Munthu wanzeru amalamulira zilakolako zake, koma chitsiru chimazimvera. —Publius Syrus
Chifukwa cha kufulumira kwa teknoloji, wina ayenera kudzifunsa ngati ubongo wathu (ndi matupi) sungathe kukhala ndi "zokopa" zatsopano zomwe zilipo.
Kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti zinthu zina zomwe timasangalala nazo masiku ano zingatchulidwe kuti ndi zinthu zosayembekezereka , mawu omwe akatswiri a zamoyo za chisinthiko amagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza zinthu zilizonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu ayankhe bwino kuposa zinthu zomwe zinamupangitsa kuti asinthe, ngakhale zitakhala zongopeka —mwanjira ina, kodi magwero a zinthu zolimbikitsa “zapamwamba” monga zakudya zopanda thanzi ndi zolaula angatipangitse kukhala ndi zizolowezi zoipa?
Ili ndithudi nkhani yakuda, koma ndi funso limene ndikukhulupirira liyenera kufufuza.
Kupatula apo, tazunguliridwa ndi zokopa zomwe sizinapezeke ngakhale zaka zingapo zapitazo, nanga malingaliro anga ndi thupi langa ali okonzeka ku Flavour Blasted Goldfish ™ ndipo samathetsa zosintha zamagulu?
Tisanayambe kufufuza, tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule mfundoyi: kodi ndizomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri?
Zojambula zokongola pansipa zidzalongosola zofunikira, ndipo zidzakutengerani osachepera maminiti a 2 kuti muwerenge.
Khalani Odziwa: Supermormal Stimuli
Kanema Woseketsa: wolembedwa ndi Stuart McMillen waluso kwambiri , wofalitsidwa ndi chilolezo. Zambiri zokhudza Stuart ndi ntchito yake zili pansi pa positi.
Pamene "Kulimbikitsidwa" Kwakukulu Kumapita Cholakwika
Nikolaas Tinbergen , katswiri wa zachikhalidwe yemwe adapambana mphoto ya Nobel, ndiye bambo wa mawu akuti supernormal stimuli . Monga taonera, Tinbergen adapeza mu zoyeserera zake kuti amatha kupanga "zopangira" zomwe zinali zamphamvu kuposa chibadwa choyambirira, kuphatikiza zitsanzo zotsatirazi:
- Iye anamanga mazira a pulasitala kuti aone zomwe mbalame idakonda kukhalapo, poona kuti amasankha zomwe zinali zazikulu, anali ndi zizindikiro zambiri, kapena mitundu yambiri yodzaza-tsiku lofiira lokhala ndi madontho wakuda a polka angasankhidwe pa mbalame zokongola, mazira .
- Anapeza kuti nsomba zam'madzi zimatha kupha mtengo wa nsomba molimba kwambiri kuposa mwamuna weniweni ngati nsonga yake inali yowonjezera.
- Iye anamanga makatoni ziwombankhanga zokongola ndi zizindikiro zambiri zomwe agulugufe angayese kuti azikangana nawo mosiyana ndi akazi enieni.
Posakhalitsa, Tinbergen adatha kuwonetsa khalidwe la zinyama izi ndi zolimbikitsa zatsopano zomwe adapeza kuti adakopeka, komanso zomwe adasankha pa chinthu chenichenicho.
Chidziwitso chinatengedwa, ndipo tsopano zizolowezi za zinyama zinkasokoneza moyo wawo chifukwa iwo sangathe kunena kuti ayi ku zokopa zabodza.
Ntchito zambiri za Tinbergen zajambulidwa bwino ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku Harvard, Deirdre Barret, m'buku lakuti Supernormal Stimuli: How Primal Urges Overran Their Evolutionary Purpose . Munthu ayenera kudzifunsa ngati kusintha kuchokera ku zomwe zapezekazi kupita ku khalidwe la anthu kuli pafupi kapena kutali.
Dr. Barret akuwoneka kuti akuganiza kuti mgwirizanowu uli pafupi kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira, ponena kuti kusonkhezera kwachilendo kumalamulira machitidwe a anthu mwamphamvu monga momwe nyama zimalamulira.
Lingaliro ndiloti monga momwe Timbergen adatulutsira mwatsatanetsatane zokopa kwa nyama, kufikitsa patsogolo kwa sayansi kukhoza kuchititsa zinthu zofananamo kwa anthu-kodi tikhoza kukhala "okonzekera" zina mwa zochitika zathu zamakono, zosangalatsa, kupatula nthawi yomwe ife Kodi mukuyenera kusintha?
N'zovuta kunena—mudzapeza mfundo zabwino kwambiri kuchokera m'magulu onse awiri.
