Matenda Amene Timagawana ndi Nyama Zathu, kuphatikizapo Reptiles (2012)

Izi ndi zochokera mu buku laposachedwa la Herp Digest (ngati simunalembetse kale, chonde lembani!) ndi mgwirizano wa Barbara Natterson-Horowitz, pulofesa wa matenda a mtima ku UCLA komanso wolemba Kathryn Bowers. Nkhaniyi yatengedwa kuchokera m'buku lawo lomwe likubwera la “ Zoobiquity: What Animals Can Teach Us About Health and the Science of Healing ,” lomwe lafotokozedwa kuchokera ku malingaliro a dokotala.

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Nthawi zambiri anthu amasonyeza kuti matendawa akufala kwambiri masiku ano monga kusuta ndi kutsekemera, koma khansa ndi yofala kwambiri pa zinyama. Nkhanza zimayambira khansa ya m'mawere. Chithunzi ndi Jeff Vanuga / Corbis.

Matenda a Melanoma apezeka m'thupi la nyama kuyambira ma penguin mpaka njati. Ma Koala ku Australia ali pakati pa mliri wofala wa chlamydia . Inde, mtundu umenewo - wopatsirana pogonana. Ndinadzifunsa za kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga - ziwiri mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa thanzi la nthawi yathu ino. Kodi nyama zakuthengo zimanenepa kwambiri chifukwa cha mankhwala? Kodi zimadya mopitirira muyeso kapena kudya kwambiri? Ndinaphunzira kuti inde, zimatero.

Ndinazindikiranso kuti atsekwe, gorilla ndi mikango yam'madzi zimamva chisoni ndipo zimatha kuvutika maganizo. Malo okhala, Weimaraners ndi mitundu ina ya galu ndizovuta kuthetsa nkhawa.

Mwadzidzidzi, ndinayamba kuganiziranso za njira yanga yothanirana ndi matenda amisala, gawo lomwe ndidaphunzira panthawi ya matenda amisala omwe ndidamaliza ndisanapite ku matenda a mtima. Mwina wodwala waumunthu amene amangodzitentha ndi ndudu mokakamiza akanakhala bwino ngati katswiri wake wothandiza akafunsa katswiri wodziwa bwino za mbalame zomwe zimachiza mbalame za parrot zomwe zili ndi vuto lotola nthenga. Chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mitundu kuyambira mbalame mpaka njovu imadziwika kuti imafuna zipatso ndi zomera zomwe zimasintha momwe zimamvera - kutanthauza kuti, zimazipangitsa kukhala zoledzeretsa. Pamene ndinkaphunzira zambiri, funso losangalatsa linayamba kulowa m'maganizo mwanga: N'chifukwa chiyani madokotala aumunthu nthawi zonse sitigwirizana ndi akatswiri a zinyama?

Ife tinkakonda. Zaka zana kapena ziwiri zapitazo, m'madera akumidzi, nyama ndi anthu anali kusamalidwa ndi dokotala yemweyo. Ndipo madokotala ndi ziweto zakale amanena kuti adokotala wina wazaka za 19th, William Osler, ndi bambo wa minda yawo. Komabe, mankhwala ndi zinyama za anthu zinayamba kupatukana kumapeto kwa 1800s. Kuwonjezeka kwa mizinda kumatanthauza kuti anthu ochepa ankadalira zinyama kuti azikhala ndi moyo. Magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto anayamba kukankhira zinyama pantchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku.

Madokotala ambiri amawona nyama ndi matenda awo mwanjira ina "yosiyana." Anthu ali ndi matenda awo. Nyama zili nazo. Malo osungiramo zamankhwala ali ndi anthu osatsutsika, ngakhale osatsutsika, otsutsana ndi mankhwala owona zanyama.

Ngakhale zimakhala zovuta pamene MD imatsitsa, zinyama zambiri zimangotenga zokhazokha kwa anthu awo okongola kwambiri pambali yaumunthu. Ambiri adandiuza ine chiwembu chamkati: Kodi mumamutcha kuti dokotala? Veterinarian yemwe amachitira mitundu imodzi yokha.

Maphunziro anga azachipatala ankaphatikizapo machenjezo osatsutsika motsutsana ndi kukopa kosokoneza bongo. M'masiku amenewo, kuzindikira kupweteka kapena kumva chisoni pa nkhope ya nyama kunatsutsidwa monga kulingalira, malingaliro, kapena malingaliro oipa. Koma kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi kwa zaka makumi awiri zapitazo kumatilimbikitsa kuti tipeze malingaliro atsopano. Kuwona mochuluka kwambiri tokha mu zinyama zina sikutheka kukhala vuto lomwe tikuganiza kuti liri. Kumvetsetsa zinyama zathu zomwe zingakhale zochepa kwambiri.

