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Ndi Naomi Wolf
N'zovuta kunyalanyaza amuna angati omwe amawoneka bwino m'zaka zaposachedwa (ndithudi, miyezi) akhala akuchita zowonongeka. Amuna ena amphamvu akhala akulakalaka kugonana; mosiyana ndi lero, iwo anali ochenjera kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwiritsira ntchito bwino chiweruzo kuti athe kuphimba njira zawo.
Zoonadi, mphamvu zamakono zamakono zamakono zowonetsa khalidwe laumwini ndilo chifukwa cha kusinthaku. Koma izi ndizozimenezi: Ambiri mwa amuna omwe adagwidwa ndi ziwalo zobwereza zokhudzana ndi kugonana adziwonetsera okha - nthawi zina kwenikweni - mwa kuvomereza kwawo mauthenga, Twitter, ndi ena osamvera.
Kodi n'chiyani chimayendetsa kupanga chisankho choletsedwa? Kodi kufalikira ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zolaula m'zaka zaposachedwapa kungakhale kubwereza ubongo wamwamuna, kumakhudza chiganizo cha amuna pankhani yogonana ndikuwathandiza kuti azivutika kwambiri kulamulira zofuna zawo?
Pali umboni wochuluka wa sayansi wotsimikizira mfundo imeneyi. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, ndinalemba nkhani yonena za "The Myth Myth," yomwe inanena kuti odwala ndi alangizi a kugonana anali okhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zithunzi zolaula pakati pa anyamata omwe ali ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kusowa kwachisankho komanso kukwera msanga pakati pa anthu omwewo. Awa anali anyamata achidwi omwe analibe zochitika zapachilengedwe kapena zamaganizo zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito yachibadwa yogonana.
Lingaliro la akatswiriwa linali lakuti zolaula zinkasokoneza pang'onopang'ono amunawa kugonana. Zoonadi, zovuta zowononga zolaula kuti zithetse mavuto mwamsanga mu nkhani zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pophunzitsa madokotala ndi magulu ankhondo kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta kwambiri.
Chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri amawafunira zabwino, ofufuza adapeza kuti nthawi yomweyo ankafuna kuti pakhale zovuta zambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwezo. Akatswiri amene ndinkawafunsa panthawiyo ankaganiza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunali kosautsa anyamata achikulire kuti azikonda anzawo.
Kuchokera apo, deta yambiri pa mphotho ya mphoto ya ubongo yayamba kufotokoza izi mobwerezabwereza. Tsopano tikudziwa kuti zolaula zimapereka mphoto kwa ubongo wamwamuna ngati mawonekedwe a nthawi yochepa, omwe, kwa ola limodzi kapena awiri pambuyo pake, imakweza maganizo a amuna ndikuwapangitsa kukhala omasuka. Woyang'anira dera la neural ali chimodzimodzi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ena, monga njuga kapena cocaine.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi chimodzimodzinso: Monga ogwiritsa juga ndi cocaine ogwiritsa ntchito angathe kukhala okakamiza, akusowa kusewera kapena kupopera zambiri kuti athandizidwe mofanana, kotero amatha kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kuti azisokonezeka. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mphotho zina, pambuyo poti dopamine ikuphulika, wogula amamva kukhumudwa - kukwiya, kudandaula, ndi kuyembekezera kukonzekera kotsatira. (Pali umboni wina watsopano, wotulukira Jim Pfaus ku University of Concordia ku Canada, kuti kuchotsa chilakolako kungawononge amayi ogula zithunzi zolaula.)
Werengani: Palibe 'anyamata' kapena 'atsikana' kusukulu yopanda ndale ku Sweden.
Dopamine effect imalongosola chifukwa chake zolaula zimayamba kuwonjezereka kwambiri pa nthawi: zithunzi zachiwerewere zowonongeka zimatha kutaya mphamvu zawo, zomwe zimawatsogolera ogula kuti apeze zithunzi zomwe zimaphwanya zojambula zina m'njira zina, kuti amve bwino. Komanso, amuna ena (ndi akazi) ali ndi "dopamine dzenje" - machitidwe awo opindula a ubongo sagwira ntchito mocheperako - kuwapangitsa iwo kukhala oledzera kwambiri zolaula zoopsa kwambiri.
Monga momwe zilili ndi chizolowezi chilichonse, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa cha ziwalo za thupi, chifukwa chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chosiya kuchita zinthu - ngakhale zinthu zowonongeka - zomwe zimamuthandiza kupeza dopamine yotsatira. Kodi ndi chifukwa chake amuna omwe kale adatha kutenga nthawi yothetsera zochitika pambuyo pakhomo tsopano sangathe kulimbana ndi maganizo ofuna kutumiza uthenga? Ngati ndi choncho, amuna otere sangathe kukhala ziwanda kapena makhalidwe abwino, koma amakhala odzisokoneza omwe sali odziteteza okha.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti iwo alibe udindo wa khalidwe lawo. Koma ndikutsutsa kuti ndi mtundu wina wa udindo: udindo wozindikira mphamvu zowonongeka za zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikufunsira uphungu ndi mankhwala ngati chizoloŵezi chiyamba kukhudza mwamuna kapena mkazi wanu, banja lanu, moyo wawo wamakhalidwe, kapena chiweruzo.
Pakalipano, pali njira yowonetsera komanso yowonjezereka yopezera amuna ochita zachiwerewere ndikuwatsitsimutsa ku maganizo olingalira bwino, osachepera pamfundo yawo. Kumvetsetsa momwe zolaula zimakhudzira ubongo ndi kuvulaza abambo akuluakulu omwe amalola anthu kupanga zosankha zodziwa bwino - m'malo mochita zinthu zosadzikonda kapena zowonongeka pamagulu - m'dziko lomwe lakhala likuvuta kwambiri.
Maganizo omwe ali m'nkhaniyi ndi okha a Naomi Wolf. Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2011. Mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri ndi Naomi Wolf pa Project Syndicate