaliseche, zolaula zinayamba kugulitsidwa kwambiri. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 1980, kanemayo anali atapangitsa kuti anthu azionera mafilimu okhala ndi X-rated kunyumba. Ena amati kupambana kwa VHS pa Betamax kunabwera chifukwa cha kukana kwa Sony kulola ojambula zithunzi zolaula kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wake popanga zinthu zambiri.
Brown papepala
Kukula kwa smut kunayambitsa mantha. Pogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wamanzere ndi amayi omwe amakhulupirira zachipembedzo, bungwe la 1986 linanena kuti zolaula zimadetsa akazi, zimayambitsa chiwawa chogonana komanso kuwonongeka kwa achinyamata, ndipo zinapereka "chiwonetsero chowonekera komanso chowonekera ku umoyo wa anthu onse ku America". Koma pakapita nthawi, ziganizozo zinawonekera mwamantha. Ufulu wa amayi ndi chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa, kuzunzidwa kwapakhomo ndi mimba yachinyamata inadutsa m'dziko lotukuka. Maphunziro angapo omwe amagwiritsira ntchito kusiyana kwa malamulo owonetsa zolaula m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amatsimikizira kuti kupezeka kwa zithunzi zolaula kungakhale komwe kwathandizirapo kugwidwa chiwawa.
Koma, monga momwe Lamulo 34 ndi "Avenue Q" zikusonyezera, zolaula tsopano zathawira m'magawo a ma girlie mags ndi ma skin movies. Zotsatira zake ndi mantha atsopano a zolaula. Zinthu zaulere pa ma tube site ndi ma blogs a okonda zapangitsa ojambula zithunzi zolaula kuti apange zinthu zoopsa kwambiri kuti apulumuke (onani nkhani ). Mawebusayiti ambiri a zolaula ali ku Russia ndi malo ena osamvera malamulo, zomwe zimasiya mayiko omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri komanso malamulo oletsa zithunzi zachiwawa kwambiri komanso zosokoneza anthu zomwe sangathe kuzitsatira. Zipangizo zonyamulika zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuonera zolaula m'chipinda chogona—kapena kuntchito kapena pabwalo lamasewera. Achinyamata okonda ukadaulo amatha kunyalanyaza zosefera za zomwe zili mkati mothandizidwa ndi VPN (network yachinsinsi).
Anthu ena otsutsa zolaula amatsutsanso zifukwa zakale: ku Iceland, zomwe posachedwapa zimagwirizana ndi (zosavomerezeka) kuletsa zolaula pa intaneti, otsutsa omwe amati akugwirizana ndi chiwawa chogonana, kuvulaza ana komanso kuwonongeka kwa amayi. Komabe, ena amanena zinthu zatsopano. Pamsonkhano wa NoFap Reddit ("kuphuka" sikumayambitsa chiwerewere), ndemanga sizimanena kuti munthu samatsutsa kapena kuvulaza ena, koma zotsatira zake pa owona okha. Ambiri amati adayang'ana zolaula kuyambira ali achinyamata komanso kuti ali oledzera. Ena amanena kuti popanda iwo sangathenso kupeza erection kapena kufika pamasewera.
Achinyamata akudera nkhaŵa kwambiri, tsopano akuonera zolaula zambirimbiri asanayambe kugonana. Kodi iwo amalephera kumvetsa momwe izo ziliri zosatheka? Kodi nyenyezi zapachikazi ndi zotani zomwe zakhala zikukonzekera, zomwe zimapatsidwa mowolowa manja amuna omwe amachitira mafano a owona awo ndi kudzidalira? Ena omwe amagwira ntchito ndi achinyamata, kuphatikizapo Meg Kaplan, katswiri wa zamaganizo ku University University ya Columbia yemwe amachitira anthu omwe amamangidwa ndi zolakwa zogonana, aganize kuti zilakolako zina zogonana zimapangidwa pofika msinkhu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yowonongeka ndi zinthu zosasangalatsa kapena zodabwitsa zingayambitse moyo wanu wonse.
Kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumakhudza kwambiri: mungaganize kuti zikanakhala zopangitsa kuti pakhale kafukufuku wopindulitsa kwambiri. Iwe ukhoza kulakwitsa. Mu 2013 a Office of the Commissioner of the Childer ku England adawona zotsatira za zolaula pa achinyamata. Pofika pamapeto, pamapeto pake, zithunzi zolaula zimawoneka kuti zimawatsogolera m'njira zolakwika, makamaka pakupanga zikhulupiriro zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Gululo linagwiritsa ntchito mayina ndi zizindikiro kuti zidziwe mapepala a 2,304, koma powawerenga iwo anataya zonse koma 276. Zinatsimikizira kuti 79 yokha ndiyo yomwe inapereka umboni wapamwamba.
Ofufuza kafukufuku ku Britain ndi kwina nthawi zambiri amakayikira kukhudza kugonana, osasamala zolaula. Akuluakulu a mapulogalamu ku ma National Institute of Health (NIH) a ku America amalangiza omvera kuti asagwiritse ntchito mawu akuti "kugonana" popempha ndalama, akuti Nicole Prause, katswiri wa sayansi ya zaumoyo ku UCLA-ngakhale pamene nkhaniyo ikugwira ntchito yogonana. Palibe makompyuta omwe anagulidwa ndi ndalama za NIH angakhale ndi zithunzi kapena mafilimu ogonana, akukweza funso la momwe akatswiri ogonana amachitira ntchito yawo. Dr Kaplan akuti wakhala akuvutika zaka zambiri kuti athandizidwe ndi magulu onse omwe angaphunzire achinyamata ogonana. Ngakhalenso kufufuza muchitidwe wogonana wamba kumasowa, amalira. Kodi pali chiyembekezo chotani chozindikira momwe zinthu zingayendere bwino?
Njira yabwino yophunzirira zotsatira za zolaula zingakhale kuwonetsera kwa anthu osankhidwa mwachisawawa, ndi gulu lolamulira likuyang'ana zinthu zina zosangalatsa, monga galimoto ikutsata kapena masewera. Zotsatira zosiyana pazochita ndi malingaliro zingathe kuchitika pakapita nthawi. Mu 1986 Neil Malamuth ya UCLA anagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti asonyeze kuti kuonera zolaula zowonongeka kunayambitsa maganizo osokoneza maganizo, mwinamwake mwa kuwalingalira-ngakhale mwa amuna omwe kale anali nawo. Koma kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, makomiti amakhalidwe abwino athandizira maphunzirowa. Ngati ngakhale munthu wina wogwirira chigamulo anganene kuti akulakwira pa zolaula zoperekedwa ndi wofufuzira-ngakhale mosalungama-zikhoza kukhala zoopsa zachuma komanso zapagulu.
Choncho maphunziro ambiri owonetsa zolaula amangosonyeza kusiyana pakati pa momwe anthu amanenera kuti amayang'ana ndi makhalidwe awo ena. Ofufuza ambiri apeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndikokwanira pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto, ubale wosagwirizana ndi mavuto ena amtundu wa anthu ndi zamankhwala. Ogwiritsa ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri amakhala atayamba kugonana mofulumira, kuti agone kugonana monga ntchito yokhudzana ndi thupi, monga kudya kapena kumwa, ndi kuyesa kukopa ena kugonana. Koma palibe amene amadziwa zomwe zinabwera poyamba: zolaula kapena vuto.
Achinyamata amavutika kwambiri kuphunzira. Kuwonetsa zolaula kwa osakwatiwa sikuletsedwa m'malo ambiri, kutanthauza kuti ofufuza ayenera kudalira kudzipereka. Koma achinyamata samalankhulana momveka bwino kwa akuluakulu pa chilichonse, samangokhala ndi zizoloŵezi zochititsa manyazi zimene amadziŵa kuti zimakhumudwitsidwa. Ndipo kufunsa kokha mwachindunji kumasowa anthu omwe sanawone zolaula, koma amvapo za iwo akusukulu. Choncho zotsatira za kafukufuku, monga pan-European mmodzi mu 2010 yomwe inapeza kuti 14% ya 9-kwa zaka za 16 awona zolaula m'zaka zapitazo, mosakayikira adzanyalanyaza. Kafukufukuyu anagwiritsanso ntchito mafoni a m'manja komanso iPads, zomwe zakhala zosavuta kupeza zithunzi zolaula, komanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zinthu zakuthupi. Ofufuza ena adafunsa ophunzira aku yunivesite kuti ayambe kuona zolaula, koma izi zimadalira kukumbukira bwino ndipo zotsatira zake zatsimikiziridwa kuti zatha.