Cancer

ANTHU omwe sankasuta, kumwa kapena kumwa mankhwala komanso kupeŵa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu pulasitiki ndikuphika pa Teflon akhoza kukhala ndi khansa. Zimapha oga, antchito oyamwitsa ndi wamaluwa wamaluwa; makanda, zaka za 5, zaka za 15, zaka za 55 ndi zaka za 85.

Ngakhale kafukufuku wa briefest wa khansa mu zinyama zina amatsindika choonadi chowopsya koma chosanyalanyazidwa: Kumene maselo amagawanitsa, kumene DNA imayimiranso, ndipo pamene kukula kumapezeka, padzakhala khansa. Khansa ndi yachilengedwe gawo la nyama ngati kubadwa, kubereka ndi imfa. Ndipo ndi akale ngati a dinosaurs.

Osteosarcoma , khansa yomwe inakakamiza mwana wa Ted Kennedy, Ted Junior, kudula chiwalo chake kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, imakhudza mafupa a mimbulu, zimbalangondo za grizzly, ngamila ndi zimbalangondo zaku polar. Ndipo khansa ya neuroendocrine yomwe inapha Steve Jobs, yemwe anayambitsa Apple, ngakhale kuti ndi yosowa mwa anthu, ndi chotupa chofala kwambiri cha ferret yakunyumba ndipo yapezeka mu German shepherds, cocker spaniels, Irish setters ndi mitundu ina ya agalu.

Khansa ya m'mawere imakhudza nyama zoyamwitsa kuyambira ma cougar, kangaroo ndi llamas mpaka mikango ya m'nyanja, anamgumi a beluga ndi ferrets akuda. Khansa ina ya m'mawere mwa akazi (ndi amuna nthawi zina) imalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa jini yotchedwa BRCA1. Anthu onse ali ndi jini ya BRCA1. Koma pafupifupi m'modzi mwa 800 a ife amabadwa ndi mtundu wosinthika, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa zina. Kwa akazi achiyuda ochokera ku Ashkenazi, ndi wokwera kufika pa m'modzi mwa 50. Ndipo khansa ya m'mawere yokhudzana ndi BRCA1 imapezekanso mwa nyama zina: English springer spaniels, ndipo mwina amphaka akuluakulu ngati jaguar.

Koma magulu ena a zinyama, zochititsa chidwi, akhoza kutetezedwa ku izo.

Latte yomwe mwamwa m'mawa uno inali ndi mkaka wochokera ku nyama yomwe siimatenga khansa ya m'mawere kawirikawiri. Akatswiri opereka mkaka - ng'ombe za mkaka ndi mbuzi zomwe zimapanga mkaka kuti zipeze zofunika pa moyo - ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha khansa ya m'mawere kotero kuti sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Kuti nyama zomwe zimayamwa mkaka msanga komanso kwa nthawi yayitali zimawoneka kuti zili ndi chitetezo ku khansa ya m'mawere sikuti ndizosangalatsa zokha, komanso zimagwirizana ndi deta ya anthu yomwe imagwirizanitsa kuyamwitsa ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mawere.

Chinthu china chomwe tingaphunzire kuchokera ku khansa ya ziweto ndi momwe imachitidwira ndi anthu ochokera kunja: mavairasi. Madokotala a khansa ya ziweto nthawi zonse amaona izi. Matenda a lymphomas ndi leukemias pakati pa ng'ombe ndi amphaka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavairasi. Ma khansa ambiri omwe amafalikira m'nyanja kuyambira akamba mpaka ma dolphin amachokera ku mavairasi a papilloma ndi herpes . Pakati pa 15 ndi 20 peresenti ya khansa padziko lonse lapansi imayambitsidwa ndi matenda, ambiri mwa iwo ndi mavairasi.

Ndipo kuzindikira komwe khansa ili sikokwanira kungakhale kophunzitsa monga kuzindikira komwe ili. Agalu samatenga khansa ya m'matumbo nthawi zambiri . Khansa ya m'mapapo nayonso ndi yosazolowereka, ngakhale agalu afupiafupi komanso apakatikati omwe amakhala m'nyumba zomwe anthu amasuta amakhala pachiwopsezo. Khansa ya m'mawere ya agalu ndi yosowa kwambiri m'maiko omwe amalimbikitsa kubereka koma nthawi zambiri komwe agalu ambiri achikazi amakhalabe opanda vuto lobereka. Monga momwe akatswiri azachipatala a khansa ya ziweto Melissa Paoloni ndi Chand Khanna akunenera, mitundu iwiri ya agalu imawoneka kuti imadwala khansa pang'ono kuposa ina: beagles ndi dachshunds. Monga akatswiri opereka mkaka omwe samatenga khansa ya m'mawere nthawi zambiri, mitundu ya agalu athanzi kwambiri iyi ingasonyeze machitidwe kapena thupi lomwe limapereka chitetezo ku khansa.

