1) Kuyerekeza kwa Thanzi la Maganizo la Akazi Ochita Mafilimu Achikulire ndi Akazi Ena Achinyamata ku California (2015) - Zidule:
Kafukufuku wojambulidwa pa intaneti omwe adasinthidwa kuchokera ku California Women's Health Survey (CWHS) adadzipereka yekha ku sampuli yabwino ya opanga mafilimu akuluakulu a 134 kudzera pa intaneti. Zolemba za Bivariate ndi multivariate zinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza deta ya akaziwa ndi deta kwa akazi a 1,773 a mibadwo yofanana omwe anayankha ku 2007 CWHS. Zotsatira zazikuluzikulu zowonongeka zinali kudzidzimva kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.
M'miyezi ya 12 yapitayi, 50% ya ochita masewerowa adanena kuti ali ndi umphawi ndipo 34% adawonetsa kuti akukumana ndi nkhanza zapakhomo, poyerekeza ndi 36% ndi 6%, omwe akutsutsana ndi a CWHS. Akuluakulu, 27% adakumana ndi zovuta zogonana, poyerekeza ndi 9% a anthu omwe anafunsidwa ndi CWHS.
Zomwe mwapeza: Akazi achikulire omwe amaonetsa mafilimu amavutika kwambiri ndi matenda a maganizo komanso apamwamba kwambiri kuposa azimayi ena a ku California omwe ali ndi zaka zofanana.
Ochita mafilimu akuluakulu amachita zachiwerewere nthawi yayitali komanso mobwerezabwereza ndi ogonana nawo ambiri pakapita nthawi yochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yabwino yopatsirana kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana (STDs). Zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri, machitidwe oopsa kwambiri akuchulukirachulukira [ 4 ]. Machitidwewa akuphatikizapo zachiwerewere zomwe zimaphatikizapo kulowa kawiri nthawi imodzi (kugonana kawiri m'malo olumikizirana ziwalo za m'chiuno ndi m'chiuno) komanso kutulutsa umuna mobwerezabwereza kumaso.
Mu 2004, makampani awiri okha mwa makampani 200 opanga mafilimu akuluakulu ndi omwe adafuna kuti makondomu agwiritsidwe ntchito polowa m'mimba mwa mbolo, mbolo, ndi mbolo, ndi nyini [ 2 ]. Ochita sewerowa amanena kuti akuyenera kugwira ntchito popanda makondomu kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito. Machitidwewa amachititsa kuti pakhale kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso nthawi zina kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa ochita sewerowa.
3) Njira zopezera chiopsezo cha thanzi mwa ochita mafilimu akuluakulu (2009) - Zidule:
Ngakhale kuti ali m'gulu lalikulu la zamalonda ku Los Angeles, sadziwa zambiri za anthu akuluakulu ojambula mafilimu kuopsa kwa thanzi komanso nthawi komanso momwe zingakhalire zoopsa. Cholinga chake chinali kudziwidwa ndi zoopsa za thupi, maganizo, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso njira zoopsa zoterezi pakati pa ochita masewero akuluakulu komanso kudziwa momwe zovuta zimasiyanirana pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana, monga abambo ndi amai. Kuyankhulana kwakukulu komweko kunayambidwa ndi 18 akazi ndi ojambula khumi amuna komanso awiri ofunika kwambiri kuchokera ku malonda.
Ochita zochitika zoopsa zaumoyo zomwe zimaphatikizapo chiopsezo chachikulu chogonana chomwe sichizitetezedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi kupititsa patsogolo thupi. Iwo amavutika ndi zowawa za thupi pa filimuyi. Ambiri analowa m'bungweli ndikukhala osasamala ndalama ndipo amadwala matenda a maganizo. Azimayi anali ochuluka kuposa amuna kuti adziwidwe ndi zoopsa zaumoyo. Ochita mafilimu akuluakulu, makamaka akazi, amapezeka ku zoopsa zaumoyo zomwe zimadzaza pa nthawi komanso zomwe sizili kokha ku matenda opatsirana pogonana.
4) Matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi zoopsa zina mumakampani opanga mafilimu akuluakulu (2013) - Zidule:
Makampani opanga mafilimu a akuluakulu masiku ano ndi bizinesi yovomerezeka yogulitsa mabiliyoni ambiri a madola. Zoopsa zazikulu pa thanzi la akuluakulu ochita sewero ndi zodziwika bwino. Makamaka zimaphatikizapo kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana monga HIV, chiwindi, chinzonono, Chlamydia , herpes ndi papillomavirus. Komabe , ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse amatsatiridwa, kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana kumakhalabe kwakukulu pakati pa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikuluchi chifukwa gawo lalikulu la makampaniwa likupitilizabe kukana kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu mwadongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, ochita sewerowa amakhalanso ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo wakuthupi ndi wamaganizidwe omwe nthawi zambiri samadziwika ndi anthu. Nkhaniyi ikupereka ndemanga yonse ya zomwe zimadziwika za matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi zoopsa zina pakati pa anthu ochita sewero mumakampani opanga mafilimu a akuluakulu.
