[youtube] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKdP0ifBqi8 [/ youtube]

Momwe Sayansi Ilili Ngati Chigwirizano cha Bug

ndi Nir Eyal mkati ogwiritsa

Mlungu uno, zikwi zambiri za anthu zinasokoneza msonkhano wa pachaka wa Consumer Electronics ku Las Vegas. Kuyang'ana kumwamba, zochitikazo zikufanana ndi tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

[Dziwani: nkhaniyi ili ndi zaka 5, koma kanema pamwambapa ndiwowonjezedwa kumene.] Poganizira za ubale wathu wovuta ndi ukadaulo, mwina ndikofunikira kulingalira zavuto la kachilombo kena, kachilomboka kachimuna, kamene kama ife Nthawi, sangapeze zokwanira zoyipa. Chilakolako chake cholakwika ndi champhamvu kwambiri kotero kuti chimawopseza kupulumuka kwa mitundu yake.

Pamene akuthaŵa, amphongo akufufuza malo owuma a ku Australia, kufunafuna chikondi. Amayang'ana mkazi wamkulu kwambiri, wofiira kwambiri yemwe amamupeza chifukwa zikhalidwe ziwiri, kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake, zimapereka chidziwitso chachibadwa chokhudza thupi lake. Mwadzidzidzi, kuyang'ana kwa mtsikana wake wamaloto kumamulepheretsa. Iye amadzipanga yekha ndi kuyandikira kukongola kosangalatsa.

Koma mwamuna wamtunduwu sadziwika kuti ndi wochenjera. Genitalia yayima, iye ali wokonzeka kuchita kanthu ndipo akuyamba kupanga makondomu mwamsanga atangokhala pa iye. Koma kupita patsogolo kwake mwanyenga kumadzudzula. Komabe, ali wotsimikiza kumuthandiza, kaya akufuna kapena ayi. Amakhalabe wokhulupirika, monga momwe akazi ena abwino amamutsitsira. Iye akufuna chokhacho chachikulu, chowoneka bwino kwambiri, choncho, mkazi wokongola kwambiri.

Osakhumudwitsidwa, amangokhala chete mpaka dzuwa litamuotcha kapena Khrisimasi Wachiwawa waku Australia ataphimba thupi lake ndikuyamba kumudula ziwalo. Pomaliza, amwalira, osadziwa kuti adayesayesa kupatsa mowa botolo lokongola modabwitsa.

Zachilendo zosaneneka

Kwa kachilomboka ka julodimorpha, kukula kwa botolo la mowa, chigoba, ndi pansi pamadontho ndi maonekedwe oyenerera a akazi. Nkhani yake ya chiwonongeko choipa ndi yowawa, koma si zachilendo. Chodabwitsachi chimadziwika kuti "chodabwitsa kwambiri," chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 1930s ndi woyang'anira Dutch Nobel, dzina lake Niko Tinbergen, kuti afotokoze zinthu zowonjezereka, zomwe zimakhudza zamoyo za chilengedwe koma zimapangitsa mayankho amphamvu kuposa chinthu chenichenicho. Makhalidwewa amawoneka pa mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo, makamaka mwaife.

Tinbergen ankayesa mbalame zazing'ono za nyimbo zomwe zinasankha kukhala pa mazira akuluakulu obisala m'malo mwa ana awo. Anawona nsomba zamphongo zikumenyana ndi zipolowe zowonjezereka kuposa momwe zingakhalire zowononga. Anaonanso nyama zina zomwe zimanyenga nthawi zonse ndi njirayi. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame ya cuckoo imadziwika kuti imaika mazira m'mitundu yambiri, ndikukhulupirira kuti kamnyamata kakang'ono kake kakang'ono ndi kowala kwambiri kamangopangitsa kuti mbalameyo ikapusitsidwe. Amayi osakayikira adzadyetsa nkhuku zazikulu, akuganiza kuti ndizokulu kwambiri komanso zowononga kwambiri ana ake, komabe ana ake omwe amafa ndi njala.

Ndife Cuckoos Too

Musanayambe kudodometsa kukongola kwa nyongolotsi, mbalame ndi nsomba, taganizirani zofooka zathu za zinthu zomwe timaona kuti ndizosafunikira kwenikweni. Sosaiti ndi luso lamakono zasanduka mofulumira mochuluka kuposa momwe ife timakhalira, zomwe zimatipangitsa ife kukhala otetezeka ku mitundu yofanana ya zotsutsana. Koma mosiyana ndi nyama zochepetsedwa zomwe zimagwidwa ndi mitundu ya parasitic, anthu amagulitsa zozizwitsa kwambiri kwa wina ndi mnzake kwa phindu.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo wa Harvard Deirdre Barrett amanena kuti njirayi imakhudza zochita zathu monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zinyama zina. Televizioni ndi mafilimu amawonetsera maubwenzi okondweretsa, zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala ndi maganizo otukuka, kukhudzana ndi chisangalalo, popanda kuyesetsa konse, mukudziwa, kuchita chirichonse.

Timakhudzidwa ndi masewera a pakompyuta omwe amapereka zokhudzana ndi zosangalatsa zambiri. Zilonda, zilembo za anime ndi zinthu zina zozizwitsa kwambiri - taganizirani Hello Kitty ndi Momveka Kwambiri - gwiritsani ntchito zizindikiro zowonongeka ngati maso akulu, mapepala apamwamba, ndi mitu ikuluikulu kuti akope ana ndi akuluakulu kuti agule ndi kuwasamalira. Chakudya chamadzulo chimaphatikizidwa ndi shuga kwambiri ndi mafuta, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kwambiri m'chilengedwe, komanso zokoma kwambiri.