Nchifukwa chiyani mukuganiza kuti ukonde unabadwa?
Chimodzi mwazinthu zowopsya kwambiri ndi chakuti ogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kukhala odalira zolaula mofanana ndi ena omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu March ChildLine ndi NSPCC, zopereka zothandizira ana awiri akuluakulu, adafalitsa kafukufuku wina akuti mmodzi mwa khumi a British 12-a zaka za 13 adawopa kuti "adakonda zolaula". Posakhalitsa zinaonekeratu kuti zinayendetsedwa ndi makampani ofufuza malonda omwe amadziwika bwino ndi zochitika zapamwamba. Ambiri mwa ophunzira ndi ophunzitsa za kugonana adasaina kalata yotseguka kuti sizinali "zopweteka kwenikweni koma zimapereka umboni wakuti achinyamata ena amaopa kuti zolaula zimawavulaza".
Umboni wabwino ukuwonetsa kuti zolaula, ngati zilipo, ndizochepa. Valerie Voon ya Cambridge University inaphunzira amuna a 23 omwe ntchito zawo zolaula zinawabweretsa mavuto aakulu: ena adataya ntchito kapena abwenzi chifukwa cholephera kuwona maonekedwe awo, ndipo ena adawononga ndalama zambiri pa malo owonetsa zolaula kapena anati sakwanilitsa kukonzedwa popanda zolaula. Zithunzi za ubongo wawo pamene iwo ankawona zolaula zinkasonyeza machitidwe omwe amachitira mankhwala osokoneza bongo akuyang'ana pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ena amasonyeza chizindikiro chachizolowezi choledzera: ngakhale kuti akulakalaka zolaula, amawoneka kuti sakusangalala nawo. Phunziro lina la "chisokonezo" iwo anachitapo kanthu mofulumira ku zojambula zolaula-zomwezo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Ndondomeko zofananamo sizinawoneke m'machitidwe. Koma ngakhale mkati mwa gulu loopsya kwambiri, Dr Voon anaona kusiyana kwakukulu mukumvera kwa ubongo.
A Prause awonanso ubongo wa abambo ndi amai omwe amadzitchula kuti akuwona zolaula zambiri. Iye sanapeze kugwirizana pakati pa chiwerengero ndi kuuma kwa mavuto omwe adawafotokozera ndi chikhalidwe cha "mankhwala" monga momwe amachitira ndi zithunzi zolaula. Malingaliro odziletsa kapena banja lachipembedzo angakhale omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale mwayi wolemba zovuta zolaula, akuti. "Ndi zolaula, anthu amati amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati akufuna."
"Otsatira ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa ine," anatero Ian Kerner, wothandizira kugonana ndi wolemba wa "Iye Afika Choyamba: Buku la Munthu Woganiza Lokondweretsa Mkazi". Ambiri amawona zolaula zambiri pa intaneti, amafotokozera zochepa za libido ndi zovuta za erectile kapena zovuta, ndikuganiza kuti ali oledzera ku zinthuzo. Koma nthawi zambiri mavuto awo angathe kuthetsedwa m'malo mophweka. Dr Kerner anafunsa makasitomala khumi ndi awiri ndi zovuta za erectile kuti asiye zolaula pa intaneti kwa masabata angapo. Iwo amaseweretsa maliseche pang'ono: zimatengera ntchito yochuluka kuti iganizire mopanda phindu, kuvala DVD kapena kugula magazini. Ambiri adapeza kuti libidos zawo zinabwerera.
