Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 2016 Feb 16. pii: 201515724.
Liu S1, Globa AK2, Mills F2, Naef L1, Qiao M1, Bamji SX2, Borgland SL3.
Kudalirika
M'dera lomwe mumatha kupeza chakudya chosavuta kumva komanso chopatsa mphamvu, njira zokhudzana ndi chakudya zimayendetsa kufunafuna chakudya mosasamala kanthu za kukhuta, zomwe zingayambitse kunenepa kwambiri. Dera la ventral tegmental area (VTA) ndi mawonekedwe ake a mesolimbic ndizofunikira kwambiri pophunzira njira zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulosera zotsatira zoyeserera. Zotsatira zoyambira zotsatsa zokhudzana ndi zakudya komanso kumwa zakudya zokoma zimatha kuyendetsa chakudya. Komabe, momwe zimachitikira izi, komanso ngati zoyambitsazi zimatha masiku angapo pambuyo podya, sizikudziwika. Apa, tikuwonetsa kuti kumwa kwakanthawi kochepa kwa zakudya zokoma kumatha kuyambitsa machitidwe amtsogolo a chakudya ndi kudya. Izi zimayanjanitsidwa ndikulimbikitsa kwamphamvu kopitilira muyeso kwa ma dopamine neurons omwe amayambitsidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwamalankhulidwe a endocannabinoid, koma kumatenga masiku kutha kwa 24-h kuwonetsedwa pachakudya cha mafuta otsekemera (SHF). Mphamvu yolimbikitsidwayo ya synaptic imayanjanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kochulukitsa kosangalatsa kwa synaptic pa VTA dopamine neurons. Kuyendetsa insulini mu VTA, yomwe imapondereza kutulutsa kosakanikirana kwa ma dopamine neurons, kumatha kuthetseratu machitidwe oyandikira pakudya ndi kudya komwe kumawonedwa patadutsa masiku 24-h kufikira SHF. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale kupezeka kwakanthawi kochepa kwa zakudya zokoma kumatha kuyendetsa njira yakudyetsa mtsogolo mwa "rewiring" mesolimbic dopamine neurons.
MAFUNSO: VTA; dopamine; chithunzithunzi chotsutsa cha synaptic; chakudya chokoma; mphamvu ya syntaptic
NKHANI YOKHUNZIRA
Zakudya zosapatsa thanzi zimathandizira machitidwe ofunafuna chakudya muubongo
February 23, 2016 ndi Christopher Packham
(Medical Xpress) -Mliri wapano wonenepa kwambiri m'maiko otukuka uyenera kukhala chenjezo kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene omwe ali ndi misika yomwe yangotsegulidwa kumene. Opanga chakudya, makampani ogulitsa malo odyera, unyolo wapa chakudya ndi otsatsa amalumikizana kuti apange malo omwe zakudya zokoma, zopatsa mphamvu ndi zina zokhudzana nazo zimapezeka; komabe, anthu adakali ndi mapangidwe osinthika a neural oyenererana bwino ndi malo akusowa kwa chakudya. Mwanjira ina, mapulogalamu aubongo atha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthana ndi zamoyo zamakono ndi njira yathanzi.
Anthu, monga nyama zonse, ali ndi mapulogalamu akale obadwa nawo omwe adasinthidwa makamaka kuti athe kudya komanso kukhala ndi moyo wofunafuna chakudya. Malingaliro azachilengedwe amakopa mwamakhalidwe awa posintha mapangidwe amitsempha, ndipo mabungwe asintha sayansi yogwiritsa ntchito mayankho a chisangalalo chaumunthu mwina mwinanso mosasinthanso amaumba ubongo wa anthu kuti apeze mafuta owonjezera. M'dera lomwe lili ndi zakudya zokoma, zopatsa mphamvu, kufalikira kwa zinthu zokhudzana ndi chakudya kumatha kubweretsa kufunafuna chakudya ndikudya mopitilira muyeso mosasamala kanthu za kukhuta, komwe kumayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Ofufuza a ku Canada ku yunivesite ya Calgary ndi yunivesite ya British Columbia posachedwapa anatulutsa zotsatira za phunziro la mbewa mu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences momwe iwo anafufuza njira za neural zotsatila kusintha kumeneku pakufunafuna chakudya.
Kukonzekera zam'tsogolo zoyenera kudya zakudya
Amanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito kanthaŵi kochepa chakudya chokoma kwambiri-makamaka, chakudya chokoma kwambiri cha mafuta-makamaka zakudya zamakono zoyenera kudya. Iwo apeza kuti zotsatirazo ndizopakatilira ndi kulimbikitsidwa kwa kusakanikirana kwachisudzo cha synaptic dopamine neurons, ndipo amatha masiku angapo pambuyo poyambira maola oyamba a 24 kwa zakudya zamtengo wapatali.
Zosinthazi zimachitika mu ubongo wa ventral tegmental area (VTA) ndi mawonekedwe ake a mesolimbic, dera lomwe limakhudzidwa ndikusintha zachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kufotokozera zokhutiritsa zoyenera-mwazinthu zina, VTA ndiyomwe yakhazikitsa zolakalaka zokhutiritsa zomwe zimapindulitsa mwa njira ina.
Ofufuzawo alemba kuti, "Chifukwa chakuti kufalikira kwa ma synaptic opititsa patsogolo ma dopamine neurons kumaganiziridwa kuti kungasinthe chidwi chazomwe sizingachitike kukhala chidziwitso chazidziwitso, kusintha kumeneku pakukweza kosangalatsa kwa ma synaptic kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya komwe kumawonedwa masiku angapo atatha kudya zakudya zotsekemera zamafuta kwambiri komanso zomwe zingakhale zabwino kwambiri kudya kwambiri. ”
Njira zothetsera kunenepa zingatheke
Mphamvu yamagetsi yotchedwa synaptic imakhala kwa masiku angapo atapezeka ku chakudya chokwanira-mphamvu, ndipo imayanjanitsika ndi kuchulukitsidwa kowonjezereka kokwanira. Ofufuzawa anapeza kuti kuyambitsa insulini mwachindunji ku vta zotetezera zosangalatsa kusinthasintha kwachimake Dopamine neurons ndi kuthetseratu mwakhama khalidwe lofunafuna chakudya pambuyo pa ola la 24 kupeza chakudya chokoma kwambiri.
Munthawi yopezera chakudya, kuchuluka kwa masamba amamasulidwe a glutamate pama dopamine neurons kumawonjezeka. Insulini imagwira ntchito yotchinga malowa, kupikisana ndi glutamate. Pozindikira kuti izi zikusonyeza njira yothetsera kunenepa kwambiri, olembawo alemba kuti, "Chifukwa chake, ntchito zamtsogolo zikuyenera kudziwa ngati insulini ya intranasal ingachepetse kudya mopitilira muyeso chifukwa cha chakudya choyambitsidwa ndi chakudya chosavuta kapena chakudyazofananira. ”