Zimakhala zovuta kwa achinyamata kuthana ndi ziyeso za zinthu zabwino.
Nkhani yofalitsidwa ndi Art Markman Ph.D. pa Disembala 12, 2014 mu Ulterior Motives
Ndizachilendo kulankhula za momwe zaka zaunyamata zilili nthawi ya khalidwe loopsa. Ndipo, tikamalankhula za chifukwa chake achinyamata amachita zinthu zoopsa, pamakhala chizolowezi choyang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwa ma lobes akutsogolo. Tikudziwa kuti pali njira zomwe zimakhudza ma lobes akutsogolo a ubongo zomwe zimaletsa khalidwe lomwe lakhala likuchitika. Mu Smart Change (link is external) , ndimatcha njira izi kuti Stop System. Ma lobes akutsogolo sakula mokwanira mpaka atakula, ndipo ndicho chifukwa chake achinyamata amachita zinthu zoopsa.
Zikanakhala kuti Stop System sinakhwimebe, ndiye kuti ngakhale ana aang'ono ayenera kuchita zinthu zowopsa zambiri. M'malo mwake, pali chinthu china. Achinyamata amakhalanso ndi machitidwe ambiri omwe amawona kuti ndi opindulitsa. Ndimayimba njira zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kukhala ndi machitidwe a Go System.
Lingaliro ili likuwonetsa kuti achinyamata ali ndi mkuntho woyenera wa Go System womwe umayendetsedwa kuti ukalandire mphotho ngakhale pali zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndi Stop System yomwe siyingaletse machitidwe omwe ali oopsa.
Pepala losangalatsa lomwe lili mu kope la Novembala, 2014 la Psychological Science (link is external) lolembedwa ndi Zachary Roper, Shaun Vecera, ndi Jatin Vaidya limapereka umboni wina wa lingaliro ili la khalidwe loopsa la achinyamata.
Ofufuzawa akuti ngati achinyamata akukopeka ndi mphotho, ayenera kupitirizabe kulabadira zinthu zabwino zomwe zili m'deralo , ngakhale zitasiya kupindulitsanso.
Poyesa kuthekera uku, achinyamata 40 (azaka zapakati pa 13-16) ndi akulu 40 (azaka zapakati pa 27) adayendetsedwa mu kafukufuku. Mu gawo loyambilira la kafukufukuyu, ophunzirawo adawona mabwalo akuda angapo pakompyuta. Mkati mwa bwalo lililonse panali mzere. Nthawi zonse pamakhala bwalo limodzi lofiira kapena lobiriwira pazenera, ndipo enawo anali mitundu ina. Ophunzira adadina batani limodzi mwamawonekedwe awiri kuti awonetse ngati mzere womwe uli mkati mwa bwalolo unali wopingasa kapena wowongoka. Atayankha molondola, anapindula. Kwa aliyense amene akutenga nawo mbali, mtundu umodzi nthawi zambiri umalumikizidwa ndi mphotho yayikulu (masenti a 10) kuposa inayo (masenti awiri). Chifukwa chake, kwa omwe amatenga nawo mbali, bwalo lofiira limatha kubweretsa mphotho ya 2 cent ndipo bwalo lobiriwira limatha kubweretsa mphotho ya 10 cent.
Pambuyo pochita mayeso 240 ngati awa, ntchitoyo inasinthidwa. Tsopano, ophunzirawo adachitanso mayeso ena 240 momwe adayenera kupeza diamondi yabuluu ndikuwonetsa momwe mzerewo unalili mkati mwa mawonekedwewo. Zinthu zina zonse zomwe zinali pazenera panthawi ya mayeso awa (zomwe zimatchedwa zinthu zosokoneza ) zinali zozungulira zofiirira. Pa mayeso ena, imodzi mwa mabwalo osokoneza anali ofiira kapena obiriwira, omwe adagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphotho mu gawo loyamba la kafukufukuyu.
Funso lofunika kwambiri linali loti kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe adatenga ophunzira kuti ayankhe molondola pamayeso amayeso kunakhudzidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mabwalo omwe adapatsidwa gawo loyambirira la kafukufukuyu. Ngati zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ophunzira ayankhe pamaso pa chosokoneza chomwe chidalandiridwapo m'mbuyomu, zikuwonetsa kuti zosokoneza zimakopa chidwi kuchokera ku cholinga chenicheni cha ntchitoyi.
Akuluakulu samakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi maphunziro oyamba. Mgulu loyeserera loyeserera, akuchedwa kuyankha pang'ono pomwe m'modzi mwa zododometsa adalandira mphotho mgulu loyesa. Pambuyo poyesa pafupifupi 60, akulu samakhudzidwanso ndi zomwe adalandira kale. Ndiye kuti, Go System siyimayendetsanso achikulire kumalipiro akale.
Achinyamata amachita mosiyana kwambiri. Amachedwa kuyankha pomwe m'modzi mwazosokoneza adapatsidwa mphoto m'mbuyomu. Amachedwa kwambiri pomwe chosokoneza chinali mtundu womwe udalandira mphotho yayikulu. Ndi achangu kwambiri pomwe palibe m'modzi mwa omwe amasokoneza adalandira mphotho. Bwalo lozungulira lomwe lidalandira mphotho yaying'ono lidatulukira pakati. Izi zidapitilira kuyesedwa konse kwa mayesero 240.
Pomaliza, zotsatirazi zinali zamphamvu kwambiri kwa azaka za 13- ndi 14 omwe adayesedwa. Iwo adakopeka kwambiri ndi mabwalo omwe adapatsidwa mphoto kale. Achinyamata azaka za 15- ndi 16 nawonso anali ocheperako pang'ono akakumana ndi bwalo lomwe lidalandiridwapo kale, koma osafanana ndi achinyamata.
Izi zikuwonetsa kuti machitidwe owopsa omwe timawona achinyamata ali ndi magwero awiri. Choyamba, gulu la Go System la achinyamata limalunjika kuzinthu zomwe zidapindulidwapo kale. Ndizovuta kuti achinyamata achepetse izi za Go System. Kenako, pamwamba pa izo, Stop System ili ndi vuto kuthana ndi malangizo a Go System, kuti achinyamata apitilize kuchita zomwe akufuna kuti apeze zomwe zidapatsidwa kale.
Pomaliza, izi zimatsimikizira kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe kuthandiza achinyamata kudziteteza. Zimangokhala zovuta kuti achinyamata athane ndi ziyeso zamphamvu. Mwina njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira achinyamata kupewa machitidwe owopsa ndi kuchotsa zoopsa zazikulu m'chilengedwe. Ngakhale achinyamata akuyenera kuphunzira kunena kuti ayi kuzinthu zomwe sayenera kuchita, palibe chifukwa choti athetse mphamvu zonse za Go Systems.
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