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Bongo

ZINYAMA zilibe mwayi wopita ku masitolo ogulitsa mowa, ma pharmacy kapena ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Koma zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe zili mu mankhwalawa zimapezeka m'chilengedwe - opium mu poppies, mowa mu zipatso zovunda ndi zipatso, zotsitsimula mu masamba a coca ndi khofi. Zikapatsidwa mwayi, nyama zina zimadya ... ndipo zimaledzera.

Ofufuza za chizolowezi choledzera asonyeza kuti majini , ubongo wosatetezeka, ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chilengedwe zimagwira ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwa anthu . Koma pamapeto pake, munthu amene amasankha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amakhala munthu amene amasankha mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chizolowezicho chikhale chovuta kwambiri kwa madokotala, madokotala a matenda amisala , odwala komanso anthu omwe amawasamalira. N’chifukwa chiyani zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu amene ali ndi chizolowezicho “angonena kuti ayi”? Zikuoneka kuti kunena kuti “ayi” n’kovutanso kwa nyama.

Mbalame zamkungudza zimadziwika kuti zimadya zipatso zowonjezera, zimauluka panthawi yomwe zimakhala zoledzeretsa komanso zimawonongeka m'makoma a galasi. Ku Tasmania, wallabies agwera m'minda kumene opiamu yachipatala ikukula, idya chakudya ndipo imatengedwa miyala.

Zinyama zina zimasonyeza makhalidwe ambiri okhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nkhosa zazikuluzikulu zimadumpha mano awo kuti awononge mazira a holocinogenic m'mphepete mwa miyala yam'mphepete mwa mapiri a ku Canada; nyamakazi wina wa ku Siberia akufunafuna bowa wamatsenga.

 

Zing'onoting'ono - Musamanyenge iwo!

Munthu wina wochezeka wa ku Texas, nthawi yomweyo anatumiza miyoyo ya eni ake ku mchira. Monga momwe tafotokozera m'nkhani ya NPR, spaniel, Lady, anali kanyama kakang'ono, mpaka tsiku lina iye adamva kukoma kwa poizoni wa hallucinogenic pa khungu la ndodo. Pasanapite nthawi, iye ankadabwa kwambiri ndi khomo lakumbuyo, nthawi zonse akupempha kuti atuluke. Anakhala beeline ku dziwe kumbuyo ndikuwombera zojambulazo. Atawapeza, adawagwedeza mwamphamvu kwambiri. Malinga ndi azimayi ake, atatha kukhala amphibizi aakazi a Lady "adzakhala osokonezeka, osadziwika bwino komanso owona."

Mu malo oyesera mankhwala, makoswe awonetsedwa kuti amadzipezera okha mankhwala osiyanasiyana - nthawi zina mpaka kufa - kuyambira nikotini ndi caffeine mpaka cocaine ndi heroin. Akangozolowera (ofufuza amati "azolowera"), amatha kusiya chakudya ndi madzi kuti apeze mankhwala omwe amawakonda. Monga ife, amagwiritsanso ntchito kwambiri akamavutika ndi ululu, kuchulukana kwa anthu kapena udindo wawo wocheperako. Ena amanyalanyaza ana awo.

Kuwona njira zowonongeka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala kumasonyeza chinthu chofunika: Cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito chakhala chikukhalabe mu geni kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri komanso chifukwa chotsutsa. Ngakhale kuledzera kukhoza kuwononga, kukhalapo kwake kungakhale kulimbikitsa kupulumuka.

Izi ndi zomwe ndikutanthauza: Kuphika chakudya, kudya nyama, kufunafuna chakudya, kufufuza ndi kupeza wokondedwa, komanso kumanga chisa ndi zitsanzo zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zithe kukhala ndi moyo komanso kubereka, kapena kuti akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amadziwika bwanji. Nyama zimapindula ndi zokondweretsa, zokhutiritsa zabwino za ntchito zofunika izi. Makhalidwe abwino omwe amatithandiza kuti tipulumuke.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusasangalatsa monga mantha ndi kudzipatula kumasonyeza zinyama zomwe zikukhalapo-zoopsa. Nkhawa imapangitsa iwo kukhala osamala. Kuwopa kumawateteza iwo kuti asatuluke ku njira yovulaza.