Geoffrey Miller, katswiri wa zamaganizo ku yunivesite ya New Mexico, akuti ndi chizoloŵezi choonera TV pang'ono. Koma anthu ena omwe amaitanira ku "Mating Grounds", omwe amawauza za kugonana, ali anyamata omwe asankha kuti azikhala ndi zibwenzi zambiri, ndizochita zambiri: kugwira ntchito kuntchito zolemetsa, kusuta poto ndi kuyang'ana zolaula zambiri. Amapempha momwe angasinthire miyoyo yawo ndikupeza chibwenzi. Miller akuyamikira njira zosavuta, kuyamba ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya zabwino, ndikupita patsogolo ku machitidwe a malingaliro ndi kusuntha chidziwitso chodziŵika bwino, zomwe "zimadzutsa wokondedwa wawo". Amalowetsa m'malo osangalatsa kwenikweni samapangitsa mavuto awo, akuti, koma zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuti akhalebe ovuta.
Inu mudzadziwa izo pamene inu muziwona izo
Ena amaopa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti omwe amayamba ndi vanila amayendetsa kupita ku zinthu zina zambiri ndikuyamba kukonda. Izi zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwa achinyamata. Koma zokonda za anthu akuluakulu zimawoneka kuti ndi zokonzeka kwambiri-ndipo sizinali zachilendo. A Ogas ndi a Gaddam adapeza kuti ambiri omwe amafufuza zolaula amakhala ndi zofuna zokha (ziwiri, ziwalo za thupi, kugonana, zizindikiro ndi zina zotero). Pakati pa miyezi itatu yomwe AOL idalongosola, 56% mwa iwo omwe anafufuza zolaula amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira gulu limodzi. Chiwerengero cha magulu anali awiri. Pafupi ndi 1% adafufuzira mawu m'magulu khumi kapena zambiri. Mitu ikuluikuluyi inali mawu okhudza achinyamata, mabere, vaginas ndi mabowo. Mchitidwe wogonana pa intaneti wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi "wotopetsa" kapena wosiyana, akuti Ogas. "Amuna samayamba kufufuza mabere akulu ndikugwira ntchito kuti azigonana."
Izi zimakhala zolimbikitsa, mpaka momwe zimakhalira. Koma ngakhale kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula sikusintha zokonda za owonerera, kodi zingakhudze chikhulupiliro chogona? Mu kafukufuku wofalitsidwa chaka chatha, ofufuza a ku University of London adafuna kudziwa ngati zolaula zimakhudzidwa ndi zosankha za achinyamata kuti azigonana. Iwo anafunsana ndi 130 16- kwa zaka za 18, ena mwa magulu ndipo ena okha. Amuna ndi akazi onse amakhulupirira kuti izi zikhoza kukhala zokondweretsa amuna koma zowawa kwa akazi, ngati atakhala "osasamala" kapena "osayanjanitsika". Ambiri a anyamatawo adayankha abwenzi akunyengerera kuti avomereze; Atsikana adati adapemphedwa, nthawi zina molimbika, ngakhale atakana mobwerezabwereza.
Ophunzirawo adanena kuti zolaula "zimapanga" amuna amafuna kugonana kwachinyamata-zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi Cicely Marston, mmodzi mwa ofufuza, akufotokoza kuti "ndipadera, phindu". Chikhumbo chomwe anyamata ambiri adachoka kuti adzidzitamanda pa kugonana chidawoneka ngati chokhudzidwa. Koma chiwonetsero cha zolaula chinawonekera pa kumvetsa kwawo za kugonana kawirikawiri. Ofufuzawa adawafunsa kuti adziwe zochitika zonse zogonana zomwe adzidziwa. Anatchula zojambula zambiri zolaula, monga katatu ndi zigawenga, komanso zochitika zachiwawa komanso zachiwawa zomwe zinkatchuka kwambiri ndi zizindikiro ndi mafilimu.