Nazi zitsanzo zochepa zomwe anthu ambiri amadzifunsa:
( Dziwani: chonde werengani nkhani yonse. Sindikunena kuti musachite nawo zotsatirazi, kapena kuti zitsanzo zomwe zili pansipa ndi zotsimikizika, kapena kuti ndi "chizolowezi," sichoncho kwenikweni! Zangobweretsedwa chifukwa cha chidwi.)
Zakudya zosapatsa thanzi
1.) Kukonda kwambiri zakudya zopanda thanzi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri m'badwo wathu—chakudya chimapangidwa kuti chikhale chokongola kwambiri kuposa chachilengedwe. Ndiye kodi n'zosadabwitsa kuti chakudya chofulumira chikafika kumayiko ena, anthu amayamba kuchidya pafupipafupi?
2.) Tinganene kuti kwa nthawi yayitali anthu anali ndi njira yokhazikika. Tsopano "concoction" yatsopano ya chakudya imatuluka sabata iliyonse. Kodi izi zingatikhudze bwanji? Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti zakudya monga tirigu wokonzedwa zinabwera mofulumira kwambiri ndipo zikuchita zambiri m'maganizo ndi m'thupi lanu.
3.) Chakudya ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri kulimbana nazo chifukwa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri—vuto la zakudya zopanda thanzi limachitika chifukwa chakuti ndi njira “ yolimbikitsa kwambiri ” ya mphotho yachilengedwe yomwe tiyenera kutsatira . Kuledzera ndi chakudya ndiye vuto lenileni , ndipo ndi chizolowezi chovuta kusiya chifukwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli nthawi zonse zimakhalapo.
Masewera a TV & makanema
1.) Kuyang'ana mwachangu mu ofesi yanga yakunyumba kungawonetse Super Nintendo yomwe ikugwirabe ntchito yolumikizidwa ndi Chrono Trigger yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Sindikuganiza kuti masewera apakanema amayambitsa chiwawa kwambiri ( kafukufuku akuvomereza ), koma ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti zikuwoneka kuti masewera apakanema angakhale osokoneza bongo kwa anthu ena, makamaka kwa anthu ena.
2.) Kukonda kwambiri TV kungapangitse ogwiritsa ntchito ena kusonyeza zizindikiro za chizolowezi chochita zinthu mopitirira muyeso— ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaonera TV kuti asinthe maganizo awo , koma mpumulo umene amapeza ndi wakanthawi kochepa, ndipo nthawi zambiri umawabweretseranso zina zambiri.
3.) Mwina simungadabwe kumva kuti masewera apakompyuta agwirizanitsidwa ndi kuthawa masewera , koma chomwe simungadziwe ndichakuti kafukufuku wina wapeza zizindikiro za kusiya masewera m'gulu laling'ono la anthu; anayamba kukwiya, kukwiya, komanso anali ndi zizindikiro zakuthupi za kusiya masewera.
Zithunzi zolaula
1.) Mwina ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri pa zinthu zonse zamakono, zolaula zafotokozedwa kuti ndi zobisika chifukwa zimatha kusokoneza zochita zachiwerewere zomwe sizili zachilendo. Zolaula zagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa zokonda zogonana, ndipo ena amanena kuti zolaula zimatha kukhala dopamine "yosatha" (ngakhale kuti pali maphunziro ochepa otsimikizika omwe amachitika pa zolaula ndi malingaliro).
2.) Pali ndime yochokera m'buku la Kurt Vonnegut pomwe mwamuna akuwonetsa mwamuna wina chithunzi cha mkazi atavala bikini ndikufunsa kuti, “Kodi Harry ameneyo? Mtsikana uja apo.” Yankho la mwamunayo ndi lakuti, “Si mtsikana ameneyo. Ndi pepala.” Anthu amene amachenjeza za chizolowezi cha zolaula nthawi zonse amagogomezera kuti si chizolowezi chogonana , ndi chaukadaulo. Kodi zolaula zingakhudze momwe mumaonera zenizeni?
3.) Zanenedwa kuti zolaula zimasokoneza " malo owonetsera mphoto " mu kugonana kwa anthu—bwanji muvutike kuyesa kufunafuna ndikusangalatsa mnzanu amene mungakhale naye ngati mungathe kungopita kunyumba kukaonera zolaula? Izi zanenedwa kuti ndi chiyambi cha chizolowezi cha zolaula, chifukwa zachilendo nthawi zonse zimakhala zosavuta, ndipo zachilendo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi dopamine yomwe imapangitsa kuti munthu azilakalaka kwambiri kugonana.
Monga momwe katswiri wa zamaganizo Susan Weinschenk adafotokozera mu nkhani ya 2009, dopamine ya neurotransmitter siimapangitsa anthu kusangalala, koma imayambitsa khalidwe lofunafuna. "Dopamine imatipangitsa kufuna, kukhumba, kufunafuna, ndi kufunafuna," analemba motero.