Ndipo chinthu chimodzi chimapanga, chimalamulira ndi kupanga malingaliro awa, kaya abwino kapena oipa: kukambirana kwa mankhwala ozungulira mu ubongo ndi machitidwe amanjenje a nyama. Ma opioid osungunuka nthawi, dopamine yobwezeretsa zenizeni , oxytocin yofewetsa malire, ma cannabinoids owonjezera chilakolako ndi ma neurohormones ena ambiri amapindulitsa khalidwe.

Ife anthu timapeza madalitso osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha ntchito zochirikiza moyo monga momwe nyama zimachitira. Timangotchula zochitika izi ndi mayina osiyanasiyana: Shopping. Kusonkhanitsa chuma. Kuchita zibwenzi. Kusaka nyumba. Kukongoletsa mkati. Kuphika.

Pamene makhalidwe awa aphunzitsidwa mwa anthu, amathandizidwa ndi kutuluka kwa mankhwala ena achilengedwe, kuphatikizapo dopamine ndi opiates.

Mfundo yofunikira ndi yakuti khalidwe ndizo zimayambitsa. Chitani chinachake chimene chisinthiko chimakondweretsa, ndipo mumapeza. Musati muzichita izo, ndipo inu simukupeza kukonza kwanu.

Ndipo ichi ndichifukwa chake mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kusokoneza miyoyo mwankhanza. Kumeza, kupuma kapena kubaya mankhwala oledzeretsa - omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kuposa momwe matupi athu adapangidwira kuti atipatse mphotho - kumawononga dongosolo lomwe lakonzedwa mosamala kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Zinthuzi zimawononga magwiridwe antchito athu amkati. Zimachotsa kufunikira kwa nyamayo kuti ilowetse khalidwe, isanalandire mankhwala. Mwanjira ina, mankhwala ndi mankhwala am'misewu amapereka njira yabodza yopezera mphotho - njira yachidule yopezera malingaliro akuti tikuchita chinthu chopindulitsa.

Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chovuta kwambiri chomvetsetsa kuledzera. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chinyama sichifunika kuti "mugwire ntchito" choyamba, kukakamiza, kuthawa kapena kusunga. M'malo mwake, amapita kukapindula. Mankhwalawa amapereka chizindikiro chonyenga ku ubongo wa nyama kuti thupi lake labwino, ngakhale kuti silinasinthe kwenikweni.

Nchifukwa chiyani mukudutsa maola ochepa chabe a nkhani zazing'ono ku phwando la ofesi pamene martini kapena awiri anganyengerere ubongo wanu kuganiza kuti mwakhala mukugwirizana kale? Mankhwalawa amauza abambo kuti ali ndi ntchito yofunikira, yowonjezera thupi.

Koma pomalizira pake, chikhumbo chofuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito chimaperekedwa ndi ubongo wa ubongo umene unasintha chifukwa unapangitsa kuti pakhale moyo. Tawonani motere, tonsefe timabadwa. Kuledzera ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zizoloŵezi zokhudzana ndi khalidwe kumalumikizidwa. Chilankhulo chawo chofala ndi cha neurocircuitry chomwe chimapindulitsa makhalidwe olimbitsa thupi.

Ganizirani za zizolowezi zofala kwambiri za khalidwe kuchokera ku lingaliro la kusintha kwa zinthu. Kugonana. Kudya mopitirira muyeso . Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kugwira ntchito. Zimalimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Kuyanjanitsa khalidwe lopindulitsa ubongo kuti likhale ndi moyo wochulukirapo kunandilora kuti ndiganizirenso "mankhwala osokoneza bongo" monga mavidiyo, masewera ndi mawebusaiti. Mafoni athu, mapepala a Facebook ndi Twitter akudyetsa kwambiri zinthu zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kwa zinyama zotsutsana kuti zikhale ndi moyo: malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, kupeza anthu okwatirana, ndi zokhudzana ndi zowopsya.

Kumvetsa biology yofanana ndi chiyambi cha kusuta kumatha kusintha momwe timamvetsetsera matendawa ndi odwalawo. Choyamba, anthu pawokha amasiyana mosiyana kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chawo. Chomwechonso, nyama, kuchokera ku zinyama kupita ku mphutsi. Kuonjezera apo, deta ya anthu ndi zinyama zonse zimasonyeza kuti nyama yaying'ono ikayamba kuwonetsedwa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zikhale zowonongeka ndi kumvetsera mankhwalawa m'tsogolomu. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri.

Ku United States, tayesa Kuletsedwa ndi "kungonena" ayi ". Tikaika zaka zakumwa ku 21 ndi zaka zosagwiritsiridwa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zonse. Palibe mwazinthu izi zomwe zaletsa achinyamata kuti asamvere zomwe akufuna.

