Comments: Phunziro limafotokoza momwe dopamine yochulukirapo imatha kulimbikitsira madera a "pitani" muzoledzeretsa, komanso kufooketsa "mabwalo oyimitsa" otsutsana.
Kutsegulira chinsinsi cha chifukwa chomwe dopamine imawumitsa odwala a Parkinson
CHICAGO - Matenda a Parkinson ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi matenda otsutsana ndi polar, koma onse amadalira dopamine muubongo. Odwala a Parkinson alibe zokwanira; omwerekera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalandira zochuluka kwambiri. Ngakhale kufunikira kwa dopamine pamavutowa kwadziwika bwino, momwe imagwirira ntchito zakhala zosamveka.
Kafukufuku watsopano wochokera ku Feinberg School of Medicine ku Northwestern University awulula kuti dopamine imalimbikitsa ndikufooketsa mabwalo awiri oyambira muubongo omwe amawongolera machitidwe athu. Izi zimapereka chidziwitso chatsopano chifukwa chake kusefukira kwa dopamine kumatha kubweretsa kukakamira, kuzolowera komanso dopamaine yaying'ono imatha kusiya odwala a Parkinson atazizira ndipo sangathe kuyenda.
"Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa momwe dopamine amapangira magawo awiri akuluakulu aubongo omwe amawongolera momwe timasankhira kuchita komanso zomwe zimachitika m matendawa," atero a D. James Surmeier, wolemba wamkulu komanso Pulofesa wa Nathan Smith Davis komanso wapampando wa physiology Sukulu ya Feinberg. Pepalalo lidasindikizidwa mu nkhani ya August 8 ya Science.
Mabwalo awiri akuluakulu a ubongo amatithandiza kusankha ngati tichite chokhumba kapena ayi. Mwachitsanzo, kodi mumachoka pabedi ndikuyendetsa sitolo kuti mukapange chakumwa chaching'ono chachisanu ndi chimodzi usiku wotentha wa chilimwe, kapena mukugona pabedi?
Dera limodzi ndi "kuyima" komwe kumakulepheretsani kuchita zomwe mukufuna; ina ndi dera "pitani" lomwe limakupangitsani kuchitapo kanthu. Ma circuits awa amapezeka mu striatum, dera laubongo lomwe limamasulira malingaliro kukhala zochita.
Phunziroli, ofufuza adafufuza mphamvu ya synapses yomwe ikugwirizanitsa chiwalo cha ubongo, dera la ubongo lomwe limakhudzidwa m'malingaliro, malingaliro ndi malingaliro, ku striatum, kunyumba yaima ndi kupita maulendo omwe amasankha kapena kuteteza zochita.
Asayansi amathandizira ma ulusi wama cortical kuti atengere mayendedwe amachitidwe ndikulimbikitsa gawo lachilengedwe la dopamine. Zomwe zinachitika kenako zinawadabwitsa. Ma cortical synapses olumikizana ndi dera la "go" adakula ndikulimba. Nthawi yomweyo, dopamine idachepetsa kulumikizana kwa kotekisi mu gawo la "kuyima".
"Izi zitha kukhala zomwe zimayambitsa kusuta," adatero Surmeier. "Dopamine yotulutsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo imabweretsa kulimbitsa kwamphamvu kwa ma cortical synapses omwe amayendetsa mabwalo a striatal 'go', pomwe amafooketsa ma synapses otsutsana ndi 'stop' circuits. Zotsatira zake, pamene zochitika zokhudzana ndi kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo - komwe umamwa mankhwalawo, zomwe umamva - zikuchitika, pamakhala vuto losalamulirika loti upite kukasaka mankhwala osokoneza bongo. ”
"Zochita zathu zonse muubongo wathanzi zimayenderana ndikulakalaka kuchitapo kanthu ndikulakalaka kusiya," adatero Surmeier. "Ntchito yathu ikuwonetsa kuti sikumangolimbikitsa kulumikizana kwa maubongo komwe kumathandizira kusankha zochita zomwe ndizofunikira pakuwononga kwa dopamine, ndikufooketsa kulumikizana komwe kumatithandizanso kuti tileke. ”
Mu gawo lachiwiri la kuyesaku, asayansi adapanga mtundu wa nyama za matenda a Parkinson popha ma dopamine neurons. Kenako adayang'ana zomwe zidachitika pomwe amatsanzira malamulo oyenda kuti asunthe. Zotsatira zake: kulumikizana kwa dera la "stop" kunalimbikitsidwa, komanso kulumikizana ndi dera la "go" kudafooka.
"Kafukufukuyu akuwunikira chifukwa chomwe odwala a Parkinson amavutikira kugwira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kudutsa tebulo kuti atenge madzi akumwa." Surmeier adati.
Surmeier adalongosola zodabwitsazi pogwiritsa ntchito kufanizira galimoto. "Kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa kuti kulephera kusuntha matenda a Parkinson sikungokhala chabe ngati galimoto ikutha mafuta," adatero. “M'malo mwake, galimotoyo 'siyenda chifukwa phazi lanu laphwanyika. Dopamine nthawi zambiri imakuthandizani kuti musinthe kukakamiza kwama brake ndi gasi. Zimakuthandizani kudziwa kuti mukawona nyali yofiira pamphambano, mumanyema ndipo nyali yobiriwira ikafika, mumachotsa phazi lanu ndikupondaponda mpweya kuti mupite. Odwala matenda a Parkinson, amene anataya minyewa yotulutsa dopamine, phazi lawo limapitirizabe kusweka. ”
Kumvetsetsa komwe kusinthaku kumasintha kwaubongo kumapangitsa asayansi kuyandikira njira zatsopano zochiritsira zovuta zamaubongozi ndi zina zokhudzana ndi dopamine monga schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome ndi dystonia.
KUPHUNZITSA: Kuteteza kwa Dopaminergic Dongosolo lopangidwa ndi maselo osakanikirana
Kudalirika
Pakati pa ma synapses pakati pa ma cortical pyramidal neurons ndi ma striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), postynaptic D1 ndi D2 dopamine (DA) zolandila zimayikidwa kukhala zofunikira pakulowetsa kuthekera kwakanthawi komanso kukhumudwa, motsatana-kwake mitundu yamapulasitiki yomwe imaganiza kuti ndiyophatikizira kuphunzira. Chifukwa ma receptors awa amangokhala anthu awiri osiyana a MSN, izi zimafunsanso kuti mapuloteni a synaptic asagwirizane ndi mtundu uliwonse wamaselo. Pogwiritsa ntchito magawo aubongo ochokera ku mbewa za DA receptor transgenic, tikuwonetsa kuti sichoncho. M'malo mwake, DA imagwira nawo ntchito zothandizana mu mitundu iwiri iyi ya MSN kuwonetsetsa kuti mapuloteni a synaptic ali mbali zonse ndi Achihebri. Mwa mitundu ya matenda a Parkinson, dongosololi limawonongeka, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kosagwirizana ndi pulasitiki komwe kumatha kudwalitsa matenda ndi zizindikiritso zama network.
- PMID 18687967
- PMCID: PMC2833421
- DOI: 10.1126 / sayansi.1160575
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