Ndi njira ya opioid yomwe imapangitsa munthu kukhala wosangalala. Komabe, "dopamine dongosolo ndi lamphamvu kuposa opioid system," anafotokoza motero. "Timafuna zambiri kuposa momwe timakhutira."
Intaneti
1.) Mosadabwitsa, akatswiri a zamaganizo tsopano akuganizira kwambiri za intaneti, pozindikira kuti ikhoza kukhala njira yopezera zinthu zambiri . Imalola kuti anthu azilamulira zinthu mopanda malire, ndipo mayiko ena monga Japan ndi South Korea akhala ndi mavuto aakulu ndi anthu odzipatula komanso osakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu pa intaneti—nkhani ina yomwe ndinawerenga ikufotokoza za munthu amene sanatuluke m’nyumba mwake kwa miyezi 6.
2.) Malo ochezera a pa Intaneti awonetsedwa kuti amapangitsa anthu ambiri kukhala ndi nkhawa —amaona zinthu zomwe ena amaona kuti n’zofunika kwambiri, ndipo angamve chisoni kwambiri ndi moyo wawo. Kuyang’ana miyoyo ya ena molakwika komanso nthawi zambiri sikunapezekepo pa intaneti isanayambe. Ngakhale zili choncho, anthu sangasiye kuwayang’ana, poganiza kuti mwina akusowa zinazake.
3.) Kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso, kwa anthu ena, kungawononge luso lawo loganizira kwambiri . Kuchuluka kwa zosangalatsa zomwe intaneti imapereka, komanso mfundo yakuti nthawi zonse chidziwitso chimakhala chosavuta, zingayambitse (kudzera mu kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso) kuchepa kwa kuganiza mozama komanso mozama. Ena anena kuti intaneti ikhoza kukhala 'yosokoneza nthawi zonse' yomwe imawononga pang'onopang'ono kuleza mtima kwanu ndi luso lanu loganiza ndikugwira ntchito pazinthu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kodi Muyenera Kutani?
Izi zingawoneke ngati zambiri zoti mutenge nthawi yomweyo.
Musanachite mantha, mantha, ndikutaya ma Oreos anu onse + kuletsa kulembetsa kwanu pa intaneti, chonde mvetserani— chilichonse mosamala , monga momwe mumachitira ndi zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi.
Pali kafukufuku wambiri wotsutsana ndi zomwe tawona pamwambapa. Fufuzani mabuku monga The 10,000 Year Explosion kuti mudziwe zambiri kuchokera pamenepo. Kuphatikiza apo, ganizirani kuti zinthu zonse zimadalira momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito.
Tengani Intaneti: inde, pali zizindikiro zoti m'njira zina intaneti ikhoza kukhala yosokoneza, koma ganizirani za zomwe ikupereka. Intaneti ndiye gwero labwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso, kotero momwe imakukhudzirani zimatengera momwe mungayigwiritsire ntchito.
Tonsefe tili ndi mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito komanso kuchita zinthu zosaneneka. Chifukwa chokha chomwe ndinasankha kuti ndiwonetsere zitsanzo zowonongeka ndikuwonetsa momwe zinthu zingayendere bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito molakwika.
Ndi zoona anthu inu, mutha kuyika ma tochi anu ndi mafoloko anu! Ine sindiri mdani wa zakudya zopanda pake, intaneti, ndi chilichonse chodabwitsa. Cholinga changa chimodzi chokha cha nkhaniyi chinali kungofufuza nkhaniyi.
Ndipotu, buku loseketsa lomwe lili pamwambapa linali ndi zolinga zofanana. Wojambula, Stuart McMillen , akufotokoza momveka bwino chifukwa chake simuyenera kuopa zambiri ngati izi. M'njira zambiri, ziyenera kukhala zotonthoza :
Muzochitika zonsezi, kusintha kwakukulu ndi kuzindikira . Kudziwa kuti chifukwa chomwe timakopeka ndi makeke okoma ndichakuti ndi okoma kuposa zipatso zilizonse zomwe zimapezeka mwachilengedwe.
Kuzindikira kuti kuonera TV kumayambitsa njira yoyamba yoyankhira, kuyang'ana mafano osunthirapo ngati nyama kapena nyama. Kuzindikiritsa kuti kukondweretsa "okongola" zilembo kumachokera ku chiwopsezo cha tizilombo kuti titeteze ndi kulera ana athu.
Sindinachotse zinthu zachilendo m'moyo wanga, komanso sindikufuna kutero mokwanira. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwona zinthuzo momwe zimaonekera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito maganizo kuti alamulire kapena kugonjetsa mayesero.
Ndimatsindika Deirdre Barrett kuti nthawi zina zimakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri kunena kuti ayi kupambana, kusiyana ndi kuganiza mozama. Kudziwa kokha kudzathandiza kuti zamoyo zisakhale zachizolowezi m'miyoyo yathu.