5) Kuyezetsa matenda opatsirana pogonana kwa akuluakulu ochita mafilimu: kodi matenda akuphonya? (2012 ) - Zidule:
Matenda opatsirana opatsirana pogonana (matenda opatsirana pogonana) angakhale osowa m'makampani akuluakulu a mafilimu chifukwa ochita kawirikawiri amatenga zogonana mosamalidwa ndi kugonana, matenda opatsirana pogonana nthawi zambiri amawoneka, ndipo makampaniwa amadalira kuyesedwa kwa mkodzo.
Pa nthawi ya phunziro la mwezi wa 4, olowa 168 analembetsa: 112 (67%) anali akazi ndipo 56 (33%) anali amuna. Pa 47 (28%) omwe anayesera zabwino za Gonorrhea ndi / kapena Chlamydia, 11 (23%) milandu sichikanadziwika mwa kuyesedwa kwa urogenital wokha. Gonorrhea anali STI yambiri (42 / 168; 25%) ndi oropharyx malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri (37 / 47; 79%). Matenda makumi atatu ndi asanu (95%) oropharyngeal ndi 21 (91%) matenda opatsirana amtunduwu anali osakwanira.
Ochita masewera ojambula mafilimu akuluakulu anali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda opatsirana pogonana. Matenda osokoneza bongo omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana anali wamba ndipo mwachidziwikire amakhala ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito kugonana nawo mkati ndi kunja kwa malo ogwira ntchito. Ochita masewerawa ayenera kuyesedwa pa malo onse omwe amapezeka mosavuta pokhapokha ngati ali ndi zizindikiro, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kuyenera kuyesedwa kuti ateteze antchito a malonda awa.
Makampani akuluakulu a mafilimu (AFI) amachita zolimbitsa thupi, zamaliseche, zamagulu ndi abambo omwe sakhala otetezedwa, amachititsa kuti pakhale mwayi wopezeka ndi kutumiza kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Ntchito zamakono zamakono sizikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu; mmalo mwake zimadalira pa kuyesa kochepa. Tinayesa kulingalira kuti chiwerengero cha chlamydia (CT) ndi gonorrhea (GC) chakachitika chaka ndi chaka ndikuyesa kuchulukanso kwa AFI. Malire apansi pa zochitika zapakati pa chaka ndi CT ndi GC pakati pa ochita AFI anali kuyembekezera kukhala 14.3% ndi 5.1%, motero. Kuwonjezeranso kwa chaka m'chaka cha 1 chinali 26.1%.
Matenda a CT ndi a GC ndi osowa komanso osowa pakati pa ojambula. Njira zothandizira, kuphatikizapo kukwezedwa kwa kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu, ndizofunika kuteteza ogwira ntchito mu malonda awa, monga kuyesa nokha sikungalepheretse kupeza malo ndi ntchito. Malamulo oonjezera omwe amapereka udindo wambiri ku makampani opanga kupanga amafunika kuti ateteze ndi thanzi la ochita.
Ngakhale kukhala bizinesi yapadziko lonse lapansi, yopanga madola mabiliyoni ambiri, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pazomwe azimayi amakumana nazo pantchito zolaula. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuwunika zomwe akazi amakumana nazo pakupanga zolaula, makamaka pazomwe zimachitika polowera, kukakamiza, komanso zachiwawa m'makampani, komanso zosowa zapano ndi zopinga zilizonse zomwe zingalepheretse ntchito. Mafunso omwe anapangidwa mozama, mozama adachitika ndi azimayi asanu ndi anayi odziwa zambiri zolaula ku Sweden. Ophunzira atenga msinkhu wachinyamata, kusowa ndalama, kuwonongedwa kale zachiwawa zogonana, komanso kudwala kwamaganizidwe monga zomwe zimayambitsa kulowa nawo zolaula. Akakhala m'makampaniwa, azimayi amatha kuwopseza anzawo komanso kuwalimbikitsa ndi zolaula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusunga malire. Amayi nthawi zambiri amazunzidwa ndi ogula zolaula omwe amatumiza zopempha kuti agule zogonana pa intaneti kapena pa intaneti. Kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo cha amayi, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kukana zofuna za omwe amaonera zolaula komanso omwe amagula zolaula. Zochitika za uhule ndi mitundu ina yakugwiritsa ntchito mozembera ndizofala. Cholepheretsa chachikulu kuti musatulukire zolaula ndi nkhawa yakukhala ndi zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti kwamuyaya. Pofuna kutuluka m'makampani opanga zolaula ndikupeza njira zina zenizeni, ophunzira adatsimikiza zakufunika kwamaphunziro aukadaulo, maphunziro owonjezera ndi chithandizo chamaganizidwe. Kafukufukuyu ndi gawo lofunikira pofotokozera zomwe akazi amakumana nazo pakupanga zolaula. Zolemba zina zakupwetekedwa ndikuwunika zosowa ndizofunikira pakupanga mfundo ndikukhazikitsa ntchito zothandiza anthu osatetezekawa.