Popanda kufufuza nthawi yaitali, zimakhala zovuta kudziŵa ngati pakhala pali kusintha kwakukulu kwa kugonana, ndipo ngati ziri choncho, kaya zolaula zimakhala mbali. Cindy Gallop, yemwe ndi wotsogolera malonda, amapereka chidwi, chosokoneza, ndi chidziwitso. Mu 2003, wakale wa 43, iye akukankhira pa akaunti ya intaneti pa chibwenzi. Kuti aphunzire msika, adayina ndi ochita mpikisano angapo. Ma-e-mail ochokera kwa anthu mu 20 awo adasefukira.
Popeza mayi Gallop, nayenso, analibe chidwi ndi zingwe zopanda kugonana, iye adapezeka kuti akhoza kuthetsa kusinthasintha kwa kugonana pafupi. Mu 2009 iye adalenga webusaitiyi, makelovenotporn.com, kuti amvetsere "nthano" zolaula zomwe zimaoneka ngati zachizoloŵezi pakati pa anyamata, monga lingaliro lakuti kuyitana amayi otukwana pa nthawi yogonana ndi njira yowonjezera moto iwo apitirira. Mutu wa TED wa mphindi zinayi wapereka za zomwe anakumana nazo zinali chimodzi mwa zomwe zinakambidwa chaka chino, ndipo zakhala zikuyang'anidwa pa YouTube kuposa ma miliyoni.
Ms. Gallop adakali kulandira ma-e-mail kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi. Iwo amati amayi achichepere, nayenso, agonana ndi zolaula. Mabanja ang'onoang'ono amamuyamika chifukwa cha kuyambitsa kukambirana kumene adapeza kuti sadasangalale ndi zinthu zomwe iwo anali akugona pabedi chifukwa chakuti malingaliro awo onse anali kuyembekezera. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo adalenga makelovenotporn.tv, malo ogawaniza mavidiyo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zogonana zenizeni "kukhala ovomerezeka ndi ogwirizana ndi anthu," ndipo akuyembekeza kukhazikitsa zipangizo zothandizira kugonana, ngati angapeze ndalama.
Ena akulabadira zolaula pa intaneti poyesa kuimitsa. M'boma la 2013 boma la Britain linakakamiza ISPs kuti lilepheretsa anthu akuluakulu kukhala makompyuta atsopano pokhapokha atasiya mafyuluta. Popeza makasitomala ambiri atero, boma likukonzekera kutsegula ma webusaiti akuluakulu omwe samakakamiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuti atsimikizire kuti apitirira 18, mwinamwake kupyolera mwa chidziwitso chosadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha ID ndi mabungwe osankhidwa ndi ngongole. Popeza malo ambiri opanga zolaula amakhala kunja kwa Britain, amafuna kupanga ma webusaiti a ISPs omwe samatsatira.
Zosakaniza zimaletsa ana kuti asawone zinthu zosayenera mwadzidzidzi. Koma aliyense amene akufunafuna zolaula angawaphwanyidwe mosavuta ndi VPN, ndipo kutsekedwa kwakukulu kwa malamulo kungaphwanye malamulo a ku Ulaya omwe amaletsa ISPs kuchitira mtundu wina wa magalimoto mosiyana ndi ena. Denmark, kumene maphunziro a kugonana akhala akukakamizidwa kuyambira 1970, akutenga njira yosiyana. M'malo moyesa kudzionetsera kuti palibe zolaula, kapena kuletsa achinyamata kuti asawone, aphunzitsi ena a Danish akuyamba kukambirana nawo m'kalasi. "Sitikufunsanso ophunzira kuti awonetsere zolaula," anatero Christian Graugaard, pulofesa wa zojambula zogonana ku yunivesite ya Aalborg yemwe akufuna maphunzirowa apite kudziko lonse. "Ambiri mwa atsikana ndi anyamata akhala akumana ndi zithunzi zolaula ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri." Zithunzi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyankhula za kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, kugonana mosatetezeka komanso tanthauzo la kuvomereza, akuti - komanso momwe tingakhalire ndi moyo wosangalala mtsogolomu. Popeza kuti zolaula zili ponseponse, amaganiza kuti, "Ndibwino kuti achinyamata aziphunzira kukhala anthu ovuta kwambiri."