Koma umboni ukusonyeza kuti ndi bwino kuti makolo ayesetse kwambiri kuchedwetsa ana awo kukumana nawo koyamba, ndipo mwina, kuwaphunzitsa njira zachilengedwe zopezera mphotho za mankhwala: kudzera mu masewera olimbitsa thupi , mpikisano wakuthupi ndi wamaganizo, kapena kutenga zoopsa "zotetezeka", monga kuchita sewero.

Anthu ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa angathe kuphunzira makhalidwe abwino omwe amachititsa chimodzimodzi (ngakhale kuti ndi ochepa) malingaliro abwino omwe ankawafuna kuchokera mu botolo, mapiritsi kapena singano. Ndipotu, izi zikhoza kukhala zomwe zimapangitsa mapulogalamu ena a rehab kukhala othandiza kwambiri kwa ena omwe amalephera. Zomwe zimakhazikitsa mapulogalamuwa zimalimbikitsa - kuyanjana, kufunafuna anzawo, kuyembekezera, kukonzekera ndi kupeza cholinga - zonsezi ndizochitika zakale, zomwe zimapindulitsa makhalidwe opulumuka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

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Fat Planet

NGAKHALE ndine katswiri wa zamoyo, masiku ena ndimamva ngati munthu wathanzi. Odwala, achibale komanso abwenzi kawirikawiri amandifunsa kuti, "Ndiyenera kudya chiyani?" Tonsefe timadziwa kuti posankha zakudya zolakwika komanso kunyamula thupi mwathu kungatidwalitse.

Koma anthu si nyama zokha padziko lapansi zomwe zimanenepa. Kuthengo, nyama zosiyanasiyana monga mbalame, zokwawa, nsomba komanso tizilombo zimalemera nthawi zonse — kenako n’kunyamuka —. Pafupi ndi kwawo, pafupifupi theka la agalu athu, amphaka, ngakhale akavalo ndi mbalame tsopano ndi onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti amadya zakudya zochepa zama carb, nyama ya “Catkins” , kupopera mafuta m’thupi la agalu komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kuti apeze “mbatata” za mbalame. Ndi kulemera kochulukirapo kwa ziweto zathu kwabwera matenda odziwika bwino okhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri: matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, matenda a minofu ndi mafupa, kusalolera shuga m’thupi, khansa zina komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi . Amawadziwa bwino chifukwa timaona mavuto ofanana mwa odwala onenepa kwambiri.

Ndinkaganiza kuti nyama zakutchire zinkakhala zolimba komanso zathanzi. Nthawi zonse ndimaganiza kuti nyama zakutchire zidya mpaka zitadzaza ndipo kenako zinasiya. Koma, atapatsidwa mpata, nsomba zambiri zakutchire, zokwawa, mbalame ndi zinyama zimadwala. Nthawi zina zimakhala zosangalatsa. Zambirimbiri kuphatikizapo mapasa a anthu ambiri - akhoza kutsutsa zinyama zakutchire, nazonso.

Ngakhale kuti tingaganize za zakudya zakutchire zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzibweretsa, nthawi zina za chaka komanso pansi pazifukwa zina, chakudyacho sichingakhale chopanda malire. Mbalame zambiri, kuima kokha pamene mathirakiti awo a m'mimba sangathe kutenga kenanso. Anyani a Tamarin awonedwa kuti adye zipatso zochuluka kwambiri m'mimba mwawo kuti matumbo awo awonongeke ndipo posakhalitsa amakayikira zipatso zomwezo zomwe posachedwapa zimagwera pansi.

Mark Edwards, katswiri wa zakudya zamagulu, adandiuza kuti, "Tonsefe tili ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku. Sindingaganize za mitundu yomwe siili. "Zinyama zakutchire zimatha kukhala ndi mafuta ndi kupeza zakudya zopanda phindu.

Zoonadi, nyama zimakhalanso zonenepa - komanso zathanzi - potengera nyengo ndi nyengo. Chodabwitsa, ndi malo ozungulira nyama zomwe zimatsimikizira ngati kulemera kwawo kumakhala kolimba kapena kuwuka.

Ndipo chilengedwe chimapanga "dongosolo lokonza zolemetsa" pa zinyama zakutchire. Nthawi zosawerengeka za kusowa kwa chakudya ndizofanana. Zopseza kuzilombo zimatha kuchepetsa kupeza chakudya. Kunenepa kumakwera mmwamba, koma kumakhalanso pansi. Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa kulemera kwa nyama zakutchire, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe mumadzizungulira nokha komanso kusokoneza mwayi wanu. Ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu zambiri mufunafuna tsiku ndi tsiku chakudya. Mwa kuyankhula kwina: sintha chilengedwe chanu.