Koma mwinamwake zovuta zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zimabwera pamatope athu ndi posachedwapa, m'matumba athu, kudzera mu zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi. Mitundu yathu ya botolo ya botolo kuti ikhale yamkati ikuwoneka kuti ndi njala yathu yolimbikitsa kugonana. Zolakolako zomwe zimapangidwira pang'onopang'ono sichinthu chenicheni kuposa botolo la mowa ndi kachilomboka, komabe zithunzi zolaula ndizojambula mabiliyoni mabiliyoni ambiri, mpaka chaka chatha, nthawi yotsatsa ndondomekoyi ikugwirizana ndi CES

Cholinga chathu chopanga zinthu zokondweretsa bwino sizatsopano. Zina mwazojambula zakale kwambiri zapadziko lapansi zimapereka umboni wosonyeza kuti wakale amachititsa chidwi kwambiri. Venus wa Willendorf, omwe amawerengedwa kuti anajambulidwa kuchokera ku miyala ya miyala ya 25,000 zaka zapitazo, akuwonetsera chiwonetsero chachikazi ndi zizindikiro zowonjezereka kuphatikizapo zofukiza zambiri ndi mawere akuluakulu okwanira kuti ngakhale nyenyezi zolaula zowonongeka lerolino zikuphwanyidwe. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti chiwerengerocho ndi choyamba m'kati mwa zinthu zomwe zimatengera maso ndi kuutsa zikhumbo zathu. Mlengi wa Venus wa Willendorf sanali mmodzi mwa ojambula oyamba padziko lonse lapansi, adalinso oyamba malonda.

Mayi Wonse Wopanga

Koma kuyambira pamene anthu oyenda pamapanga adayamba kumanga mapanga awo osayera, pakhala pali kusiyana kwa zotsatira za zovuta zowonjezereka, zomwe zimatilekanitsa ife ndi nyama zosavuta. Pamene julodimorpha amakhala ndi chigololo ndi botolo lokonda mowa mpaka imfa, anthu mofulumizitsa, amayamba kunjenjemera komanso kusuntha.

Ubongo wathu umabwera patsogolo pokhapokha ndi pulogalamu yamaganizo yomwe imatipangitsa ife kutopa ndi wakale ndi kufunafuna chatsopano. Amatchedwa "hedonic adaptation", ndipo ndi chifukwa chake othamanga mpikisano ndi opunduka amakonda kubwereranso ku mkhalidwe womwewo wa chisangalalo chomwe iwo anali nacho musanachitike zochitika zawo zosintha moyo.

Timazolowera momwe zinthu zilili komanso kutikopa tikungotengera zinthu zakuthupi monga kukula kwa mawere, shuga, kapena mawonekedwe azenera, zimazimiririka pomwe zomwe tikufuna zakhala zofala. Timakondana ndi zinthu zathu zaposachedwa kwakanthawi, koma posakhalitsa tazindikira kuti ndiwowonjezera kwina kukusonkha kwathu kwa zinyalala zamtsogolo. Makhalidwe apamwamba amatha kutikopa, koma mwa iwo okha, amasiya kutikopa.

Komabe, chizoloŵezi chathu chokhazikika mwamsanga chimatipangitsa kukhala otetezeka ku chinthu chimodzi chodabwitsa chomwe timapeza chovuta kwambiri kuti tikane. Ngakhale timatha kupwetekedwa ndi kachilomboka ka julodimorpha kapena dzira la mbalame ya cuckoo, timangokhala ndi khalidwe linalake limene timapeza mofanana. Ndi chifukwa chake timayendayenda m'magulu a CES, masitolo a Apple ndi masewera a kanema ndipo ndizofotokozera zomwe timanena komanso masewera omwe timasewera. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, monga momwe zamoyo zathu zilili, ndi zachilendo.

Chidwi chathu chosakhutitsidwa mwina ndiye chinthu chachikulu kwambiri mwaumunthu, komanso ndicho gwero la zofooka zathu zambiri. Anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula amafunika kujambula zithunzi zolimbitsa thupi kuti afike pachimake, kuthera maola ambiri akufunafuna dzina labwino. Omwe amatchova juga ayenera kutenga zoopsa zazikulu, ndikupeza zotayika zazikulu, kuti nawonso akonzekere. Izi ndi zitsanzo zowoneka bwino kwambiri, koma zikuwonetsa momwe tonsefe, pamlingo winawake, timakopeka ndi matsenga osakhutira a "zambiri". Chatsopano, chatsopano chimatikopa chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kwachinsinsi, osati phindu lake.

Chipulumutso chathu, monga Dr. Barrett akulemba, zimachokera kumvetsa. "Tikazindikira momwe zovuta zowonjezereka zimagwirira ntchito, tikhoza kupanga njira zatsopano zowonongeka zamakono. Anthu ali ndi mwayi wapadera kuposa mbalame za Tinbergen - ubongo waukulu. Izi zimatipatsa ife mwayi wapadera wosonyeza kudziletsa, kupambanitsa chikhalidwe chomwe chimatitsogolera, ndi kudzidzimitsa tokha ku misampha ya gayidi. "Inde, timayamba kumasula kukoka kokondweretsa kwambiri pamene tikuzindikira.

Zowonjezera Zithunzi: Darryl Gwynne, Wikipedia, AskDaveTaylor, patrick