Kuyang'ana kudutsa mitundu yonse ya zamoyo ndi kuwona kupindula kolemera pazomwe zimatikakamiza kulingalira zinthu zomwe sizingapangitse "chizolowezi chodyera ndi masewero olimbitsa thupi". Ngakhale popanda chithandizo cha 32-ounce sodas, mabala achikasu m'mphepete mwa Rockies, mabuluu a buluu ochokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya California ndi makoswe a ku Maryland akhala akuyenda mofulumira m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Malingaliro angakhale mu kusokonezeka kwa nyimbo za circadian. Pa mphamvu zamtunduwu zomwe zimawongolera mawotchi athu - kuphatikizapo kutentha, kudya, kugona komanso kuphatikiza - palibe "zinyama" zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuposa kuwala.

Kafukufuku watsopano akusonyeza kuti nthawi, komanso kuchuluka kwake, kuwala komwe kumawala m'maso mwanu kungathandize kudziwa kukula kwa diresi kapena mathalauza anu. Ndipo kusweka kwa kuwala ndi mdima kungakhale chifukwa chake. Kuipitsidwa kwa kuwala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa madera akumidzi, kuwala kwa mlengalenga m'mizinda ikuluikulu, zikwangwani zamagetsi ndi magetsi a pabwalo lamasewera kwawunikira dziko lathu. Kafukufuku wa makoswe wofalitsidwa mu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences wasonyeza kuti mbewa zomwe zimakhala ndi kuwala kosalekeza - kaya kowala kapena kopanda kuwala - zinali ndi ma BMI ambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa mbewa zomwe zimakhala ndi kuwala kofanana ndi mdima ndi kuwala.

Dalaivala wina wosaoneka wosalemera imakhala mkati mwa mimba zathu: mabiliyoni ambiri a zamoyo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala m'magulu athu. Dzikoli limatchedwa microbiome, ndipo limakhala ndi magulu awiri a mabakiteriya: The Firmicutes ndi Bacteroidetes. Cha m'ma pakati pa 2000s, asayansi ena anapanga chidwi chochititsa chidwi. Apeza kuti anthu olemera kwambiri anali ndi mphamvu zolimba m'matumbo awo. Anthu oonda anali ndi Bacteroidet. Pamene anthu olemera kwambiri adataya kulemera kwa chaka chimodzi, microbiomes awo anayamba kuyang'ana mofanana ndi anthu oonda - ndi Bacteroidetes kuposa Firmicutes.

Ofufuzawo atayang'ana mbewa, adapeza zomwezo. Ngakhale kuti si kafukufuku wonse amene wabwereza zomwezo, ngati zomwe zapezekazo zitakhala zoona, zikutanthauza kuti gulu la Firmicute lomwe likukulirakulira lingathandize kukolola, mwachitsanzo, ma calories 100 kuchokera ku apulo ya munthu mmodzi. Bwenzi la munthuyo lingakhale ndi gulu lalikulu la Bacteroidete lomwe lingatenge ma calories 70 okha kuchokera ku apulo lomwelo. Ichi chikhoza kukhala chifukwa chimodzi chomwe mnzanu wantchito angadye kawiri kuposa wina aliyense koma sakuwoneka kuti akulemera. Mphamvu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imadziwika bwino ndi madokotala a ziweto omwe amayang'anira chisamaliro cha nyama zomwe timanenepetsa dala: ziweto. Masiku ano, ndizofala kuti ntchito zaulimi wa fakitale zipereke maantibayotiki kwa nyama zodya kuyambira ng'ombe zolemera mapaundi 1,500 mpaka anapiye a ounce imodzi. Zotsatira za maantibayotiki amenewo pa madera amoyo a tizirombo ta m'matumbo m'matumbo a nyamazo zitha kuyambitsa kafukufuku wa kunenepa kwambiri kwa anthu.

Mankhwala opha tizilombo samangopha tizilombo tomwe timadwalitsa ziweto. Mwa kungopereka mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, alimi amatha kunenepetsa ziweto zawo pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya chochepa. Lingaliro limodzi ndilakuti posintha microflora ya m'matumbo a ziweto, mankhwala opha tizilombo amapanga matumbo olamulidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe ndi akatswiri ofufuza za kupha ma calories. Chilichonse chomwe chimasintha zomera za m'matumbo, kuphatikizapo maantibayotiki, sichimangokhudza kulemera kwa thupi kokha komanso zinthu zina zomwe timadya, monga kusalolera shuga, kukana insulin ndi cholesterol yoyipa.

Anthu amakono olemera apanga njira yodyera yosalekeza, mtundu wa "nyengo imodzi." Chakudya chathu chimachotsedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo timachotsa zina pamene tikutsuka dothi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo . Chifukwa timachilamulira, kutentha nthawi zonse kumakhala madigiri 74. Chifukwa chakuti ndife olamulira, tikhoza kudya bwino patebulo lowala dzuwa litalowa. Chaka chonse, masiku athu ndi okongola komanso aatali; usiku wathu ndi waufupi.

Monga zinyama, timapeza nyengo imodzi yokhala malo abwino kwambiri. Koma pokhapokha titakhala kuti tilibe mkhalidwe wambiri wokhudzana ndi matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tidzasowa kuti tipewe mwachangu.

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Kudula

MWINA njira yotchuka kwambiri yodzivulaza anthu m'nthawi yathu ino, yomwe imawoneka kuti yapangidwira makolo akumidzi kupotokola manja ndi kuonera nkhani za anthu, ndi kudula. Dzina lake limafotokoza zonse, koma ngati simukudziwa: zikutanthauza kutenga chinthu chakuthwa - mwina lumo, lumo, galasi losweka kapena pini yotetezera - ndikuchidula pakhungu lanu kuti mutenge magazi ndikupanga mabala. Madokotala amisala amatcha odula "odzivulaza okha" kuphatikiza njira zonse zatsopano zomwe anthu amalota kuti adzivulaze. Ena amadziwotcha dala ndi ndudu, zoyatsira kapena ma teakettle. Ena amavulaza khungu lawo podzimenya, kudzimenya kapena kudzimenya okha. Anthu omwe ali ndi trichotillomania amapukuta ndi kung'amba tsitsi pamutu pawo, pankhope, miyendo ndi ziwalo zoberekera. Ena ndi omeza, amameza zinthu monga mapensulo, mabatani, zingwe za nsapato kapena ziwiya zasiliva. Timaona njira iyi nthawi zambiri m'ndende.

Mutha kuganiza kuti kudzivulaza kumangochitika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena odwala kwambiri. Koma othandizira anga a zaumaganizo akunena kuti ikufalikira mwa anthu ambiri. Chifukwa chiyani? Mayi wina wazaka za 22 akulembera pa yunivesite ya yunivesite kuti: "Ndinayamba kudula manja anga ndili ndi zaka za 12 ... Ndikuganiza kuti ndingathe kufotokozera bwino momwe ndimamvera ndikukhala okondweretsa. Zimandithandizanso. "

Chisangalalo? Kupumula? Mpumulo? Ngakhale nditaphunzira za matenda amisala kwa zaka zambiri komanso zaka makumi awiri kuchipatala, ndikuganizabe kuti izi zikumveka zodabwitsa. Koma akatswiri odula ndi akatswiri awo amati ndi zoona. Ndipo akutsimikizira kuti anthu ambiri odzivulaza samadzipha. Koma chifukwa chake amachita zimenezi, yankho lalifupi ndilakuti sitikudziwa kwenikweni.

Ndinaganiza zowona kuti njira yowonjezereka yowonjezera ingapangidwe.

Mnzanga wina adapita ndi mphaka wake kwa dokotala wa ziweto poganiza kuti anali ndi vuto la pakhungu lomwe linkachititsa kuti tsitsi lonse ligwe m'miyendo yake, zomwe zinawonetsa zilonda zofiira komanso zotuluka. Pambuyo poyesedwa kuti apeze tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda amthupi, dokotala wake wa ziweto adati chiweto chake chinali "choluma m'chipinda." Ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a amphaka apakhomo, nthawi zina amatchedwa psychogenic alopecia . Mphakayo anali kudzivulaza popanda choyambitsa chomveka bwino, mwanjira yomwe inali ngati munthu wodula yekha m'chipinda chake.

Omwe ali ndi zida za golidi, abusa a Labrador, abusa Achijeremani, Great Danes, ndi Doberman pinschers mwina amazindikira kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mtundu umenewo - omwe amanyenga kwambiri ndi kudzikuza pamatupi awo. Zilonda zotseguka zomwe zimalenga zimatha kuphimba nkhope yonse ya mchimake kapena pansi pa mchira.

"Flank biters" ndi akavalo omwe amawononga mwamphamvu pamatupi awo, kukopa magazi ndi kuvulaza mabala.

Amuna a akavalo awa, monga makolo omwe amapeza mwana wawo akudula, nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi kukhumudwa ndi khalidwe, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuphulika kwaukali, kukankha, kupuma ndi kukonza.

Pamene abambo akubweretsa ziweto zomwe zimapanga mipando kwa maola ambiri, pitani kumbuyo mpaka kufooka thupi kapena kupukuta khungu lawo mpaka kuphulika ndi kutuluka kwa magazi, odwala nthawi zina amafotokoza makhalidwe amenewa ngati "zozizwitsa." Zambiri mwazimene zimayendera mahatchi , zokwawa, mbalame, agalu ndi anthu zimagawana zinthu zofunikira, kuphatikizapo zomwe zingayambitse mavuto ndikuwononga moyo wa wodwala kwambiri. Koma ambiri amagawana mgwirizano wokondweretsa ndikuyeretsa ntchito.

Mwina mwamvapo za kusamba m'manja mobwerezabwereza komwe kumachitika ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la obsessive-compulsive disorder . Mofananamo, mphaka wopsinjika maganizo angapitirire kugwiritsa ntchito chida chotsukira cha mphaka chomwe amakonda, lilime lake losasangalatsa. Madokotala a ziweto abwera ndi mawu ofala omwe amakhudza kwambiri zomwe zikuchitika pano. Amangotcha, "kusamalira kwambiri."

Kukonzekera ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa zolengedwa zambiri monga kudya, kugona ndi kupuma. Chisinthiko mwinamwake chinakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe abwino a chilengedwe chifukwa anali omwe ali ndi tizilombo tochepa ndi matenda.

Kukonzekera kumathandiza kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha zinyama zambiri, ndipo zimakhala zabwino. Palinso maonekedwe ena apadera a kudzikonzekera - makhalidwe ang'onoang'ono omwe onse koma abwino kwambiri omwe timakhala nawo nthawi zonse komanso nthawi zambiri osadziŵa. Kawirikawiri, iwo ndi osalakwa, koma amapatsidwa chisankho, sitingafune kuwawonetsa pagulu kapena kuwona anthu ena akuchita.

Kodi mankhwala anu ali ofewa kapena pali zina zovuta kupempha kuti azisankhidwa? Kodi mukung'amba tsitsi lanu mozungulira chala chanu, mukupotoza nsidze zanu, mukung'amba tsaya lanu, mukudzipusitsa nokha? Maphunziro akuyang'ana tsitsi, kukola nkhono ndi misomali-kuluma zonse zimatanthauzira kuti phokoso lokhazika mtima pansi, lofanana ndi lachikhalidwe lomwe limayendetsa ntchito zochepa, zodzichepetseratu, zodzikweza.

Nthawi zina zala zomwe zimakhala ndi tsitsi lanu zimafuna kutulutsa chingwe. Pali vuto lochepa ngati mizu imamangiriza ku follicle ... mumagwedeza mofulumira ... ndi zovuta pang'ono ^ mpaka potsiriza, pali mbola yayifupi, yowala ndipo tsitsi limatulutsidwa. Anthu amadalira pa kumasulidwa uku-kumasulidwa kuzungulira tsiku lonse. Tikhoza kupukuta, kukoka, kuvuta kapena kukanikiza pang'ono pokhapokha tikakhumudwitsidwa, koma ambiri aife khalidwe silikula. Koma kwa anthu ena kufunikira kwa kumverera kotere ndi kumasulidwa ndi kolimba kwambiri moti amafunafuna kwambiri. Kudzivulaza ndiko kudzikongoletsa kwatayika.

Mwanjira ina, odzivulaza kwenikweni ali odzipangira okha. Ndichifukwa chake, zowawa ndi kudzikongoletsa zimapangitsa thupi kumasula ma opiates achilengedwe, monga endorphins, mankhwala omwe amachititsa mpikisano wothamanga.

Mnyamata wamapakati apakati ali ngati kavalo yekha m'mphepete mwake, ndipo zambiri mwa zosowa zake zimapangidwa mosavuta kuzimba chunks. Amasiyidwa ndi nthawi yambiri yowonjezera ndi zochepa zomwe amachita monga kulimbikitsana monga zovuta tsiku ndi tsiku kuti apulumuke. Zookeepers amapanga zinyama kuti azipepuka. Kodi tiyenera kufufuza achinyamata omwe akukhudzidwa ndikukula ndi kukonzekera zakudya zawo, zomwe zingachititse kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso cholinga?

Tonsefe - kuchokera kwa odulidwa odzaza ndi tsitsi lachinsinsi ndi zowawa za msomali - kugawaniza zokakamiza zathu ndi zinyama. Kukonzekera kumayendetsa galimoto yowuma, yomwe yakhala ikugwedezeka kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri ndi phindu lotiyeretsa ndi kutisunga ife ndi anthu.

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Kulumikizana kwathu kofunikira ndi nyama kumafalikira kuyambira thupi mpaka khalidwe, kuyambira maganizo mpaka chikhalidwe cha anthu. Izi zimafuna kuti madokotala ndi odwala agwirizane ndi madokotala a ziweto kuganiza mopitirira bedi la munthu mpaka m'mabwalo a m'nyanja, nyanja ndi mlengalenga.